Math GR10T3 SA2 & AU3 Reviewer

I. Angles formed By Chords, Tangents, and Secants

Recall:
Chords: Segment that connects 2 distinct points on a circle.
Tangents: Line that intersects with the circle on only 1 point.
Secants: Line that intersects with the circle on 2 points.

Theorems

Secant and Tangent (on If a secant and a tangent

the circle) intersect on the circle, then the
measure of each angle formed
is equal to one-half the measure
of the intercepted arc.

Two Chords If two chords intersect, then the

(inside the circle)
measure of an angle formed is
equal to one half the sum of the
measures of the two arcs
intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.

Lines With a Common If two secants, a secant and a

Endpoint tangent, or two tangents
(outside the circle) intersect outside a circle, then
the measure of the angle
formed is equal to one-half the
 difference of the measures of See below for illustration.
the intercepted arcs.

N.B: In the case of two

tangents, the exterior angle and
near arc are supplementary
(equal to 180°).

II. Segment Lengths of a Circle

 Segments of Tangents & Secants

Tangent Segment A segment that is tangent to a circle.

Secant Segmant A segment that is a secant to a

circle.

External Segment A segment that is outside of a circle.

Theorems

Finding If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle,

Lengths of then the product of the lengths of the
Parts of a segments of one chord is equal to the product
Chord of the lengths of the segments of the other
chord.

One side•Other side = One side•other side

EC•ED = AE•EB

Two Secant If two secant segments share the same

Segments endpoint outside a circle, then the product of
Theorem one secant segment and the external segment
and is equal to the product of the other secant
segment with its corresponding external
segment.

Inside • Outside = Inside • Outside

 Secant and If a secant segment and a tangent segment
Tangent share the same endpoint outside a circle, then
the product of the external secant segment
and the internal secant segment is equal to the
square of the tangent segment.

Secant Inside • Secant Outside = Tangent2

III. Distance and Midpoint Formulas

Distance Formula: Given any two points A(x 1,y1) and B(x2,y2), the distance between them can be
solved using the formula:
____________
d = √(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2

Midpoint Formula: Given the endpoints of a segment A(x 1,y1) and B(x2,y2), the coordinates of the
midpoints of the given segment can be solved using the formula:

x1+x2, y1+y2
2 2

IV. Equation of Circle (Center-Radius/Standard Form and General Form)

- The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at (h,k) and a radius of r units is:
(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2

- If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of the circle is: x2 + y2 = r2

- The general form of equation of a circle is: Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

A, B, C, D, and E are constants and A=B.

- How to convert general form to standard form:

1. Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0
2. Ax2 + Cx + By2 + Dy = -E (Transpose the constant)
3. (Ax2 + Cx + 1/2C2) + (By2 + Dy + 1/2D2) = -E + 1/2C2 + 1/2D2 (Complete the
square of each expression)
4. (Ax + 1/2C)2 + (By + 1/2D)2 = -E + 1/2C2 + 1/2D2 (Simplify to get the standard
form)
 V. Graphs of Circles and other Geometric Figures

(problem solving and graph identification, look at circle graphing exercises and previous
competencies)

VI. Equation of a Circle Determined by Certain Conditions

Writing equation of a circle determined by some conditions:

1. Endpoints of a diameter
a. Find the midpoint of the diameter to get the center.
b. Find the distance of the diameter, divide it by 2 to get the radius.

2. Given the center and a point on a circle

a. Input the center and point into the standard form to get the radius.

3. The circle is tangent to x-axis or y-axis

a. If the circle is tangent to x-axis, one of the points of the circle is (x,0).
b. If the circle is tangent to y-axis, one of the points of the circle is (0,y).