Contrast

In spite of In spite of the bad results, Maria was proud of herself.

+noun /+ ing
Despite Despite doing badly in the exams, Maria was proud of herself.

In spite of the fact In spite of the fact that John studied for the test, he failed.
+that
Despite the fact Despite the fact that Joan played extremely well, the team lost the match.

Although Although the teacher asked the students to study for the exam, very few of them did it.
+pronoun/+noun
Even though Even though Jan was tired, he went to the party.

However They invited Paula to the party. However, she was ill and couldn't go.
At the beginning of a sentence or after a full
Nevertheless stop. Always followed by a comma Bruno desperately wanted to go the party. Nevertheless, he had to study and decided to stay at home.

Nonetheless Anna had run out of money. Nonetheless, she bought a dress on credit.

But Never at the beginning of a sentence Eric was tired but happy.

Still Should be placed at the beginning of the

Pol hadn't studied for the maths exam. Still, he passed it.
sentence that follows what it contrasts
Yet He is rich, yet he leads a miserable life

On the one hand One can't exist without the other one. On the
other hand is usually followed by a comma On the one hand I'd like a job that pays more, but on the other hand, I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.
On the other hand
In contrast to In contrast to his brother, he isn’t gifted athletically.
Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence
Contrary to Contrary to what most people think, migratory birds can fly thousands of kilometres.

Whereas Followed by a noun or a pronoun David likes tennis, whereas I prefer football.

Instead of +noun /+ ing Instead of going out and do nothing interesting, you should stay at home and help with the house chores.
Can be placed at the beginning of the
All the same sentence that follows what it contrasts We didn't behave the way we were supposed to. All the same, the teacher didn't ground us.
Reason and cause
Because Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence I arrived late at school because I had fallen asleep.

As As I hadn't studied for the exam, I failed.

Since Followed by a sentence Since I had a temperature, I didn't go to school.

Seeing that Seeing that nobody had done the homework, the teacher decided to write to the parents.
Followed by a pronoun,a noun phrase or a
Because of sentence Because of you, I arrived late for school.

On account of Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence On account of the awful weather conditions, they couldn't go skiing.
Can be placed at the beginning or in the
Owing to middle of a sentence I didn't attend the meeting owing to the headache.

Due to Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence The match was postponed due to the bad weather conditions.

For this reason Followed by a sentence The team has won ten matches in a row. For this reason, they are probably going to win the league.
Purpose
In order to Followed by the bare form of the verb. Can Marc is training hard in order to win the NY marathon.
be placed at the begining or in the middle of
So as to a sentence. He looked at job advertisements so as to find a new job.

In order that They will go to an English speaking country in order that they can improve their speaking skills.
Followed by a sentence
So that I will go to France so that I can learn French.
Consequence
Followed by a comma at the beginning of a
Consequently sentence Ona didn't sleep well. Consequently, she was tired in the morning.

As a consequence Followed by a noun phrase or ing Animals are dying as a consequence of global warming.

So Followed by a sentence I was exhausted, so I decided to have an early night.

Therefore Followed by a comma Mireia didn't study enough. Therefore, she failed the Physics exam.

Thus Laura suffers from seasickness. Thus, she avoids travelling by ship.
Followed by a sentence
For this reason Josep has been fired. For this reason, he can't afford to go on holiday.
Addition
Moreover I can't help you with your homework because I'm busy. Moreover, I'm tired.

Furthermore Followed by a sentence The castle was old. Furthermore, it had been destroyed during the war.

In addition Lia is intelligent and hardworking. In addition, she is very lucky.

Besides Can be followed by a sentence or -ing Besides being courageous, she is strong.

What's more Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence He is now a king, and what's more, a well-beloved king.

As well as He broke the window, as well as destroying the wall.

Usually followed by -ing
In addition to In addition to drawing, he is good at painting.

Besides Can be followed by a sentence, a noun phrase or -ing He is not clever enough. Besides, he isn't hardworking.

For example You can use any two colors — for example, red and yellow.
Followed by a comma
For instance What would you do, for instance, if you found a cobra snake?

Such as Followed by a noun Citrus fruits , such as oranges and grapefruits , are high in vitamin C.

Apart from Followed by a noun phrase Nothing else matters to him apart from his job.

Except (for) Followed by a noun, a noun phrase or a sentence Everyone was there except for Jan.
Correlative
Both Both Toni and Lucas like reading horror stories.

Either ... or Followed by a sentence Either Josep's mother or his father cooks dinner.

Neither ... nor Neither my sister nor I speak Chinese.