Final Essay

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Introduction
War arises due to changing relations of numerous variables in regards to external
factors such as technological, social, intellectual and psychic. International war and
violence majorly take place because of opposing interests and capabilities that also
include the specific differences between social-cultural aspects and significant
changes in the balance of powers. The purpose of this essay is to select a scenario of
international war that is happening between Russia and Ukraine and discuss the
details. In this regard, the question that has been chosen from the provided list is in
regard to the discussion of the different roles of international factors that have caused
Russia's war against Ukraine. In this regard, the essay has argued that the major
International factor that has caused the war between Russia and Ukraine is related to
economic gain, social-cultural similarity, cognitive imbalance and territorial gain.
Therefore, this essay will first discuss the reason behind Russia's war against Ukraine.
Secondly, this will highlight the role of international factors that have forced the war
between the two countries. Furthermore, there is a will also provide some major
recommendations to avoid such incidents in future, followed by the conclusion.

Background History of Russia's war against Ukraine.

The war that has been happening between Russia and Ukraine is an ongoing war
which was begun in February 2014 as a silent war, and currently, it has become the
worst face of war in history. Russia and Ukraine both were the members of
Communist Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in 1991, where different agreements
were being made as they separated and started transitioning towards market-oriented
economies. Studies have highlighted that by the end of 2013, Ukraine and the national
parliament wanted to build a closer relationship with western Europe and others
wanted to build closer ties with Russia (Feklyunina, 2016). Ever since the conflict
started between these two countries, mostly peaceful protest has started taking place,
which has now taken a face of violence. In February 2014, after the parliament
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appointed an interim government that majorly focused on building a great relationship
with western Europe, Russia started implanting their military action against some
parts of Ukraine that was mainly focusing on the status of Crimea and the Donbas
(Black & Johns, 2016). These eight years of conflict between Russia and Ukraine
have created major issues in regard to naval incidents, cyber warfare and political
tensions between the two countries. In particular, the conflicts between Russia and
Ukraine have significantly expanded, and on the 24th of February 2022, Russia has
launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine and started at the border (Motyl, 2014).
Following the Euromaidan fights and an upheaval bringing about the evacuation of
favourable to Russian President Viktor Yanukovych in February 2014, supportive of
Russian distress emitted in pieces of Ukraine. Russian warriors without badges
assumed command over essential positions and foundations in the Ukrainian domain
of Crimea and held onto the Crimean Parliament. Russia coordinated a broadly
scrutinised mandate, whose result was for Crimea to join Russia. It then attached
Crimea. In April 2014, exhibits supportive of Russian gatherings in the Donbas area
of Ukraine swelled into a conflict between the Ukrainian military and Russian-upheld
separatists of one pronounced Donetsk and Luhansk republics.

Major Triggers of War between Russia and Ukraine

Ukraine has long played an important role in the overall global security order but has,
most of the time, been overlooked. At the current time, the country is on the front
lines of a renewed great power rivalry as Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has
marked A dramatic escalation in the ongoing historical conflict between Russia and
Ukraine and is a turning point for European security (CFR, 2022). Studies have
highlighted that Ukraine has always been a cornerstone of the Soviet Union which
was the archrival of the United States during the Cold War. For the past three decades
of independence, Ukraine has always focused on building its own path as a sovereign
state and building more effective and close relationships with Western institutions,
including the EU and NATO. However, Ukraine has become a battleground since

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2014 as Russia has been creating major conflicts and war situations with Ukraine
(BBC, 2022). While analysing the major reason Behind Russia's broad interest in
Ukraine has been highlighted that Russia has always been a country that is rich in
deep cultural, economic and political bonds with Ukraine and in a variety of aspects,
Ukraine is central to Russia's identity and vision for self at the global level. While
analysing the historical background, it has been highlighted that Russia and Ukraine
share family ties and strong familial bonds, whereas Ukraine's capital has sometimes
as referred to as the mother of Russian cities. However, Ukraine's ties with the EU has
brought tensions among Russians and has created major conflict between both the
countries in the year 2013 and 2014. In the year of 2013, President Yanukovych was
acting under pressure from their supporters in Moscow, who scrapped plans for the
formalisation of a closer economic relationship with the EU (BBC, 2022). Putin
outlined the following tumult of Euromaidan, which constrained Yanukovych from
power, as a Western-upheld "extremist overthrow" that imperilled the ethnic Russian
larger part of Crimea (Freire & Heller, 2018). Western leaders excused this as
unmerited publicity suggestive of the Soviet time. In this regard, Putin has also
ordered a covert invasion of Crimea and has issued a statement that Ukraine has
crossed the line, and that is why they had to employ a rescue operation.

Role of International Factors that have forced the war

between the two countries

Russia's Problem with NATO

NATO, which is also known as the North Atlantic Treaty organisation, is the military
alliance formed in 1949 by 12 countries that also including the United States, the
United Kingdom, Canada and France. The members of this organisation agree to
come to one another's aid in the event of any armed attack against any individual
member state, and this organisation was originally formed in order to counter the

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threat of post-war Russian expansion in Europe (LSE, 2022). While analysing the first
major international factor that has caused the war between Ukraine and Russia, it has
been identified that Russia wants the West to keep Ukraine and other former Soviet
nations out of NATO. Additionally, we also want to hold weapons deployments near
Russian borders and want to roll back forces from Eastern Europe (Gould, 2020).
White analysing The major issue between NATO and Russia, it has been identified
that Russia's leaders of this 30 member defensive military alliance have one aim that
majorly focuses on eating the society in Russia and ultimately destroying it (Charap &
Troitskiy, 2013). Additionally, the President of Russia, Putin, also demands that
NATO should turn the clock back to 1997 and focus on reversing its east for
expansion by removing his forces and military infrastructure from member states who
have joined the alliance in 1997 and have not deployed strike papers around the
Russian border that majorly includes central Europe, it in Europe and the Baltics
(Samokhvalov, 2015). Besides another reason behind the differences between Russia
and NATO is because, in 1919, the West promised that NATO would not expand into
the east area but has expanded in more than 12 regions till now (Bechev, 2015). Putin
further highlights that the topic of not to expansion was never discussed previously,
but now it has been continuously expanding for the past few decades. 

Protection from external attacks after joining NATO

The analysis of another international factor, the major reason for war in Ukraine, has
alerted that Ukraine wants to join NATO in order to straighten its military aspect from
foreign aggression. However, for decades Ukraine has never wanted to join NATO,
but with the change in time, the conflicts with Russia have taken place and provoked
Ukraine to join the defence alliance in order to avoid being left alone in the face of
Russia (Cross, 2015). In April 2008, Ukraine and Georgia got an opportunity to join
NATO at the Bucharest Summit. In spite of the great place of the organisation of US
President George W. Hedge, the choice on the application for enrolment was then
obstructed by Germany and France, specifically because of tension from the Russian

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Federation (Forsberg & Herd, 2015). Four months after the highest point, Russia sent
off an attack on Georgia and after six years, Russia involved the Ukrainian Crimea
and Donbas. Clearly, the Russian Federation is ready to go after just the individuals
who are let be to safeguard themselves. This is the centre of Putin's "security
confirmations" to Ukraine, NATO, and the US was supposed to leave Eastern Europe
to its destiny as a characteristic of regard for Russia (Donaldson, 2017).

Limitation of Deployment of Troops

Reports have revealed that Putin is accusing the US and the West of not meeting their
key demands in order to avoid a full-scale military conflict with Ukraine that has now
been threatening European security (Krastev & Leonard, 2015). In this regard,
Russia's foreign ministry has released a list of key demands that should be fulfilled in
order to avoid the situation of war against Ukraine. For instance, Russia is demanding
NATO that they should limit their deployment of troops and weapons to the alliance
in the eastern flank and should minimise the number of allied forces to the same
number that was formed in 1997 before an East word extension (Sahakyan, 2022).
However, since 1997 NATO has been expanded in more than 12 countries, including
Poland and the former Soviet countries of Estonia, Balco countries, Lithuania and
Latvia, and now planning to associate with Ukraine, which has caused a war between
Russia and Ukraine (Hall, 2022). Additionally, Putin has also wanted a guarantee
from Ukraine that they will not enter the US-led NATO and has demanded that
NATO will rule out their further expansion, including the Association of Ukraine into
the alliance, and should not provide military help to Ukraine. 

Impact on the Economy

Another major factor of war has highlighted that apart from the suffering of the
humanitarian crisis due to Russia's innovation in Ukraine, the entire global economy
has been majorly affected and witnessing slower growth and faster inflation in the
country. The solution in packs and conflict is majorly in front of the global economy

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and will also affect the growth and raise prices. Furthermore, the issue of higher
prices for commodities like food will create a situation of inflation in the international
market segment and will affect the supply chain and international trade aspect (Liadze
et al. 2022). Russia's national bank has found a way extraordinary ways to set up the
plunging ruble. However, an unfamiliar venture is flooding out of the country. Oil
organisations, for example, BP and Shell, have pulled out of their stakes in Russian
energy adventures. Norwegian Oil and Gas, a relationship for oil and provider
organisations on the planet's third-biggest flammable gas exporter. The French energy
combination TotalEnergies said it wouldn't finance any new tasks in Russia.
However, it avoided forsaking its property there. Apple declared that it quit selling its
iPhone and different items in Russia as a component of a corporate crackdown over
the attack on Ukraine. Other significant tech organisations have additionally
shortened their business in Russia. However, Apple's activities could especially sting
on the grounds that its items are valued by numerous buyers and organisations.

Global Reaction
While analysing the major reason for the error, it has been identified that Ukraine's
main error was giving up at nuclear arsenal in 1992 as it would have helped the
country deter Russia during the war. The war between Russia and Ukraine has
highlighted that there are many countries have started looking closely at their crisis
and have started reconsidering their options in order to increase their military
spending and impact Germany's foreign policy in order to strengthen their defensive
system (Boungou & Yatié, 2022). For instance, China has started also starting to
regard the West's reaction to the war as it is vital that China also wants to re-unified
Taiwan and assert its claim over the South China Sea, and therefore, there started to
build up its military and prepare its economy for that possible decision to action. The
attack of Russia on Ukraine also encourages countries like China that they should also
start planning action to invade Taiwan, which highlights the major issues at the global
level and increases the chances of war in many regions.

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Humanitarian Impact and Global Food Chain Crisis

Studies have highlighted that more than 11 million people have left their homes in
Ukraine because of the war and 6.5 million people are currently internally discussed
in the country, and 5.3 million have left in the neighbourhood countries. The war has
caused huge issues and has left a strong humanitarian impact as people have also lost
their jobs since the war started, and only 2% of the people are able to find temporary
earnings, which creates a major crucial stage for the country (Yamey et al. 2022).
People who have left the country are currently unemployed and also witnessing a
major food crisis. The war has further will impact the global food crisis as well, as
Ukraine used to feed 400 million people at the global level and was the major supplier
of sunflower oil and grain supplier and global corn supplier. Due to the war situation
in Ukraine, either these plants will not be planted or will not be here and harvested
this year because of the attack and will create major challenges in the supply chain,
which has been disturbed and will more likely increase in the prices of grains and oil
at the global level (Weil & Zachmann, 2022). In addition, Because of the ongoing
circumstance, Ukraine is confronting a food emergency in a few urban areas, like
Mariupol, with restricted to no likelihood of getting more supplies. This food
emergency is a piece of the greater monetary conflict that the intrusion into Ukraine
has set off. The issue won't be restricted to Ukraine, yet additionally hit other Eastern
European nations hard, as costs flood temporarily and deficiencies will increment
over the long run.

Conclusion
In conclusion, through this essay analysis, it has been highlighted that the Russian
invasion of Ukraine has raised several questions about national sovereignty, human
rights, global world orders and democracy versus autocracy. After the invasion of
Ukraine, Russia has also been facing major issues from the western responses as
Asia’s economy has also been affected along with Ukraine’s Academy as EU, US and

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UK, and other Western nations are majorly targeting Russia’s economy in a variety of
ways. The international factors that have caused major issues between Russia and
Ukraine highlighted that there are different groups of aggravating conditions which
increase the likelihood of war as there were certain necessary conditions which were
being formed in 1997 with NATO that has crossed the line and increased the intensity
of war and created the political dissimilarity between Russia and Ukraine.
Additionally, it is also highlighted that the weakness of the status quo power in
Ukraine has also caused the situation of war as the military strength of Ukraine is
higher, which reflects the more authoritative approach at the global level. In addition,
this essay has also highlighted that there were certain demands of President Putin as
he wanted that NATO should rule out further expansion, including the Association of
Ukraine into the alliance, and President Putin also wanted a guarantee from Ukraine
that they would not enter into the US led NATO and the denial of these conditions by
Ukraine’s government has caused war situation.

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