Relationship Between Sleep and Academic Performance of

Senior High School Students in Tagum Doctors

College Inc. Amidst the Pandemic

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty and Research Committee
Tagum Doctors College Inc.
Tagum City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Research Capstone
(Senior High School Department)

Aquino, Michael Andrei V.

Fernando, Abby Shane
Raymundo, Rikki Shae Anne Y.
Singh, Joshua S.

May 2022
 TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Tagum City

APPROVAL SHEET

This RESEARCH entitled “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
OF TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE AMIDST THE PANDEMIC,” prepared and
submitted by RIKKI SHAE ANNE Y. RAYMUNDO, ABBY SHANE
FERNANDO, MICHAEL ANDREI V. AQUINO and JOSHUA S. SINGH in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject RESEARCH CAPSTONE
of Senior High School Department, has been examined and hereby endorsed.

ANNA R. HUNDIS, LPT, MAEd

Adviser
______________________________________________________________
APPROVED by the Research Committee on the Oral Examination with the
grade of _________.

Chairman

Member Member

_____________________________________________________________
ACCEPTED AND APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
subject CAPSTONE of Senior High School Department.

DR. PURIFICACION S. YAMBAO

SHS Principal
 3

ABSTRACT

The study dealt with the relationship between sleep and the students’ academic
performance. The primary goal of the study was to determine if sleep had any
significant relationship with the academic performance of the senior high school
students of Tagum Doctors College Inc (TDCI). This study utilized a non-
experimental, correlational design by having the researchers investigate the
relationship between the two variables without control or manipulation
(Bhandari, 2022). A researcher-made questionnaire was used and distributed
to the respondents as were identified through stratified random sampling. The
Mean scores and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was the statistical tools
used for the data treatment. The result of the study revealed that the mean level
of sleep in terms of noise, light, temperature, and bed/room sharing is high.
Along with that, the level of academic performance of the respondents in terms
of 1st semester GPA was also found to be outstanding. The correlation result is
marked at 0.424, which is greater than 0.05. So, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Hence, there is no significant relationship between the two variables. The study
recommended the following: (1) students should still try to attain 7-8 hours of
sleep to avoid health problems that could otherwise affect academic
performance; (2) future researchers may have further assessment for other
variables to be paired; and (3) test this study in a different locale, specifically in
another department of the school.

Keywords: Sleep, academic performance, senior high school students,

Philippines
 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers duly recognizes that the success of this research

required a lot of help from various individuals. Without them, the researchers

would have never completed this research study. Thus, the researchers would

like to give gratitude to the following people for their help and support:

First and foremost, to God, the Almighty, for His innumerable blessings,

guidance, and gift of strength that played a vital role in helping us surpass any

challenges that came during the whole research process.

To our Senior High School Principal, Dr. Purificacion S. Yambao, for

giving us words of encouragement and for giving us the opportunity to conduct

this study.

To our research advisers—Mrs. Anna R. Hundis, LPT, MAEd, and Mr.

Ricky C. Tadle, LPT—for giving us invaluable guidance throughout the study.

Their kindness, patience, vision, and motivation have deeply inspired us to

carry on and finish our work. The knowledge, insights, and attention to detail

they have bestowed upon us was one of the things that really helped us

complete the study successfully. It was a great privilege and honor to have work

and to have been mentored by them.

To our research respondents, for giving us and our research a few

moments of your most valuable time. We couldn’t have finished this paper

without your inputs. Indeed, we are grateful.

To our statistician, Mr. William G. Ganzon Jr., LPT, for his indulgency

in helping us in our research by making sure that our instruments were good

for applicability, and by constructing the data statistics of our data collection
 5

processes. The completion of the data analysis would not have been

accomplished without his assistance and support.

To the chairperson of the panel committee, for sharing with us her

intellectual expertise and most valuable insights that helped improve our

research to the highest standard.

To the respected members of the panel committee, for their perceptive

comments, suggestions, and constructive criticisms that also contributed to the

accomplishment of this study.

Lastly, it is with true pleasure that we acknowledge our beloved friends

and family for their physical, mental, emotional, and financial support in the

pursuit of our study. It was with great comfort and relief that they were by our

sides while we completed our work. We give our heartfelt thanks.

- The Researchers
 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypothesis 4

Review of Related Literature 4

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 13

Significance of the Study 16

Definition of Terms 17

2 METHODS 20

Research Design 20

Research Respondents 21

Research Instruments 24

Data Gathering Procedure 27

Statistical Treatment of Data 28

Ethical Considerations 28
 7

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31

Summary of the Extent of Sleep 31

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Noise 34

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Light 36

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Temperature 38

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Bed/room Sharing 40

Level of Academic Performance 42

Significant Relationship between Sleep and 44

Academic Performance

4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 46

Summary of Findings 46

Conclusions 47

Recommendations 47

REFERENCES 49

APPENDICES

A. Letter of Permission to the Principal 57

B. Letter of Request for Class List to the Advisers 58

C. Letter of Request for Grades to the Advisers 59

D. Letter of Request to the Validators 60

E. Researcher-made Questionnaire 61

F. Summary of Validation Tool 65

G. Letter of Permission to the Pilot Testing Respondents 66

H. Certification on Pilot Testing and Reliability Test 68

I. Letter of Permission to the Respondents 69

J. Informed Assents 71
 8

K. Certification on Data Analysis 76

L. Raw Data 77

CURRICULUM VITAE 82
 9

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Number of respondents per Section and Grade Level 22

2 Parameter Limits for the Independent Variable 25

3 Parameter Limits for the Dependent Variable 26

4 Summary of the Extent of Sleep 33

5 Extent of Sleep in terms of Noise 35

6 Extent of Sleep in terms of Light 37

7 Extent of Sleep in terms of Temperature 39

8 Extent of Sleep in terms of Bed/Room Sharing 41

9 Level of Academic Performance 43

10 Significant Relationship between Sleep and 45

Academic Performance
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 15

2.1 Map of the Philippines 23

2.2 Map of Mindanao 23

2.3 Map of Tagum City 23

2.4 Map of Brgy. Visayan Village 23

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Sleep is an important part of everyone’s life. It is pivotal to human health

and life as it allows the human body and mind to recharge from hours of energy

use in carrying out daily activities. It has been observed, however, that due to

several factors such as work and stress, the need to sleep for 8-10 hours a day

is disturbed and is no longer accomplished. Students, in particular, often

neglect sleep mainly for academic reasons. Some stay up late to study for an

upcoming test, while some stay up to work and to finish pending tasks and

assignments.

In the study of Abdullah, R. G. et. al. in 2020 entitled “The Effect of Sleep

Duration and Habits on Academic Performance of Pharmacy Students,” 169

first-year to fifth-year pharmacy students from Duhok University, Iraq were

interviewed. Among them, 109 students (64.5%) reported only having 6 hours

of sleep or less at night in a typical school week. The majority of the

respondents (89.3%) also reported getting only 6 hours of sleep the night before

their examinations. The results of their study indicated that most pharmacy

students slept less than the suggested 7 hours of sleep during ordinary school

nights, and most especially on examination nights. It was also found that the

length of sleep before the test is positively correlated to academic progress.

 2

Meanwhile in the study of Sygaco, K. P. (2021) in Silliman University,

Philippines entitled “The Correlation of Sleep and Academic Performance,” 50

Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and Mathematics (STEAM)

Senior High School (SHS) students were selected to be the respondents of the

study. The respondents reported that they occasionally lack 1 to 2 hours of

sleep from the suggested average of 8 to 10 hours of sleep. The results of the

study showed that there is enough evidence to suggest that the average hours

of sleep for SHS STEAM students was not 9 hours which indicates that the

students were, in fact, sleep deprived. However, in contrast to Abdullah, R.G.

et. al. 's findings, the result of Sygaco’s study indicated that there is a lack of

correlation of sleep and general average.

Concurrently, in the study of Perez, Z. C. et. al., (2019) in Central

Mindanao University entitled “Sleep is for the Weak: Impact on Academic

Performance,” 15 first-year veterinary medicine students were chosen as

respondents of the study. They were tasked to answer a survey questionnaire

and they were also invited to join an informal interview. From the data collection

processes, the researchers of the study found that 60% of the respondents

slept late and did not have enough hours of sleep. However, only 33.37% of the

respondents were kept up by academic reasons. The remaining 66.67% were

sleeping late due to recreational activities such as surfing the internet, reading

novels, and chatting with friends. Regardless, all of the respondents agreed

that sleeping late really affects their focus during discussions, which then

affects their performance in class.

 3

The existing studies about this research topic had different results which

sparked the researchers’ interest to test the study in a different locale with

respondents that are currently under distance learning due to the COVID-19

pandemic. The study has a significant impact on the community, particularly on

students, for the study will identify if sleep has significant or insignificant

relationship with their academic performance particularly their Grade Point

Average (GPA). Furthermore, the study is adequately needed as the students

are in need of a strategy to improve their academic performance as the closure

of schools and other educational institutions due to COVID-19 pandemic has

negatively affected student academic performance as well as student academic

achievement (Dreisörner, T., et. al., 2021).

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of the study is to identify the relationship between

sleep and academic performance of the senior high school students of Tagum

Doctors College Inc.(TDCI).

Specifically the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent of sleep in terms of:

1.1 Noise;

1.2 Light;

1.3 Temperature; and

1.4 Bed/Room Sharing

 4

2. What is the level of academic performance of students in terms of:

2.1 Grade Point Average (GPA)?

3. Is there a significant relationship between sleep and student academic

performance?

Hypothesis

The null hypothesis of the study will be tested at 0.05 level of

significance.

1. There is no significant relationship between sleep and student academic

performance

Literature Review

Presented in this section are the related literature and studies gathered

from a variety of sources such as articles, books, journals, magazines,

newspapers and others which were found relevant and significant to the present

study. These studies are sighted to provide insights and a deeper sense of

understanding on the present investigation.

Sleep

Sleep is a physiological behavior that is necessary for all living things to

survive (Mandal, 2020). A condition in which the body is resting and the mind

is unconscious, which normally lasts many hours per night. When sleeping, the

eyes are closed, the postural muscles are relaxed, the brain activity is altered,

and awareness of the surroundings is practically suspended (Cambridge

Dictionary, 2022).
 5

According to the National Sleep Foundation, high school adolescents

(ages 14-17) require around eight to ten hours of sleep every night. Young

adults (ages 18 to 25) require between seven and nine hours of sleep (Suni,

2021). Students should strive to sleep for the recommended amount of time to

improve their long-term mental and physical health. Students can do better in

their academics as a result of this. A good night's sleep not only improves

cognitive performance but also recovers energy and improves focus and

attention span (Bertels, 2018).

Lobiondo (2019) stated that according to the Journal of Clinical Sleep

Medicine, over 72 percent of college students are sleep deprived. It might seem

hard to obtain a full night's sleep while balancing homework, studying, classes,

sports, clubs, and jobs. Due to their tight schedules and hefty workloads, many

are sacrificing sleep.

According to Hangouche et al. (2018), poor quality sleep and excessive

daytime drowsiness are becoming more widely recognized as symptoms that

must be identified and handled early due to their widespread prevalence in the

general population, as well as their numerous and possibly fatal consequences.

Excessive daytime drowsiness is defined as uncontrollable dozing off and

sleepiness during the day, resulting in an inability to remain attentive while

performing daily activities.It can be caused by poor sleep quality and can have

a direct impact on an individual’s behavior and job performance. Poor sleep

quality is linked to higher risk of burnout, anxiety, psychoactive substance use,

and depression.
 6

Maheshwari and Shaukat (2019) stated that having sufficient sleep is

essential for improving cognitive abilities, particularly in memory retention. It

improves memory processing, executive cognitive functions, sensorimotor

integration, and concentration. The students’ physical and cognitive health, as

well as their academic performance are impacted by poor night time sleep

quality and the resulting daytime drowsiness. It is essential to have sufficient

sleep to refresh the students everyday and aid them in learning and improving

memory processing.

Nakasone (2021) pointed out poor sleep as a result of the COVID-19

lockdown is another barrier for students trying to practice good sleep hygiene

and achieve academic success. Surprisingly, after the pandemic-induced

lockdown, 98 percent of people are getting new problems with sleep. A big

percentage of these people, particularly millennials and Generation Z have

reported having disrupted sleep patterns. A significant shift in lifestyle caused

by the pandemic is a large stressor, the general public is likely to acquire mental

health and sleep difficulties as a result of COVID-19's effects (Alimoradi et al.,

2021). Sadeeh et al. (2021) showed the percentage of respondents with poor

sleep quality was 76% (males: 71.5% and females: 77.8%) as expected, the

extended quarantine harmed the sleep quality of three-quarters of the subjects.

Noise. Noise has a profound impact on sleep quality. When we are

exposed to too much noise while sleeping, it has immediate reactions, which

can lead to short-term problems the next day and long-term mental and physical

effects (Fry, 2021). Chronically, hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol may

be triggered in response to noise as well as increased heart rate and blood

 7

pressure. Noises can disturb a person slightly and disrupt sleep cycles, even if

a person doesn't wake up fully (Ehrenfeld, 2021; Fry, 2021).

Similarly, students experience a variety of problems that might

negatively impact their sleep quality. Noise and the diverse behaviors of their

housemates may be issues in their sleeping environment (Qin and Brown,

2017). There are numerous potential sources of sleep-disturbing sounds,

including household items such as appliances, televisions, dogs, and other

people, as well as external sounds such as storms, traffic, and city noise

(Osmun, 2021). Thus, background noise can have a substantial influence on

human and animal health. Noise pollution can cause increased stress, sleep

disturbances, and hearing loss, among other things (Millar, 2020).

Moreover, excessive noise exposure can lead to a variety of health

complications, notably anxiety, poor attention, decreased productivity at work,

and speech difficulties (Norris, 2016). Because of the occurrence of sleep

inadequacy caused by external noise at night, it is likely to have a negative

impact on all physiological systems (Astin et al., 2020).

As cited by Nzilano (2018), External noise doesn’t only disturb a good

quality of sleep. Children at schools with background noise exposure, for

example, are believed to be distracted while concentrating better in class than

those in schools with limited kinds of noise pollution. Students at silent schools,

on the other hand, scored higher because their learning and teaching

experiences were less disturbed.

Light. Light is necessary for both visual performance and safety, as well

as for the regulation of human physiological systems (Osibona et al., 2021).

 8

People can be more productive when they are exposed to artificial light

(Benisek, 2021). However, Davey (2021) mentioned that artificial light, on the

other hand, has been linked to an increased risk of sleep difficulties, obesity,

depression, metabolic disorders, and even breast cancer when used at night.

In addition, the excessive use of lights during the night will continue to produce

plenty of environmental, human health, and cultural concerns (Davies and

Smyth, 2017).

Sleeping with any lights on is said to make it difficult to get a decent

sleep. As a result, not obtaining enough good sleep can have a variety of

negative health repercussions. Human bodies respond to brightness, and this

has an impact on the quality of our sleep. The color of the bedroom lighting may

have an impact on how long and well people sleep. Streetlamps, televisions,

and the blue light created by our electronic gadgets, such as telephones,

computers, and tablets, are all sources of light. Being exposed to such light can

interfere with sleep. (Cherney, 2019; Gupta, 2019).

Exposure to all shades of light contributes to the regulation of your

circadian rhythm or natural sleep-wake cycle. There are a number of lighting

variables that might affect sleep. Maximum light levels (measured in lux, a unit

of intensity of light) were shown to restrict melatonin, a hormone that provides

the body's internal biological signal of darkness. Blue light, for example, has a

short wavelength and is emitted by a large number of LEDs. It has a

substantially bigger influence on melatonin and circadian rhythm. (Conroy,

2016; Salamon, 2020; Suni, 2020).

 9

Temperature. The bedroom's temperature can have a big impact on

how well people sleep. The ideal temperature while sleeping in a room is

around 65°F (18.3°C). Most doctors suggest having the thermostat set between

60 and 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15.6 and 19.4 degrees Celsius) for the comfiest

sleep (Pacheco, 2020).

A too cold or too hot bedroom can disrupt or extend the sleep, with REM

sleep being the most affected. The brain cycles between REM (rapid eye

movement) and non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep during sleep. The

transition between these phases happens in about 90-minute intervals (Tollsen,

2022). Cronkleton (2021) pointed out the influence of a cool environment on

circadian rhythms, which control internal functions including core body

temperature and the sleep-wake cycle, to help people achieve better sleep. On

the other hand, Lauriello (2019) mentioned that a warmer resting environment

can cause poor sleep by interfering with circadian temperature control by

preventing the body from lowering its internal thermostat.

At a deeper level, our internal body temperature and how sleepy we feel

at any given time have a relationship. The temperature of the body drops once

asleep, so a cool, but not freezing, atmosphere will help you fall asleep and

stay asleep all night (Baker, 2019). Tsuzuki et al. (2017) concluded that during

sleep, the human body is sensitive to any air temperature. In regards to

sleeping air temperature, there are two major research concerns, one is to

establish a sleeping-mode management strategy for the air conditioner in the

bedroom, in order to achieve a little gain or avoid a drop in room air temperature

as dawn approaches. Another option is to use local heating, cooling, and/or

ventilation systems to efficiently control bed micro-environment energy.

 10

Bed/Room Sharing. Sharing a bed or similar sleeping surface is a

prevalent practice in many nations, and it's commonly thought to help with sleep

issues and foster family bonding (Covington et al., 2019). In this respect, Bowen

(2018) added that co-sleeping strengthens parent-child bonds, demonstrates

that it is a natural part of our humanity, and promotes a baby's sleep and overall

well-being.

Batisto (2021) mentioned that the University of Maryland School of

Medicine has found children who already have sleep or anxiety disorders may

find co-sleeping to worsen their symptoms. Further, mothers who shared a bed

with children who regularly woke up or moved around at night lost an average

of 51 minutes of sleep each night and reported higher levels of stress,

frustration, and sadness. Moreover, Covington et al., (2019) stated that multiple

unfavorable consequences have been linked to bed-sharing, including baby

and child sleep issues, parental distress, more night sleep disturbances, and

decreased overnight sleep. Children who sleep alone rather than with a parent

get more sleep, have very few late evening awakenings, have less difficulty at

bedtime, fall asleep faster, and are perceived to have fewer sleep problems.

Despite this, many toddler parents believe that sharing a bed is the greatest

sleeping arrangement for their family.

Consequently, room-sharing has a direct impact on sleep (both yours

and your baby's); whether those impacts are positive or negative (in terms of

sleep) depends on the family. Some families believe that sharing a room

improves everyone's sleep, while others find the opposite to be true (DeJeu,

2022). Over a lengthy period of time, Bowen (2018) specified bed-sharing

children and their parents discovered that families that practiced this sort of co-
 11

sleeping have been less rested and more awake during the night. The infants

and mothers were found to be more prone to waking up or sleeping lightly.

Additionally, sleep hygiene tactics like a peaceful sleeping environment or not

working in one’s bedroom pose a challenge for those living in the dorms

(Nakasone, 2021).

Academic Performance

Academic performance, according to Narad and Abdullah (2016), refers

to the gaining of information that is evaluated by a teacher through grades. It

refers to a student's, teacher's, or institution's achievement of an educational

goal over a period of time, as assessed by examinations or ongoing

assessments. In this respect, a variety of factors influenced academic

performance, including socioeconomic position, student temperament,

motivation, peer and family support (Masud et al., 2019; Dogan, 2017).

Moreover, academic performance can be influenced by sleep. Students

who sleep more consistently perform better academically (Hershner, 2020).

Interestingly, not only did the quantity of sleep matter but so did the quality.

Those who got reasonably constant amounts of sleep each night, for example,

performed better academically. When it comes to student success in school,

sleep consistency appears to be just as crucial as sleep duration and quality

(Ducharme, 2019; Chandler, 2019).

Spitzer and Musslick (2021) stated that the suspension of schools in

reaction to COVID-19's rapid evolution poses a risk to young child's schooling,

including a developing education gap. As a result, online learning or often

known as remote learning has been changing the face of education (Cellini,
 12

2021). Even so, Clark et al. (2020) claimed that students from a school who

had access to recorded online classes offered by higher-quality external

teachers made better improvements in academic results than students who had

access to recorded lessons delivered by teachers in their own school. Students

that use a computer for online education make better progress academically.

The academic accomplishment of students is one of the most significant

markers of teaching efficacy, and it may be impacted by a variety of factors

such as learning techniques and individual motivations (Nabizadeh et al.,

2019). Similarly, Razak et al. (2019) suggested few tactics or ideas, such as

educators needing to develop more ideas for teaching processes, institutions

needing to care for students' needs connected to their learning processes, and

greater concern for impoverished students in order to assist them to improve

their academic performance. Likewise, Brew (2021) found out other factors

such as the educational level and income of students' parents, textbook

availability and accessibility, library, practical laboratories, meals provided, and

teachers have a significant impact on youths' academic performance. To this

end, students were far more engaged and learning outcomes increased when

the instructor employed active learning strategies as the key to improving

academic performance (Polirstok, 2017; Patel, 2021).

Grade Point Average (GPA). The student's grade point average (GPA)

is the sum of all of his or her grades obtained throughout his or her academic

career. It is a global grading system for university admissions that are assessed

in numbers and alphabets on a varied scale in different nations (Kumari, 2021).

Moreover, a grade point average (GPA) is a single number that sums up all of

your academic achievements and is used by high schools, colleges, and

 13

graduate schools all around the world. In schools, GPA is determined by

translating letter grades to a numerical scale of 0.0 to 4.0. (Ngo, 2021).

As cited by Keaggy (2021), the students who reported the most stable,

regular sleep habits had an average GPA of 3.66, whereas those who reported

the most variable sleep received an average GPA of 3.21. Regular sleep

patterns were also associated with higher levels of wellness among students.

However, the poor sleeping habits of students can be correlated with lower

GPAs. Students that slept an average of 6 and a half hours had 50% worse

overall course grades than those who slept an hour longer. Similarly, Individuals

with a half-hour more night-to-night change in total sleep time obtained 45%

lower marks (Segaren, 2018; Chandler, 2019).

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

It is stated that sleep is particularly crucial for brain development and

memory retention, according to the developmental or brain plasticity theory of

sleep. This theory claims that sleep is a critical time for brain and nervous

system development. According to the theory, information processed that day

is consolidated, processed, and stored during sleep (Antczak, 2020). Noise,

light, temperature, and bed/room sharing are all factors that might affect a

student's sleep quality. The more variables a student has to deal with during

the night, the less likely they are to be able to get a good night's sleep before

class the next day, which could affect their ability to concentrate and pay

attention, as well as their overall grade point average, which is a direct indicator

of academic performance (Raley & Naber et, al., 2016). This theory is relevant
 14

to the topic since sleep is a major component that can affect or benefit a

student’s academic performance.

According to the restoration theory, sleep is necessary to restore any

physiological processes that have been disrupted by daytime activity. The

body's homeostatic balance is restored by sleeping. NREM sleep is said to

repair biological systems that have deteriorated during the day, while REM

sleep is said to be important for brain repair through stimulating protein

production (Oswald, 1980). This idea is pertinent to the topic because it claims

that sleep plays a critical role in repairing physiological processes that have

been disrupted, which can have an impact on a student's academic

performance.

To support, according to the information consolidation theory of sleep,

sleep is a time when the body rests, the mind relaxes, and the brain prepares

for the next day by allowing the body to relax and process the knowledge that

has been collected over the previous day (Prasad & Gireesh, 2018). This theory

supports the brain plasticity theory of sleep as they both exhibit similar claims

that sleep is important in processing information and knowledge.

The PC Model (Predictor-Criterion Model) was used and utilized in this

paradigm since it relates and assesses the influence between two or more

variables. Studies that focus on relationships, associations, differences, and

impacts will benefit from this model (Cristobal & Dela Cruz-Cristobal, 2017).

The two variables in this research being, sleep as the independent variable and

academic performance as the dependent variable.

15
 16

Significance of the Study

The outcome of the study conducted will be favorable to the following:

Future Researchers. The future researchers will benefit from the study

in a way that the study will serve as their guide in their attempt to recreate the

study in a different locale and on a different set of respondents. To add, the

study will also be beneficial to the future researchers as it can be used as an

additional reference as they conduct further assessment with other variables

paired.

Students. The study will benefit the students in a way that it will provide

information as to whether sleep has a significant or insignificant relationship

with their academic performance.

Teachers. The study will also be beneficial to teachers as it will provide

a new perspective in giving assignments, tasks, and projects. Additionally, the

study will provide an understanding of how sleep can positively or negatively

impact their students’ academic performance.

School Administration. The study conducted can also give benefit to

school administrations as the study can give an understanding of how sleep

can hinder or improve their students’ academic performance. Through this,

school administrations can be guided in creating and implementing strategies

to lessen, and if possible, eliminate sleep deprivation among students to

enhance academic performance and achievement.

Department of Education. The Department of Education will also

benefit in the outcome of the study as it can provide insights that can aid them
 17

in formulating, implementing, and coordinating policies, plans, programs and

projects that can help their students improve their academic performance, as

well as their learning experience through better sleep quality and duration.

Definition of Terms

Sleep. Sleep is a state in which one's awareness of external stimuli is

diminished. It consumes around a third of a person's life span. Sleep's specific

roles are unknown, but it appears to be critical for survival, as prolonged sleep

deprivation causes significant physical impairment, cognitive loss, and

eventually death. It's a condition in which you are less conscious of external

stimuli (Mandal, 2020). In this study, sleep refers to the sleep hygiene of senior

high school students in Tagum Doctors College.

Noise. Sleep disturbance is a major component of noise-related

irritation, and noise is one of the most common causes of sleep disruption.

Noise can cause a sleeper to wake up frequently and report poor sleep quality

the next day, but it can also elicit reactions that the person is unaware of.

Variations in sleep stages, increased bodily movements during the night,

changes in heart rate, and mood changes are all examples of these reactions,

which all lead to decreased work performance or productivity (Capetown.gov,

2016).

Light. The amount of light that enters our eyes is crucial in assisting our

brain in determining when we should be awake and when we should be asleep.

Because light serves as an external trigger for internal clock control, the SCN

is extremely sensitive to light exposure. Our internal clock is disrupted when we

are exposed to artificial light. When the SCN is exposed to light, it initiates a
 18

signaling pathway that results in a decrease in melatonin, the hormone that

controls our sleep-wake cycle. Daytime drowsiness and sleep disruptions are

caused by melatonin deficiency (Tracy, 2020).

Temperature. Not only does body temperature influence sleep onset,

but also sleep quality and the amount of time spent in various sleep stages. A

decrease in restorative slow-wave sleep and subjective sleep quality has been

linked to a rise in core body temperature. Similarly, a larger temperature

difference between the core and extremities has been linked to poorer sleep

efficiency and a higher risk of waking up after falling asleep, indicating that the

body is not properly moving heat away from the core (Pacheco, 2021).

Bed/Room Sharing. The act or practice of sleeping in the same bed as

another person; specifically, the act or practice of sharing a bed with a family

member from another generation, particularly a mother and infant (Lexico,

2016).

Academic Performance. Academic performance refers to the level of

knowledge obtained and measured by teacher-assigned grades. Academic

performance, in the context of education, refers to a student's, teacher's, or

institution's achievement of an educational goal over a period of time, as

measured by examinations or ongoing assessments, and the goal may vary

from one individual or institution to another. Academic performance is the result

of education, indicating how well a student, educator, or institution has met their

educational objectives (Narad & Abdullah, 2016). In this study, academic

performance refers to the Grade Point Average (GPA) of the senior high school

students of Tagum Doctors College.

 19

Grade Point Average. The Grade Point Average, or GPA, is a figure

that represents how well or how high a student performed on average in

classes. It is used to assess a student's academic performance and determine

if they received high or low overall marks. This figure is then used to determine

if they meet the degree program's or university's criteria and expectations

(Potter, 2022).
 Chapter 2

METHODS

Presented in this chapter are the discussions on the research design,

place of the study, participants of the study, research instruments, validity of

research instruments, data collection, data analysis, and ethical considerations

of the study.

Research Design

The study is quantitative in nature as the questions posed were

answered with numerical data. Specifically, the investigation utilized a non-

experimental, correlational research design. A non-experimental research is a

type of research that lacks the manipulation of independent variables by the

researchers (Chiang et. al., 2017). In non-experimental research, phenomena

and scenarios are described simply as they stand, and relationships between

two or more variables are established all without the interference of the

researchers (Statistics Solutions, 2018). There are many types of non-

experimental research, one of which is the research design being utilized in the

study: correlational research.

According to Bhandari (2022), a correlational research design

investigates relationships among variables without the controlling or the

manipulating of the researchers. There are three different types of correlational

research outputs: positive correlation, which indicates that as one variable

increases, the other variable also increases; negative correlation, which

 21

explains that as one variable increases, the other one decreases; and zero

correlation, which manifests that a change in one variable will not cause any

changes in the other variable (Voxco, 2021).

The researchers used non-experimental, correlational research design

to effectively achieve the objectives of the study which is to identify the

relationship between sleep and the academic performance of senior high

school students of Tagum Doctors College Inc. With the correlational research

approach, the researchers are allowed to investigate and to find out if the two

variables are related, and if so, in what way.

Research Respondents

The researchers chose the Senior High School (SHS) students of Tagum

Doctors College Inc. (TDCI) as the respondents of the study. This was practical

to them since they belong to the same institution and the same department.

Through this, the researchers would have zero difficulties in communicating

with their respondents and would save time, money, energy, and effort.

A stratified random sampling method was utilized in choosing the

research respondents where the grade level was considered the first stratum

and the section the second stratum. The total number of SHS students enrolled

at TDCI in the first semester is 157, as confirmed by the respective advisers.

Out of the 157 students, 73 belong to the grade 11, 38 of which from section

Aristotle, and 35 from section Dalton. The remaining 84 students belong to the

grade 12 wherein 42 students each belong to section Tesla and Darwin.

Slovin’s formula (N/1+Ne^2) with a marginal error of 0.05 was used to

 22

determine the sample size. A number of 113 respondents were derived from

the calculations.

The table underneath shows the number of students to be taken as

respondents from each section. This was computed using the stratified random

sampling formula: stratum size divided by total population multiplied by sample

size.

GRADE LEVEL SECTION POPULATION SAMPLE

Grade 11 Aristotle 38 28

Grade 11 Dalton 35 25

Grade 12 Tesla 42 30

Grade 12 Darwin 42 30

Total 157 113

Table 1. Number of Respondents per Section and Grade Level

 23

Figure 2.1. Map of the Philippines Figure 2.2. Map of Mindanao

Figure 2.4. Map of Brgy. Visayan Figure 2.3. Map of Tagum

Village City
 24

Research Instrument

In order to obtain the relevant data needed for the study, the researchers

utilized a researcher-made questionnaire in gathering data in the study.

The researchers made use of a handcrafted Likert-scale questionnaire

with its corresponding descriptions: Strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor

disagree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The questionnaire contains five (5)

questions for each of the indicators: light, noise, temperature, and bed/room

sharing.

The researcher-made questionnaire for the independent variable had

undergone thorough validation by three professors in the Senior High School

Department, two of which have a master’s degree: one in education, and one

in business administration. After getting a general rating of 4.33, the

researchers then proceeded to use the researcher-made questionnaire for pilot

testing with 30 Senior High School students that weren’t identified as research

respondents. The results of the pilot testing were sent to the statistician, and

the reliability of the instrument was measured using Cronbach’s Alpha. The

reliability coefficient was 0.70 for sleep and the results showed that the

instrument has a good applicability.

The following parameter limits, with its corresponding descriptions will

be applied for sleep.

 25

Parameter Limit Descriptive Interpretation

Equivalent

4.20 - 5.00 Very High This indicates that the

respondents’ sleep
quality is very high.

3.40 - 4.19 High This indicates that the

respondents’ sleep
quality is high.

2.60 - 3.39 Average This indicates that the

respondents’ sleep
quality is average.

1.80 - 2.59 Low This indicates that the

respondents’ sleep
quality is low.

1.00 - 1.79 Very Low This indicates that the

respondents’ sleep
quality is very low.

Table 2. Parameter Limits for the Independent Variable

 26

To determine the academic performance of the senior high school

students of Tagum Doctors College Incorporated, the researchers used the

Grade Point Average (GPA) of the research respondents from the first

semester.

The following parameter limits, with its corresponding descriptions, will

be applied for academic performance.

Parameter Limit Descriptive Interpretation

Equivalent

90 - 100 Outstanding This means that the

learning outcome of
students is very highly
proficient.

85 - 89 Very Satisfactory This means that the

learning outcome of
students is highly
proficient.

80 - 84 Satisfactory This means that the

learning outcome of
students is moderately
proficient.

75 - 79 Fairly Satisfactory This means that the

learning outcome of
students is slightly
proficient.

<74 Did Not Meet This means that the

Expectation learning outcome of
students is not
proficient.

Table 3. Parameter Limits for the Dependent Variable

 27

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers applied the following data gathering procedures to

ensure that the data is valid and reliable.

Seeking Permission to Conduct the Study. The researchers have

requested the school president’s recommendation to conduct a study. The

researchers have asked advisers for permission to collect information from their

students and will be provided a copy of a letter of recommendation from the

school president.

Seeking Parental Consent and Assent from Respondents. The

researchers have provided the respondents and their parents with a letter of

consent and assent for the voluntary participation in the study. The respondents

have the right to participate, refuse, or withdraw at any time for any reasons

without penalties.

Administration and Retrieval of Questionnaires. The researchers

distributed the questionnaire to the research respondents through Google

forms. After the respondents have finished answering, the questionnaire was

collected immediately from the respondents.

Checking, Organizing, and Processing of Data. The researchers

have collected and examined the questionnaire from the respondents, ensuring

that it will be properly safeguarded and maintained with great confidentiality and

anonymity. They computed and tabulated all the data retrieved from the

questionnaire and will seek assistance from an official statistician. Results will

be analyzed and interpreted in line to the study.

 28

Statistical Treatment of Data

Using applicable statistical methods, the data is obtained, totaled,

tabulated, computed, presented, and analyzed based on the specific questions

as mentioned.

Mean scores. The measure of central tendency, which is represented

by the mean, median, and mode, is one of the descriptive tools (Hayes, 2021).

In this research, mean scores will be used to determine the level of sleep and

academic performance.

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. It is an index of the relationship

between two variables (Cristobal & Dela Cruz-Cristobal, 2017). In this research,

the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation will be used to determine whether

sleep and academic performance possess a linear relationship.

Ethical Considerations

The ethical considerations of the research study comprise the following:

Social Values. The researchers will promote, follow, and observe high

ethical standards and social values for the responsible conduct of research.

The main responsibility of the researchers is to prioritize the protection of

respondents’ identities and personal information. This rule encompasses four

(4) values: Fairness, Care, Respect, and Honesty (Schroeder et al., 2019).

Voluntary Participation. The selected respondents will hereby not be

forced to partake in the study. Thus, the researchers will thoughtfully consider

and observe the respondents’ right to participate. The respondents will be given
 29

the option of whether or not to take part in the study, and the researchers will

not apply pressure of any form to them (Bhandari, 2021).

Privacy and Confidentiality. Respondents' privacy and confidentiality

are of utmost significance. The researchers will ensure that the respondents'

personal information is not included in the study and that it is not made available

to or accessed by anyone other than researchers. The researchers will protect

the privacy of respondents' personal information, which may be necessary for

the study (Bhandari, 2021).

Informed Consent Process. The individuals who were chosen to take

part in the study are fully informed about the study being conducted. The

principle of informed consent entails researchers providing sufficient

information and assurances about participating for respondents to fully

understand the implications of participation and make an informed, considered,

and freely given decision whether or not to participate, without any pressure or

coercion (Bhandari, 2021).

Conflict of interest (COI). There will be no financial or other personal

interests in the study that could jeopardize the results. There will be no evidence

that the researchers have hidden agendas in the study's outcome, which would

have resulted in a personal gain and jeopardized the research's validity

(Bhandari, 2021).

Plagiarism. Acknowledgment of other authors' works will be properly

utilized in any portion of the research. The chapter on Literature Reviews

discusses how researchers utilized appropriate techniques for referencing

 30

others' ideas (Bhandari, 2021). In addition, the study was subjected to

plagiarism checkers such as Plagiarismdetector.net.

Falsification. The research data will not be manipulated, omitted, and

changed to satisfy the researchers’ desires to come up with favorable results.

The researchers ought to practice research ethics and avoid research

misconduct (Bhandari, 2021).

The personal information of Grade 11 and Grade 12 STEM students of

TDCI will be guaranteed by the researchers to have secured limited access,

only the group researchers and TDCI Research Adviser have access in this

matter. This includes using methods to store the documents (personal

information, signed consent forms, and responses) in a safe area (e.g. locked

files and passwords for authorized access) and using protected means of

communication (e.g. encrypted electronic applications and messages) to

prevent unauthorized access. Moreover, to protect their confidentiality, the

option of using code names will be applied for anonymity. Thus, the secured

personal information of respondents will be soon destroyed if no longer needed

(Holland, 2019).
 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Presented in this chapter are the analysis, interpretation and the findings

of the data gathered out of the research instruments. It also covers the testing

of null hypothesis that was formulated in the study.

Summary of the Extent of Sleep

Presented in Table 4 is the summary on the extent of sleep where

temperature gains the highest average weighted mean of 4.24 which falls on

the descriptive equivalent of very high. Light gains the second highest average

weighted mean of 4.16 with its descriptive equivalent of high, then followed by

noise with the mean of 3.94 with its descriptive equivalent of high. Bed/room

sharing got the lowest mean out of the four at 3.21 with its descriptive equivalent

of average.

The overall mean on the summary of the extent of sleep is 3.89 which

falls on the descriptive equivalent of high. This indicates that the sleep hygiene

of students is highly evident. It has the standard deviation of 1.02 and is above

1. This indicates that the mean scores of the indicators are small and slightly

closer to each other.

The results from the senior high school students show that the students

are highly affected by the indicators. The sleep quality of the students is

affected more when the temperature in the room is hot than when sleeping in a

room that is too bright or a noisy environment. On the other hand, sharing your

room or bed with someone only moderately affects the students’ sleep quality.
 32

The results are supported by multiple findings. According to SleepScore

Labs (2017), noise tends to be most bothersome during the early phases of

sleep, and even though noises do not entirely awaken someone, they might

cause restlessness which affects sleep quality. Moreover, Suni (2019) stated

that sleeping with the lights on disrupts the sleep pattern, which affects sleep

quality. Furthermore, Silver (2019) stated that if the temperature is too hot or

cold in the sleeping environment, it might trigger a drop in the body’s internal

temperature, causing disrupted sleep. Lastly, Dobkin (2018) stated that sleep

interruptions are minimal when you share a bed with a partner. Those who

shared a bed scored nearly as well as those who slept alone. Overall, the table

indicates that sleep in fact is affected by several factors such as noise, light,

temperature, and bed/room sharing.

 33

Table 4
Summary of the Extent of Sleep

Indicators SD Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

Noise 0.98 3.94 High

Light 1.01 4.16 High

Temperature 0.99 4.24 Very High

Bed/Room Sharing 1.10 3.21 Average

Overall 1.02 3.89 High

 34

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Noise

Shown in Table 5 is the extent of sleep of the students in terms of noise.

The item number 1 got the highest average weighted mean of 4.54 with very

high as its corresponding descriptive equivalent. Meanwhile, the item number

2 got the lowest mean of 2.95 with average as its descriptive equivalent.

The category has a mean of 3.94 which falls under the descriptive

equivalent of high. This implies that the sleep hygiene of students in terms of

noise is highly evident.

In this category, the respondents agreed that they had better sleep in a

silent environment as compared to a noisy environment. This shows that the

student’s sleep hygiene is greatly affected by noise.

According to SleepScore Labs (2017), noise at night can make it difficult

to fall asleep, and sounds during the night can wake you up, leaving you unable

to sleep again. Even noises that do not wake you, could still have a negative

impact on your sleep. Therefore, noise pollution could disrupt a student’s sleep

hygiene.
 35

Table 5
Extent of Sleep in terms of Noise

Items Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. I sleep well when it is quiet 4.54 Very High

2. I do not sleep well when music is on 2.95 Average

3. I do not sleep well when someone is snoring 3.80 High

4. Background noise outside my bedroom is 3.99 High

disrupting my sleep

5. I fall asleep faster when it is quiet 4.42 Very High

Category Mean 3.94 High

 36

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Light

Shown in Table 6 Is the extent of sleep of the students in terms of light.

The item number 5 got the highest average weighted mean of 4.49 with very

high as its corresponding descriptive equivalent. Meanwhile, the item number

3 got the lowest mean of 3.88 with high as its descriptive equivalent.

The category has a mean of 4.16 which falls under the descriptive

equivalent of high. This implies that the sleep hygiene of students in terms of

light is highly evident.

In this category, the respondents agreed that they do not get good sleep

when the lighting is too bright as compared to a sleeping environment that is

dim or dark. This shows that the students’ sleep hygiene is also greatly affected

by lighting.

According to Suni (2022), light exposure at night can make it difficult to

transition between sleep cycles, lowering sleep quality. Too much light can

disrupt the sleep cycle and reduce the amount of time spent in deeper, more

restorative sleep stages. Therefore, the sleep hygiene of students who are

exposed to bright lighting will be negatively affected.

 37

Table 6
Extent of Sleep in terms of Light

Items Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. I find it difficult to sleep with the presence of light 4.03 High

2. Exposure to light causes awakenings at night 3.91 High

3. Exposure to light affects my sleep duration 3.88 High

4. I can sleep faster when it is dark 4.48 Very High

5. Sleeping in the dark is better than with light 4.49 Very High

Category Mean 4.16 High

 38

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Temperature

Shown in table 7 is the extent of sleep of students in terms of

temperature. Item number 4 got the highest average weighted mean of 4.42

with the descriptive equivalent of very high. Meanwhile, item number 2 got the

lowest average weighted mean of 4.13 with the descriptive equivalent of high.

The category has a mean of 4.24 which falls under the descriptive

equivalent of very high. This indicates that the sleep hygiene of students in

terms of temperature is highly evident. This implies that the students can have

a good and long sleep in a room with a cool temperature.

The results in this category shows that the senior high school students

prefer sleeping in cold environments. According to them, they sleep faster and

longer when it is cold compared to when their room is hot or warm. This

indicates that like noise and light, temperature too can affect student sleep

hygiene.

According to Silver (2019), one of the most essential factors in attaining

adequate sleep is the temperature in the sleeping environment. It will increase

the chances of getting a sufficient quantity of sleep each night. Moreover,

Stiegman (2019) stated that sleeping in a colder room makes it easier for a

person to fall and remain asleep. Thus, a cool environment can help the body

drop its body temperature, signifying that it's time to sleep (Heather, 2018).
 39

Table 7
Extent of Sleep in terms of Temperature

Items Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. I fall asleep faster when it is cold. 4.20 Very High

2. It takes me longer to fall asleep when it is hot. 4.13 High

3. My sleep gets disrupted when it gets too hot. 4.27 Very High

4. I sleep longer when it is cold. 4.42 Very High

5. I cannot sleep when it is too hot in the room. 4.18 High

Category Mean 4.24 Very High

 40

The Extent of Sleep in terms of Bed/Room Sharing

Shown in table 8 is the extent of sleep of students in terms of bed/room

sharing. Item number 3 got the highest average weighted mean of 3.56 with the

descriptive equivalent of high. On the other hand, item number 5 got the lowest

average weighted mean of 2.81 with the descriptive equivalent of average.

The category has a mean of 3.21 which falls under the descriptive

equivalent of average. This indicates that the sleep hygiene of students in terms

of bed/room sharing is moderately evident. This implies that the sleep hygiene

of the senior high school students is only moderately affected when bed/room

is shared.

The results acquired in this category seem to suggest that the students

can still have a good night's sleep regardless of whether they are alone in their

bed/room or not. However, some students have also responded that their

roommate/s activities disrupt their sleep. This implies that bed/room sharing too

affects the respondents’ sleep quality but its effects are not as large or evident

compared to the first three indicators.

The findings of Dobkin (2018)’s study support the findings in the category

stating that bed/room sharing does not cause significant sleep disturbances.

There she mentioned that though there are instances where people wake up

due to their partner’s activities like snoring and movements, bed/room sharing

isn’t one of the factors that causes bad sleep. She found in her study that people

who shared beds/rooms only had a slightly average score (71.24) than those

who slept in their bed/room alone (70.48).

 41

Table 8
Extent of Sleep in terms of Bed/Room Sharing

Items Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. I can sleep comfortably even when I share my 3.46 High

bed/room with someone else.

2. I fall asleep longer when I’m sharing my 2.96 Average

bed/room with another person.

3. My roommate/s’s activities disrupt my sleep. 3.56 High

4. My sleep is shorter when I share my bed/room 3.26 Average

with another person.

5. I sleep better when there is someone else with 2.81 Average

me in my bed/room.

Category Mean 3.21 Average

 42

Level of Academic Performance

Revealed in Table 9 is the Level of Academic Performance of the Senior

High School students of Tagum Doctors College Inc. As seen on the table, the

mean results of students’ level of academic performance was outstanding at

91.95, while the standard deviation was at 2.21.

These data would mean that the learning outcome of students is very

highly proficient, and that the scores were small and slightly close to each other.

The inputs used to determine the level of academic performance of the Grade

11 and 12 students were their grade point average (GPA) during their first

semester of the academic school year 2021-2022.

All throughout the data gathering process, the researchers used and

followed the descriptors and grading scales set forth by the Department of

Education (DepEd). The students’ GPA were also used to determine the level

of the students’ academic performance as it was recognized to be one of the

few effective ways to measure academic success and academic performance

(Mann, 2021; Abdul-Jalbar, 2019).

 43

Table 9
Level of Academic Performance

Indicator SD Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

Grade Point Average (GPA) 2.21 91.95 Outstanding

 44

Significant Relationship between Sleep and Academic Performance

Presented in Table 10 is the computed data on the relationship between

sleep and academic performance of the Grade 11 and 12 students of Tagum

Doctors College Inc.

As evidently seen in the table below, the p-value of the two variables is

0.424, which is greater than 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that the

null hypothesis presented in chapter 1 is accepted, thus establishing that the

relationship between sleep and academic performance is not significant at all.

This means that the sleep quality of students in the presence of noise, light,

temperature and bed/room sharing does not affect the students’ grades or

academic performance.

This supports the study of Sygaco, 2021 entitled “The Correlation of

Sleep and Academic Performance” in which he concluded that there is no

correlation between sleep and academic performance after only having a p-

value of 0.01. Similarly, the results of the study also fall in with the study of

Hayrani et. al., 2020 “The Effect of Sleep Quality on Students’ Academic

Achievement” in which they stated that there was no significant difference

between the sleep quality of the achieved and unachieved students after having

a p-value of 0.875.
 45

Table 10
Significant Relationship between Sleep

and Academic Performance

Variables p-value Decision on Decision on

H0 Relationship

Sleep 0.424 Accepted Not Significant

Academic Performance
 46

CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter summarizes the research study including the statement of

the problem, null hypothesis, findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

Summary

The following finds are enumerated and summarized as discussed in the

preceding chapter.

Among the four indicators of sleep, temperature got the highest average

weighted mean of 4.24, followed by light gaining 4.16 weighted mean, followed

by noise with 3.94 weighted mean, making bed/room sharing as the indicator

with the lowest weighted mean of 3.21. This resulted in the overall mean of 3.89

which indicates the descriptive equivalent of high.

Meanwhile, the level of academic performance of the students shows

their learning outcome in today’s new mode of learning with the average mean

of 91.95.

Lastly, the study has found that there is no significant relationship

between sleep and academic performance of the students. With a p-value of

0.424 that is greater than the 0.05 level of significance, the computed data

resulted in poor evidence against the null hypothesis. Thus, the null hypothesis

is accepted.
 47

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this research study, the following conclusions

were drawn:

1. The extent of sleep in terms of noise, light and temperature are all highly

evident;

2. The extent of sleep in terms of bed/room sharing is only moderately

evident;

3. The level of academic performance among the grade 11 and 12 senior

high school students is outstanding; and

4. There is no significant relationship between sleep and academic

performance among the senior high school students of Tagum Doctors

College Inc.

Recommendation

On the basis of the findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations are offered:

1. Though it was found in the study that there is no significant relationship

between sleep and academic performance, it is still important for the

students to acquire at least 7 hours of sleep to avoid causing health

problems that can otherwise affect their academic performance;

2. Students should cut back their screen time most especially during night

time to avoid messing with their melatonin levels, a hormone that can

control one’s sleep-wake cycle. When low, it causes insomnia among

 48

people and tiredness and irritability which also have the potential to

affect their academic performance (Walia, 2019);

3. Teachers can also help their students maintain 7-8 hours of sleep by

keeping track of the amount of schoolworks they give to their students,

as well as by making sure that the deadlines for their tasks are

reasonable; and

4. Future researchers may also have further assessment with other

variables to be paired and indicators to be used. They may also test the

study in a different locale, specifically in other departments of the school.

Through this, the relationship of the two variables used in this research

will be clearer and of greater accuracy.

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 APPENDIX A

LETTER OF PERMISSION ADDRESSED

TO THE PRINCIPAL

March 8, 2022

DR. PURIFICACION S. YAMBAO

SHS Principal
Tagum Doctors College Inc.
Tagum City, Philippines

Dear Ma’am,

Praised be Jesus, Mary, and Joseph!

The Grade 12 students of Tagum Doctors College Inc. are currently having a
research capstone project under my advisory. This performance task is vital to
their learning as it will prepare them for the industrialized world where research
plays a vital role.

In line with this, I would like to ask for your permission to conduct their studies
in your department.

Your approval will mean so much to us. I am hoping for a positive response.

Thank you.

Yours truly, Approved by:

MR. RICKY C. TADLE, LPT DR. PURIFICACION S. YAMBAO

Research Instructor SHS Principal
 APPENDIX B

LETTER OF REQUEST FOR CLASS LIST

ADDRESSED TO THE ADVISERS

Tagum Doctors College Inc.

Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Visayan Village
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

March 03, 2022

Greetings!

We, the Grade 12 Tesla students, are currently working on our research
entitled, “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM
DOCTORS COLLEGE INC. AMIDST THE PANDEMIC” as part of our
requirements in Practical Research II with Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, our research
professor.

Part of our study requires the need to access the names of our respondents,
which are the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of our institution, for
identification purposes. In connection with this, we would like to request a copy
of the names of the students under your advisory.

We are looking forward that our request will merit your positive response.

Very truly yours,

Michael Andrei V. Aquino Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo

Abby Shane Fernando Joshua S. Singh

Researchers
Noted by:
Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, LPT
Adviser
 APPENDIX C

LETTER OF REQUEST FOR GRADES

ADDRESSED TO THE ADVISERS

Tagum Doctors College Inc.

Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Visayan Village
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

March 31, 2022

Good day!

We, the researchers of Grade 12 Tesla, are currently working on our research
entitled, “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM
DOCTORS COLLEGE INC. AMIDST THE PANDEMIC” as part of our
requirements in Practical Research II with Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, our research
professor.

In relation to this, the researchers would like to request the first semester grade
average of the selected students enrolled under your advisory to help complete
this quantitative study. Attached herewith is the list of the said students.

We are looking forward to your positive response. With love, with bliss.

Very truly yours,

Michael Andrei V. Aquino Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo

Abby Shane Fernando Joshua S. Singh

Researchers

Noted by:
Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, LPT
Adviser
 APPENDIX D
LETTER OF REQUEST ADDRESSED
TO THE VALIDATORS

Tagum Doctors College Inc.

Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Visayan Village
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

February 24, 2022

Greetings!

We, the Grade 12 Tesla students, are currently working on our research with
the title, “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM
DOCTORS COLLEGE INC. AMIDST THE PANDEMIC.” In line with that, we
would like to ask for your expertise to validate our researcher-made
questionnaire.

It would be very much appreciated if you can share your expertise by rating the
contents, and by writing comments and recommendations. We believe that your
valuable insights would greatly contribute to the improvement of this study.

Thank you and Godspeed.

Respectfully yours,

Michael Andrei V. Aquino Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo

Abby Shane Fernando Joshua S. Singh

Researchers

Noted by:
Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, LPT
Adviser
 APPENDIX E

LIKERT SCALE QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS OF TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC

Name:

Grade and Section:

Sexual Preference:

Direction: The following questions relate to your usual sleep habits. Please
check (/) the corresponding column after each item based on the following
scale.

5 STRONGLY AGREE----------------------- This indicates that you strongly agree

on the statement

4 AGREE---------------------------------------- This indicates that you agree on the

statement

3 NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE-- This indicate that you neither agree

nor disagree on the statement

2 DISAGREE----------------------------------- This indicates that you disagree on

the statement

1 STRONGLY DISAGREE------------------ This indicates that you strongly

disagree on the statement

QUESTIONS DESCRIPTORS

SLEEP STRONGLY AGREE NEITHER DISAGREE STRONGLY

AGREE NOR DISAGREE
AGREE

NOISE

I sleep well
when it is
quiet and
peaceful.
I do not sleep
well when
music is on.

I do not sleep
well when
someone is
snoring.

Background
noise outside
my bedroom
is disrupting
my sleep.

I fall asleep
faster when it
is quiet.

LIGHT

Do you have
difficulty
sleeping with
the presence
of light?
Exposure to
light causes
awakenings
at night.

Does
exposure to
light affect
your sleep
duration?
I can sleep
faster when it
is dark.

Sleeping in
the dark is
better than
with light.
TEMPERATURE

I fall asleep
faster when it
is cold.

It takes me
longer to fall
asleep when
it is hot.

My sleep gets
disrupted
when it gets
too hot.
I sleep longer
when it is
cold.
I cannot sleep
when it is too
hot in the
room.
BED/ROOM SHARING
I can sleep
comfortably
even when I
share my
bed/room with
someone
else.
I fall asleep
longer when
I’m sharing
my bed/room
with another
person.
My
roommate/s’s
activities
disrupts my
sleep.

My sleep is
shorter when I
share my
bed/room with
another
person.
I sleep better
when there is
someone else
with me in my
bed/room.
 APPENDIX F

SUMMARY OF VALIDATION TOOL RESULT

CRITERIA VALIDATORS

Prof. Anna Prof. Denjay Prof. Leo

R. Hundis Barrios Masucol

Clarity of Language. The vocabulary level, 4 4 5

the structure of the language, and the
conceptual level of the questions are
appropriate for the respondents’ level. The
items are written in a clear and
understandable manner.

Presentation/ Organization of Topics. The 5 4 4

items presented are organized in a local
manner.

Suitability of Items. The items appropriately 5 4 4

represent the substance of the research. The
questions are designed to determine
condition, knowledge, perception, and
attitudes that are supposed to be measured.

Adequateness of Purpose. The instrument 5 4 4

as a whole fulfills the objectives for which it
was constructed.

Attainment of Purpose. The instrument as a 5 4 4

whole fulfills the objectives for which it was
constructed.

Respondents Friendliness. Does the 5 4 4

questionnaire create a positive impression,
one that motivates respondents to answer it?

Objectivity. No aspect of the questionnaire 5 4 4

suggests bias on the part of the researchers

General Rating 4.86 4 4.14

Total 4.33
 APPENDIX G

LETTER OF PERMISSION ADDRESSED TO

THE PILOT TESTING RESPONDENTS

Tagum Doctors College Inc.

Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Visayan Village
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

March 18, 2022

Good day!

We, the Grade 12 students of TDCI is currently working on our research entitled
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC. The purpose of the study is to identify the
relationship between sleep and academic performance of the senior high
school students of Tagum Doctors College Inc (TDCI).

In relation to that, we would like to ask for your permission to take part of our
pilot testing because you were identified as one of our respondents for the pilot
testing of our researcher-made questionnaire.

To participate, you will fill out the google forms to be given to you via
messenger. All the provided information would be recorded electronically, and
a copy will be provided to give you the opportunity to correct any factual errors.
Your inputs and your identity will be kept and maintained with great anonymity
and confidentiality. Only the researchers will be able to know your answers and
your identification. Your participation is completely voluntary, you may withdraw
at any time for any reason without penalties. You may also choose not to
answer any question for any reason.

Your answers and responses will be a big help towards the fulfillment of the
study’s goals and objectives. Hoping for a positive response. Thank you and
Godspeed.

Sincerely,

Michael Andrei V. Aquino Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo

Abby Shane Fernando Joshua S. Singh

Researchers

Noted by:
Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, LPT
Adviser
 APPENDIX H

CERTIFICATION FOR PILOT TESTING AND

RELIABILITY TEST

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the researcher-made instrument/s of the research

entitled: "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC." had undergone pilot test and reliability test.

Internal consistency, specifically Cronbach's alpha, was used to

measure the reliability of the instrument/s, and the reliability coefficient
was/were 0.70 for Sleep. The results indicate the good applicability of the
instrument/s.

Given this 30th day of March, 2022 in Lasang, Davao City, Philippines.

WILLIAM G. GANZON JR., LPT

Data Analyst
 APPENDIX I

LETTER OF PERMISSION ADDRESSED TO

THE RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

Tagum Doctors College Inc.

Mahogany St., Rabe Subd., Visayan Village
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

April 02, 2022

Good day!

We, the Grade 12 students of TDCI is currently working on our research entitled
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC. The purpose of the study is to identify the
relationship between sleep and academic performance of the senior high
school students of Tagum Doctors College Inc (TDCI).

In relation to that, we would like to ask for your permission to take part of our
pilot testing because you were identified as one of our respondents for the pilot
testing of our researcher-made questionnaire.

To participate, you will fill out the google forms to be given to you via google
mail. All the provided information would be recorded electronically, and a copy
will be provided to give you the opportunity to correct any factual errors. Your
inputs and your identity will be kept and maintained with great anonymity and
confidentiality. Only the researchers will be able to know your answers and your
identification. Your participation is completely voluntary, you may withdraw at
any time for any reason without penalties. You may also choose not to answer
any question for any reason.

Your answers and responses will be a big help towards the fulfillment of the
study’s goals and objectives. Hoping for a positive response. Thank you and
Godspeed.

Sincerely,

Michael Andrei V. Aquino Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo

Abby Shane Fernando Joshua S. Singh

Researchers

Noted by:
Mr. Ricky C. Tadle, LPT
Adviser
 APPENDIX J

INFORMED ASSENTS

This informed assent form is for the senior high school students of
Tagum Doctors College Inc. They are invited to participate in a study entitled
“Relationship Between Sleep and Academic Performance of Senior High
School Students in Tagum Doctors College, Inc. Amidst the Pandemic.”

This Informed Consent Form has two parts:

1. Information Sheet

2. Certificate of Assent

You will be given a copy of the full Informed Assent Form.

PART I: Information Sheet

Introduction

Good day! We are Grade 12 students of Tagum Doctors College Inc,

and we are conducting our research entitled: Relationship Between Sleep
and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Tagum
Doctors College Inc. Amidst the Pandemic. We will provide you with details
and invite you to take part in this research. You are not required to take part in
this study if you do not wish to.

You may discuss anything in this form with your parents, friends, or
anyone else with whom you feel comfortable. After you have talked about it,
you can decide then whether or not to participate in this study. You are not
required to make a decision right away.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the significant relationship

between sleep and the academic performance of Senior High School students
in Tagum Doctors College, Inc.
Participant Selection

The participants of this study are the Senior High School students of
Tagum Doctors College, Inc. You have been chosen through stratified random
sampling.

Voluntary Participation

Your approval for participation in this research is entirely voluntary. It is

entirely up to you whether you choose to participate or not in this study, you will
not be forced to participate.

Procedure

There will be 113 respondents in this study from the Senior High School
students. We are asking you to help us to determine the significant relationship
between sleep and academic performance of Senior High School students. If
you agree on participating, you will be asked to answer a questionnaire that
would take at least 5 minutes.

All participants will be asked to answer a questionnaire via Google

Forms that will be distributed through Google Mail. You will be required to
answer all of the given items. The information obtained will only be accessible
to us, the researchers, that will administer the questionnaire. Your privacy will
be our top priority, thus the information acquired will be kept private.

I have checked with the child and they understand the procedure.

__________________________

(Initial)

Risks

You are not required to give any reason for not answering or responding
to the questions or for refusing to participate in this study if you are
uncomfortable answering or talking about the subject.
I have checked with the child and they understand the procedure

__________________________

(Initial)

Benefits

You will benefit from this research in a sense that you will know if sleep
and academic performance have a significant relationship with one another.

I have checked with the child and they understand the procedure

___________________________

(Initial)

Reimbursement

There will be no reimbursement of cost.

Confidentiality

We will keep all the information we gathered from this study private. It
will be properly safeguarded and maintained with great confidentiality and
anonymity. Any information about you will be coded instead of using your actual
names. It will not be distributed or shared with anyone.

Sharing the Results

Nothing that you will say will be shared with anybody outside the
research team, and nothing will be linked to you personally. The findings, on
the other hand, will be published in our manuscript or in journals so that those
who are interested can benefit from the research.
Rights to Refuse or Withdraw

You have the right to refuse or withdraw from participating in this study
without the need to explain your reasons.

Who to contact

If you have any questions, you may ask Rikki Shae Anne Y. Raymundo,
the research representative of this group. If you choose to be part of this
research, we will also provide you with a copy of this paper to keep for yourself.
You can ask your parents to look after it if you want.

PART II: Certificate of Assent

I have read the foregoing information. I recognize the fact that I have the
opportunity to ask questions about the research and the questions I’ve asked
so far have been answered to my satisfaction. I consent voluntarily to
participate in the study.

I do wish to take part in the research and I have signed the assent below.

Print Name of the Student

Signature of the Student

Date (Date/Month/Year):

OR

I do not wish to take part in the research and I have not signed the assent
below.

Print Name of the Student

Signature of the Student

Date (Date/Month/Year):
 APPENDIX K

CERTIFICATION ON DATA ANALYSIS

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the data gathered for the research entitled:
“RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC” were analyzed and interpreted by the official data
analyst.

Given this 27th day of April, 2022 in Lasang, Davao City, Philippines.

WILLIAM G. GANZON JR., LPT

Data Analyst
 APPENDIX L

RAW DATA

No. of Noise Light Temperature Bed/Room

Resp Sharing
onden
ts
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 4 4 3 3 5 5 2 5 3 1 2 3

2 4 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 3 2 3 3 3

3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 2 2 3 4 2

4 5 3 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 2

5 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 2 1 4 4 1

6 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 2 2 4 4 4

7 4 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 3 2 3 5 3 3 2 2 4 3

8 3 3 5 2 2 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 5

9 5 3 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3

10 4 2 2 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4

11 5 2 1 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2

12 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 4

13 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 3 3 2

14 4 2 5 5 5 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 2

15 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 2 2 4

16 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 3

17 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3

18 5 1 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 3 4 3 4

19 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 1 1 5 5 1

20 5 4 3 4 5 4 4 5 2 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 2 4

21 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
22 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 3

23 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 2

24 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3

25 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 3 3 5 3 3

26 4 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 5 3 3

27 5 5 3 3 5 5 4 1 5 5 4 4 5 2 5 1 1 5 5 1

28 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 5 2

29 5 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 3 4 3 2 4 4 2

30 5 3 1 4 2 5 5 3 3 5 3 5 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 3

31 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 3

32 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 4

33 5 3 2 4 5 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 5 5 1 1 5

34 5 2 3 1 5 2 4 4 5 5 5 1 2 5 2 1 1 5 2 1

35 5 3 2 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 3 3

36 5 2 3 3 3 5 5 4 5 5 2 5 5 2 5 3 3 3 3 3

37 5 1 2 4 5 5 4 5 1 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 5

38 5 4 4 4 5 1 1 1 2 1 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 2 2 5

39 5 2 4 5 5 2 3 2 5 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 1 1

40 5 2 4 4 5 3 3 3 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 2

41 4 2 3 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 3

42 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2

43 5 3 4 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3

44 5 4 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 2 3

45 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 5 2

46 4 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1

47 4 3 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3

48 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 2 5 3 3

49 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 3
50 4 1 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4

51 5 1 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 3

52 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 3

53 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 2 5 5 4 4 2 4 3 5 3 2 2 2

54 5 2 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 2 2 4 5 2

55 5 3 5 3 5 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 1 1 4 2

56 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3

57 5 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 2 2 3 4 2

58 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 1 1 4 5 1

59 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 5 4 3 5 5 2

60 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4

61 5 2 2 5 5 2 2 1 4 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 5 5 1

62 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4

63 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 2

64 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 4

65 4 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 5 1 1 1

66 5 2 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 2 1 4 4 1

67 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4

68 5 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 5 1 1 5 1 3 3 2 2 3

69 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3

70 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

71 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 4 5 2

72 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 4

73 5 3 4 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 3 3 3 3 3

74 5 2 5 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 3 2

75 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 3

76 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 2

77 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 4 5 4 2 4 4 2
78 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4

79 5 2 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3

80 5 3 4 5 3 4 1 3 5 5 5 4 1 4 2 5 1 4 2 1

81 5 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 3

82 2 2 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4

83 4 2 2 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 2 1 2 4 1

84 5 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3

85 5 2 5 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 1 5

86 5 1 3 5 5 5 4 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 4

87 4 1 3 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 3

88 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 4

89 4 3 5 5 3 3 2 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 4 4 3

90 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 2 3 2 2 4

91 5 3 4 3 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3

92 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 4 2 3 2 3

93 5 3 5 5 5 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 2

94 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 3 3

95 4 2 5 5 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 4 4 2

96 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 2 3 2 1

97 5 3 3 2 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 5

98 3 1 4 3 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 5 5 3

99 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3

100 5 2 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 2 4 4 2

101 5 3 5 4 5 3 2 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 2

102 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 2 5 4 4 5 2 2 2 2 2

103 4 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 3 3

104 4 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 3 3 1

105 4 1 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 4 4
106 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 1 5

107 3 5 1 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 3

108 5 1 1 4 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 2

109 4 2 5 3 3 4 4 3 5 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 3

110 5 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 4 2

111 4 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 4

112 5 2 5 4 4 2 2 2 4 3 3 5 5 3 5 4 3 3 2 4

113 4 3 5 3 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 2
 CURRICULUM VITAE

MICHAEL ANDREI V. AQUINO

0956-407-0038
andreiaquino1105@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________

Educational Background

Secondary:

2016-2020 Assumpta School of Tagum Inc.

Mankilam, Tagum City

Elementary

2010-2016 Mary Immaculate Child Development

Academy
Mabini St, Tagum City

PERSONAL DATA

Address: 0732 Opal St, Sison Subdivision

Magugpo South, Tagum City
Date of Birth: November 05, 2003
Age: 18
Place of Birth: Davao Regional Medical Center
Apokon, Tagum City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ABBY SHANE FERNANDO

0939-503-2431
fernandoabbyshane@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________

Educational Background

Secondary:

2016-2020 Assumpta School of Tagum Inc.

Mankilam, Tagum City

Elementary

2014-2016 Arriesgado College Foundation, Inc.

Visayan Village, Tagum City

2009-2014 St. Joseph Institute of Technology

Montilla Boulevard, Butuan City

PERSONAL DATA

Address: Prk. Mahogany Rabe Subdivision,

Tagum City
Date of Birth: May 07, 2002
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Bishop Regan Hospital, Tagum City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
 CURRICULUM VITAE

RIKKI SHAE ANNE Y. RAYMUNDO

0926-693-7954
raymundorikkishae@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________

Educational Background

Secondary:

2017-2020 Assumpta School of Tagum Inc.

Mankilam, Tagum City

2016-2017 St. Mary’s College of Tagum Inc.

National Highway, Tagum City

Elementary
2010-2016 St. Mary’s College of Tagum Inc.
National Highway, Tagum City

PERSONAL DATA

Address: B6 L12, Calla Lily St., Betty’s Subd.,

Apokon, Tagum City
Date of Birth: July 10, 2003
Age: 18
Place of Birth: Cebu Doctors Hospital, Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
 CURRICULUM VITAE

JOSHUA S. SINGH
0997-592-3070
joshuasingh246@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________

Educational Background

Secondary:

2016-2020 Assumpta School of Tagum Inc.

Mankilam, Tagum City

Elementary

2010-2016 Assumpta School of Tagum Inc.

Mankilam, Tagum City

PERSONAL DATA

Address: Prk. 2-A, Suico Compound, Priscilla

St., San Miguel, Tagum City
Date of Birth: November 08, 2003
Age: 18
Place of Birth: Davao Regional Medical Center
Apokon, Tagum City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single