Conversion Factors | Nico O.

Aspra

LINEAR
m 3.28 ft
100 cm
in 2.54 cm
yd 3 ft
mile 1.609 km
5 280 ft
n. mile 6 080 ft
league 3 n.miles
hand 4 in
span 9 in
fathom 6 ft
furlong 660 ft
cable 120 fathom
rod 16.5 ft
chain 66 ft
vara 33.33 in
mil 0.001 in
gross 144 pcs
micron 10-6 m
angstrom 10-10 m
light-yr 9.46x1012 km
par-sec 30.84x1012 km

AREA
ha 10 000 m2
100 ares
are 100 m2
acre 4 046.8 m2
section 1 sq.mile
circular mil 5.067x10-10 m2

VOLUME
m3 1 000 L
1 stere
gal 3.78 L
4 qt
8 pt
16 cup
128 oz
256 tbsp
768 tsp
UK gal 1.2009 gal
US bbl 158.99 L
42 gal
ft3 7.48 gal
ganta 3 L
8 chupas
cavan 25 ganta
cfm 7.48 gpm
L/s 15.85 gpm

MASS
kg 2.2046 lbm
slug 32.2 lbm
lbm 7 000 grain
g 6.024x1023 amu
ounce 28.35 g
kip 1 000 lbm
mtons 1 000 kg
ton 2 000 lbm
long ton 2 240 lbm

FORCE
kgf 9.80665 N
lbf 4.448 N
32.2 poundal
1 slug-ft/sec
tonf 2 000 lbf
N 100 000 dynes

WORK
BTU 1 055.0559 J
778.169 ft-lbf
cal 4.1858 J
J 1.602x10-19 eV
107 erg
erg 1 dyne-cm
chu 1.8 BTU
therm 105 BTU

POWER
hp 746 W
42.42 BTU/min
550 ft-lbf/sec
1.014 mhp
BHP 35 322 kJ/hr
ehp 1.0004 hp
TOR 3.516 kW
12 000 BTU/hr
kW 3 413 BTU/hr

PRESSURE
atm 101.325 kPa
1.01325 bar
1013250 dynes/cm2
14.7 psi
760 mmHg
bar 1x105 Pa
psi 2.307 ft H2O

ANGLE
rev 360 deg
2π rad
400 grad
400 gon
6 400 mils
deg 60 min
min 60 sec
sphere 4π steradian

SPECIFIC HEAT
BTU/lb-°F 4.1858 kJ/kg-°C
BTU/lb-°F 778 ft-lbf/lbm-°R
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, k
BTU/hr-ft-°F 1.73 W/m-°C
HEAT TRANSFER COEF., h
BTU/hr-ft2°F 5.67 W/m2-°C

mksq SYSTEM
volt 1 N-m/C
J 1 C-V
farad 1 C/V
amp 1 C/s
weber 1 V-s
ohm 1 V/A
henry 1 w/A

Nico Obusan Aspra

 Conversion Factors | Nico O. Aspra

TEMPERATURE CHANGE, dT
9
ΔTF ΔTC
5
4
reamur (°Re) °C
5
20 ligem (°L)

DYNAMIC VISCOSITY
1 poise 0.1 Pa-s
1 dynes-s/cm2

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
1 stoke 0.0001 m2/s
1 cm2/s

METRIC PREFIX
deka, da 101 deci, d 10-1
2
hecto, h 10 centi, c 10-2
3
kilo, k 10 mili, m 10-3
6
mega, M 10 micro, µ 10-6
9
giga, G 10 nano, n 10-9
12
tera, T 10 pico, p 10-12
15
peta, P 10 femto, f 10-15
18
exa, E 10 atto, a 10-18
21
zeta, Z 10 zepto, z 10-21
24
yotta, Y 10 yocto, y 10-24

DENSITY
water 1 kg/L
62.4 lb/ft3
8.33 lb/gal
air 1.225 kg/m3
concrete 2 406 kg/m3
steel 7 800 - 8 050 kg/m3
iron 7 200 kg/m3
leather belt 0.035 lbm/in3
fat rubber belt 0.045 bm/in3

MATERIAL steel alum iron wood

E (106 psi) 29 10 14.5 1.6
G (106 psi) 11.5-12 3.8 6 0.6
µ 0.3 0.33 0.21 0.33
note: valid within elastic range
𝐸
𝐺 = 2(1+µ)

SHEARING STRESS FOR PUNCHING (psi)

steel/iron 50 000
bronze 40 000
copper 30 000
aluminium 20 000
zinc 10 000
tin/lead 5 000
note: non circular hole
1
d= 3P

BOLT CONSTANT, c
bronze 10 000
carbon steel 5 000
alloy steel 1 500

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
ammonia NH3 H 1
methane CH4 He 4
ethane C2H6 C 12
propane C3H8 N 14
butane C4H10 O 16
pentane C5H12 Fl 19
hexane C6H14 Mg 24
heptane C7H16 Al 27
liquid octane C8H18 Si 28
nonane C9H20 P 31
decane C10H22 S 32
undecane C11H24 Cl 35
dodecane C12H26 Ar 40
benzene C6H6 Ca 40
methyl alcohol CH4O Ti 48
ethyl alcohol C2H6O Fe 56

APPROX. STEAM TABLE PROPERTIES

h = 2 454.5 + 2.12 𝑡°C − 50 𝑃𝑀𝑝𝑎 + 0.072 𝑡°C 𝑃𝑀𝑝𝑎 kJ/kg
hg = 2 501 + 1.84 𝑡sat kJ/kg
= 1 060.5 + 0.435 𝑡sat BTU/lb
hf = 𝑡°F − 32 BTU/lb
237.7 ln(1.638 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 )
tsat = °C
17.27 − ln(1.638 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 )

MAXIMUM SLOPE, 𝜃
1 1/2 *2
1/8 1/16
*3
1/6 1/24
1/24 8/360 , 7/360

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION, y
1/2 1/3 *3
5/48 1/48 1/192 7/768 *4
1/8 5/384 1/384 1/185
1/30 2.5/384 1/768

MAXIMUM MOMENT, M
1/2 1/4 1/8
1/2 1/8 1/12 1/8 *2
1/6 1/9√3 1/30 , 1/20

Nico Obusan Aspra