MIRANDA, SHAN IVAN S.

ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3

ENG1A

1. Explain the basic concepts related to child and adolescent development;

Some of the basic concepts related to a child are acquiring new skills that will
be associated with school, discovering his or her likes and dislikes, hobbies and
talent. Adolescent development is physical changes having Adam's apple for
boys and menstruation period for girls, emotional changes, getting more
sensitive, pursuing what they like and discovering gender roles.

2. enumerate the stages of development

1. Infancy:

This period extends from birth to 18 months of age. This is called the age of trust
v/s mistrust. The infant who comes to the new environment, from mother’s womb
needs only nourishment. If the child’s caretaker, the mother anticipates and
fulfills these needs consistently, the infant learns to trust others, develops
confidence. Inevitably the child will experience moments of anxiety and rejection.
If the infant fails to get needed support and care, it develops mistrust which
affects the personality in later stages of life.

2. Early childhood:

This stage ranges from 18 months to 3 years. By second year of life, the muscular
and nervous systems have developed markedly, and the child is eager to acquire
new skills, is no longer content to sit and watch. The child moves around and
examines its environment, but judgement develops more slowly.

The child needs guidance. In the crisis of autonomy v/s doubt faced during this
period, the critical issue is the child’s feeling of independence.
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ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3
ENG1A

In an extremely permissive environment, the child encounters difficulties that it

cannot handle, and the child develops doubt about its abilities. Similarly if the
control is severe, the child feels worthless and shameful of being capable of so
little.

The appropriate middle position, respecting the child’s needs and environmental
factors, requires the caretaker’s careful and constant attention.

3. Middle childhood:

This stage extends from 3-5 years. The crisis faced during this period is initiative
v/s guilt. Once a sense of independence has been established, the child wants to
try out various possibilities. It is at this time the child’s willingness to try new
things is facilitated or inhibited.

If the caretaker recognises the child’s creative effort in attempting to do some

activities is encouraged, the crisis will be resolved in a favourable direction and
this outcome, if repeated, should influence the future initiative. Otherwise the
child develops feelings of guilt.

4. Late childhood:

This period ranges from 5-12 years. During this period the child develops greater
attention span, needs less sleep, and gains rapidly in strength; therefore, the
child can expend much more effort in acquiring skills, and needs
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ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3
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accomplishment, regardless of ability. The crisis faced during this period is

industry v/s inferiority.

The child aims to develop a feeling of competence, rather than inability. The
success in this endeavor leads to further industrious behavior, failure results in
development of feelings of inferiority. Hence, the caretakers should guide the
child to take up appropriate tasks.

5. Adolescence:

This is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which extends from

12-20 years. During this period the individual attains puberty leading to many
changes. These changes have enormous implications for the individual’s sexual,
social, emotional and vocational life; that is why Stanley Hall has rightly
described this period as a “period of storm and stress”.

These changes make the individual to find an identity, which means developing
an understanding of self, the goals one wishes to achieve and the
work/occupation role. The individual craves for encouragement and support of
caretakers and peer groups. If he is successful he will develop a sense of self or
identity, otherwise he will suffer from role confusion/ identity confusion.

6. Early adulthood:
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ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3
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This stage extends from 20-30 years. As an adult, the individual takes a firmer
place in society, usually holding a job, contributing to community and
maintaining a family and care of offspring. These new responsibilities can create
tensions and frustrations, and one solution involves an intimate relationship with
family. This situation leads to a crisis called intimacy v/s isolation.

If these problems are solved effectively by the love, affection and support of
family the individual leads a normal life, otherwise he will develop a feeling of
alienation and isolation which in turn affects his personality negatively.

7. Mature adulthood:

This period ranges from 30-65 years. It is otherwise called middle age. During this
stage of life, the crisis encountered is generativity v/s stagnation. This requires
expanding one’s interests beyond oneself to include the next generation. The
positive solution to the crisis lies not only in giving birth to children, but also in
working, teaching and caring for the young, in the products and ideas of the
culture, and in a more general belief in the species.

This response reflects a desire for the well-being of humanity rather than
selfishness. If this goal is not achieved the individual will be disappointed and
experience a feeling of stagnation.

8. Old age:
MIRANDA, SHAN IVAN S.
ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3
ENG1A

This stage is the extension after 65 years till death. By this age people’s goals
and abilities have become more limited. The crisis in this stage is the integrity v/s
despair in which the person finds meaning in memories or instead looks back on
life with dissatisfaction. The term integrity implies emotional integration; it is not
accepting one’s life as one’s own responsibility. It is based not so much on what
has happened but, as on how one feels about it.

3. distinguish similarities and differences between stages of development

There are three broad stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood,
and adolescence. The definitions of these stages are organized around the
primary tasks of development in each stage, though the boundaries of these
stages are malleable.

Learning Activities: Uncover: THINK IT OVER! Think about your own

development.
Which period or stage of development are you in right now? Adolescents

Are you dealing with similar issues and experiencing comparable physical,
cognitive, and psychosocial development as described above? If no, why not?
YES

Are important aspects of development missing and if so, are they common for
most of your cohort or is it unique to you? Important aspects of development for
me aren’t missing.
MIRANDA, SHAN IVAN S.
ED1- ACTIVITY 1-3
ENG1A

II. INSTILL: Activity “MY FIRSTS” List down at least 5 major “firsts” in your life.
You may include photos of your answers.
1. Saying my first word
2. First time traveling on my own
3. Having my first kiss
4. First Major heartbreak
5. Getting my first salary

III. APPLY: Reflect! Write your own perspectives on human development.

Humans go through many changes in their lives. So what does human

development mean? Human development is defined as the process of expanding
human potential, increasing choices and opportunities, and realizing human
rights. Human development also describes human growth over a lifetime, from
conception to death.So, what is the reason for humans developing? Nature has
built a considerable amount of flexibility, or plasticity, into the developmental
process. This gave humans an exceptional ability to adapt to new environmental
influences. The adaptive relevance of developmental in mind as humans consider
how efficiently they solve the problems associated with developing physically,
intellectually and socially. Another reason is that human development is the
process of growing maturity. Further improvement and development continue
after birth and includes physical and mental development, which is impacted by
the genetic, hormone, environmental and other variables. Physical changes are
the procedure of growth and are able to determine the ultimate outcome. The
majority of the physical changes are exceptionally reliable and predictable.
Humans lift our heads before they crawl. When all said in done, the timing of
development is a result of evolutionary history and somewhat reflects the
survival matters that human species have been required to solve. I was told by
my mother my weight during infancy was 10 pounds. I am in the stage of growth
during infancy at that time. In general, a newborn baby’s weight is about 7
pounds and 20 inches in length. Following 2 years, a newborn baby will start to
develop from infancy to toddlerhood. Toddlerhood will reach about half of their
parental figure height. Along with the rest of the body, toddlerhood’s brain
continues the impressive outburst during this stage. Toddlerhood’s brain would
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expand to 75% from 25% of their final weight during infancy. The increased size
of the brain is not due primarily to form new neurons but makes up the cerebral
cortex in place well before birth. I remember that when I was 6, I grew in height
and my weight increased. I like drawing and spend all my time drawing
everything. During the early childhood stage, children’s growth is predictable.
Another study of students and researchers discovered that although children in
this age have been weaned, they still remain dependent on adult support. Early
childhood is the time for children to develop basic movement skills and testing
oneself physically in a different environment. When I was 12 years old, I noticed
that my body changed slightly. My voice became deeper and the reproductive
system has a brief growth spurt compared to when I was at the age of 10. I do not
dare to tell my parents about this because I do not have the knowledge about
maturing sexually. I am in the toddlerhood to adolescence stage during that time.
From the outset of toddlerhood through adolescence, the growth rate continues
but at a less rapid step. There are more noticeable changes that occur in
hand-to-eye coordination as children mature. Three-years-old lacks the grace and
coordination that is so obvious in 6 years old. The brain continues to mature but
at a slower pace compared to prenatal development. The end of early childhood
and the start of adolescence is an important process in the physical and
psychological transition period. During this stage, adolescence growth will spurt
and the onset of puberty. Puberty is a period that a person reaches sexual
maturity and its potentially capable of reproduction. Puberty stands an important
role in development in nature and nurture. Hormones release by the endocrine
system rock adolescence out of childhood by provoking a rapid increase in
height and weight accompanied by the enlargement and maturation of internal
and external sexual organs. Puberty stands an important role in development in
nature and nurture.