Name/s: Windere Marie N.

Nacionales Course/Year/Section: BS PSYCH 1C Score:

Instructor: Mary Grace Mauricio Group# 4 Date: 10/3/2022

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A. Composition Stoichiometry
(Complete the table and answer the questions that follow)

(a)Mass of copper used 0.463 grams

(b)Mass of filter paper 1.356 grams

(c)Mass of filter paper + copper oxide 1.938 grams

(d)Mass of copper oxide (= c – b) 0.582 g

(e)Mass of oxygen combined (= d – a) 0.119 g

Element Mass Atomic Mass Mole Mole Ratio Formula

Cu (a) 0.463g 63.5 u 0.00729 mol 1

CuO
O (b) 0.119g 16.0 u 0.00744 mol 1

Calculations:
Atomic Mass:
Cu = 63.5 u
O = 16.0 u
Molar Mass:
Cu = 1x63.5 = 63.5 g/mol
O = 1x16.0 =16.0 g/mol
Mole:
0.463 𝑔
Moles of Cu = = 0.00729 mol of Cu
63.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜
0.119 𝑔
Moles of O = = 0.00744 mol of O
16.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Mole Ratio:
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢 0.00729 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢
= = 0.985 ≈ 1
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂 0.00744 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑂
1. Write a balanced equation for the formation of copper (II) hydroxide from copper (II)
nitrate and sodium hydroxide using double replacement reaction.

20H¯( aq ) + Cu2( aq ) Cu(OH)2(s)

Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Cu2+aq + 2NO¯3(aq)

NaOH(aq) Na+(aq) + OH¯(aq)

Balanced Chemical Reaction:

Cu(NO3)(aq) + 2NaOH2 (s) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

2. Write a balanced equation for the formation of copper (II) oxide from copper (II) hydroxide
using decomposition reaction.

Cu(OH)2(s) CuO(s) + H2O(L)

3. If a student does not completely dry the copper oxide and filter paper, what effect will that
have on the ratio of copper to oxygen?

If a student does not completely dry the copper oxide and filter paper, it will affect
the ratio and the mass of the given sample. The result of not drying it completely is to have
inaccurate data when you try to calculate the empirical formula. Therefore, you failed to
have a successful experiment. It is a must to do it properly for us to come up with a specific
and accurate lab report.
B. Reaction Stoichiometry
(Complete the table and answer the questions that follow)

Mass of 50-mL beaker + NaHCO3 30.72 grams

Mass of 50-mL beaker (empty) 28.72 grams

Mass of NaHCO3 2 grams

Mass of 50-mL beaker + residue 29.98 grams

Mass of the residue (Actual Yield) 1.26 grams

Theoretical yield (Calculated) 1.39 g

Percentage Yield 91%

Calculations:
Mass of NaHCO3:
(Mass of 50-mL beaker + NaHCO3) – (Mass of 50-mL beaker (empty))
= 30.72 g – 28.72 g
= 2 grams
Mass of the residue (Actual Yield)
(Mass of 50-mL beaker + residue) – (Mass of 50-mL beaker (empty))
=29.98 g – 28.72 g
=1.26 grams Residue
Theoretical Yield:
Given: 2.00 g of NaCHO3
Molar mass of NaCHO3 Molar mass of NaCl
Na = 1 x 22.99= 22.99 Na= 1 x 22.99 = 22.99
C = 1 x 12.01= 12.09 Cl = 1 x 35.45 = 35.45
H = 1 x 1.01= 1.01 = 58. 44 g/mol
O = 3 x 16.0= 48.00
= 84.01 g/mol
Solutions:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 NaHClO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1
Mass of NaHClO3 x x x
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaHClO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
1 𝑚 𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 NaHClO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 NaCl 58.44 𝑔 /𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
2.00 g of NaHClO3 x x x
84.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 NaHClO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

= 1.39 g of NaCl

Percentage Yield
Given: 1.39 g (Theoretical Yield)
1.26 g ( Actual Yield)
Solution:
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
% Yield = x 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
1.26 𝑔
= x 100 %
1.39𝑔

= 0.91 x 100 %
= 91%

1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of NaHCO3 and HCl.
NaHCO3 (aq) + HCl NaCl aq + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(Acid – Base Reaction or Neutralization)

2. What is the residue left in the beaker? What is the limiting and excess reagent? Prove your
answer.
The residue left in the beaker is Sodium Chloride (NaCl), and the limiting reagent is
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) because it produced less product and is used entirely in the
reaction. On the other hand, Hydrochloric Acid is the excess reagent because it was the reactant
that produced more product required for the reaction between the two reactants.

3. Did you get 100% yield? If not, what are the possible sources of error of having a % yield
greater or lesser than 100?

The Percent Yield of our data is 91%, with this it shows that we did not get a 100 %. This
happened because it is impossible to bet 100% since we cannot avoid human errors and the
removal of water from beaker could greatly affect not getting a 100%.

Conclusion:
I had concluded that in Part A of the Lab report involves many sorts of chemical reactions, like
decomposition and double replacements reactions. Also, I discovered it needs the application of
stoichiometry and balancing of chemical reactions for us to determine the correct answer of the given
question/problem. Additionally, by figuring out how Copper (II) and Oxygen react, we must figure out
the atomic and molecular masses of the elements. We must divide the moles of one element by the
moles of the other element in order to calculate the precise ratio/mole ratio and its empirical formula.
We had reached a mole ratio of 1:1, which allowed the empirical formula for CuO to be discovered.
In the activity's Part B, we looked for or tried to locate the yield percentage. It could be more or
less than 100%. It can assist us in figuring out its correctness by helping us calculate the percent yield.
We must also establish the theoretical yield and the actual yield in order to calculate the percent yield.
After discovering, in order to compute our percentage yield, we must first divide the actual yield by the
theoretical yield and then multiply the result by 100.
In conclusion, the experiment we conducted assessed the reliability of the data. Additionally, it
had shown us that mistakes may happen and have an impact on our calculations. We must be mindful
of the measures and exercise caution when doing our experiment in order to prevent problems when
attempting to measure an ingredient.