Glasswares and Equipment
Chemicals and Reagents
Purpose of Clinical Chemistry
 to facilitate the correct performance of analytic
procedures that yield accurate and precise
information, aiding patient diagnosis and
treatment.
Role of Clinical Laboratory Scientist
 to correctly use basic supplies and equipment
and possess an understanding of fundamental
concepts critical to any analytic procedure
Units of Measure
2 Components of Quantitative Laboratory Result
 ____________
 ____________
Système International d’Unités (SI)
 adopted internationally in 1960, is preferred in
scientific literature and clinical laboratories and
is the only system used in many countries.
 based on the __________________
CHEMICALS
Analytical Chemicals According to their Grades of ____
A. Analytic reagent (AR)
B. Ultrapure (UP)
C. Chemically pure (CP)
D. United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
E. National Formulary (NF)
F. technical or commercial grade
Analytic Reagent Grade
 Establish by the American Chemical Society
 Labels on reagents state the
___________________ for each chemical lot or
list the maximum allowable impurities
 suitable for use in most
____________________
 For qualitative and quantitative analyses;
essential for _____________
 Uses:
 ________________________
 ________________________
Ultrapure Chemicals
 have been put through ____________________
 use in specific procedures such as
 chromatography,
 atomic absorption,
 immunoassays,
 molecular diagnostics,
 standardization, or
 other techniques that require extremely
pure chemicals
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National
Formulary (NF)
 used to ______________________
 limitations established for this group of
chemicals are based only on the criterion of not
being ___________ to individuals
 Approve for _____________________
 pure enough for use in most chemical
procedures
 purity standards are __________ on the needs
of the laboratory
Chemically Pure (CP)
 ___________________are not stated
 preparation of these chemicals is __________
 Purity is usually delivered by measurement of
_______________________
 not recommended that clinical laboratories use
these chemicals for reagent preparation unless
further ________________ or a reagent blank is
included
Technical or commercial grade Reagents
 used primarily in _________________
 should _______________in the clinical laboratory.
Reference Materials
Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) are ‘controls’ or
standards used to check the quality and metrological
traceability of products, to validate analytical
measurement methods, or for the calibration of
instruments. A certified reference material is a
particular form of measurement standard

Primary Standard
 __________________chemical that can be
measured directly to produce a substance of exact
known concentration and purity
 The ACS purity tolerances for primary standards are
_________________________
 National Institute of Standards and
Technologycertified standard reference materials
(SRMs) are used instead of ACS primary standard
materials

Secondary Standard
 substance of ___________________ with
concentration determined by comparison with a
__________________
 depends not only on its composition, which cannot
be directly determined, but also on the
___________________