Difference between DBMS and File System?

File system helps in the storage of a collection of raw data files on a hard disc. In
contrast, the DBMS is a software system that helps store, manipulate, and recover
data. 

DBMS
 Too complex to develop and manage application programs.
 Requires more I/O cost to access data.
 Only one user can access the data at any time.
 Complex to maintain non-redundant data.
 It provides less security to data stored.
 It provides less data consistency.
 No independence of data.
 No data abstraction is possible.
 Sharing of data is difficult as data is distributed in many files.
 Examples are C++ and COBOL.

File System
 Due to data independency, easy to develop and manage application programs.
 It requires less I/O cost to access data.
 Simultaneously many users can access the data concurrently.
 Easy to maintain non-redundant data.
 It protects and provides security to data from errand users.
 It provides more data consistency.
 Provides data independency.
 Provides data abstraction.
 Sharing of data is easy as it is centralized.
 Examples are SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL.

Reference: https://byjusexamprep.com/difference-between-file-system-and-dbms-i
 If DBMS is good then why we use file system?
It is used for accessing, creating, and managing databases. The file system provides
the details of data representation and storage of data. Storing and retrieving of data
can't be done efficiently in a file system. DBMS is efficient to use as there are a wide
variety of methods to store and retrieve data.

Reference: https://www.guru99.com/difference-between-file-system-and-
dbms.html#:~:text=It%20is%20used%20for%20accessing,representation%20and
%20storage%20of%20data.&text=Storing%20and%20retrieving%20of%20data,to
%20store%20and%20retrieve%20data

If file system is good then why we use DBMS?

File system doesn't provide the facility of recovery, in case of data loss. DBMS
provides the facility of data backup and recovery. Data security is less in file
processing system. DBMS offers high data security. Here are a wide variety of
methods to store and retrieve data.

Reference: https://www.scaler.com/topics/file-system-vs-dbms/

Which is the latest file system?

The Resilient File System (ReFS) is Microsoft's newest file system, designed to
maximize data availability, scale efficiently to large data sets across diverse
workloads, and provide data integrity with resiliency to corruption. It seeks to
address an expanding set of storage scenarios and establish a foundation for future
innovations.

Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/refs/refs-
overview
 Difference between FAT and NTFS?
FAT is the simpler file system of the two, but NTFS offers different enhancements
and offers increased security. Choosing the right operating system depends on your
needs.

 Fault Tolerance: NTFS automatically repairs files/folders in the case of power

failures or errors. FAT32 maintains two different copies of the FAT in the case
of damage.
 Security: FAT32 only offers shared permissions, while NTFS allows you to set
specific permissions to local files/folders.
 Compression: FAT32 does not offer any compression option. NTFS does allow
for individual compression of files and folders so you don’t slow down the
system.
 Compatibility: NTFS is compatible with operating systems back to Windows
XP. For Mac OS users, however, NTFS systems can only be read by Mac, while
FAT32 drives can be both read and written to by the Mac OS.
Difference between FAT and NTFS?

 Linux supports a range of file systems, including ones used on other operating
systems such as Windows FAT and NTFS. Those may be supported by
embedded developers but normally a Linux file system like the 4 extended file
system (ext4), XFS, or BTRFS will be used for most storage partitions.
Understanding the options can help in selecting the right file system for an
application.
 The Linux file systems covered here include ones that would typically be used
in embedded applications. There is also a class of clustered file systems
designed for multi-node environments like Red Hat’s Global File System (GFS),
GlusterFS, and Lustre.

Reference:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/industrial-automation/article/21804944/whats-
the-difference-between-linux-ext-xfs-and-btrfs-filesystems