Group 3

Good
morning
everyone!
today, we're going to have the
continuation of our lesson last
meeting. Let's start, shall we?
 Buffer
Solution
Buffer Solution

What is Buffer Solution? Buffer solution resists

a change in pH when small amounts of acid or
alkali are added. Its purpose is to maintain a
relatively constant pH value.
Buffer Solution

It is able to neutralize small amounts of

added acid or base, thus maintain the
pH of the solution relatively stable.
Buffer
solution
An acid buffer is made by mixing
a weak acid with a solution of its
salt of a strong alkali. A buffer
solution consists of a weak and its
conjugate weak base
counterpart.
weak acid
finding conjugate base
Buffer has two considerations :
It has to be weak acids with its conjugate
base or weak base with its conjugate acid.
There are three ways to make a buffer :
example :
Any questions?
Henderson-
Hasselbalch
equation
Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is an

approximation, with a certain region of validity. By
its nature, it does.not take into account the self-
dissociation of water, which becomes increasingly
important in dilute solutions.
Henderson-
Hasselbalch
equation When concentrations reach
somewhere around 10−5 mol L−1
or lower, the true pH will deviate
significantly from the value
predicted by the HH equation.
However, this is not the problem
most of the time.
 Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation

HH equation might produce poor predictions [X] ; we replace

pH=pKa+log10 [A−][HA](13) for the worse approximation
pH=pKa+log10 CA−CHA.(14) It is also a noticeably poor
approximation for weak acids/bases with relatively high
ionization constants (say, K>10−2 ).This can be done by
titrating half of the weak acid with a strong monoprotic base.
 Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation

[H+]3+(Ka+CoBVBVA+VB)[H+]
(CoBVBVA+VBKa−CoAVAVA+VBKa−kw)[H+]−Kakw=0(15) VA is
the volume of the weak acid solution being titrated. CoA is
formal initial concentration. VB is a variable volume of strong
base solution added with formal initial concentration
Henderson-
Hasselbalch
equation Start with 100 mL of weak aid sol
of 0.9 mol L−1 with a Ka=10−3.
Add 50 mL of base 0.9 mol L−1.
CHA=0.3 mol L−1 and CA−=0.3
mol L−1 has [H+]=9.93399×10−4
mol L−1. Results in pH=3.00288
 Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation

Dilute weak acid and strong base concentrations by 10. When

starting with solution of HA with initial concentration equal to
9×10−4 mol L−1 [H+]<9×10−4 mol L−1 and thus pH. Replaced
every value of 0.9 with 0.09, then 0.009, and so on. The actual
concentrations HA and A− are compared with CHA and CA− .
CA−CHA is always equal to 1, A− HA rockets away.
any questions?
THANK YOU