1.

Do these examples mark differences between how these

communities function on a cognitive level?
Are the languages cognitively different? In my opinion, yes. People think
differently in different languages. In any community, it can be said that a born
child is initially a neutral entity. The community and language of this
community that the child assimilates with will affect his or her perception of the
world, behavior, and thoughts. When the child was born, for example, in Spain,
but lives in Poland, won't specifically speak only Spanish or Polish. What
language the child will speak depends on what language the child will be
TAUGHT, and will have to adapt to it. Only after acquiring language learning
skills will he or she decide whether he/she wants to speak another language.

In my opinion, these differences are more visible through differences in culture,

behavior, or customs. Two people from two different communities seeing the
same event will remember different details of that event. As a result, they
perceive the world differently and probably have a different opinion on one
topic.

Some communities may not know directions, left, right, numbers, or colors, but
they get along in their way. Language guides our thoughts and conclusions on a
given topic. It shapes our thoughts and influences our choices. It allows us to
determine that something is older or darker than the other. It is people who
decide what word will mean a given thing when creating a language. This is
followed by linguistic habits to given meanings of words.

Each language is different, unique to its speaker, has different sounds,

vocabulary, and, above all, a different structure. Unfortunately, the language
differences fade away, and some languages will disappear over time.

2. If there were no words to talk about racism or homophobia –

would we have no such concept? Could we get rid of these
concepts simply by not having them in our language? And do
they exist because we have language to talk about them?
Language shapes things, not things shaped language. Language influences the
way we see the world. Language strongly shapes our thoughts. Thanks to this,
we have the opportunity to simply speak. We know many words and we know
what mean. If not, we can ask someone or read on the internet and books. All
because there are words that describe something. In my opinion, words like
racism, homophobia have existed because someone created them by means of
language. But, firstly, such a person had noticed these topics and then gave them
names. They exist because we have the language to talk, discuss. If there were
no languages, we would not be able to communicate accurately. We could just
"get along" by using gestures, looks. Our brain is richer in the knowledge of
words which form the basis of communication and learning. Thanks to this,
fields of science such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry still develop.
Language is the basis and thanks to it we can express with words what our brain
wants to convey. So, if there were no words, there would also be no such
concepts as racism or homophobia.

I think people would see someone acting "different" from them, doing
"different" things, but would it be as important to them as it is now? Racism and
homophobia are very negative and unfortunately popular things nowadays, they
lead not only to having a dissenting opinion but also to violence and hate. Many
people are harassed or live in hiding and try not to be ‘’themselves’’.

3. What kind of impact Political Correctness has had on the

way we talk, think, behave?
Political Correctness-the principle of avoiding terms that could be
considered a manifestation of discrimination against persons on the basis
of their race, nationality, religion, social origin, or sexual orientation. The
political system influences the words we use. Political views divide
people morally and it just depends on how they express themselves on a
given topic. If someone supports a political party, he will speak positively
about it. Changes in language are designed to change awareness and,
ideally, lead to cultural change and the elimination of discrimination. For
example, some proponents of political correctness criticize the use of the
masculine plural when referring to a group of people of both sexes what I
consider to be right. This creates new words because instead of saying
''lekarz'' we can say ''lekarka''. This brings us to some kind of reflection on
the correctness of the existence of this world.

4. What if we don’t have a word for something? Is it possible to

express some type of idea using descriptive language?
Thanks to the skill of using a language, speaking with words allows us to
communicate our thoughts and ideas and communicate with another person. But
what if people couldn't speak, there wouldn't be 7,000 languages in the world,
and in fact, there wouldn't be any. How could they communicate?

The language started with a catchy reflex and arose from gestures. Gesticulation
enables us to make small requests, a short conversation, and force us to perform
simple tasks (e.g. sign language). In expressing what we expect, not only words
help us. We also use our facial expressions and body movements, especially
with our hands. By combining gestures, we can create meanings.

However, we have such movements more developed than animals, thanks to the
posture of our bodies. People can show better when they are sad, angry or
happy. A dog walks on four legs, so the dog cannot show us something in the
same way, just as we can show it to another person. For example, when my dog
wants me to play with her while she is eating food, she goes to the bowl and taps
her paw on the bowl. When she asks for something, she stands on her two hind
legs, and the upper two legs are lifted, and everyone knows what she means.
There are many examples. And we often talk to animals ourselves, even though
we know that most of them do not even understand, only these learned signals.

A very popular game called Puns teaches us to describe a given thing, and even
sentences or proverbs. We can express one thing in many ways, there are many
synonymus, or simply express it with all the associations we know.