MENDELIAN GENETICS

It’s ALL Began with the Garden Peas

 Passing of traits

PARENTS OFFSPRING
 (n)
23 chromosomes

(2n) 46 chromosomes
IT IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT STUDIES
HEREDITARY INFORMATION.
MENDELIAN MOLECULAR POPULATION
GENETICS GENETICS GENETICS
He studied the traits of the garden PEA (Pisum
sativum) to understand HEREDITY.
WHY DID HE USED PEA PLANT IN HIS EXPERIMENT?

1. Presence of observable traits with contrasting forms

2. Produces many offspring in one cross
3. Short life cycle/short generation of time
4. Ease in manipulating pollination (cross-pollination)
 CROSS
POLLINATION

Mendel bred different varieties of garden peas and cross-pollinated flowers

He observed the
contrasting
expressions and
alternating forms of a
trait called ALLELES
using the PUNNETT
SQUARE .
 1. RULE OF UNIT FACTORS IN

MENDELIAN PAIR
2. PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE
POSTULATES AND RECESSIVENESS

or
3. LAW OF SEGREGATION
4. LAW OF INDEPENDENT

LAWS OF HEREDITY
ASSORTMENT
RULE OF UNIT FACTORS IN PAIR

Genetic characters are

controlled by unit factors
(GENES) that exist in pairs
in individual (Homologous
chromosomes).
PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS

Alleles of traits can be expressed in

the next generation as DOMINANT
ALLELE or RECESSIVE ALLELES.

Dominant allele -EXPRESSED Trait

Recessive allele - HIDDEN Trait
LAW OF SEGREGATION

It states that the two

alleles of one trait
segregate from each
other during gamete
formation.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

It states that the

alleles of different
genes separate
independently from
each other during
gamete formation.
 1. RULE OF UNIT FACTORS IN

MENDELIAN PAIR
2. PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE
POSTULATES AND RECESSIVENESS

or
3. LAW OF SEGREGATION
4. LAW OF INDEPENDENT

LAWS OF HEREDITY
ASSORTMENT