CYCLE TEST 1

Sub. Code & Name: EE 1025 Power System Analysis 02 – 3 - 2016

PART – A (5 x 2 = 10 marks)

1. How loads are modeled in power flow and short circuit analysis?

In power flow study, loads are modeled as negative generations.

In short circuit study, loads are neglected.

[MOST OF THE STUDENTS COULD NOT GIVE CORRECT ANSWER]

2. A transmission line has an impedance of (8.3635+j33.4541) Ω and is rated for

250 MVA and 132 kV. Find its per unit impedance based on its ratings.

Zp.u. = 0.12 + j 0.48

3. Transformer rated for 25 MVA, 230 kV / 66 kV feeds an inductive load that

consumes 12 MW and 16 MVAR at 60 kV. Taking 12.5 MVA and 220 kV as base
values at HT side, compute the per unit impedance of the load

12.5 MVA
220 kV
63.13 kV

12 MW
25 MVA 16 MVAR
230 / 66 kV 60 kV

2
66 63. 13
Base Voltage at LT side = 230 x 220 = 63.13 kV; Zbase = 12 .5 = 318.8318 Ω
2
60
|S| = √ 16 2 + 12 2 = 20 MVA; |Z| = 20 = 180 Ω;
180 16
|Z|p.u. = 318 . 8318 = 0.5646; tan θ = 12 = 1.3333; θ = 53.130
0
Zp.u. = 0.5646 ∠53 . 13 = 0.3388 + j 0.4517

OR

1
 Load power = (12 + j 16) MVA = (0.96 + j 1.28) p.u.

Load voltage = 60 kV = 0.9504 p.u.

0. 9504 2
Load impedance = 0.96 - j 1 .28 = (0.3387 + j 0.4516) p.u. = 0.5645 ∠ 53.130

4. What do you understand by primitive impedance matrix?

Primitive impedance matrix relates the elements voltages and element currents. It
is a square matrix. Diagonal elements are the self impedances and off diagonal
elements are the mutual impedances.

1 2 3

[ ]
1
10 − j29 −10 + j30 0
2 −10 + j30 12 − j39 −2 + j10
5. The bus admittance matrix of a network is 3 0 −2 + j10 2 − j9

An element of impedance (0.03 + j 0.04) is added to it between buses 1 and 3.

Obtain the bus admittance matrix of the new network.
3
1 2

Bus admittance matrix of new network is
[ ]
1 22 − j45 −10 + j30 -12 + j 16
2 −10 + j30 12 − j39 −2 + j10
3
-12 + j 16 −2 + j10 14 − j25

[Note that (0.03 + j 0.04} is IMPEDANCE and not ADMITTANCE]

PART – B (4 x 4 = 16 marks)

6. A three-phase transformer rated for 27 MVA, 12.47 kV / 4.16 kV has an impedance

of (0.12 + j 0.82) Ω referred to HV side. The transformer supplies a balanced three-
phase load of 18 MVA, 0.8 power factor at 4.16 kV. Determine the line-to-line
voltage at the HV terminals of the transformer taking transformer ratings as base
values at the HV side. Take the phase angle of the load voltage as zero.
27 MVA

12.47 kV 4.16 kV

ZHV = (0.12 + j 0.82) Ω 18 MVA, 0.8 p.f. at 4.16 kV

2
 27
2
Per unit impedance of the transformer = (0.12 + j 0.82) 12. 47 = (0.0208 + j 0.1424)

Load power = (14.4 + j 10.8) MVA = (0.5333 + j 0.4) per unit

Load voltage = 4.16 ∠ 00 kV = 1.0 ∠ 00

1 .0
Per unit load impedance = 0. 5333 - j 0.4 = 1.2 + j 0.9

1.0
Load current = 1.2 + j 0 .9 = (0.5333 – j 0.4) per unit

Voltage at the HV terminals = [1.0 + (0.0208 + j 0.1424) (0.5333 – j 0.4)] per unit

= (1.0681 + j 0.0676) per unit = 1.0702 ∠ 3.620 per unit

= 13.3462 ∠ 3.620 kV

7. For the network with the following data determine the bus admittance matrix

Element No. Between buses p.u. impedance

1 0 1 j 0.3

2 2 3 j 0.5

3 0 3 j 0.3

4 2 1 j 0.6

5 1 3 j 0.4

Using the formulas for Yii and Yij

1 2 3

[ ]
1
− j 7.5 j 1.6667 j 2 .5
2
j 1.6667 − j3.6667 j2
Ybus =
3 j 2.5 j2 − j 7.8333
[SOME STUDENTS COULD NOT DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN IMPEDANCE j 0.3
and ADMITTANCE j 3.3333]

8. Obtain the admittance model of transformer with off nominal tap setting.

3
9. In a power system, power flow analysis is carried out and bus voltages are
determined. Explain how the transmission loss can be computed.

PART – C

Answer any two questions (2 x 12 = 24 marks)

10. Consider the four bus power system and its oriented graph shown. Marked
values are the per unit impedances. Between the elements 2-3 and 2-4 there
is a mutual coupling of j 0.1. The generator has a reactance of j 0.15. Obtain
the bus admittance matrix of the system.

1 2 3
j 0.8 1 2
5
~ 3

2
j 0.25 4 3
j 0.5 j 0.4 1 4

4
0

1 2 3 4

[ ]
1 10.6667 −4 0 0
2 −4 6 .8206 −1.0257 −1 .7949
3 0 −1 .0257 3. 7821 −2 .7564
0 −1 .7949 −2 .7564 4 .5513
Ybus = - j 4

MANY STUDENTS HAVE TAKEN INVERSE OF MATRIX

[ ] [ ]
0. 5 0 .1 2 10

j 0 .1 0. 8 as -j 10 1. 25

4
11. Fig shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with
generation at bus 1. The voltage at bus 1 is V 1 = 1.0 ∠ 00 per unit. The scheduled
load at buses 2 and 3 are marked on the diagram. Line impedances are marked in
per unit on a 100-MVA base.

 1
j 0.03333
2

400 MW
~
320 Mvar
Slack
j 0.05
j 0.0125

300 MW 270 Mvar

Assuming a flat start using Gauss-Seidel method determine V 2 and V3. Perform one
iteration. Take acceleration factor as 1.2.

[ ]
.... .... .....
- 0.6 .... - 0.4
A2 = - 0.064 - j 0.08; A3 = - 0.027 – j 0.03 B=
- 0.8 - 0 .2 ....

V2(1) = 0.9232 – j 0.096; V3(1) = 0.9491 – j 0.0590

[Many students have taken j 0.03333 as admittance]

12. (a) Develop the power flow model for obtaining power flow solution using Gauss
Seidel method.

[You should write the development of power flow model and NOT the solution procedure]

(b) Explain different types of buses that are to be handled in power flow analysis.

[You must mention need for slack bus and also limits on Q in P-V bus]

[I WISH THE STUDENTS TO WRITE ALL COMPLETE ANSWERS IN TUTORIAL NOTE-

BOOK]