Accommodation and Food Services

Operating Sectors of the Tourism Industry

Sec o
Food Services Sector t r
Accommoda o Touris
ti n m
Service
s
vents Sector T

E
s
S
e ent
Entertainm
r

S
a

e n

A c
s

t
p

t r

t o

r o

a r

c t

t a

i
o t

i
n
n
o

c
t

Travel Trade
o
r

Adventure & Outdoo Recreation Secto

r r Sector

Sector

• Providing overnight accommodations for travelers goes back into

ancient times. It is the world’s oldest commercial industry.

• Today, lodging and food service activities are enormous in economic

importance.
• Many lodging places provide meeting rooms, conventions, bars,
entertainment, gift shops, gaming, health clubs, and other activities and
facilities.

• Accommodations and food services are critical sectors of the tourism

industry.

• The earliest public houses, or hostelries, were empty huts placed at

group stops in the orient (the eastern part of the world, especially China
and Japan) to shelter traders and travelers.
• To pilgrims, temple and religious houses gave rest and
refreshment.

• In the middle ages, religious groups operated roadside

inns. In those days it was not difficult for a person to start
 a hotel.

• Anyone with spare beds in house was free to offer them

to travelers, although guests at such hotels may not have
enjoyed the privacy that today’s hotel guests have.
Modern Hotels
• The first hotel built as a hotel was opened in London in 1774 in Covent
Garden.

• New York was not far behind with its City Hotel, which opened in 1794.

• But the first hotel complete with French Cuisine was the Tremont in
Boston, which opened early in the nineteenth century.

• In the last half of the nineteenth century many famous hotels were
opened.
• Today there are an estimated 100000 plus hotels around the world, with
about 50% of them located in North America.

• These hotels are large employers and contribute in a major way to the
economy through salaries and wages paid to employees.
• The organization of a large hotel can quite complex.

• Large hotels have several separate departments (many dept. like

Room division, Marketing, Sales, House keeping, Catering,
Finance, and so on) each run by its own department head.

• Different departments must coordinate with each other for the

efficient performance of the hotel in general.

• For example, food department must know how much rooms are
 occupied on a particular day for its food planning.

Types of Accommodations

Accommodation can be classified into various types,

although any classification is purely arbitrary and can
give only some indication of what the various descriptive
terms mean.
General Hotels
The general terms, hotel can mean anything from a ten room boarding house
to a building with-
- a thousand or more rooms
- convention and meeting facilities
- Recreation facilities as such as swimming pools, and tennis court so
 and so
- 24 hours room service
- Several restaurants and bars with various types of entertainment
Hotels can be further categorized into:
- convention hotels
- Transient or commercial hotels
- Resort hotels
- Airport hotels
Motor Hotels

• They are generally hotels that offer free parking •

They normally have anywhere from 30-300 rooms

• Usually motor hotels have restaurants and lounges and

sometimes other services, and today swimming pools are
generally expected by motor hotel guests.
Motels

• Motels offer rooms only, with no other facilities

such as restaurants, although they do normally have
free parking.

• Motels are frequently found along busy highways

and cater primarily to transient, cost conscious
travelers.
Resort Hotels
 • They are most frequently found in destination areas and
are designed mainly for recreation tourists.

• Guest rooms in resort hotels are generally larger than

those in other types of hotels and often provide kitchen
facilities, as these hotels cater to families, who sometimes
stay there for several weeks.
Condominium Hotels
• They are hotels with apartments (condominiums) instead of basic
rooms
• The condominium units are sold by the hotel developer to individuals
who have title to the physical real estate
• The individuals than contract back to the developer, or to a third party
management company to operate the hotel and rent the space to visiting
tourists.
• The individual owners may have the rights to visit the condominium
hotel and stay in their own unit during specific and restricted periods of
the year, often at a reduced room rate.
• The developer / management company receives a fee for managing
and renting
Timesharing

• Timesharing began when people found it difficult to make

reservations from year to year to obtain space in a popular
hotel in the summer.

• In order to be guaranteed space, guests began prepaying for

rooms for a specified number of years ahead to ensure they
would obtain the space they wanted for the one or more
weeks they wanted, at the hotel of their choice.
Location of Timesharing Resorts:

North America 31%

Europe 25%
Latin America 16%
Asia 14%
Rest of the world 14%
Total= 100%

Resorts and
Timesharing
 • 41% of the world’s timeshare units are located in the U.S.

• There are 4.4 million U.S. timeshare owners

• Timeshare resorts are located in 95 countries

• Timeshare owners reside in more than 174 nations

• Major companies such as Disney, Hilton, Marriott etc. have

become involved in timeshare
Pensions and Paradors
• They are accommodation facilities owned and operated by a
family that usually lives in building
• Pensions have only a handful of rental units
• They offer breakfast but do not have facilities for any other
meal
• Paradors are unique to Spain
• They are generally old castles, convents, or monasteries that
have been converted into hotels by the government and are
operated by the government
Campgrounds

• Camping is a popular form of overnight

accommodation in both Europe and North America

• Campgrounds and Recreation Vehicles (RVs)

 stopping spots are frequently found in government
parks and forests.
Other Types of Accommodations

Other types of tourist accommodations are:

• hostels

• houseboats

• a more recent type is Flotel (floating hotel),

a motel made up of houseboats
Classes of Hotels
• There is no internationally recognized system to classify hotels

• In Europe, accommodations are often classified by a system of

asterisks or stars

• A luxury hotel is in the four-or-five star category (some are even

rated with four and a half stars)

• economy or basic commercial hotels have only one star

• In Australia, the word hotel may not mean a hotel at all but often
simply a pub (where alcoholic drinks available) with few rooms on
top, as rooms are required in order to obtain a liquor license.
Top 25 Hotel Chains
Rank Corporate Chain Rooms Hotels 1 InterContinental Hotels Group
556,246 3,741 2 Wyndham Hotel Group 543,234 6,473 3 Marriott International
513,832 2,832 4 Hilton Hotels Corp. 501,478 2,935 5 Accor 486,512 4,121 6 Choice
Hotels International 435,000 5,376 7 Best Western International 315,401 4,164 8
 Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide 265,600 871 9 Carlson Hospitality
Worldwide 145,331 945 10 Global Hyatt Corp. 140,416 749 11 TUI AG/TUI Hotels
& Resorts 82,111 279 12 Sol Meliá SA 80,856 407 13 Extended Stay Hotels 75,860
681 14 LQ Management LLC (was La Quinta Corp.) 64,856 582 15 Westmount
Hospitality Group 63,380 384 16 Société du Louvre 59,616 840 17 Jin Jiang
International Hotels 53,552 277 18 Golden Tulip Hospitality/THL 51,182 512 19
Interstate Hotels & Resorts 50,199 223 20 NH Hoteles SA 47,799 330 21 Vantage
Hospitality Group (American Best Value Inns) 46,910 699
22 Rezidor Hotel Group 45,463 225 23 Fairmont Raffles Holdings International
44,149 123 24 MGM Mirage 43,785 18 25 Walt Disney World Co. 40,399 47

*Rankings are based on total rooms

Source: Hotels, July 2007. Hotels magazine, a Cahners Publication, 2000 Clearwater Drive, Oak Brook, IL, U.S.A. 60523.

Food Services

Structure Food Services

Fast Food Traditional Restaurants

Restaurants

Cafeterias

Chain
Independent In-Hotel Independent
 Ethnic Minimal Service
Specialty Specialty
Broad Menu Full Service

Ethnic Local Local

The Food Service Industry

• Restaurants in one form or another, have existed for a
longer period of time than has any other sector of the
tourism business

• Even in the days of Greek and Roman empires, restaurants, or taverns

(kind of pub also selling some food items) were common.

• In the sixteenth century, British inns and taverns begun to serve one meal
a day at a fixed time and price and at a common table.

• The meal was known as the ordinary, and these dining rooms were
called ordinaries.

• The world restaurant was first used in the late eighteenth century for a
Paris dining room serving light, or restoring (thus restaurant), dishes.
 Classifying Restaurants

• As there are so many kinds, it is difficult to classify restaurants

• Non-hotel food services can be broadly classified as multiunit

corporate restaurant chains or franchises such as McDonalds's
and KFC, and the independents that may operate only a single
food service outlet.
Family or Commercial Restaurants:

• Offer a wide menu of meat and potatoes selections within a

medium price range.

• If they have a liquor license, it will usually be restricted to beer

and wine

• The décor is bright, and a combination of counters, tables are

found.

• Parking is a necessary

• Operating hours are usually from early evening to midnight

c
Coffee Shops:

• Characterized by fast-food service and high seat

turnover • The décor is simple, are prices are relatively low

• The best location is an office building or shopping mall with a

high pedestrian or dull traffic volume.

• The staff are minimally trained

 • Peak periods are lunch and coffee breaks, with some
breakfast business

• Hours may run from early morning to early evening or

later • A take out service may be offered

Cafeterias:

• Shopping centers and office buildings are likely locations

• Required large traffic volumes

• Self service is typical, with somewhat limited menus of soups,

entrees (main dish of the meal), desserts, and beverages.

• Their staff are minimally trained, beer and wine may be offered.

• Hours depend on the location

Gourmet ( Pleasure seeking) Restaurants:
• high-quality food shop
• They require an expensive ambience (character and
atmosphere of a place) and décor.
• Caters to those who want a higher standard and are willing to
pay for it.
• The prices are higher at a gourmet restaurant
• Their seat turnover is slow
• The menu and wines must be carefully planned, and the staff
must be highly trained.
• Even though the lunch trade is important to such restaurants
the evening period is often their main emphasis
Ethnic Restaurants:
• Ethnic restaurants feature the foods of a specific region or
country
• They can be family to gourmet cuisine (a style of cooking or
food served in a restaurant)
• A décor fitting the ethnic motif (design of a pattern) is
important, as is menu design, staff uniforms, and training. •
Food preparation staff must be well trained and knowledgeable •
Prices range from budget to elevated
• Beer, wine, and liquor may or may not be served • The main
hours being in the evening although a luncheon business with
lower prices may also be feasible
Fast-Food Restaurants:

• Franchising is prevalent (commonly) in this type of restaurant

• Fast food restaurant can be eat in or take out or combination
of both

• Their menu is limited with relatively low process

• Fast food restaurants must stay open long hours and

generally seven days a week

• Alcoholic beverages are not usually offered. A well staff may

not be important
Deli Shops:

• Delicatessen ( store sells cooked meats and cheeses, and

special foods that come from other countries) food service,
combining traditional delicatessen cold meats and cheeses with
takeout sandwiches, salads, and similar items

• Some deli shops may also have limited seating

• They are generally located in traditional shopping areas or
office buildings

• Usually are open from 9 AM to 5 PM or 9 PM. Takeout

selections are limited
Buffet Restaurants:

• They are usually established as a completely self-service

operation

• If liquor beer and wine are offered table service for these
beverage may be necessary

• The food buffet is usually offer to eat hot and cold food one
price operation.

• Buffet restaurants cater primarily to the family

trade • must offer reasonable prices

• Although a luncheon trade may be feasible, the principal

business is from 5pm to 11pm.
Transportation Feeding:

• Restaurants of all kinds are commonly found along auto and

bus transportation routes, but they also are found at bus rail,
and air transportation buildings, as well as on the transportation
vehicles themselves, such as trains, ships and airplanes.

• These restaurants require special cafeteria or buffet facilities

so that arriving groups can quickly be fed and continue on their
travels.

Meetings and Conventions

• Industry worth $122.3 billion
• Average convention attendee spends $290 per day
in the city, stays 3.5 days and spends $1,036 per
event
• Convention
centers are
expanding