GEC 105 Module 1

P U R P O S I V E C O M M U N I C AT I O N
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OVERVIEW
This module describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to communicate in the workplace. It includes
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gathering, conveying and receiving information together with
completing routine written correspondence. Apply effective
communication strategies and a range of routine workplace
communication tasks using a limited range of practical skills in
conveying ideas through textual, oral. audio-visual, and/or web-
based presentations for various audiences in a defined context
under direct supervision or with limited individual responsibility.
Specifically, the module will cover the following lessons:
Lesson 1: Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics
Lesson 2: Types of Communication
Lesson 3: Communication and Technology
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C O M M U N I C AT I O N AT WORK
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Communication
Lesson 1 Processes, Principles,
and Ethics
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 Explain the principles and process of communication and the ethical
consideration in communication;
 Elucidate how communication skills help resolve problems, better understand
new concepts and aid in your profession;
 Discuss the value of communication in enhancing one’s personal and
professional relationships; and
 Recognize the importance of a code of ethics in communication; and
 Frame a slogan about how the knowledge of the communication process aids
people in communicating effectively.
Introduction
Communication is both an art and a science. It often involves acts of speaking and
listening, reading and writing, but it also goes beyond these and incorporates the
transmission of non-verbal language, sign language, codes transmitted electronically (e.g.,
Morse code), and physically (touch; hormones; muscles, tendons, nerves), and messages
communicated through music, and by other means.
Although you communicate simply by being in the world, developing good verbal
and body language skills involves learning and consciously using your skills to improve.
This lesson will tackle about communication process, principles, and ethics that will
help you to augment your communication skills and increase your knowledge and
awareness of some of the components involved in effective communication.
To explain all the features required of good communicators, you need to delve into
the nature of verbal communication in its various modes. Basic questions are: How can you
put yourself on a path that would make you into a better communicator? How can you
develop skills to overcome some fears or limitations? It may be useful to know more about
what your attitudes are regarding communicating and your communication skills.
Just relax and enjoy while learning!
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What do I know?
Before we proceed with the lesson, let us try to examine our pre-conceptions about
communication by answering the questions below. Keep your answers in mind and prepare
to share them in our class discussion.
1. Why do people communicate?

2. What might happen to the world if communication does not exist?
3. Why do miscommunications and misunderstandings happen?
What Is Communication?
Many theories have been proposed to describe, predict, and understand the
behaviors and phenomena of which communication consists. When it comes to
communicating in business, we are often less interested in theory than in making sure our
communications generate the desired results. But in order to achieve results, it can be
valuable to understand what communication is and how it works.
Defining Communication
The root of the word “communication” in Latin is communicare, which means to

share, or to make common. Communication is defined as the process of understanding and
sharing meaning.
At the center of our study of communication is the relationship that involves

interaction between participants. This definition serves us well with its emphasis on the
process, which we’ll examine in depth across this text, of coming to understand and share
another’s point of view effectively.
The first key word in this definition is process. A process is a dynamic activity that
is hard to describe because it changes. Imagine you are alone in your kitchen thinking.
Someone you know (say, your mother) enters the kitchen and you talk briefly. What has
changed? Now, imagine that your mother is joined by someone else, someone you haven’t
met before—and these stranger listens intently as you speak, almost as if you were giving a
speech. What has changed? Your perspective might change, and you might watch your
words more closely. The feedback or response from your mother and the stranger (who
are, in essence, your audience) may cause you to reevaluate what you are saying. When
we interact, all these factors—and many more—influence the process of communication.
The second key word is understanding: “To understand is to perceive, to

interpret, and to relate our perception and interpretation to what we already know. If a
friend tells you a story about falling off a bike, what image comes to mind? Now your friend
points out the window and you see a motorcycle lying on the ground. Understanding the
words and the concepts or objects they refer to is an important part of the communication
process.
Next comes the word sharing. Sharing means doing something together with one
or more people. You may share a joint activity, as when you share in compiling a report; or
you may benefit jointly from a resource, as when you and several coworkers share a pizza.
In communication, sharing occurs when you convey thoughts, feelings, ideas, or insights to
others. You can also share with yourself (a process called intrapersonal communication)
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when you bring ideas to consciousness, ponder how you feel about something, or figure
out the solution to a problem and have a classic “Aha!” moment when something becomes
clear.
Finally, meaning is what we share through communication. The word “bike”

represents both a bicycle and a short name for a motorcycle. By looking at the context the
word is used in and by asking questions, we can discover the shared meaning of the word
and understand the message.
Eight Essential Components of Communication
In order to better understand the communication process, we can break it down

into a series of eight essential components. Each of these eight components serves an
integral function in the overall process. Let’s explore them one by one.
Source
The source imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a public speaking

situation, the source is the person giving the speech. He or she conveys the message by
sharing new information with the audience. The speaker also conveys a message through
his or her tone of voice, body language, and choice of clothing. In the other word, the
source may be an author of the book, a public speaker in a special occasion or even a
traffic enforcer.
Message
“The message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or
audience. It is the reason behind any interaction. When you plan to give a speech or write
a report, your message may seem to be only the words you choose that will convey your
meaning. But that is just the beginning. The words are brought together with grammar and
organization. You may choose to save your most important point for last. The message also
consists of the way you say it—in a speech, with your tone of voice, your body language,
and your appearance—and in a report, with your writing style, punctuation, and the
headings and formatting you choose. In addition, part of the message may be the
environment or context you present it in and the noise that might make your message hard
to hear or see.
Channel
“The channel is the way in which a message or messages travel between source

and receiver. For example, think of your television. How many channels do you have on
your television? Each channel takes up some space, even in a digital world, in the cable or
in the signal that brings the message of each channel to your home. Television combines
an audio signal you hear with a visual signal you see. Together they convey the message to
the receiver or audience. Turn off the volume on your television. Can you still understand
what is happening? Many times, you can, because the body language conveys part of the
message of the show. Now turn up the volume but turn around so that you cannot see the
television. You can still hear the dialogue and follow the story line.
Similarly, when you speak or write, you are using a channel to convey your
message. Spoken channels include face-to-face conversations, speeches, telephone
conversations and voice mail messages, radio, public address systems, and voice over
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Internet protocol (VoIP). Written channels include letters, memorandums, purchase orders,
invoices, newspaper and magazine articles, blogs, e-mail, text messages, tweets, and so
forth.
Receiver
“The receiver receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the
message in ways both intended and unintended by the source. To better understand this
component, think of a receiver on a football team. The quarterback throws the football
(message) to a receiver, who must see and interpret where to catch the ball. The
quarterback may intend for the receiver to “catch” his message in one way, but the receiver
may see things differently and miss the football (the intended meaning) altogether.
As a receiver you listen, see, touch, smell, and/or taste to receive a message. Your
audience “sizes you up,” much as you might check them out long before you take the stage
or open your mouth. The nonverbal responses of your listeners can serve as clues on how
to adjust your opening. By imagining yourself in their place, you anticipate what you would
look for if you were them. Just as a quarterback plans where the receiver will be in order to
place the ball correctly, you too can recognize the interaction between source and receiver
in a business communication context. All of this happens at the same time, illustrating why
and how communication is always changing.
Feedback
When you respond to the source, intentionally or unintentionally, you are giving
feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source. Verbal
or nonverbal, all these feedback signals allow the source to see how well, how accurately
(or how poorly and inaccurately) the message was received. Feedback also provides an
opportunity for the receiver or audience to ask for clarification, to agree or disagree, or to
indicate that the source could make the message more interesting. As the amount of
feedback increases, the accuracy of communication also increases.
For example, suppose you are a sales manager participating in a conference call
with four sales reps. As the source, you want to tell the reps to take advantage of the fact
that it is World Series season to close sales on baseball-related sports gear. You state your
message, but you hear no replies from your listeners. You might assume that this means
they understood and agreed with you, but later in the month you might be disappointed to
find that very few sales were made. If you followed up your message with a request for
feedback (“Does, this make sense? Do any of you have any questions?”) you might have an
opportunity to clarify your message, and to find out whether any of the sales reps believed
your suggestion would not work with their customers.
Environment
“The environment is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send

and receive messages. The environment can include the tables, chairs, lighting, and sound
equipment that are in the room. The room itself is an example of the environment. The
environment can also include factors like formal dress that may indicate whether a
discussion is open and caring or more professional and formal. People may be more likely
to have an intimate conversation when they are physically close to each other, and less
likely when they can only see each other from across the room. In that case, they may text
each other, itself an intimate form of communication. The choice to text is influenced by
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the environment. As a speaker, your environment will impact and play a role in your
speech. It’s always a good idea to go check out where you’ll be speaking before the day of
the actual presentation.
Context
“The context of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and

expectations of the individuals involved. A professional communication context may involve
business suits (environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of
language and behavior among the participants.
A presentation or discussion does not take place as an isolated event. When you
came to class, you came from somewhere. So did the person seated next to you, as did the
instructor. The degree to which the environment is formal or informal depends on the
contextual expectations for communication held by the participants. The person sitting next
to you may be used to informal communication with instructors, but this particular
instructor may be used to verbal and nonverbal displays of respect in the academic
environment. You may be used to formal interactions with instructors as well, and find your
classmate’s question of “Hey Teacher, do we have homework today?” as rude and
inconsiderate when they see it as normal. The nonverbal response from the instructor will
certainly give you a clue about how they perceive the interaction, both the word choices
and how they were said.
Context is all about what people expect from each other, and we often create those
expectations out of environmental cues. Traditional gatherings like weddings or
quinceñeras are often formal events. There is a time for quiet social greetings, a time for
silence as the bride walks down the aisle, or the father may have the first dance with his
daughter as she is transformed from a girl to womanhood in the eyes of her community. In
either celebration there may come a time for rambunctious celebration and dancing. You
may be called upon to give a toast and the wedding context will influence your
presentation, timing, and effectiveness.
Interference
Interference, also called noise, can come from any source. “Interference is anything
that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message. For example, if you
drove a car to work or school, chances are you were surrounded by noise. Car horns,
billboards, or perhaps the radio in your car interrupted your thoughts, or your conversation
with a passenger.
Psychological noise is what happens when your thoughts occupy your attention
while you are hearing, or reading, a message. Imagine that it is 4:45 p.m. and your boss,
who is at a meeting in another city, e-mails you asking for last month’s sales figures, an
analysis of current sales projections, and the sales figures from the same month for the
past five years. You may open the e-mail, start to read, and think, “Great—no problem—I
have those figures and that analysis right here in my computer.” You fire off a reply with
last month’s sales figures and the current projections attached. Then, at five o’clock, you
turn off your computer and go home. The next morning, your boss calls on the phone to
tell you he was inconvenienced because you neglected to include the sales figures from the
previous years. What was the problem? Interference: by thinking about how you wanted to
respond to your boss’s message, you prevented yourself from reading attentively enough to
understand the whole message.
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Interference can come from other sources, too. Perhaps you are hungry, and your
attention to your current situation interferes with your ability to listen. Maybe the office is
hot and stuffy. If you were a member of an audience listening to an executive speech, how
could this impact your ability to listen and participate?
Noise interferes with normal encoding and decoding of the message carried by the
channel between source and receiver. Not all noise is bad, but noise interferes with the
communication process. For example, your cell phone ringtone may be a welcome noise to
you, but it may interrupt the communication process in class and bother your classmates.
Two Models of Communication
Researchers have observed that when communication takes place, the source and
the receiver may send messages at the same time, often overlapping. You, as the speaker,
will often play both roles, as source and receiver. You’ll focus on the communication and
the reception of your messages to the audience. The audience will respond in the form of
feedback that will give you important clues. While there are many models of
communication, here we will focus on two that offer perspectives and lessons for business
communicators.
Rather than looking at the source sending a message and someone receiving it as
two distinct acts, researchers often view communication as a transactional process (Figure
1 "Transactional Model of Communication"), with actions often happening at the same time.
The distinction between source and receiver is blurred in conversational turn-taking, for
example, where both participants play both roles simultaneously.
Figure 1 Transactional Model of Communication
Researchers have also examined the idea that we all construct our own
interpretations of the message. As the State Department quote at the beginning of this
chapter indicates, what I said and what you heard may be different. In
the constructivist model (Figure 2 "Constructivist Model of Communication"), we focus on
the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication.
Imagine that you are visiting Atlanta, Georgia, and go to a restaurant for dinner.
When asked if you want a “Coke,” you may reply, “sure.” The waiter may then ask you
again, “what kind?” and you may reply, “Coke is fine.” The waiter then may ask a third
time, “what kind of soft drink would you like?” The misunderstanding in this example is that
in Atlanta, the home of the Coca-Cola Company, most soft drinks are generically referred to
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as “Coke.” When you order a soft drink, you need to specify what type, even if you wish to
order a beverage that is not a cola or not even made by the Coca-Cola Company. To
someone from other regions of the United States, the words “pop,” “soda pop,” or “soda”
may be the familiar way to refer to a soft drink; not necessarily the brand “Coke.” In this
example, both you and the waiter understand the word “Coke,” but you each understand it
to mean something different. In order to communicate, you must each realize what the
term means to the other person, and establish common ground, in order to fully
understand the request and provide an answer.
Figure 2. Constructivist Model of Communication
Because we carry the multiple meanings of words, gestures, and ideas within us, we
can use a dictionary to guide us, but we will still need to negotiate meaning.
The Nine Principles of Effective Communication
Michael Osborn (2009) claims that communication must meet certain standards for
effective communication to take place.
1. Clarity
Clarity makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy language is absolutely forbidden, as are
jargons, cliché expressions, euphemisms, and double speak language.
2. Concreteness
Concreteness reduces misunderstandings. Messages must be supported by facts such
as research data, statistics or figures. To achieve concreteness, abstract words must be
avoided.
3. Courtesy
Courtesy builds goodwill. It involves being polite in terms of approach and manner of
addressing an individual.
4. Correctness
Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of a sentence. Also, the misuse of
language can damage your credibility.
5. Consideration
Messages must be geared towards the audience. The sender of a message must
consider the recipient’s profession, level of education, race, ethnicity, hobbies, interests,
passions, advocacies and age when drafting of delivering a message.
6. Creativity
Creativity in communication means having the ability to craft interesting messages in
terms of sentence structure and word choice.
7. Conciseness
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Simplicity and directness help you to be concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and
words that may confuse the recipient.
8. Cultural Sensitivity
Today, with the increasing emphasis on empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles, and
races and the pursuit for gender equality, cultural sensitivity becomes an important
standard for effective communication.
9. Captivating
You must strive to make messages interesting to command more attention and better
responses.
Ethical Considerations in Communication
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of right and wrong in human
affairs.
Ethical communicators:
1. Respect audience.
2. Consider the result of communication.
3. Value truth.
4. Use information correctly.
5. Do not falsify information.
What I Learned so far…
The communication process involves understanding, sharing, and meaning,

and it consists of eight essential elements: source, message, channel, receiver,
feedback, environment, context, and interference. Among the models of
communication are the transactional process, in which actions happen simultaneously,
and the constructivist model, which focuses on shared meaning.
Activity 1.1 Written Exercises
A. Concretizing
1. List various channels through which personnel of your university connect with
you. Which channel(s) do you find most effective? Why?
2. Through a slogan, state how the knowledge of the communication process
aids people in communicating effectively.
B. Introspecting
In the lesson, I learned that to be an effective and ethnical communicator, I
__________________________________________________________________________.
Mastery Test
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A. Answer the following questions

1. Draw what you think communication looks like. Share your drawing with
interpretation.
2. List three environmental cues and indicate how they influence your
expectations for communication.
3. How does context influence your communication?
4. If you could design the perfect date, what activities, places, and/or
environmental cues would you include to set the mood?
5. Observe two people talking. Describe their communication. See if you can find
all eight components and provide an example for each one.
6. What assumptions are present in transactional model of communication? Find
an example of a model of communication in your workplace or classroom and
provide an example for all eight components.
B. Firming up
1. Illustrate the communication process through a diagram.
2. Identify possible communication blocks in the following situations:
a. A written letter of complaint
b. Interaction between a nurse and a patient in pain
c. Songs with figurative language
Types of
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Communication
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Learning Outcomes:
 Identify the various communication mode and give its advantages and
disadvantages.
 Evaluate the significance of the most commonly used mode of
communication.
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn the various types of communication. Different contexts
would require different modes of communication. For example, communicating long
distance would entail the use of technology. In the year’s past, we use the telephone. Now,
advanced technologies abound to aid us in connecting with other people across the globe.
In this lesson, you will examine the pros and cons of the different types of
communication to help you decide the most appropriate medium or way to communicate.
Knowing the modes would help you optimize your communication skills.
Pre-Test:
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Directions:
Here is an exercise that would help you practice KWL. Go back to the last selection from
the last chapter. Using the worksheet below, accomplish the columns as you go about your
reading.
K W L
What You Know What You Want to Know What Have You Learned
Warming-up
The following images are tools for communication, which image do you think has
contributed much to the purpose of communication? Enumerate its advantages and
disadvantages.
Telephone/audio Twitter/ Facebook
Video conference Face-to-face

interaction
How do you think has communication mode changed or improved over time? What
modes are now being utilized and which were not present before? What are the
advantages and the disadvantages of each mode?
Advantages Disadvantages
Communication Modes
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Refers to the channel through which one hear clear voices and see up close the face
expresses his/her communicative intent. It of someone from a distant place. Other
is the medium through which one conveys application that allow video calls are Viber,
his/her thoughts. Views or feelings can be WhatsApp, Apple FaceTime, and Facebook
communicated through face- to- face Messenger. In formal settings, people can
interaction, video, or audio. The mode will also engage in video conferencing, now a
also be text based. days, this is the most convenient
communication mode for people who are in
1. Face-to-face interaction is the
a distant place, and for those who avoid
most common of all modes. It is an
personal contact to other people. Hence, a
informal or casual
disadvantage is the time zone difference
conversation
between countries, or the internet
between two or
connectivity.
more people,
engaged in social 3. The third mode of communication
conversation to is Audio, the transmitted sound. Thus, in
establish this mode of communication only the voice
relationships or a way of gaining new of the speaker is heard. Ordinarily,
acquaintances or friends. Therefore, someone’s voice is heard trhough the
speaking is the most important telephone or an answering machine when
consideration in building relationship. the other party is not able to answer the
call there would be no communication at
One advantage of a face-to-face
all. Another downside of this mode is no
interaction is that aside from directly
being able to see the body language or
hearing the message you can also note
cues of the person you are talking to.
visual cues through facial expressions,
gestures, movements or even objects o The audio communication mode
realia from the speaker. is quite difficult especially if you are
listening to people with different accent. In
Moreover, Dau Voire suggests: “be
relation to the Wold Englishers paradigm,
brave enough to stat a conversation that
other speakers of English apart from those
matters”. This simple means that even if
who speak it as a native may find it peculiar
the people surrounding you in a social
listening to the accent of Filipinos. Some
event are strangers, you need to be
confident enough to meet new faces and Filipinos are not able to produce the vowel
initiate an interesting conversation. As sound properly and this would be a cause
Margaret J. Wheatley states “All social of communication breakdown.
change begins with conversation.” Indeed,
4. Text-based communication is
this is so especially if that one single and
done through sending emails, facsimile,
simple conversation blossoms into a deeper
text messaging and instant messaging.
contact.
Social networking sites such as Facebook,
2. Video is another mode of Twitter, and Instagram likewise other text-
communication. Web cameras are used so based interaction. The text-based
that two or more people who cannot communication does not originally provide
interact face-to-face can communicate. This video and audio benefits, it has a wider
can be an effective mode of communication reach and can
especially to people separated by distance, disseminate
if there is no technical glitches information to a
encountered. This is when you engaged in bigger audience
conversation a Skype, where you could quickly.
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The last three modes of to hear and / see each other in real time
communication are all virtual in nature. simulating the actual physical setting.
Those engaged in communication are able
Activity 2.1. SWOT Analysis
Directions: Pick out only one mode of communication and evaluate its significance to
communication using the SWOT Analysis, and fill in the graphic organizers with appropriate
ideas
Mode of communication: ___________________________
Favorable Unfavorable
Strengths Weaknesses
Activity 2.2 Video Viewing
Directions: Directions: View a video conference from YouTube “A video conference call in
real life” by Tripp ad Tyler (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMOOG&rWTPg). Answer the
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following questions.
1. What was the topic of the video conference?
2. Who were the participants? Where were they from?
3. How was the flow of the video conference?
4. Were there some technical glitches encountered?
5. After viewing the sample video conference, what do you think are some of the constraints
of the communication mode?
Activity 2.3 Advocacy Video
Directions: Create a 3-minute Advocacy Video on the present pandemic. Share research-
based ideas on the spread of the virus and how can you be a help to prevent yourself and
others from being infected.
Activity 2.4 Written Exercises
Directions: Write a two-paragraph reflection with things you have understood and realized
from this topic.
What I Learned so far…
1. The various modes of communication are face-to-face, video, and text based.
2. Videos are used to connect two or more people who cannot interact face-to-face.
3. The audio mode of communication is limited to hearing the speakers voice only,
text-based communication is limited only to what is being printed. However, the
letter has the wider reach and is able to disseminate information to a larger group
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of audience.
Mastery Test
Read each question and choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. What does the word ‘mode’ mean in the phrase ‘modes’ of communication?
a. How something is done or experienced?
b. A statistical term which relates to how many times a number occurs in a
sequence
c. A new fashion
d. A new type of thing that was taken from something else.
2. What is an example of an Interpersonal communication?
a. giving a speech
b. writing a book for someone on a specific audience
c. reading a favourite author writes
d. reading what a favourite author writes
3. Which of this should not be avoided for effective communication?
a. Noise
b. Planning
c. Semantic problems
d. Wrong assumptions
4. When is the communication process complete?
a. When the sender transmits the message
b. when the message enters the channel
c. when the message leaves the channel
d. when the receiver understands the message
5. What should not be avoided when you are attending a social gatherings?
a. do not dwell on topics with never ending in nature
b. do not discuss politics and religion since they are very sensitive issues
c. start a conversation on how you feel and experience for the moment
d. dont hold a conversation at social event
Communication and
Lesson 3
Technology
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Learning Outcomes:
 Identify the positive and negative dimensions in the use of
communication technology;
 Demonstrate knowledge about the impact of social media in Asia and
the rest of the world during a crisis; and
 Deliver a message for a variety of audiences using various technology
tools.
Introduction
Modes of communication have evolved in the advancement of technology. In the

past, these modes are limited to messages thru handwritten, typewritten, short telegrams,
landline facsimile/ telephone, and audio/video recording (Madrunio and Martin, 2018).
As the demand arises to adopt in the global setting, technology has changed the
means of communication. It has made the world smaller through swift expanse in the
internet connectivity. This advancement in technology thus created borderless, easier and
faster forms of communication.
Look at the clippings below which display the new normal happening around the globe. For
each question, give your response on the space provided.
Question 1: What ideas being portrayed in the use of technology?

Question 2: Do the clippings present positive or negative ideas about technology? How?
Clipping 1 Answer:
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Activity 3.1 Comprehension Guide
Directions: The article about Communication and Social Media provided relevant information
about the connection between communication and technology through social media in the
preservation of humanity. Sharpen your understanding of the text by answering the following
questions.
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Activity 3.2 Share it!
Imagine that you were left alone in a remote place under Modified General Community
Quarantine. You can roam around a little but not beyond boundaries of your province. You
would like to express your thoughts and feelings about your situation. Share them using the
following forms of communication.
Form 1: A handwritten letter to your parents.

Form 2: An e-mail message to your teacher.
Form 3: A public Facebook post to your friends
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Form 4: A text message (SMS) to your loved one (husband, child or

other relatives)
Mastery Test
Read each question and choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Critical Collaborat
Thinking ion
Self-
Direction
Resources
ABS-CBN News (2019). Filipinos still world's top social media user – study. Retrieved from
aspects. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Cabalquinto, E.C. (2018). Ambivalent Intimacies: Entangled Pains and Gains Through
Facebook Use in Transnational Family Life. Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds
Campus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97607-5_15.
Caroy A. et.al, (2018). Purposive Communication-OBE - & PPST – Based. Published by
LORIMAR Publishing INC. copyright 2018.
Dale Carnegie, author of the classic How to Win Friends and Influence People, may have
been one of the greatest communicators of the twentieth-century business world. The
Dale Carnegie Institute focuses on giving people in business the opportunity to sharpen
their skills and improve their performance in order to build positive, steady, and
profitable results. http://www.dalecarnegie.com
Critical Collaborat
Thinking ion
Self-
Direction
Digital 2019: The Philippines. Retrieve from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-

philippines
Explore the Web site of the National Communication Association, the largest U.S.
organization dedicated to communication. http://www.natcom.org
Hootsuite (2019). Social Media Trends Report 2019. Retrieved from
https://hootsuite.com/resources/social-media-trends-report-2019
https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/01/31/19/filipinos-still-worlds-top-social-media-user-
study
Madrunio M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual
Contexts. C & E Publishing, Inc.
Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL) provides a wealth of resources for writing
projects. http://owl.english.purdue.edu
Read The National Commission on Writing’s findings about the importance of
communication skills in business.
http://www.writingcommission.org/pr/writing_for_employ.html
Siddiqui, S. and Singh, T. (2016). Social media its impact with positive and negative
The International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) is a global network of
communication professionals committed to improving organizational effectiveness
through strategic communication. http://www.iabc.com
The National Association of Colleges and Employers offers news about employment
prospects for college graduates. http://www.naceweb.org
To communicate ethically, check your facts. FactCheck is a nonpartisan project of the
Annenberg Center for Public Policy at the University of Pennsylvania.
http://www.factcheck.org
To communicate ethically, check your facts. PolitiFact is a nonpartisan project of the St.
Petersburg Times; it won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009. http://www.politifact.com
Volume 5– Issue 2, 71 - 75, 2016, ISSN: - 2319–8656.
Xiao, Y. and Fan, Z. (2019) . 10 Technology Trends to watch in the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Digital Trade, World Economic Forum. Retrieve from https://www.weforum.org/agenda
/ 2020/04/ 10-technology-trends-coronavirus-covid19-pandemic-robotics-telehealth/

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P U R P O S I V E C O M M U N I C AT I O N

Just relax and enjoy while learning!

1. Why do people communicate?

The root of the word “communication” in Latin is communicare, which means to

At the center of our study of communication is the relationship that involves

The second key word is understanding: “To understand is to perceive, to

Finally, meaning is what we share through communication. The word “bike”

Eight Essential Components of Communication

In order to better understand the communication process, we can break it down

The source imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a public speaking

“The channel is the way in which a message or messages travel between source

“The environment is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send

“The context of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and

Two Models of Communication

Figure 1 Transactional Model of Communication

Figure 2. Constructivist Model of Communication

The Nine Principles of Effective Communication

Ethical Considerations in Communication

What I Learned so far…

The communication process involves understanding, sharing, and meaning,

Activity 1.1 Written Exercises

A. Answer the following questions

Telephone/audio Twitter/ Facebook

Video conference Face-to-face

Activity 2.1. SWOT Analysis

Mode of communication: ___________________________

Activity 2.2 Video Viewing

1. What was the topic of the video conference?

2. Who were the participants? Where were they from?

3. How was the flow of the video conference?

4. Were there some technical glitches encountered?

Activity 2.3 Advocacy Video

Activity 2.4 Written Exercises

What I Learned so far…

Modes of communication have evolved in the advancement of technology. In the

Question 1: What ideas being portrayed in the use of technology?

Activity 3.1 Comprehension Guide

Activity 3.2 Share it!

Form 1: A handwritten letter to your parents.

Form 4: A text message (SMS) to your loved one (husband, child or

Digital 2019: The Philippines. Retrieve from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-

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