Turkey is a 

presidential republic within a multi-party system.[157] The current constitution was

approved by referendum in 1982, which determines the government's structure, lays forth the ideals
and standards of the state's conduct, and sets out the state's responsibility to its citizens.
Furthermore, the constitution specifies the people's rights and obligations, as well as principles for
the delegation and exercise of sovereignty that belongs to the people of Turkey. [158]
In the Turkish unitary system, citizens are subject to three levels of government: national, provincial,
and local. The local government's duties are commonly split between municipal
governments and districts, in which executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality
vote of citizens by district. Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. Each
province is divided into districts, for a total of 973 districts.
The government, regulated by a system of separation of powers as defined by the constitution of
Turkey, comprises three branches:

 Legislative: The unicameral Parliament makes law, debates and adopts the budget

bills, declares war, approves treaties, proclaims amnesty and pardon, and has the power
of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. [159]
 Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative
bills before they become law (subject to parliamentary override), can issue presidential
decrees on matters regarding executive power with exception of fundamental rights, individual
rights and certain political rights (parliamentary laws prevail presidential decrees), and appoints
the members of the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce national laws and
policies.[160]
 Judicial: The Constitutional Court (for constitutional adjudication and review of individual
applications concerning human rights), the Court of Cassation (final decision maker in ordinary
judiciary), the Council of State (final decision maker in administrative judiciary) and the Court of
Jurisdictional Disputes (for resolving the disputes between courts for constitutional jurisdiction)
are the four organizations that are described by the Constitution as supreme courts. The judges
of the Constitutional Court are appointed by the president and the parliament. [5]
The Parliament has 600 voting members, each representing a constituency for a five-year term.
Parliamentary seats are distributed among the provinces by population, conform with the census
apportionment. The president is elected by direct vote and serves a five-year term. The president
can't run for re-elections after two terms of five-years, unless parliament prematurely renews the
presidential elections during the second term of the President. Elections for the Parliament and
presidential elections are held on the same day. The Constitutional Court is composed of fifteen
members. A member is elected for a term of twelve years and can't be reelected. The members of
the Constitutional Court are obliged to retire when they are over the age of sixty-five. [161]