Assessment of Clients with Life Threatening Opioids  Visceral

Conditions  Superficial somatic

Acute Pain VS Chronic Pain superficial somatic pain:
Acute Verbal or coded report of the Pain initiated by activation of
Pain presence of indicators of severe nociceptors in the skin or
discomfort (pain) with a duration of other superficial tissue; it is
less than 6 months (specify type & sharp, well-defined, and
location: joint pain, low back, clearly located. Examples of
cervical, knee pain) injuries that produce
Chronic Severe discomfort (pain) with a superficial somatic pain
Pain duration of more than 6 months include minor wounds and
(specify type and location: joint minor (first degree) burns.
pain, low back, cervical, knee pain)
Non-opioid  Somatic pain
NOTE: Perception of severe discomfort, or pain,
analgesics,
signals possible tissue damage
NSAIDs
Anticonvulsants  Neuropathic pain
, Medications used to control
antidepressants, epileptic seizures are known
as anticonvulsants, anti-
seizure medications, or
neuroleptic medications.
These medications can also
help calm nerve pain and are
often a first-line treatment
option. Anticonvulsant
medications include:
 Carbamazepine
(brand name Tegretol)
 Gabapentin (brand
name Neurontin)
Oxcarbazepine (brand
3 Types of Pain name Oxtellar XR,
Somatic localized, acute pain in skin, and Trileptal)
muscle or joint
 Pregabalin (brand
name Lyrica)
a. Cutaneous – pain receptors in
 Topiramate, Topamax
skin are activated
(brand name Qudexy
XR, Topamax, and
b. Deep tissue – deep aching in a
Trokendi XR)
muscle; persists or worsens
 Tramadol
Visceral deep acute pain from an organ
Neuropathic acute or chronic; results from
injuries or diseases that directly
affect the peripheral or CNS
Hints:
Mu agonists, gabapentinoids, and GABAB agonists
reduce pain by binding to central receptors and
channels.

Nursing Interventions for the different types of pain:

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