10 at Polima 2017 - DP Wayanadu

https://hsmalayalamresources.blogspot.
in/
aebmfw
1
s]mena 2017 -˛ Ub‰v hb\mSv ]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn˛ hb\mSv Pn√m ]©mbØv
hb\mSv Pn√m ]©mbØv
s]mena 2017
]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn
(]Ømw Xcw)
aebmfw
Xømdm°nbXv :
Pn√m hnZym`ymktI{µw
(Ub‰v) hb\mSv
https://hsmalayalamresources.blogspot.in/
s]mena 2017
]Ømw Xcw ]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn
ACADEMIC SUPPORT
1. Dr. K. M. Unnikrishnan
(Principal , DIET Wayanad)
2. K. M. Sebastian
(Lecturer, DIET Wayanad)
3. C. K. Pavithran
Prepared by the
(GHSS Kaniyambetta)
District Institute of Education & Training
Wayanad, Sulthan Bathery - 673 592 SUBJECT EXPERTS
4. Alis K.V.
(Fr.GKM HS Kaniyaram)
5. Anilkumar K.
Printed and Published by (GHSS Meenangadi)
Wayanad District Panchayath
6. Baby Peeter
2016-17 (LMHSS Pallikkunnu)
7. Ganesh M.M.
Coordination (GHSS Vythiri)

Sebastian K.M. 8. Lalitha C.
Lecturer, CMDE,
(GHSS Vaduvanchal)
DIET Wayanad
9. Preetha J. Priyadarsini
Printed at : (GHSS Meppadi)
Co-operative Offset Press, Bathery
Ph : 04936 221325 10. Sunny T.R.
(GHS Irulath)
11. Sures K.K.
(GMHSS Vellamunda)
3
BiwkItfmsS......
hb\mSv Pn√bnse hnZymebßfn¬ Fkv . Fkv . F¬.kn.

]co£mêw Db¿Øp∂Xn\mbn Pn√m ]©mbØns‚ kmºØnI
klIcWtØmsS IpńIƒ°p≈ A[nI]T\ klmbn "s]mena ˛
2017' Xømdm°nbncn°p∂p. A[ym]I¿°pw hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw CXp
Hcpt]mse klmbIamIpsa∂p {]Xo£n°p∂p. Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn.
]T\IymºpIfn¬ F√m IpńIfptSbpw hnPbw Dd∏phcpØm\pw
dnk¬´p \nehmcw Db¿Øm\pw Cu kma{Kn {]tbmP\s∏SpØWsa∂v
A`y¿∞n°p∂p.
{ioaXn Sn. DjmIpamcn

{]knU≠v,
4
BiwkItfmsS......
Pn√bnse hnZym`ymk KpW\nemhcw Db¿Øphm≥ hb\mSv

Pn√m]©mbØv F∂pw {]Xn⁄m_≤amWv . ap≥h¿jßfn¬
Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. hnPbiXam\w h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\mbn hb\mSv
Ub‰ns‚ A°mZanI klmbtØmsS ]T\kma{KnIƒ Pn√m ]©mbØv
Xømdm°nbncp∂p. Cu h¿jhpw Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn.°p≈ ]pXnb
]mT]pkvXIßsf ap≥\n¿Øn hnPbiXam\w Db¿Øp∂Xn\mbn
"s]mena˛2017' (]T\]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn) Ub‰ns‚ t\XrXzØn¬
Xømdm°nbncn°p∂p. Pn√bnse F√m sslkvIqfpIfpw Cu kma{Kn
kl¿jw kzmKXw sNøpsa∂p Rßƒ°v Dd∏p≠v . Pn√bnse
Fkv . Fkv . F¬.kn. hnPbiXam\hpw \nehmchpw Dbcpsa∂p
{]Xo£n®psIm≠v,
{ioaXn Fw. tZhIn

sNb¿t]gvk¨, hnZym`ymk Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n,
5
BiwkItfmsS......
Fkv . Fkv . F¬.kn.hnPbiXam\hpw \nehmchpw Db¿Øp∂

Xn\mbn "hnPbtPymXn' D]tbmKs∏SpØnb A[ym]IcpsSbpw
hnZym¿∞nIfpsSbpw ssIIfnte°v "s]mena 2017' Rßƒ A`nam\]pc cw
ka¿∏n°pIbmWv. hb\mSv Ub‰ns‚ A°mZanI t\XrXzØn¬ hb\mSv
Pn√m ]©mbØv Xømdm°nb Cu ]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn Pn√bnse
Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. hnPbiXam\w Db¿Øpsa∂p {]Xo£bn¬....
{ioaXn ]n. ]n. X¶w

hnZym`ymk D]UbdIvS¿, hb\mSv
BiwkItfmsS......
"s]mena 2017' ]pdØndßpIbmWv. "Ub‰ns‚ _u≤nI t\XrXzhpw

Pn√bnse hnZKv[cmb A[ym]IcpsS tkh\hpw Pn√m]©mbØns‚
kmºØnI klmbhpw' ˛ Hcp Iq´mbvabpsS ]cn{iaw CXn\p ]ndInep≠v.
Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. \nehmchpw hnPbiXam\hpw Db¿Øm≥
{][m\m[ym]Icpw klm[ym]Icpw IpńIfpw c£nXm°fpw HsØmcpan®v
A£oWw {]bXv\n°pIbmWv. hnPbØns‚ s]mena Iq´m≥ "s]mena
2017' Xo¿®bmbpw {]tbmP\s∏Spw.
{]Xo£tbmsS,
tUm. sI. Fw. DÆnIrjvW≥

{]n≥kn∏¬, Ub‰v hb\mSv
BiwkItfmsS......
2017 am¿®nse Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. ]co£bv°v XømsdSp°p∂

Bbnc IW°n\v hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v \√ coXnbn¬ ]co£ FgpXp∂Xn\pw
Db¿∂ am¿°v t\Sp∂Xn\pw klmbIcamIp∂ hn[Øn¬ Xømdm°nb
ssI∏pkvXIamWv CXv. CXns‚ ]n∂n¬ Hcp]mSv hy‡nIfpsS ITn\[zm\w
D≠v. AsXmcn°epw ]mgvthebmIn√, Xo¿®. CXn\v t\XrXzw hln®
Pn√m ]©mbØv , hnZym`ymk Un∏m¿´v s a‚ v , hy‡nIƒ F∂nhsc
Hm¿ØpsIm≠v Cu DZyaØn\v F√mhn[ \∑Ifpw t\cp∂p.
{]`mIc≥ sI.
Pn√m hnZym`ymk Hmôk¿, hb\mSv.
6
"s]mena 2017' Fßs\ D]tbmKn°mw
Pn√m ]©mbØns‚ kmºØnI klmbtØmsS Xømdm°nb

]T\]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSnbnse kvIqƒ Iymºn¬ D]tbmKnØ°hn[ØnemWv
"s]mena 2017' Xømdm°nbn´p≈Xv.
IpńIfpsS ]T\ tijnbnep≈ hyXymkw IW°nseSpØv ]Ømw
¢mknse F√m hnjbßfnepw hnhn[ \nehmcØnep≈ ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßƒ
"s]mena 2017'˛¬ Dƒs]SpØnbn´p≠v. A[ym]IcpsS ]n¥pWtbmsS
IpńIfpsS Bflhnizmkw h¿≤n∏n°p∂ coXnbn¬ thWw
s]mena D]tbmKn°m≥.
A[nI]T\w, ]Tn® ImcyßfpsS hnhn[ am\ßƒ, hnhn[ Xeßfnep≈ XmcXayw,
]ckv]c _‘ßƒ Is≠Ø¬ hnhn[ Bibßƒ t{ImUoIcn°¬ XpSßn
sshhn[ytadnb ]T\m\p`hßƒ \¬Im≥ Cu ]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn
klmbn°pw. hnhn[ Nm¿´pIƒ, ]ńIIƒ, Nn{Xßƒ XpSßnbh Dƒt®¿Øn´p≈Xv
Iymºn¬ D]tbmKn°Ww.
IpńIfpsS hy‡nhyXymkßƒ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v CXnse {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
\¬Imhp∂XmWv. _u≤nIambn apt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ IpńIƒ°v
A\ptbmPyamIØ° hn[Ønep≈ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ DƒsIm≈n®n´p≠v. AhcpsS
kzX{¥amb ]T\Øn\pw Bib cq]oIcWØn\pw DXIp∂ coXnbn¬ thWw Cu
]T\ ]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn D]tbmKn°m≥. F∂m¬ XmcXtay\ ]T\Øn¬
_p≤nap´v A\p`hs∏Sp∂ IpńIƒ°v, ]T\m\p`hßfpsSbpw Bib
cq]oIcWØnt‚bpw Bghpw ]c∏pw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\v, CXn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈ DØc
kqNnIbpsS klmbØm¬ A[ym]IcpsS ta¬t\m´Øn¬ hnhn[
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]T\ Iymºn¬ \SØmhp∂XmWv. CXnse tNmZyßƒ
IpńIƒ°v t\cn´v \¬ImsX N¿®Iƒ, hna¿i\mflI Nn¥, k¿§mflI
{]Xnê\ßƒ XpSßnbh°v Ahkcßƒ \¬In thWw D]tbmKn°m≥.
IpńIfpsS {]XnIcWßfn¬ DØc kqNnIbn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambh D≠mhmw.
Ahsb A]{KY\mflIambn kao]n®v t{]m’mlP\Iamb ]T\Øn\v ]T\
]cnt]mjW ]cn]mSn IpńIƒ°pw A[ym]I¿°pw Du¿÷w ]Icpw.
sk_mÃy≥ sI. Fw.

eIvNd¿,
Icn°pew sa‰ocnb¬ sUhe∏vsa‚ v
& Chmeypthj≥
Ub‰v hb\mSv
7
bqWn‰v ˛ I
ImemXoXw Imhyhnkvabw
]mTßƒ
e£vaWkm¥z\w
ImfnZmk≥
AΩ
t{ijvTamb Imhyßƒ, kmlnXyßƒ F∂nh ImetZißƒ°pw

PmXn aXh¿§ Nn¥Iƒ°pw AXoXambn a\pjym\p`hßsf temI\∑sb
e£ywh®v Bhnjv°cn°p∂p. CØcw IrXnIƒ ImeØns‚ XncameItf‰v
am™pt]mImsX kaqlØn¬ ÿnc{]Xnjv T t\Sp∂p. `mcXob
]›mØeØn¬ cNn® ImfnZmks‚ A`n⁄m\ imIp¥fw bqtdm]y≥
kmlnXyØnepw tjIvkv]nbdns‚bpw Jeo¬ Pn{_ms‚bpw am¿t°
knt‚bpsams° IrXnIƒ `mcXob kmlnXyØnepw N¿® sNøs∏Sp∂Xv
kmlnXyw ImetZimXoXambXpsIm≠mWv. Cu bqWn‰nse ]mT`mKßfpw
ImemXoXamb ImhyhnkvabßfmWv.
]mT`mKßfneqsS
e£vaWkm¥z\w
FgpØ—≥
FgpØ—s‚ A[ymflcmambWw Infn∏mń¬\n∂psaSpØ

Atbm[ymImfiØnse `mKamWv e£vaWkm¥z\w. ssItIbnbpsS
\n¿_‘Øn\phgßn ZicYalmcmPmhn\v Xs‚ koa¥]p{X\mb
{iocmas\ bphcmPmhmbn hmgn°m≥ Ignbp∂n√. am{Xa√ cma\v
]Xn\meph¿jw h\hmkØn\v t]mtI≠nhcnIbpw sNøp∂p. A—s‚
hm°pam\n®v Imńte°p ]pds∏Sms\mcpßp∂ {iocma≥ AΩ
IukeytbmSp bm{X tNmZn°m≥ A¥x∏pcØnseØptºmgmWv
ktlmZc\mb e£vaWs\ I≠pap´p∂Xv. A`ntjI hnLv\w e£vaWs\
9
tIm]mIpe\m°n. tPyjvTt\mSp≈ kvt\lm[nIywsIm≠v F¥phnesImSpØpw {iocmas\
bphcmPmhmbn hmgn°psa∂ ISpØ \ne]mSn¬ e£vW≥ Dd®p\n¬°p∂p. Cu AhkcØn¬
hnImcØn\Snas∏´ e£vaWt\mSv im¥\mbn, kvt\lhm’eytØmsS, kaNnØXtbmsS Cu
temIØnse kpJt`mKßfpsS \nc¿YIXtbbpw, a\pjycpsS hnthIiq\yXtbbpw
tIm]wsIm≠p≠mIp∂ B]ØpIsfbpw kqNn∏n®v e£v a Ws\ km¥z\s∏SpØp∂p.
A¿∞kºpjvSamb XØzßƒsIm≠p≈ {iocmas‚ D]tZiw FgpØ—s\∂ almIhn tIcfob
kaqlsØ D]tZin°p∂XpXs∂bmWv. hntZzjhpw tIm]hpw hIXncnhn√mbvasIm≠pw
F¥{Iahpw sNbvtX°msa∂ ITn\mhÿbn¬ lrZbImTn\ysØ a™pt]mse Dcp°phm≥
]cym]vXambncp∂p {iocmas‚ Nn¥Iƒ. lrZbØn¬ \n∂pw lrZbØnte°p≈ {]hmlamb
CØcw Imhyßƒ ImesØ AXnh¿Øn°p∂ Z¿i\ßƒ°v GXv ]XnXlrZbt\bpw
km¥z\n∏n°psa∂Xn¬ X¿°an√.
Hm¿an°s∏tS≠ hcnIƒ / {]tbmKßƒ / XXzßƒ
t`mKßsf√mw £W{]`mN©ew
thtK\ \jvSamambp ptam¿°\o
hlv\n k¥]vXtemlÿmw_p_nμp\m
k∂n`wa¿ØyP∑w £W`wKpcw
N£p{ihW Kfÿamw Z¿±pcw
`£WØn∂t]£n°p∂Xpt]mse
Imemln\m]cn{KkvXamw temIhpw
BtemetNXkmt`mKßƒ tXSp∂p.
kwkmcImcnWnbmbXhnZybpw
kwkmc\min\nbmbXp hnZybpw
t{Im[at√m \nP[¿a£bIcw
t{Im[w ]cnXyPnt°Ww _p[P\w
e£WsamØh\mWv e£vaW≥
e£Wsa∂Xv cq]kuμcyØns\m∏w kz`mh kuμcyØnepap≠m
tI≠XmWv.
tIm]Øn\Snas∏Sp∂h¿°v lrZbØn¬ X´pwhn[w \√ D]tZißƒ
\¬IWw.
D]tZißƒ°v lrZb{ZhoIcWap≠m°m≥ IgnbWw.
10
]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
e£vaWkm¥z\w
ImfnZmk≥
AΩ
{]h¿Ø\w 1
N¿® / Ipdn∏v
IhnIƒ°v temIsaºmSpw
Hcp `mjtbbp≈p
CeIƒ°pw XØIƒ°pw
KufnIƒ°psa∂t]mse
temIØnep≈ FgpØpImcpsS cN\bv°v Htc `mjbp≈psh∂v Ihn tcJs∏SpØp∂p.
N¿® BcmWv Ihn

CeIfpsS a¿acw Ihn™p ImWphm≥
XØIfpsS sIm©¬ ImgvNIfn¬\n∂v ImgvN∏mSpIfnte°v
KufnbpsS Nne°¬ ""A]mtc Imhykwkmtc
Ch temIsØ√mbnSØpw Hcpt]msebmtWm ? Ihntch {]Pm]Xn
hnImcmhnjvImcØn\v Ihn bYmkvssa tcmNtX hnizw
D]tbmKn°p∂ `mj F{]Imcap≈XmWv ? XtYZw ]cnh¿ØtX''
(Htc `mj) (A\¥amb Cu ImhytemIØnse
GI {]Pm]Xn IhnbmWv
IhnbpsS A`ncpNn°\pkcn®v
Cu {]]©w cq]s∏Sp∂p.)
t{ImUoIcWw
IhnXbpsS hnImcmhnjvImcØn\v
km¿heuInIXzap≠v ˛ IhnXbpsS
`mhXehpw km¿heuInIXzap≈XmWv.
11
{]h¿Ø\w 2
hniIe\°pdn∏v
kz¥w P\Xsb kvt\ln°pIsIm≠v
Ah¿ F√m P\Xtbbpw kvt\ln°p∂p
kz¥w aÆn¬ thcmgvØp∂XpsIm≠v Nm¿ńwKv,
F√m BImiØnepw ]pjv]n°p∂p kmam\ymibw
HcpthZØnepw Dd®pt]mImØXpsIm≠v Is≠Ø¬
F√m‰ns‚bpw t\cdnbp∂p.
t{ImUoIcWw
kvt\lØn\v kzP\Xsbt∂m
CXc P\Xsbt∂m C√.
aÆpw BImihpw km¿heuInIamWv
k¶pNnXXzw ]mSn√.
Hcp thZØn¬ am{Xw Dd®p\n¬°cpXv.
hkpss[hIpSpw_Iw/temItaXdhmSv.
t{ijvTamb IrXnIfn¬ km¿heuInIXzhpw kvt\lhpw kaNnØXbpw ka\zbn∏n°s∏´
am\hnIaqeyßƒ ImWmw.
{]h¿Ø\w 3 F
{]tbmK`wKn Is≠ØpI. ˛ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-I.
h’ kuant{X Ipamc \o tIƒ°Ww
a’-cmZyw shSn-s™-∂psS hm°p-Iƒ
{iocm-a≥ ktlm-Z-c-\mb e£va-Ws\ kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ {i≤n-°p-I.

C{X-b[- nIw hm’-ey-tØmsS kwt_m-[\ sNbvXX
- ns‚ HuNXyw Is≠-Øp-I.
e£vaW
- s‚ at\m-`mhw kqN-\I - ƒ
a’c _p≤n-°-Sn-a-s∏´h≥ hm’y-ap-≈h - t\
ka-Nn-ØX \jv´-s∏-´-h≥ Iuamc {]mb-Øn-ep-≈-ht\
sshIm-cn-I-ambn {]iv\-ßsf ImWp-∂-h≥ (Iu-am-cØ - ns‚ FSp-Øp-Nm-´w)
kpan-{X-bpsS ]p{X≥
(kp-an-{X-sb-t∏mse _lp-am-\y-bmb
Hc-Ωb- psS aI≥)
efn-X-amb `mj-bn¬ kvt\l
]
- q¿Δ-amb kwt_m-[\
kwt_m-[-\-bnse anXXzw
anI® Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ hmbn-°pI
t{ImUo-I-cWw
12
{]h¿Ø\w 3
{]tbmK`wKn Is≠ØpI.
Imemln\m]cn{KkvXamw temIhp ˛
amtememtNXkm t`mKßƒ tXSp∂p ˛ BB eLpN¿®
hcnIfpsS {]tXyIX ImeamIp∂ ]mºn\m¬ Np‰s∏´ temIw

N¿®sNbvXv {]tbmK`wKn Is≠Øp∂p Imew ]mºv Xs∂bmWv hniZmwißƒ
Is≠ØpI.
hcnIƒ hniIe\w sNøpI.
{]h¿Ø\w 4
Imhy`wKn / Na¬°mcw a\ nem°pI
t`mKßsf√mw £W{]`mN©ew
thtK\ \jvSamambp ptam¿° \o
h¿Wy hkvXp ? kpJt`mKßsf Ihn F¥nt\mSmWv

Ah¿Wy hkvXp ? kmZriys∏SpØnbXv?
kmZriy Iev]\ £W{]`m N©eambXnt\mSv
(£WØn¬ {]`N©en°pI)
t{ImUoIcWw
£W{]`bpsS (sIm≈nao≥, CSnan∂¬, hnZypXv{]hmlw) £WnIX
\nanjt\cw am{Xta Z¿in°m≥ Ignbq. kpJt`mKßfpw A{XXs∂.
4 _n hlv\n k¥]vXtemlÿmw_p_nμp\m
k∂n`w a¿ØyP∑w £W`wKpcw
£WnIamb a\pjyP∑sØ (h¿Wyw)
Np´p]gpØ temlØn¬ hogp∂ Hcp Xp≈n PetØmSv kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p.
£W`wKpcamb a¿XyP∑w ˛ h¿Wyw
hlv\nbn¬ k¥]vXamb temlÿmw_p_nμp ˛ Ah¿Wyw
N£p{ihW Kfÿamw Z¿±qcw
Imemln\m]cn{KkvXamwtemIhp˛
amtemetNXkmt`mKßƒ tXSp∂p.
]mºns‚ hmbn¬ AIs∏´ Xhf, acWmk∂amb Ahÿbn¬t]mepw `£Ww tXSm\mbn
{ian°p∂p.
AXpt]mse ImeamIp∂ ]mºn\m¬ Np‰s∏´temIhpw N©eamb a\t msS
kpJt`mKßƒ°p ]n∂mse t]mIp∂p.
13
ImeamIp∂ ]mºv cq]Iw
ImeamIp∂ ]mºns‚ hmbn¬
AIs∏´v AkvXan°m≥ t]mIp∂ Bibkuμcyw / t{ImUoIcWw
temIPohnXw (h¿Wyw)
]mºns‚ hmbneIs∏´ Xhf Kl\amb BibsØ
`£WØn∂t]£n°p∂p (Ah¿Wyw) DZmlcWßfneqsS
efnXam°p∂p.
4 Un
]mŸ¿ s]cphgnbºew X∂nte
Xm¥cmbv IqSn hntbmKw hcptºmse
\ZymsamgpIp∂ ImjvTßƒ t]msebp˛
sa{Xbpw N©eameb kwKaw
˛ N©eamb BebkwKasØ F¥nt\msS√mw kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p ?
˛ kmZriyIev]\bpsS kuμcyw hniZam°pI ?
4 C kwkmcImcnWnbmbXhnZybpw
kwkmc\min\nbmbXp hnZybpw
Bscmcmsf≥ IpXncsbs°´phm≥
BscmcmfXn≥ am¿Kw apS°phm≥
{]h¿Ø\w : 5
ASnbn¬ hcbn´ ]Z°q´ßfpsS `wKnIs≠ØpI.
]Zt®¿®
\∂√ ˛ \∂v + A√
a’cmZyw
Fs∂°pdn®p≈
t`mKßƒ
ImjvTßƒ
P¥p°ƒ
t{Im[-ad- n-s°tSm
14
{]h¿Ø\w : 6
kakvX]ZßfpsS tN¿®
hlv\nk¥]vXtemlÿmw_p_nμp˛ hlv\n, k¥]vX, temlÿ, Aw_p, _nμp.
]p{Xan{Xm¿Y If{XmZnkwKaw ˛ ]p{X, an{X, A¿Y, If{Xw, kwKaw
XzMvamwkc‡mÿnhnäq{XtcXkmw ˛ XzIv,amwk,c‡,Aÿn,hn¨,aq{X,tcXkv
Imat{Im[tem`tamlmZnIƒ ˛ Ima,t{Im[,tem`,taml XpSßnbh
amXm]nXr{`mXran{XkJnIƒ ˛ amXm, ]nXr, {`mXr,an{X,kJnIƒ
{]h¿Ø\w : 7
hn{Klm¿Yw
£W{]`mN©ew ˛ £W{]`t]mse N©ew
hm’ey]qcw ˛
hmlv\nk¥]vXw ˛
a¿XyP∑w ˛
kz]v\kam\w ˛
tZlm`nam\w ˛
a\kvXm]w ˛
kwkmc_‘\w ˛
{]h¿Ø\w : 8
BkzmZ\°pdn∏v / XmcXay°pdn∏v
""`£n∏Øn∂pKplt]mse ]nf¿∂p apJ˛
atøm IrXm¥\nl ]ntº \S∂p aa
FØp∂p, Z¿±qc apctØmsS ]nsºsbmcp
k¿∏w IWs° lcn\mcmbWmb\ax''
(IrXm¥≥ ˛ Ime≥ ˛ Imew)
(lcn\maIo¿Ø\w)
""N£p{ihW Kfÿamw Z¿±qcw
Imemln\m]cn{KkvXamw temIhp˛
amteme tNXkm t`mKßƒ tXSp∂p.''
Ccpt«mIßfnsebpw Bibw Is≠ØpI.

Ae¶mc Iev]\Iƒ (apºv kqNn∏n®n´p≠v) Fßs\ A¿∞ kºpjvSamIp∂p?
ImeamIp∂ ]mºv F∂ kqN\ Ccpt«mIßfnepw A\z¿YamIp∂Xv Fßs\bmWv?
15
{]h¿Ø\w : 9
BkzmZ\w Xømdm°pI.
""]mŸ¿ s]cphgnbºew X∂nte
Xm¥cmbv°qSn hntbmKw hcptºmse
\ZymsamgpIp∂ ImjvTßƒ t]msebp
sa{Xbpw N©eameb kwKaw''
˛ s]cphgnbºeØnse Iq´mbvaIƒ F{]ImcamWv ?
(Aÿncw, bmZr›nIw)
˛ \ZnbneqsS HgpIp∂ ac°jWßsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xv F¥mWv?
(\ZnbpsS thKhpw Imemhÿbpw)
efnXambXXzw ˛ Kl\amb PohnXmhnjvImcw˛
`mjm]camb {]tXyIX ˛ BibkºpjvSX)
{]h¿Ø\w : 10
D]\ymkw Xømdm°pI.
tIm]m{Im¥\mbn, ap≥tIm]tØmsS, kwlmc`mhtØmsS h∂ e£vaWs\
{iocma≥ kvt\l]q¿Δw anXamb coXnbn¬ kwt_m[\ sNbvXv ]e XXzßfneqsS
D]tZin°p∂Xv I≠t√m.
(B-apJw : {]h¿Ø\w : 3 apX¬)
{iocm-a≥ e£vaW - s\ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂X- n-ep-]cn Fgp-Ø—
- s\∂ BNm-cy≥ kaq-lsØ D]-
tZ-in-°p-Ib- mtWm?
e£vaW km¥z\w F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS tI{μm-ibw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
Fgp-Ø-—s‚ XXz-ßƒ a\- n-em-°pI
kz¥w \nco-£W - ß
- ƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØWw
hn-jb {Iao-I-cWw
D]-kw-lmcw
XmcXay°pdn∏v
tIm]amIp∂Xp hnsØ∂dnbWw
]m]amIp∂ acmacØns∂tSm
(alm`mcXw)
tIm]w A·nt]msebmWv. \miap≠m°ntb AXv ASßq....
(Km‘nPn)
16
amXm]nXr{`mXran{XkJnIsf
t{Im[w \nanØw l\n°p∂nXp ]pam≥
t{Im[aqew a\kvXm]ap≠mbvhcpw
t{Im[waqew \rWmw kwkmc_‘\w
t{Im[at√m \nP[¿a£bIcw
t{Im[w]cnXyPnt°Ww _p[P\w.
tIm]sØ°pdn®v alm`mcXw Infn∏mń¬ ]d™ncn°p∂Xpw,
Km‘nPn ]d™Xpamb Imcyßƒ Xncn®dnbpI.
XmcXayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xømdm°pI.
t{Im[w aqew \miw £Wn®p hcpØnb a‰p kμ¿`ßƒ
]cnNbs∏SpØWw.
{]h¿Ø\w : 11
eLp{]`mjWw Xømdm°pI.
a\pjyPohnXØn¬ t{Im[w hcpØnhbv°p∂ hn\Iƒ Fs¥√mw ? kaImenI
kw`hßfpƒs∏SpØn kvIqƒ Akwªnbn¬ \SØp∂ eLp{]`mjWw Xømdm°pI.
kwt_m[\
BibmhXcWw
D≈S°Øns‚ ka{KX
`mjmssien
kz¥amb \nco£Ww
Xmfw Is≠ØpI
P¥p°ƒ `£n®pImjvTn®pt]mInemw
sh¥pshÆodmbv Na™pt]mboSnemw
Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ Cu hcnIfpsS XmfØn¬ sNm√mhp∂ CucSnIƒ Is≠ØpI.
Imea√msØmcp ImeØpI≠mepw
\oehemlIƒ h∂nXt∏mƒ
kvt\lØn¬ \n∂n√t√m as‰m∂pw e`n®oSm≥
kvt\lØn≥ êw kvt\lw ⁄m\Øn¬ êw ⁄m\w tII }
""t]mba[phn[p°meØnt\°mfp˛
an∂p {]nbaps≠\n°p \nt∂msStSm''
hcnbn¬ 12 A£cßƒ hoXw.
HtcLS\bnep≈ CucSnIƒ
Infn∏m´v A\p_‘w t\m°pI : FgpØ—s‚ Infn∏m´pIfn¬ [mcmfambn D]tbmKn®n´p≈
Cu hrØw ImIfn F∂ t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂p.
17
H‰hm°n¬ DØcsagpXpI.
kz]v\kam\ambn FgpØ—≥ ]dbp∂sX¥v ?
tZlw\nanØw Alw_p≤nssIs°m≠p P¥p°ƒ \ncp]n°p∂sX¥v ?
tZlm`nam\n°v tZmjßƒ h∂p`hn°m≥ ImcWsa¥v ?
tamlamXmhv Bcv ?
kwkmcImcnWn Bcv ?
kwkmc\min\n Bcv ?
tam£m¿Yn sNtø≠sX¥v ?
ap‡n°p hnLv\w hcpØphm≥ i‡nbp≈ hnImcw GXv ?
_p[P\w ]cnXyPnt°≠Xv F¥v?
A\p_‘w
Infn∏m´p {]ÿm\w
Infn∏m´p {]ÿm\Øns‚ D]⁄mXmsh∂ \nebnemWv FgpØO≥ ]cs°
Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. At±lØns‚ {]apJ IrXnIsf√mwXs∂ Infnsbs°m≠v IY]dbn°p∂
coXnbnemWv cNn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv . Infnsbs°m≠v IY]mSn°m≥ XømdmbXns\∏‰n
ckmhlßfmb \nch[n A`n{]mbßƒ {]NmcØnep≠v.
Adw F∂ tZmjw _m[n°mXncn°p∂Xn\pth≠nbt{X.
hnZymtZhXbmb kckzXotZhnbpsS ssIønep≈ eoemipIsØsIm≠mWv
FgpØO≥ ]mSn°p∂Xt{X.
(kckzXnbpsS XØIhnXm]mSptºmƒ B IhnXbnse tZmjßsfm∂pw Bcpw
{i≤n°pIbn√t√m)
Xangnse "ss]¶nfn°Æn', ]cm]c°Æn F∂o hrØhntijßsf
Ahew_n®mWt{X.
ipIcq]Øn¬ `Khm≥ FgpØ—\v {]Xy£ambn. AXpsIm≠mWv At±lw
ipIsØsIm≠v IY ]dbn∏n®Xt{X.
InfnsamgnbpsS emfnXyw, lrZyX, kzcam[pcyw, kpIpamcX F∂nh Xs‚
IhnX°p≠mIWw F∂ Bibambncn°mw.
kpIpam¿ Agnt°mSv ]dbp∂p ˛ Xs‚ k¿KmflIXbpsS {]XoIat{X ipIw.
`mjmcoXn
`mjmhnjbIambn hensbmcp ]cnh¿Ø\w FgpØO≥ `mjbn¬ hcpØn. \ΩpsS `mj
Xangns‚bpw kwkvIrXØns‚bpw B[n]XyØn¬ \n∂pw tamN\w t\Snh∂XmWt√m. ]m´v {]ÿm\
(aebmfhpw Xangpw tN¿∂Xv) Øn¬ \n∂pw aWn{]hmf (aebmfhpw kwkvIrXhpw) {]ÿm\Øn¬
\n∂pw Xt≈≠Xv X≈nbpw sImt≈≠Xv sIm≠pw cq]s∏SpØnb Hcp coXnbmWv FgpØOt‚Xv.
hn`‡n {]XybßtfmSpIqSnb kwkvIrX]Zßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂p.
_nμp\m, Imemln\m, tNXkm, tcmtjW \Zymw, {_m“tWmlw, tcXkmw...
\o tIƒ°Ww ˛ tIƒ° \o
\o Hm¿°Ww ˛ Hm¿° \o
\o AdnbpI ˛ AdnsItSm
18
ImfnZmk≥
tUm.F≥.hn.IrjvWhmcy¿.
Ihn, ]finX≥, `mjm imkv{X⁄≥, ]{Xm[n]¿, A[ym]I≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]kn≤≥.

kzmX{¥ykactk\m\n. tI{μ tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan ]pckv°mcßƒ e`n®n´p≠v. tkmhnb‰v
em‚ v s\lvdp Ahm¿Uv F∂nh e`n®p.
{][m\ IrXnIƒ : sIm®psXmΩ≥, Km‘nbpw tKmUvskbpw, \o≠IhnXIƒ, ImfnZmks‚
knwlmk\w, ]pgIƒ, c‡km£n, h≈tØmfns‚ Imhyinev]w, Item’hw, ]cnt{]£yw
kamIe\w (teJ\ßƒ) Atacn°bneqsS, DWcp∂ DØtc¥y, ]pXnb Nn¥ tkmhnb‰v
bqWnb\n¬ (bm{XmhnhcWw.)
temI{]ikv X n B¿Pn® `mcXob almIhnbmWv ImfnZmk≥. ImfnZmks\bpw
At±lØns‚ IrXnIsf°pdn®pw tIńń√mØhcmbn Bcpan√. At±lØns‚ JfiImhyw,
ktμiImhyw, almImhyßƒ, \mSIßƒ F∂nhsb°pdn®v ASpØdnbm\pw, ImfnZmks\∂
{]Xn`sb a\ nem°m\papXIp∂XmWv F≥.hn.IrjvWhmcycpsS ImfnZmk ]T\ßƒ. {]IrXnbpw
a\pjy\pambp≈ _‘w, ]ckv]ckvt\lØns‚ alna, kpJt`mKtØ°mƒ kvt\lØn\pth≠n
kzPoh≥t]mepw shSnbphm\p≈ k∂≤X, ImSpw, \mSpw, aebpw, kap{Zhpw ˛ {]IrXnbpsS F√m
Ahÿmhntijßfpw, a\pjyPohnXØns‚ B¿{ZXbpw Aen™ptNcp∂p. ImfnZmkIrXnIƒ
]cnNbs∏Sm\pw hmbn°phm\pap≈ t{]cW P\n∏n°p∂XmWv Cu ]mT`mKw.
hn{IamZnXykZ nse {]XnÌfmb \hcXv\ßƒ
[\z¥cn, £]WI≥, Aacknwl≥
i¶p, thXmf `´≥, LSI¿∏c≥
hcmlanlnc≥, hccpNn, ImfnZmk≥
`cXs‚ \mSyimkv{XsØ°pdn®p≈ [mcWbp≠mbncp∂p.

ImfnZmks‚ `mjmssienbpsS t]cv sshZ¿`n F∂mWv. tZim[njvTnXambn ssien°p
t]cnSp∂ kwkvIrXcoXn.
_nw_mflIambmWv ImfnZmk≥ `mj D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xv. K‘_nw_ßfpw
i_vZ_nw_ßfpw AhnsS ]qØpe™p.
19
]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
{]h¿Ø\w 1
hmb\ Bib kw{Klw / eLp°pdn∏v
F≥.hn. IrjvWhmcnbcpsS "ImfnZmk≥' F∂ ]mT`mKØv kqNn∏n°p∂ Imfn-Zmk
IrXnIfpsS ]cm-a¿i `mK-ßƒ A©v {Kq∏pIƒ°v hmbn°phm≥ sImSp°p∂p.
{Kq∏v 1. EXpkwlmcw Bibw
2. taLktμiw IYm]m{Xßƒ
3. Ipamckw`hw h¿W\
4. cLphwiw Ae¶mcw
5. imIp¥fw PohnXZ¿i\w
{]h¿Ø\w 2
hniIe\°pdn∏pIƒ
{Kq∏v : 1 ˛ EXpkwlmcw
ImhyiIeßfnse h¿W\Iƒ {i≤n°pI.
DujvaXsIm≠p hdń®a®ßp
{Kojvaambps≈mcpImewh∂p
Xm]wsIms≠√mcpw thhp‰p Imhnepw
hym]nImXocØpambvØpSßn.
˛ GXv EXphns\bmWv Ihn h¿Wn°p∂Xv ?
CXns‚ {]tXyIXsb¥v ?
NqSv kln°m≥ IgnbmsX F√mhcpw FhntS°mWv t]mbXv?
]mcn®p \ns∂mcp t]agXqIo´p

]mcnSsaßpta apßn°qSn
h¿jsØI≠p≈ I¿jI≥amsc√mw
l¿jsØ ]q≠pXpSßosXßpw
˛ h¿jEXphns‚ {]tXyIX.
I¿j-I¿ l¿jsØ ]qIm-\p≈ ImcWw F¥mWv?
Im¿apIn¬ameIƒ t]msbmcpt\cØp
XpaIe¿∂ icØph∂p
\oena ]q≠p≈ taLßsf√mta
NmseshfpØp Na™nXt∏mƒ
˛ icXvIme {]tXyIX
taL-ßƒ shfpØp XpSßn h¿W-\b
- psS {]tXy-IX
20
ioXw Xsgs®mcp tla¥Imehp
amaμw t]m∂nßp h∂pXt∏mƒ
]memgnØpsh≈w XqIp∂ t]mse \¬˛
{]mtebw XqInØpSßosXßpw
˛ sNdpt»cn ˛ EXp°sf h¿Æn®Xv I≠t√m
{]mtebsØ F¥n-t\mSv kmZr-iy-s∏-SpØn
ImfnZmks‚ EXph¿W\bpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Fs¥√mw ?
{Kojvaw
Iman\nam¿ cmhpIfn¬ shämSßfn¬ FØn kpJambpdßp∂p. AhcpsS
aqJZ¿i\Øn¬ \mWw s]mdp°m\mhmØXn¬ N{μs‚ apJw hnfdp∂p.
shämSßfn¬ Iman\nam¿ hcm\p≈ ImcWw.
N{μs‚ apJw hnfdm\p≈ ImcWw.
h¿jh¿W\
aghn¬, an∂¬s°mSn Ch B`cWßfmb taLßƒ at\mlcamb Ipfiew,
Ac™m¨ ChtbmSpIqSnb kpμcmwKnamsct∏mse hnclZpxJnXcpsS lrZbw hcn°p∂p.
taLsØ BtcmSmWv kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv.
kpμcnamcpsS lrZbØns‚ hntijWw.
icZz¿Æ\w
cm{XnIpamcnsbt∏mse \mƒ°p\mƒ hf¿∂p.
Ahƒ \£{XPmeamIp∂ kph¿W`qjIƒ
AWn™v agapInens‚ aqSp]Sw \o°n
\dpXn¶ƒ hZ\Øn¬ ]p©ncnhncn™v
XqshÆnemhp∂ ]´ptNebpSpØp.
(cm{XnbmIp∂ icXv kpμcnbpsS kph¿Æ `qjIƒ ]´ptNe)
tla¥h¿W\w
Hcp bphkpμcn {]`mXØn¬ IcØn¬ ]nSn® hm¬°ÆmSnbn¬ t\m°n hZ\Øn¬
Nmbßƒ AWnbp∂p. Im¥≥ \pI¿∂t∏mƒ ]√p]Xn™p. t]md¬]‰nb A[cßƒ
hen®pt\m°p∂p.
ininch¿W\w
Xmw_qew If`te]\ßƒ Chtb¥n ]pjv]mkhØm¬ apJw K‘`cnXam°n
[qa]cnafw \ndbp∂ InS∏dIfnte°v Iman\nam¿ D’pIcmbn IS∂p sN√p∂p. (Bkhw ˛ tX≥)
hk¥h¿W\w
tX∑mhns‚ Bkhpw tam¥n aZw]nSn® CWbn¬ cmKwhf¿∂p BÏpbnepIƒ
Npw_\w \¬Iptºmƒ NmSphmIyßƒ apc≠v Xmac∏qhn¬ h≠v CW°v {]nbacpfp∂p.
21
{]h¿Ø\w 3
sNdpt»cnbpw ImfnZmk\pw \SØnb EXph¿W\IfpsS kmZriyw a\ nem°pI.
sNdpt»cn hy‡nIƒ°pw {]IrXn°pw EXpt`Zßƒ
hcpØp∂am‰Øn\v IhnXbn¬ {]m[m\yw sImSp°p∂p.
ImfnZmk≥ EXp°sf ImapIntbmSv kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p.
EXpt`Zw {]IrXnbn¬ hcpØp∂ am‰ßƒ a\pjya\ nep≠mIp∂
kpJXrjvWIƒ....
kq£va \nco£Ww.
Imemhÿm am‰w EXpkwlmcsØ°pdn®v

{]IrXnbn¬ D≠mIp∂ EXph¿W\mImhyw
]cnh¿Ø\ßƒ a\pjya\ nse ImapIs‚ Ie≠¿
B{Klßfn¬ Fs¥ms° am‰ßfmWv F∂v, s{]m.Fw.]n.i¶pÆn \mb¿
D≠mIp∂Xv. hntijn∏n°p∂p.
{Kq∏v : 2 ˛ taLktμiw
Ipt_cs‚ B{inX\mb b£≥ hnhml\¥cw Iman\okpJmk‡nbn¬ apgpIn
IrXyhntem]whcpØnbXn¬ tZjyw ]q≠ Ipt_c≥ b£s\ AfIm]pcnbn¬ \n∂pw hn‘ym]¿hX
{]tZisØ cmaKncnbnte°v \mSpISØp∂p. `mcysb ]ncn™ b£≥ Hcp h¿jw Xmaknt°≠n
hcp∂p. {]nbs∏´hsf ]ncn™XpsIm≠v b£s‚ a\ n¬ shºepw thZ\bpw hnclZpxJhpw....
F¥p sNøWsa∂dnbmsX hnImchn£p_v[\mbn \n¬°ptºmgmWv.... BjmV amkØn¬
Im¿taLßƒ Db¿∂phcp∂Xv I≠Xv ! kpJambncn°p∂h¿°v IqSn ]pXptaLßsf ImWptºmƒ
a\ n\v Hcp h√mbva tXm∂pw... Aßs\sb¶n¬ hncl ZpxJnXs\ taLw Fßs\sb√mw
ZpxJnX\m°pw....! hn‘ym]¿hXØns‚ Xmgvhcsb XgpInsbØp∂ taLßsf I≠ImgvN
ImfnZmk`mh\IfpsSbpw at\m`mhßfptSbpw AXnkq£va\nco£WamWv. b£≥ ImfnZmk≥
Xs∂tbmsb∂pt]mepw Nn¥n®pt]mhpw.
{]h¿Ø\w 4
{]tbmK`wKn Is≠ØpI. / Na¬°mcw
sImºpIpØn°fn°ms\mcpsºSpw
sImº\m\t]m¬
ImWm\gIpambv
XmgvhcsbXgpInhs∂˛
ØnSpw Im¿apInens\
I≠Xm°mapI≥
(taLOmb ˛ Pn. i¶c°pdp∏v)
22
Xmgvhcsb XgpInhs∂Øp∂ Im¿apInens\ Ihn F¥nt\mSmWv kmZriys∏SpØnbncn
°p∂Xv?
sImºpIpØn°fnbn¬ apgpInSp∂ sImº\m\tbmSv.
sImº\m\bpsS hntijWw
˛ sskzcyhnlmcw
˛ ImaXrjvWIfpsS {]IS\w
˛ kzmX{¥yw BkzZn°p∂p.
Cu HcmibsØ IrjvWhmcnb¿ BhnjvIcn°p∂sXßs\ ?
"" aebn¬ hc]mbp∂ B\sbt]mse''
"hc]mbpI' ˛ D{Kambn HmSpI
ssewKnI XrjvWtbmSpIqSn
CWbpsS ]n≥t] HmSpI.
(taLw aW¬Ønń¬ sImºpIpØn Ifn°p∂ B\bpsS cq]Øn¬ {]Xy£s∏´p.)
]pXptaLamhp∂ sImº\m\sbI≠t∏mƒ b£\v tXm∂nb hnImcsa¥v ?
_wKmƒ Dƒ°Sen¬ \n∂pw cq]w{]m]n®v lnamebØn\∏pdap≈ AfIhsc
t]mIp∂ taLw hgn Iman\n°v ktμiw sImSpØb®mtem.
io¿jIØns‚ HuNnXyw Is≠ØpI.
taLktμiw
taLØns‚ ssIhiw ktμiw sImSpØnhnSm\p≈ ImcWw ˛ hniIe\w sNøpI.
Imam¿Øn]q≠v \n¬°p∂ hy‡n°v tNX\bp≈tXXv AtNX\taXv F∂Xncn®dnhv
\jvSs∏Sp∂p.
(Imam¿Ømln {]IrXn Ir]mWmtNX\m tNXt\jp)
eLp]\ymkw Xømdm°pI.
imizXhnclt_m[a\p`hn°p∂hcpsS ktμiamWv taL ktμiw.
kqN\Iƒ
Cu {]]©Øn¬ BapJw
hnclZpxJw A\p`hn°p∂hcpsS IYmibw
kIecptSbpw ktμiamWv {]tbmK`wKn
taLktμiw ˛ SmtKm¿ ktμisagpXm\p≈ ImcWw
ktμiwsImSpØphn´
am\knImhÿ
D]kwlmcw
23
{Kq∏v : 3 ˛ Ipamckw`hw
]m¿hXo]ctaizc≥amcpsS {]WbamWv Ipamckw`hØnse IY. tZhXmflmhmb lnahm\v
]m¿hXn aIfmbn ]nd∂p. Xs‚ ]Xv\nbmb kXnbpsS tZlhntbmKØn¬ ZpxJnX\mb ]cainh≥
lnameb ]m¿izØn¬ X] psNøpIbmbncp∂p. inhs\ Krlÿm{iaØnte°p XncnsI
sIm≠phcm≥ tZth{μ≥ ImatZhs\ lnamebØnte°b®p. AwKemhWywsIm≠v ImatZhs‚
klmbtØmsS t\Sm≥ IgnbmXncp∂ inht{]aw ]m¿hXn ITn\amb X] neqsS t\SnsbSp°m≥
{ian®p. ITn\X] n¬ a\ en™ inh≥ ]m¿hXnsb thj{]O∂\mbn ]ehn[Øn¬
]co£n°pIbpw X∂n¬ AN©e {]WbamW∂dn™v Ahsf hnhmlw Ign°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
]m¿hXn°v inht\mSp≈ {]Wbw.

t`mKØne√ hk¥]pjv]m`cWßfWn™p ]q¿Wbuh\bmb
XymKØnemWv ]m¿hXn inhs\ BI¿jn°m≥ ]cn{ian®p.
kvt\lØns‚ ]cmPbs∏´ ]m¿ΔXn ITn\X] v sNøp∂p. ˛ inhs\
]cn]q¿WX {]oXns∏SpØp∂p.
{]h¿Ø\w 5
Na¬°mc`wKn Is≠ØpI.
]m¿hXnbpsS apºn¬ thj{]O∂\mbn h∂ inh≥ bYm¿∞cq]w
{]Xy£s∏SpØnbt∏mƒ ]m¿hXn°p≠mb at\mhnImcsØ Ihn BhnjvIcn®ncn°p∂ t«mIw
{i≤n°pI.
""At±hs\ k]Zn ]m¿Øp hnb¿ØpsIm≠p
\oßms\SpsØmcSn bqgnbneq∂nSmsX
Ip∂n¬ØS™ ]pgt]mse Ipgßnat[y\n∂n√
I∂¬angnsbm´p \S∂pan√.''
(]m¿hXnsb∂ h¿WyhkvXphn\v ]pgtbmSpw
inhs\∂ h¿WyhkvXphn\v Ip∂nt\mSpw kmZriyw D≠v )
{]h¿Ø\w 6
Imhy`wKn a\ nem°pI.
inhs‚ ap∂n¬ \n∂v bm{XbmIm≥ IgnbmØ ]m¿hXnsb∂]pg inhs\∂ Ip∂n¬
Øń XS™p \n¬°p∂p.
"kvt\lkmcanl kXytaIamw'
""kvt\lw sshImcnI A\p`qXnb√''
XymKØnemWv kvt\lw IpSnsIm≈p∂Xv
Ipamckw`hØnse ]m¿hXn F∂ IYm]m{XsØ hnebncpØn eLpIpdn∏v Xømdm°pI.
shdpw icocemhWywsIm≠v ]m¿hXn°v ]ctaizc kvt\lw t\Sm≥ Ignt™m ?
AXn\mbn Ahƒ F¥p sNbvXp ?
]ckv]ckvt\lØns‚ alnabmWv ImfnZmk IrXnIfnep≈Xv.
24
{Kq∏v : 4 ˛ cLphwiw
tI{μmibw
kqcyhwicmPm°∑mcpsS IYbmWv cLphwiw. Zneo]≥ apX¬ A·nh¿W≥ hscbp≈
ap∏Xv kqcycmPm°∑mcpsS Ncn{XamWnXn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂Xv. Zneo] almcmPmhns‚ X]›cybpsS
êambn´mWv kqcyhwiØnse G‰hpw alm\mb cmPmhv cLp ]nd∂Xv.
cLphwiw Bdmw k¿KØnse CμpaXokzbwhch¿W\ anIhp‰ D]ame¶mcØn\v
ZrjvSm¥amWv.
{]h¿Ø\w 7
Na¬°mcw / Imhy`wKn Is≠Ø¬
k©mcnWo Zo]intJhcm{Xu
bwbwhyXnbmb ]Xnwhcmkm
\tc{μam¿K Ch {]t]wZ
hn]¿W`mhw kk`qan]me
(k©mcnWo Zo]inJ Gh cm{Xu
cm{Xnbn¬ k©ncn°p∂ Zo]inJ F∂t]mse
]Xnhckm ˛ ]Xnsb hcn°m≥ Hcpßnbhƒ
bbw ˛ Bsc
hyXnbmb ˛ adnIS∂pthm)
CμpaXn kzbwhcameyhpambn cmPm°≥amcpsS ap∂neqsS \S∂p \oßp∂Xns\.
cm{Xnbn¬ IS∂pt]mIp∂ Zo]inJ (hnf°ns‚ \mfw) tbmSv kmZriys∏SpØn.
cm{Xnbn¬ k©cn°p∂ Zo]inJ : GtXXv amfnIbpsS ap∂nseØp∂pthm AXns\

{]Imiam\am°pw IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ Hfnaßp∂p. AXpt]mse kzbwhc kZ neqsS
\S∂p\oßp∂ CμpaXn cmPm°≥am¿°v {]Xo£ \¬In \ncmis∏SpØp∂p.
{]h¿Ø\w 8
Na¬°mcw `wKn Is≠Ø¬
CSnshóSpwhÆw hn¬apdns™m®tI´p
\SpßocmPm°≥amcpcKßsft∏mse
ssaYnenabn¬t∏St]mse kt¥mjw ]q≠mƒ
IuXpIap≠mbvh∂p tNXknIuinI\pw
25
Imhykμ¿`w
hn√vapdn™ H®sb F¥nt\mSmWv
alm IhnIfpsS D]aIƒ kmZriys∏SpØnbXv?
kmZriyw Is≠Ø¬ am{Xa√ cmPm°∑m¿ \SpßnbXns\
Bkμ¿`Øns‚ BsI kuμcyw F¥nt\mSmWv kmZriys∏SpØnbXv?
{]Xnên∏n°p∂ `mh\mhym]camWv ssaYnenbpsS kt¥mjsØ
F¥nt\mSmWv kmZriys∏SpØnbXv?
(abn¬t∏S˛]oen hnS¿Øn BSmdn√
kt¥mjw D≈nsemXp°mtdbp≈p)
{Kq∏v : 5 ˛ imIp¥fw
IYmibw -˛ N¿®
ImfnZmks‚ `mh\bpw {]m]©nIt_m[hpw {]Yam\pcmKØns‚ hogvNIfpw {]IrXnbpw
a\pjy\pw XΩnep≈ _‘hpw DZmØambn amXrI{]Imin∏n°p∂ `mcXob \mSIßfpsS
ap∂Wnbn¬ \n¬°p∂XmWv A`n⁄m\ imIp¥fw F∂ \mSIw. ]uchcmPmhmb Zpjy¥≥
\mbmń\p Imń¬ sN∂t∏mƒ IWzm{iaØn¬ sh®v IWzal¿jnbpsS hf¿Øp]p{Xnbmb
iIp¥fsb I≠pap´p∂p. AXnkpμcnbmb Ahsf Km‘¿hhn[n {]Imcw ]cnWbn®p. hgnsb
Bfbm°msa∂p ]d™p Zpjvj¥≥ XncnsI t]mbn. IqńsIm≠pt]mIm≥ cmPmhv hcmØXn\m¬
K¿`nWnbmb iIp¥fsb IWzal¿jn cmP[m\nbnte°b°p∂p. cmPmhv Ahsc XnckvIcn°p∂p.
HSphn¬ ]e h¿jßƒ°p tijw Iiy]ap\nbpsS B{iaØn¬ sh®v ]p{Xt\msSm∏w k\ymk
PohnXw \bn®ph∂ Ahsf Zpjv j ¥≥ Is≠Øn £ambmN\w sNbv X v Ahsf Xs‚
]álnjnbmbn ho≠pw hcn®p.
imIp¥fØn¬ sXfnbp∂ a\pjycptSbpw {]IrXnbpsSbpw A\p`qXn Nn{Xßƒ

N¿® sNøpI.
B{iaØns‚ AgIv
PohnXØns‚ \KcØns‚ ]In´pw {]uVnbpw
`mKy\n¿`mKyßƒ {]Ya{]WbØns‚ hnemk`wKnIƒ
kpJZpxJßƒ {]uVkvt\lØns‚ £a, XymKw
t{Im[Øns‚ Bfn°Ø¬
{]h¿Ø\w 9
Is≠Ø¬
imIp¥fw F∂ \mSIØns‚ CXnhrØw alm`mcØn¬ \n∂pw FSpØXmWt√m.
PohnXØns‚ hn`n∂apJßsf IrjvWhmcnb¿ AhXcn∏n°p∂sXßs\sb∂v Is≠ØpI.
26
{KmaoW kwkvIrXn : \mKcnI kwkvIrXn
B{iaØns‚ AgIv ]cnip≤n \KcØns‚ ]In´pw {]uVnbpw
{]Ya {]WbØns‚ hnemkßƒ {]uV{]WbØns‚ £a
A]mcamb HuZmcyØns‚ ioXfna t{Im[Øns‚ Bfn°Ø¬
{]h¿Ø\w 10
{Inbm\maßƒ Is≠Ø¬
ImfnZmks‚ `mh\ sXfn™p {]Imin°p∂Xv imIp¥fØns‚ cN\bnemWv.
Nßºpg IrXnIfnse {]IrXnsb h¿Wn°¬ hfsc at\mlcamWv.
ASnhcbn´ ]Zßƒ {Inbm]ZßfmWv. ({]hrØnsbIpdn°p∂ ]ZamWv {Inb)
{]Imin°pI F∂ {Inbbn¬ \n∂pw cq]s∏SpØmhp∂ \maamWv {]Imiw.
h¿Wn°¬ ˛ h¿W\
X¿°n°¬ ˛ X¿°w
HmSn°¬ ˛
NmSn°¬ ˛
]Zt®cph
c≠`n{]mbw ˛ c≠v + A`n{]mbw
GsX∂ ˛ GXv + F∂
hn{Klm¿Yw Is≠ØpI.
\hcXv\ßƒ ˛ H≥]Xv cXv\ßƒ
almImhyßƒ ˛ alØmb Imhyßƒ
Zp¿e`w ˛ e`n°m≥ {]bmkambh
B\t]mse ˛ B\sbt]mse
Is≠ØpI
F≥. hn. IrjvWhmcnb¿ ImfnZmks\ D]an°p∂Xv F¥nt\mSmWv ?
lnamebhpw ImfnZmk\pw ka∑mcmhp∂sXßs\sb√mamWv ?
ImfnZmkIrXnIfnse {]Xn]mZyw ?
AanXamb kpJm\p`qXnIfn¬ apgpIn £btcmK _m[nX\mbn acn® cLphwi cmPmhv?
ImfnZmks‚ ImeL´Ønse cmjv { SobÿnXnIsf lmkyK¿`nXamb coXnbn¬
Dƒs°m≈n® \mSIw ?
ImfnZmk≥ FgpXnb KoX{][m\amb \mSIw.
`qanbpw kz¿Khpw H‰hm°neS°Wtam ˛ Rm≥ ]dbmw... imIp¥fw AXn¬ F√mw
ASßnbncn°p∂p ˛ BcpsS A`n{]mbamWnXv?
27
ImfnZmkIrXnIƒ H‰ t\m´Øn¬
IrXnIƒ kmlnXyhn`mKw {]tabw
EXpkwlmcw JfiImhyw {Kojvaw, h¿jw,icXv,tla¥w,inincw,
hk¥w XpSßnb Bdv EXp°sf
h¿Wn°p∂ Imhyw.
taLktμiw ktμiImhyw AfIm]pcnbn¬\n∂pw cmaKncnbnte°v
\mSpISØs∏´ b£≥ hnclZpxJØm¬
taLØneqsS ktμiw Ab°p∂p.
Ipamckw`hw almImhyw ]m¿hXn inhs\ `¿Ømhmbn e`n°m≥
ITn\X] v A\pjvTn°p∂Xpw inhs\
`¿Ømhmbn e`n°p∂Xpw.
hn{Itam¿hiobw KoX{][m\amb \mSIw D¿hinbptSbpw ]pcqch nt‚bpw
PohnXw.
A`n⁄m\imIp¥fw \mSIw iIp¥fmZpjy¥≥amcpsS PohnXw.
cLphiw almImhyw kpcyhwiØnse Zneo]≥ apX¬ A·n
h¿W≥ hscbp≈ cmPm°∑mcpsS
PohnXw h¿Wn°p∂ Imhyw.
AΩ
ssh°w aplΩZv _jo¿
t_∏q¿ kp¬Øm≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂ ssh°w aplΩZv _jo¿ PohnXm\p`hßƒ°v

IYmkm£m¬°mcw \SØnb kmlnXyImc\mWv. 1930˛¬ tImgnt°m´v D∏p kXym{KlØn¬
]s¶SpØXns‚ t]cn¬ Pbnenembn. BZyw {]` F∂ XqenIm \maØnemWv IrXnIƒ cNn®ncp∂Xv.
Ipsd h¿jßƒ C¥ysbm´msI Ae™p \S∂p.
]fl{io, tI{μ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan]pckvImcßƒ, efnXmw_nI A¥¿P\w Ahm¿Uv,
ap´Øph¿°n Ahm¿Uv, h≈tØmƒ ]pckvImcw XpSßnb _lpaXnIƒ e`n®n´p≠v.
{][m\IrXnIƒ : t{]ateJ\w, _meyImekJn, ‚p∏q∏ms°mcmt\≠m¿∂v, B\hmcnbpw
s]m≥Ipcnipw, ]mØpΩbpsS BSv, aXnepIƒ, ÿesØ {][m\Znhy≥, acWØns‚ \ngen¬,
ap®o´p Ifn°mcs‚ aIƒ, PohnX \ng¬∏mSpIƒ, Xmcmkvs]jy¬kv, am{¥nI∏q®, i_vZßƒ
(t\mh¬), `qanbpsS AhIminIƒ, hnizhnJymXamb aq°v, IYm_oPw, P∑Zn\w, Hm¿a°pdn∏v,
A\¿L\nanjw, hnVnIfpsS kz¿Kw, t\cpw \pWbpw, Hm¿abpsS AdIƒ, B\∏qS, Nncn∏n°p∂
ac∏mh, in¶nSnap¶≥, bm Cemln, \qdp cq]m t\m´v.
28
AΩ
"AΩ' IYbpw BflIYbpw Ncn{Xhpw tZim`nam\hpw ka\zbn∏n°s∏´ IrXnbmWv. kz¥w
PohnXw kz¥w `mjbnsegpXn aebmfIYbpsS kp¬Øm\mbnØo¿∂ ssh°w aplΩZv _jodns‚
Hm¿a°pdn∏n¬ \ns∂SpØ Hcp A\p`hIYbmWv AΩ. tZikvt\lhpw amXrkvt\lhpw
Xpeyi‡nbn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂ Cu IY Gsd {]ikvXamWv. _jodns‚ hnZym¿Yn PohnXhpw,
kzmX{¥ykacØns‚ hocKmYIfpw, AΩsb°pdn®p≈ \nco£Wßfpw F√maSßp∂ "AΩ'
_jodns‚ BflIYbmbnØs∂ hmbn°mw. AΩbpsS IØn¬ \n∂mcw`n®v Hm¿abneqsS
AΩbnte°pw Km‘nPnbnte°pw D∏pkXym{Kl kacImesØ A\p`hßfnte°pw {]hln®v
HSphn¬ AΩbpsS IØnte°pXs∂ Xncns®Øp∂ A\ymZriamb IY\ssiensIm≠v _jo¿
\sΩ hnkvabn∏n°p∂p. amXmhns‚bpw amXr`qanbpsSbpw alØzw Xncn®dnbm\pw kmaqlnIhpw
hy‡n]chpamb ISaIƒ \n¿hln°m\pap≈ aqeyt_m[w Dd∏n°m≥ Cu IYklmbIamhpw.
_jo¿ ssienbpsS {]tXyIXbpw X\nabpw ]cnNbs∏Sm\pw A\p`hßsf i‡amb `mjbn¬
Fßs\ AhXcn∏n°mw F∂v a\ nem°m\pw Cu ]mTw klmbIamWv.
Hm¿an°s∏tS≠ IYmkμ¿`ßƒ / {]tbmKßƒ
""aIt\ Rß°p \ns∂ H∂p ImWWw''
taml≥Zmkv IcwNμv Km‘n F∂ a\pjy≥ ImcWamWv Rm≥ BZyambn ASnbpw CSnbpw
sIm≠Xv....
]t£..... C¥y Fs‚ AΩbt√ ? Fs∂ {]khn® Fs‚ AΩ....
""a\ ns\bpw icoctØbpw ho¿∏papń°p∂ D∂X {]mImcßtfmSpIqSnb `b¶c
ImcmKmcamWv C¥y''
""AhnsS \ns‚ Bcm D≈Xv ? At±lw \o≠p\nh¿∂v "]S]tSm∂v' HcmsdÆw Fs‚
ssIsh≈bn¬ C\n t]mIcpXv. a\ nemtbmSm?''
Im¥n°v FhnsS InńsbSm Cu Nm°pt]mesØ ]pjv°Snap≠v ?
....AΩ H∂pw Adn™ncp∂n√.... Rm≥ AΩtbmSv Hcp •m v sh≈w Ahkm\ambn
hmßn°pSn®v DΩsb H∂p t\m°nbn´v Cdßn\S∂p''.
Fs‚ k¿hkzhpw `mcXamXmhns‚ ]mZßfn¬ A¿∏n°phm≥ Xo¿®bm°nbncn°p∂p.
ASnaØirwJe s]mń°phm≥ Fs‚ k¿hi‡nbpw Rm≥ Zm\w sNøp∂p.
29
]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
{]h¿Ø\w 1
hniIe\Ipdn∏v Xømdm°pI.
a\pjyhwiØns‚ Np≠n¬ hnfßp∂
G‰hpw at\mlcamb ]ZamWv AΩ
˛ Jeo¬ Pn{_m≥
ASnaØhpw Zmcn{Zyhpw CXpt]mse a‰t\Iw hym[nIfpw
\nd™ lX`mKybmb Cu \mńte°v AΩ Fs∂
F¥n\p {]khn®p.
˛ _jo¿
c≠p {]kvXmh\Ifntebpw s]mcpƒ Is≠Øn hniIe\ Ipdn∏v Xømdm°pI.
AΩbn√msX a\pjyhwiw \ne\n¬°n√.

lX`mKybmb\mSv P∑w \¬Inb AΩbneqsS Pohn°p∂
amXr`qanbmWv. amXr`qanbpsS ZpcnXw ImWm≥ Ignbp∂p ˛
AΩ Fs∂ F¥n\p _jodn\v
{]khn®p F∂ tNmZyØn¬
amXr`qanbpsS {]iv\ßƒ
ImWm≥ IYmImc\v Ignbp∂p
{]h¿Ø\w 2
hnebncpØ¬ Ipdn∏v
""Aßs\ Rm\pw t]mbn BtcmSpw tNmZn°msX hnZym`ymkw Dt]£n®v
tImgnt°mt´°v t]mbn. A∂p k‘y°v Fs‚ AΩ ASp°fbn¬ Blmcw ]mIw
sNøpIbmbncp∂p. Rm≥ AΩtbmSv Hcp •mkv sh≈w Ahkm\ambn hmßn°pSn®v DΩsb
H∂p t\m°nbn´v Cdßn \S∂p''
hoSv hnńdßm≥ _jodns\ t{]cn∏n® kmaqlnI kmlNcyßƒ hnebncpØpI.
hońse kmlNcyßƒ, kuIcyßƒ

]pdØpIn´ptam ?
tZiobt_m[w F∂n´pw hnZym¿∞n Bbt∏mƒ \mSphnSm\p
kmaqlnI{]Xn_≤X ≠mb ImcWw.
hońse IjvS∏mSpIƒt]mseXs∂bmWv
\mSns‚ IjvS∏mSpIfpw.
kmaqlnI AkaXzßtfmSp≈ {]XnIcWw.
30
{]h¿Ø\w 3
AΩsbt∏mse `mcXhpw Xs∂ {]Xo£n°p∂ps≠∂ _jodns‚
hm°pIfpsS ImenI{]k‡n N¿® sNøpI.
hoSv F∂ CØncn h´Øn¬ \n∂pw \mSv F∂
hnimeXbnte°v hfcptºmgmWv P\\nbpw
P∑`qanbpw H∂mbn amdpI.
AΩtbmSv c‡_‘w hońse {]bmkßƒt]mse \mńse
amXr`qantbmSv tZi_‘w {]bmkßƒ Xo¿°m\pw a°ƒ°v ISabp≠v.
{]h¿Ø\w 4
IYmkμ¿`w Is≠Øn eLpIpdn∏v Xømdm°pI
""taml≥Zmkv IcwNμv Km‘nImcWamWv Rm≥ BZyambn ASnbpw CSnbpw
sIm≠sX∂ clkyamWv F\n°nhnsS tcJs∏SpØm\p≈Xv ''
""Km‘nPn ImcWw X√pw CSnbpw sIm≠Xv F\n°v \√ Hm¿abp≠v''
""A¿[\·\mb ^Jo¿ c≠p]√pt]mb tamW ImWn®p Nncn®psIm≠p
sXmgpssItbmsS Ic°ndßn''
Km‘nPn _jodns‚ PohnXsØ Fßs\sb√mw kzm[o\ns®∂v Is≠ØpI..
Km‘nPnbpsS Nn¥Ifpambn tbmPn°p∂p.
Km‘nPnsb kzoIcn°p∂Xns‚ Bthiw.
Km‘nPnsb sXm´dnbp∂p.
B{iaØn¬ t]mIp∂p.
AΩtbmSv Km‘nPnsb∏‰n kwkmcn°p∂p.
D∏pkXym{KlØn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂p.
lnwk Dt]£n°m≥ Xømdmhp∂p.
{]h¿Ø\w 5
{]tbmK`wKn Is≠ØpI
]mØpΩbpsS BSp s]‰p "_vfpw'
kv{Xo P\ßfpsS D≈p I≈nIƒ a≠sItWi≥amcmb
]pcpjhrμßƒs°¥dnbmw ˛ Up¶p! Up¶p!
F√mw ad∂p Rm≥ Km‘nPnbpsS heXp tXmfn¬
]Xps° H∂p sXm´p.
hogm≥ t]mbXn\m¬ ssIØ≠n¬ ]nSn®p
aknen\p _ean√....]nfp ]nfn∏v......
At±lw \o≠p\nh¿∂v "]S]tSm∂v' HcmsdÆw
Fs‚ ssIsh≈bn¬.....
""Im¥n°v FhnsS\n∂p InńsbSm Cu ]pjv°Snap≠v'
31
`mjbpsS hmsamgn®¥ap]tbmKn®p≈ _jodns‚ BJym\ ssienbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ
Is≠ØpI.
hmb\°mcn¬ A\p`hthZyX hcpØphm≥
{]hrØntbmSp kmayw ]pe¿Øp∂ Nne
i_vZßƒ _jo¿ IqSpX¬ {]tbmKn°mdp≠v.
hmb\°mcn¬ IuXpIhpw [z\ymflIamb CØcw i_vZßƒ ]tcm£ambn
BkzmZyXbpw h¿[n∏n°p∂p A¿∞kºpjvSamWv.
kwKoXmflIhpw {Inbmwihpapƒs°m≈p∂
]Zkaqlw
{]h¿Ø\w 6
IYm]m{X hniIe\w
slUvamÃ¿ t£{X {]thi\ kXy{KlØns\Xncmbncp∂p. Km‘nPntbmSpw
hntcm[ambncp∂p. hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ Bcpw JZ¿ [cn°m≥ ]mSns√∂p \ntcm[n®ncp∂p.
Rm≥ A∂v JZdmWv [cn®ncp∂Xv. B{iaØnepw s]mbvs°m≠ncp∂p. A∂v
JZ¿ kzmX{¥yØns‚bpw {]Xntj[Øns‚bpw Nn”ambncp∂p.
CubnsSsbßm≥ Rm≥ acn®p t]mhpIbmsW¶n¬ Fs∂ Cu JZdn¬ AS°w
sNøWw F∂p Rm≥ ]dbpw.
slUvamÃdptSbpw _jodnt‚bpw Km‘nPntbmSp≈ kao]\ßƒ Is≠ØpI.
slUvamÃdpsS kh¿Wat\m`mhw.
BZyambn slUvamÃdn¬ ssh°w kXy{KlØns\Xncv
\n∂pw AImcWambn _jodns\ AImcWambn a¿Zn°p∂p.
a¿±\w Inńbt∏mgpw JZ¿ kztZi \n¿anX hkv{Xw.
AXv kln°m≥ JZ¿ [cn°pI ˛ Km‘nkw Dƒs°m≈pI.
IcptØInbXv JZ¿ kmaqlyZpjv{]hWXIƒs°Xnsc
Km‘nkamWv ˛ JZdmWv bp≈ {]Xntj[Øns‚ Nn”w.......
{]h¿Ø\w 7
hm°pIfnse [z\ymflIX Is≠Øp∂p.
FSm Cu Im¥n ]jvWn Xo¿°ptam ?
DΩbpsS sNdnb hm°pIfn¬sØfnbp∂ C¥ysb BIam\w _m[n®ncp∂
kmaqly {]iv\sØ°pdn®v _jodns\ Nn¥n∏n°phm≥ t{]cn∏n®pthm ?
`mcXw kzX{¥ambm¬ \ΩpsS ]ńWnXocpw....
]mcX{¥yamtWm
]ńWnbmtWm hepXv?
N¿® sNøp∂p.
32
{]h¿Ø\w 8
IYmkμ¿`s]mcpƒ / HuNnXyw Is≠ØpI.
ASn®Xv Hcp {_m“W≥ t]cv sh¶ntSizc≥
C¥ym°mcmb \m´pcmPm°∑mcpw AhcpsS k¿hi‡nbpap]tbmKn®v \ncmbp[cmb
lnμp ap…ow ]m¿kn knJv kXym{KlnItfmsSXn¿Øp.
tImgnt°mSv IS∏pdØv D∏p\nbaewL\Øn¬ G¿s∏´hsc C¥ym°mc\mb t]meokv
kq{]≠ns‚ B⁄b\pkcn®v ITn\amwhn[w a¿±n®p.
tImgnt°ms´ IS∏pdØv h®v ]n©phnZym¿∞nIsf Ahsc tIcfobcmb t]meokpIm¿
ASn®p\new]Xn∏n®p.
kzX{¥ykacØn¬ ]s¶SpØ [octZim`nam\nIsf {Iqcambn a¿±n°phm≥ hntZinIfmb
`cWm[n]≥amtc°mƒ kztZinIfmb `cWm[n]≥amcpw t]meokpamWv Bthiw
ImWn®Xv.
N¿® sNbvXv HuNnXyw ]cntim[n°pI.
\m´pcmPm°∑mcpw kztZi s]meokpw
{_nójpImcpsS N´pIßfmbn.
A[nImcØn\pw kztZinIƒ kztZinItfmSv
]WØn\pw th≠n i{Xp°sft∏mse s]cpamdn.
tZikvt\lw ]Wb kzmX{¥yØn\v hnLmXambn \n∂
s∏SpØnbh¿. ]n¥ncn∏≥ i‡nIƒ.
]mT`mKØp\n∂pw IqSpX¬ DZmlcWßƒ
Is≠ØpI.
{]h¿Ø\w 9
]ZtN¿®
]´WØn¬ ˛ ]´Ww + C¬
hmIyßƒ ˛
]Wan√ ˛
Bsc¶nepw ˛
Ad_n°Sen¬ ˛
HcdpXn ˛
{]h¿Ø\w 10
hn{Klm¿Yw
]gºpcmWw ˛ ]gb]pcmWw
A£chSnhv ˛ A£cØns‚ hSnhv
33
kzmX{¥ykacw ˛ kzmX{¥yØn\v th≠nbp≈ kacw
D∏p kXym{Klw ˛ D∏n\v th≠nbp≈ kXym{Klw
t_m´v sPń ˛
temIhμy\mb ˛
JZ¿j¿´v ˛
kXym{Klkacw ˛
hnπhImcn ˛
[¿a`S≥ ˛
{]h¿Ø\w 11
A¿YhyXymkw
hym[n ˛ tcmKw
B[n ˛ D¬°WvT
Nn”w ˛
Nn∂w ˛
Nn{Xw ˛
O{Xw ˛
{]h¿Ø\w 12
Ipdn∏v Xømdm°pI.
AΩ F∂ IYbn¬ "P\\nbpw P∑`qanbpw' ka\zbn∏n® _jodns‚ IYmcN\m
coXnbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Is≠Øn FgpXpI.
XpS°Øn¬
s]‰ΩtbmSp≈ kvt\lhpw aIt\ Rßƒ°p \ns∂ H∂p ImWWw
BZchpw˛aI≥ thdn´p F∂ AΩbpsS IØv
\n¬°p∂Xnep≈ at\mZpxJ `mcXamIp∂ AΩ tZim`nam\nIfmb
hpw AhXcn∏n°p∂p. a°tfmSpw ]dbp∂XnXmWv.
t]m‰Ω (amXr`qan)
A\p`hn°p∂ ]mcX{¥yØns‚
ZpcXnßfpw ˛ kac`S∑mcmb
]p{Xsc {]Xo£n°p∂Xpw
{]h¿Ø\w 13
IYmkμ¿`w Is≠ØpI
Rm≥ H∂pw ]d™n√. Rm≥ BsI hnßns∏mń. temIsa√mw DdßnInS°p
IbmWv. Fs‚ amXmhpam{Xw Dd°anf®ncn°p∂p. amXmhv Ft∂mSv ssIImepIƒ IgpIm≥
]d™p.....
F\n°v A¤pXw tXm∂n......
Rm≥ C∂v hcpsa∂v DΩ Fßs\ Adn™p.
34
IYmkμ¿`Øn¬ \n∂pw hy‡amhp∂ amXm]p{X_‘Øns‚ {]k‡n Xncn®dnbpI.
a°ƒ°mbn ImØncn°p∂ AΩ.
a°fpsS \∑am{Xw {]Xo£n°p∂ amXmhv.
temIsa√mw Ddßptºmgpw `£Ww ImØp
hbv°p∂ amXmhv.
{]h¿Ø\w 14
XmcXay°pdn∏v
"aIt\, Rß°p \ns∂ H∂p ImWWw'
ZqctZiØv ]´WØn¬ Aebp∂ aI\v AΩbpsS IØv.
""Fs‚ k¿hkzhpw `mcXamXmhns‚ ]mZßfn¬ A¿∏n°phm≥
Xo¿®bm°nbncn°p∂p. ASnaØ irwJe s]mń°phm≥ Fs‚ k¿hi‡nbpw Rm≥
Zm\w sNøp∂p.'
˛ _jo¿ _√mcn Pbnenep≈ kplrØns\gpXnb IØv
aI\nep]cn tZikvt\lnbmbn ]cnh¿Ø\s∏Sp∂ _jodns‚ hf¿®bpsS ]ShpIƒ
Cu IØpIfn¬ ImWmw.
XmcXayw sNøpI
AΩ°v aIs\ ImWWsa∂ B{Klw.
_jo¿Xs∂Øs∂ cmPyØn\mbn ka¿∏n°p∂p
{]h¿Ø\w 15
{]kwKw Xømdm°pI
Pbn¬tamNnX\mb _jodn\v c≠v B{Klßfp≠mbncp∂p. AcpIn\v
ap¥ncnbp≈ JZ¿jmfpw, t]meokv tÃj\n¬ sh®v {Iqcambn a¿±n® 270˛s\
sIm√Wsa∂Xpw ˛ sIm√phm≥ t]\m°Ønbpambn t]mb _jodn\v 270s\ sIm√m≥
Ign™n√. kuayambn ANypX≥; Km‘nPnbpsS ]√pt]mb IY ]d™p tIƒ∏n®p.
Cu kμ¿`Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬ Km‘nPb¥ntbmS\p_‘n®v "Km‘nkØns‚ {]k‡n
C∂v' F∂ hnjbsØ Bkv]Zam°n kvIqƒ Akwªnbn¬ \nßƒ \SØp∂ Hcp {]kwKw
Xømdm°pI.
kwt_m[\
hnjb{IaoIcWw
Alnwkmkn≤m¥w
C¥ybnse F√m klnjvWpX
A\oXnItfmSpap≈ \nbaewL\w
kac{]Jym]\ambncp∂p D∏pkXym{Klw
Km‘nPnbptSXv. kXym{Klw
_jodns‚ kzm[o\w
35
{]h¿Ø\w 16
A\pkvacW°pdn∏v Xømdm°pI
Pqsse 5 _jo¿ A\pkvacWZn\amWt√m ˛ _jo¿ A\pkvacW Ipdn∏v
Xømdm°pI.
(_jodns‚ Imew, A\p`hßƒ, kmlnXykw`mh\Iƒ, _jo¿ IrXnIfpsS
kaImenI {]k‡n)
{]h¿Ø\w 17
]ńIs∏SpØpI.
cNbnXmhv : FgpØ—≥, ImfnZmk≥, _jo¿, k®nZm\μ≥
IrXnIƒ : Hm¿Ω°pdn∏v, IhnIfpsS `mj, hn{Itam¿hiobw,
Atbm[ymImfiw, Hm¿abpsS AdIƒ.
{]tabw : DΩm Rm≥ Km‘nsb sXm´p, t{Im[w ]cnXyPnt°Ww _p[P\w,
IhnIƒ°v temIsaºmSpw Hcp `mjtbbp≈p.
{]h¿Ø\w 18
A¿YhyXymkw FgpXpI.
DΩbpsS tNmZyØn\v ap∂n¬ F\n°v DØcwapń t]mbn.
DΩbpsS ssIøn¬ \n∂pw sh≈w hmßn IpSn®n´v Rm≥ t]mbn.
ASnhcbn´ ]ZØns‚ A¿YhyXymkw FgpXpI.
{]h¿Ø\w 19
Is≠Ømw FgpXmw.
aplΩZv A_vZp dlvams‚ t\XrXzØn¬ {]kn≤oIcn® ]{XØns‚ t]sc¥v ?
s^¬´vlm‰v Ncn®ph®v henb tImfdpIfp≈ sh≈ j¿´pw[cn®v ta¬®p≠p \ndsb
t\cnb aoibpw timIKwòchpamb apJ`mhhpw ]q≠ Nn{Xw BcptSXmWv?
"hcnI hcnI klPtc kl\ kac kabambv' Cu Km\w BscgpXnbXmWv?
{]h¿Ø\w 20
A\p_‘w
\mbISn°pw kq£n°pI
Rm≥ aSßpIbmWv
Fs‚ NpaXe
Ign™p.
]pds∏´t∏mƒ
IqsSbndßn
\nßƒ°mhpambncp∂n√
36
Fs∂IqSmsX
Zn°dnbn√,
h∂ hgnaSßm\dnbn√,
]Xnbncn°p∂ B]Ødnbn√.
ImWm≥ sIm≈m\√msX
ImcyØn\psIm≈mØ aq°v,
kz¥w `mjb√msX
as‰m∂pw tIƒ°mØ ImXv
Xncn®dnbm≥ am{Xw ]‰p∂ IÆv
(t]cnSmhp∂ t]scm∂pw t]c√)
Rm\∂v
F{XZqscbpw aW°p∂aq°mbn
adhnteXpw ImWp∂ IÆmbn
Im°p∂ IcpØmbn.
A]Yßfn¬ Rm≥ ap≥ \S∂p
\bn®hs\ \mbIs\∂v hnfn® \m°v
A¿t[m‡nbn¬ \ndpØn
\nßƒ hnfn®p
\mb
""hmbn¬°øn´mepw ISn°mØ km[p
i{Xphns\tbm ISn®pIpSbp∂ t]mcmfn''
\nßfIØv t_m[w hn´pdßn
Rm≥ ]pdØv t_m[w hnSmsX Ddßn.
{ItaW Rm≥ \nßƒ°v tNcmØh\mbn
\mSp \ofw shfpØtXm
hgnIƒ sXfn™tXm
hnkvXrXnIpd™tXm ?
I¬∏‰ \mcmbW≥
apIfn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv hmbn®pht√m.

hniIe\w sNbvXv D]\ymkw Xødm°pI?
37
bqWn‰v ˛ IV
hm°pIƒ
k¿§Xmfßƒ
]mT-ßƒ:
A°¿amin
Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\mb IY
Aiz-ta[w
64
hm°p-Iƒ k¿§-Xm-fß
- ƒ
`qan-bnse a‰v Poh-Pm-eß - f- n¬ \n∂v a\p-jys\ th¿Xn-cn-°p∂ {][m-\L- S- I- ßfn-sem∂v
kwkv°m-c-am-Wv. Ie, kmln-Xyw, kwKo-Xw, inev]-\n¿ΩmWw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw kwkvIm-c-
Øns‚ kqN-Iß - f - m-Ws
- √m. Ch-bn-¬ A¥¿eo-\a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ k¿§-tijn a\pjyPohn-XsØ
aqey-ap≈Xm°m≥ klm-b-I-hp-am-Wv. Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X-Imew apX¬ Xs∂ Ie, kwKoXw F∂n-h-
sbms° a\p-jy-Po-hnXØns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw
a‰pw amdn-b-t∏mƒ k¿§m-fl-I-Xbpw hyXy-k-vX-amb cq]hpw `mhhpw B¿÷n®v kmwkvIm-cnI
PohnXsØ IqSp-X¬ kpμ-c-am-°n. hm°p-Iƒ k¿§-Xm-f-ßƒ F∂ bqWn-‰n¬ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-
Øns‚ hf¿®-bv°mbn shfn-®t- a-Inb k¿K-ti-jn-tb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p. Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ A\p-
`-hw, kmln-Xy-cN - \ - , A\p-`h
- ß- ƒ XpSßnbh kmln-Xy-kr-jvSnbv°v Imc-Wa - m-hp-∂s
- X-ßs\
XpS-ßnb Bi-bß - ƒ Cu bqWn-‰n¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS A°¿am-
in, Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m-Sns‚ Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\mb IY, hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω-bpsS Aiz-ta[w
F∂o cN-\I - f
- mWv Cu bqWn-‰ns‚ D≈-S° - w. bqWn-‰ns‚ {]th-iIambn \¬In-bn-´p-≈Xv ]mtªm-
s\-cq-Zb
- psS cN-\b - m-Wv.
]mT-ßƒ:
1) A°¿amin
2) Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\m-b- IY
3) Aiz-ta[w
Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Ønse {]i-kvXI - h
- n-bmWv hneyw thUvkvh¿Øv. Ihn-Xs
- b-°p-dn®v At±lw
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂X
- n-ßs
- \-bm-Wv.
""{]im-¥X
- b
- n¬ A\p-kvac- n-°s
- ∏-Sp∂ ss\k¿§o-Ia
- mb
hnIm-c-ß-fpsS A\¿§-f -{]-hm-l-amWv IhnX'' kqN-\I
- ƒ
F¥ns‚ {]hm-la
- mWv IhnX? hnImcw
hnIm-cØ
- n\v \¬Ip∂ hnti-jW
- s
- a¥v? ss\k¿§o-Ia
- mbXv
hnIm-cß
- ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Fhn-sS-bmWv? hnIm-c-ßƒ a\- n-ep-≠m-hp∂p
IhnX a\- n¬ P\n-°p-∂p.
F¶n¬ IhnX P\n-°p-∂Xv Fhn-sS-bmWv?
]mtªm-s\-cqZ Ihn-Xs
- b-°p-dn- ®v ]d-bp-∂Xv t\m°q (]m-T]
- p-kvXI
- Ø
- nse 95-˛mw t]Pv
t\m°p-I.) tNmZy-ßƒ°v DØcw Is≠-Øq.
˛- Ihnsb tXS-nh-∂X
- m-cmWv? kqN-\I
- ƒ
˛ \Zn, inincw Chsb hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Ihn- X - b mWv h∂Xv . inin- c - Ø n¬
˛ IhnX h∂Xv FhnsS \n∂mWv? \nt∂m \Zn- b n¬ \nt∂m Bhmw.
Ipfn¿Øp-hn-d-bv°p-∂-Xv, ]X-sØm-gp-
Ip-∂-Xv. a\- n¬ \n∂mhmw Ihn-X-h-
∂-X.v
65
1) Ihn-Xb- psS hc-hn-t\-°p-dn®v ss\cq-Z- ]-db
- p-∂s
- X-s¥√mw? thUvkv h¿Øns‚ A`n-{]mbw IqSn
]cn-KW
- n-®p-sIm≠v Ipdn-s∏-gp-XpI (4)
]mtªm-ss\-cqZ (1904˛1973)
C‰m-en-b≥ Ihn
Nnen-bn¬ P\\w
s\cq-Zb
- psS sNdp-∏Ø
- n-¬Xs∂ AΩ acn®p.
sSap-t°m-bn¬ Pohn-°p-tºm-gmWv
Ihn-Xm-cN
- \ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv.
{]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ßf
- n-se√mw IhnX I≠p.
sNdp-∏Ø
- n¬Xs∂ Fgp-Xnb Ihn-XI
- f
- n-se√mw
{]IrXn kPo-hk
- m-∂n-[y-am-Wv.
]mTw : 7
]mT-`m-K-ß-fn-eqsS
I˛A°¿amin (icÏpam¿ enw_msf)
C¥y-bnse ZfnXv kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv iÏp-am¿enw_m-sf. alm-cmjv{S ˛
I¿Æm-SI kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS AXn¿Øn-bn-ep≈ Hcp {Kma-Øn¬ P\n® At±lw X¿°-ßƒ
tI´p-hf- ¿∂ _mey-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ah¿ I¿Æm-SI - °- mtcm alm-cm-jv{S-°mtcm F∂-
Xm-bn-cp∂p X¿°w. hońepw ]pdØpw I∂-U- ]-db - p∂ Ah¿ kvIqfn¬ admTn `mj-bn-eqsS ]Tn-
®p. admTn `mj-bn¬ cNn-°s - ∏´ A°¿amin icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sfbpsS Pohn-XØ - ns‚ t\¿°m-
gvNb
- m-Wv. At±-lØ - ns‚ AΩ-bmb akm-ambn alm¿ Pm-Xn-°m-cn-bW - v. Ah-cpsS BZy-`¿Ømhv
I¿j-Is - Øm-gn-em-fn-bmb CT¬ Imw_-sf-bm-W.v Ch¿ tPmen sNøp-∂X - m-Is´ l\p-a¥
- e
- nw-_msf
F∂ ]mó-ens‚ Irjn-°f - Ø- n-epw. l\p-a¥
- e- nw-_m-sf-bpsS t{]cW-aqew CT¬ Imw_sf akm-
am-bnsb Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v, l\-pa-¥e - nw-_msf Ai-cW - b - mb akm-am-bnsb sh∏m-ń-bmbn
kzoI-cn®v A°¬tIm-ń¬ ]m¿∏n-®p. Ch¿°v P\n-® -a-I-\mWv icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf. AΩ
alm¿ (Io-gvPm-Xn) PmXn. A—≥ enwKm-bXv (ta¬PmXn). F∂m¬ c≠nepws]SmsX icÏp-
am¿ enw_msf A°m¿amin AYhm A¿[-Pm-Xn-°m-c-\m-bn.
icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS ktlm-Zc - n-bmb \mKn-bpsS `¿Øm-hmWv Ipam¿. {]mb-°q-
Sp-Xe
- p-≈ Cbmsf Ipam¿ama F∂mWv icÏp-am¿ hnfn-°p-∂X - v. Ipam-dns‚ AΩ-bmb im¥m
BXym ]g-°-®-hSw sNøp-∂p. Chtcm-sSm∏w icÏp-am¿ enw_msf Xma-kn-°p∂ Ime-L-´-
Ønse A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv ]mT-`m-Kw. CXv Bfl-I-Y-bpsS aebmf ]cn`mjbnse Pohn-X-Øns‚
ih-∏d- ºv F∂ A[ym-bØ - nse 119 apX¬ 122 hsc-bp≈ t]Pp-If - n¬ \n∂v FSp-Øn-´p-≈X
- m-Wv.
Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-tb-°p-dn®v ""CXv Fs‚ Pohn-X-a-√. F\n-°p-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°-s∏´ ASn-a-Ø-
amWv'' F∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. alm-cmjv{S Hm∏¨ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS ]qs\ Unhn-j≥
doPn-b-\¬ Ub-d-IvS-dmWv Ct∏mƒ At±-lw. {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf [oc-X-tbmsS XcWw sNøp-∂-
h¿°v Pohn-Xh- n-Pb
- a
- p-≠m-Ip-sa∂v "A°¿amin' \tΩm-Sp-]d- b
- p-∂p.
66
{]h¿Ø\w ˛1
A°¿am-in-bnse Nne-`m-K-ßƒXmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv hmbn-°q.
"Nh-dn¬ ]pX-™p-In-S-°p∂ Iod-°-S-em-kp-Iƒ Hcp hiØpw Rß-fpsS \nXy-kp-lr-
Ømb hni∏v adp-hi
- Øpw'
"Nh-dp-Iƒ°p- ]-Icw Xq°n-t\m-t°-≠Xv Rß-fpsS hni∏msWs∂\n°p t- Xm-∂n.'
"Znhkw apgp-h≥ Ae™v \S∂v hmcn-°q-´p∂ Nh-dns‚ Xq°hpw hne-bp-sa-¶n-ep-apt≠m
Rß-sf-t∏m-ep≈ a\p-jy¿°v?'
"A°¿amin' Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ A\p-`h
- ß
- f
- psS Ah-Xc - W
- a
- m-Wt- √m. _mey-Øn¬ icÏp-
am¿ enw_msf A\p-`h
- n® hni∏v F{X-tØmfw ITn-\a - m-sW∂v ]mT-`m-KØ - p-]d- b
- p-∂p.
˛ Nh-dn¬ ]pX-™p-In-S°
- p-∂s
- X-¥m-Wv?
˛-- BcmWv \nXy-kp-lrØv?
˛ Nh-dp-Iƒ°p-]I
- cw Xq°n-t\m-t°-≠Xv F¥mWv?
a\p-jy-t\-°mƒ hne-bp-≈Xv F¥n-\mWv?
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• hni-∏mWv kplr-Øv.
• Xq°-ap≈Xv hni-∏n-\m-Wv.
• Nh-dn\v a\p-jy-t\-°mƒ hne-bp-≠v.
• Nh-dn-t\-°mƒ hne-Ip-d™
- h
- c
- mWv Rßƒ (Zmcn-{ZyØns‚ Xo£vWX.)
• Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m-cs‚ PohnXw Zb-\o-b-am-Wv.
2. _mey-Øn¬ icÏp-am¿enw-_msf A\p-`-hn® Zmcn{Zyw A°¿amin F∂ Bfl-I-Y-bn-ep-≠v.
Ah hni-Ie\w sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-XpI (4)
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2
"F∂m¬ k¥m-ambn Hcp "alm¿' BsW∂v a\- n-em-b-t∏mƒ sNcp-∏p-IpØn sNcp∏v Xp∂m≥
Iq´m-°n-bn√'. Cu `mKw A°¿am-in-bn-te-Xm-W-t√m. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv sNcp-∏p-IpØn sNcp∏v
Xp∂m-ØXv?
alm¿ kap-Zm-bsØ sNcp-∏p-Ip-Øn- Im-Wp∂sXß-s\-bm-Wv? sNcp-∏p-Ip-Øn-bpsS {]h¿Øn-
tbmSv \nßƒ tbmPn-°p-∂pthm? Cs√-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v?
kqN-\ß
- ƒ
• alm¿ XmW- k-ap-Zm-ba
- m-Wv.
• XmW-ka- p-Zm-bØ
- ns‚ sNcp∏v Xp∂p-∂X
- n\v sNcp-∏pIpØn-t]mepw Xøm-dm-√.
PmXn-°√ a\p-jy-\mWv ÿm\w th≠-Xv.
• sNcp-∏p-Ip-Øn- XmW PmXn°mcs\ am‰n \ndp-Øp-∂p.
67
A°¿aminbnse as‰mcp`mKw Xmsg sImSp°p∂p
Db¿∂ kap-Zm-b°
- m-cn-bmb cm[ IpS-Øn¬ sh≈-hp-ambnhcp-tºmƒ icÏp-amdpw ]m¿iymbpw
Ahƒs°-Xnsc \S∂p sN∂-t∏mƒ cm[- ]-d-bp-∂p.
""Cubn-sS-bmbn alm¿Pm-Xn-°m¿°v A¬∏w Du‰w IqSn-bn-´p-≠v. t\sc \S-∂p-hc
- p∂Xv I≠ns√?
Hcp Iqk-ep-an-√msX. IpSn-°m\p≈ sh≈-amWv Rm≥ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-sX∂v \nßƒ°p a\-
n-em-bnt√? \nß-sf-ßm\pw sXm´m-eXv Aip-≤-amIpw'' (t]Pv 115)
˛ alm¿Pm-Xn°v Du‰w IqSn F∂p ]d-bp∂sX¥p-sIm≠v?
˛- alm¿Pm-Xn- sXm-´m¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°pI?
˛ "Hcp Iqk-ep-an-√msX' ChnsS kqN\ F¥mWv?
˛ cm[-bpsS hm°p-It- fmSv \nßƒ tbm-Pn-°p∂pthm? F¥p-sIm≠v?
XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-c≥ t\sc \S∂p hcp-∂p. hgn-am-dp-∂n-√.

alm¿sXm-´m¬ sh≈w t]mepw Aip-≤a
- m-Ipw.
XmW-Pm-Xn-°mc≥ Al-¶m-cn-bmbn F∂ kwi-bw.
Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Ihn-Xm-`mKw hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.

"sXm´p-Iq-Sm-Øh
- ¿, Xo≠n-°q-Sm-Øh
- ¿
ZrjvSn-bn¬s]-´mepw tZmj-ap-t≈m¿?
Cu Ihn-Xm-`m-KsØ Bibw "A°¿amin'bnse PmXn-Nn-¥t- bmSv kmay-ap-≈X
- mtWm?
˛ sXmSp-I, ASp-Øp-h-cn-I, ImWpI F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v IogvPm-Xn-°m-cs\ tIc-f-Ønepw Hcp-Im-
eØv Db¿∂ PmXn-°m¿ am‰n \nd-pØn-bn-cp-∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°mw.
tNmZyw 3 PmXn-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ H‰-s∏-Sp-Øepw Ah-KW
- \
- bpw "A°¿am-in-bn-ep-≠v. icnbmtWm?
DZm-lc- W
- ß
- ƒ Is≠Øn ka¿∞n-°p-I. CØcw hyh-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ \nß-fpsS {]XnI-cWw
Fgp-Xp-I. (5)
IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø-\Ø
- n\v:
""Xs∂ F¥n\o Xºp- c m- ° - ∑ m- c n- ß s\ Xpdn- ® p- t \m- ° p- ∂ - s X∂v ssI∏m- S - \ mZyw
a\- n-em-bn√. Xºp-cm-∑m¿°v Abn-Ø-ap-≠m-Im-Ø{X Zqc-ØmWv Xm≥ \n¬°p-∂-Xv. ac-Øn\v
ad-™v. apń\v Xmtg°v Xs‚ XpWn-°jvWw Cd-ßo-ń-√. Xe-bn¬ Im´p-h-≈n-sIm-≠p-t]mepw
Hcp sIń-√.'' amth-en-a‚w ˛ sI.sP. t__n (t]Pv 14)
apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ `mK-Øp≈ Bi-bs

- a¥v? A°¿am-in-bnse Bi-bß
- ƒ IqSn-tN¿Øv
Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I.
68
{]h¿Ø\w 3
"kXyw kzØn-t\-°mƒ hne-]n-Sn® aqe[-\a
- m-Wv. Pohn-Xb
- m-{X-bn¬ sN°p _p°n-t\-°mƒ AXv
D]-I-cn-°pw. Xo¿®.'
˛ IÆocpw In\mhpw ˛ hn.-Sn.-`´- X
- n-cn-∏mSv (I¿Ω-hn-]mIw t]Pv 54)
"Fs‚ kXy-k-‘X F\n°p \¬Inb B\μw B ap∏-Xp-cq-]-tb-°mƒ F{Xtbm hep-Xm-bn-cp-
∂p'.
˛- (A-°¿am-in-˛i
- c
- Ïp-am-¿enw-_m-sf)
kXyw
˛ c≠v Fgp-Øp-Imcpw F¥n-t\-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂Xv?
]W-tØ-°mƒ hep-XmWv kXy-k‘
- X
- .
˛ ]W-tØ-°mƒ hep-XmWv kXyw. icn-bmtWm? icÏp-am¿ ]Ww A[ym-]-Is\
˛ icÏp-am-dns‚ kXy-k‘
- X hy‡-amb kw`-ht- a- G¬∏n-°p-∂p.
Xm-W?v kXyw {]h¿Øn- ® p- s Im≠v Zmcn-
˛ Iq´p-Im-cs‚ D]-tZ-is
- a-¥m-bn-cp∂p? {ZysØ tXm¬∏n-®p.
˛ CXn-t\mSv icÏp-am¿ {]Xn-Ic
- n-®s
- X-ßs\? kXy-k‘
- X- - am-\n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂p.
˛ icÏp-am-dns‚ {]h¿Øn-tbmSv \nß¬ tbmPn-°p- \√ {]h¿Øn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw.

∂pthm? F¥p-sIm≠v?
4. icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS kXy-k-‘X shfn-hmb kw`hw Npcp°nsbgp-Xp-I. icÏp-am-

dns‚ {]h¿Øn-tbmSv \nßƒ tbm-Pn-°p-∂pthm? F¥p-sIm≠v? Ipdn-s∏-gp-XpI (5)
{]h¿Ø\w 4
"X\n°v Np‰p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a\p-jy-hn-cp-≤a- mb temIsØ NnIn¬kn-°m-\m-Wv {io\m-cm-bW - K
- p-cp-
{i-an-®X
- v. hn`m-Ko-bX
- bpw k¶p-Nn-XX
- zhpw sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bvabpw tcmK-Im-cW
- ß
- f
- m-bn-cp-∂p.
(N-cn-{XsØ AKm-[-am-°n-b-Kpcp ˛ sI]n.-A-∏≥)
"A°¿amin F∂ Fs‚ Cu Bfl-IY - sb Hcp Iem-kr-jvSn-bmbn Rm≥ ImWp-∂n-√. CsXmcp
\nth-Z\
- a
- m-W.v Cu ]pkvXI
- sØ kmaq-ln-Ia
- mb A\o-Xn-bpsS {]Xy-£h
- n-hc
- Ww F∂ \nevb°
v p-
am{Xw I≠m¬ aXn'
(A°¿amin Hcm-apJw icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf (t]-Pv10) kqN-\I
- ƒ
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp NnIn¬kn-°m≥{i-an-®Xv F¥n- • a\p-jy\v hncp-≤a - mb
s\-bm-bn-cp∂p?
kaq-lw
kaq-lØ- ns‚ tcmKIm-cW - ß
- f
- mbn Kpcp- Nq-≠n-°m-
Wn-°p-∂Xv Fs¥-√m-amWv? • hn`m-Ko-bX-
icÏp-am-¿ enw-_msf t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ A\o-Xn-Iƒ • k¶p-Nn-XX - zw

Fs¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p? A¿[-Pm-Xn, sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bva, • sXm´q-Iq-Smbva
Zmcn{Zyw, Ah-K-W-\, ]cn-lm-kw, k¶p-NnXXzw
XpS-ßn-bh
69
Cu Bi-bß
- ƒ hmb-\°
- m-ct- \mSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂s
- X-¥mWv?
˛- hn-`m-Ko-bX ]mSn√ ˛ a\p-jy¿ Xpey-cmWv ˛ a\p-jy-h¿§w H∂mWv ˛ a\p-jy-\m-Wv, A\m-Nm-cß
- -
f√ hepXv ˛ a‰p-f-≈-h-tcmSv \oXn-Im-Wn-°Ww ˛ PmXn Ht∂-bp≈q, AXv a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bmWv ˛
Zcn-{Zsc klm-bn-°Ww ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc Ah-K-Wn-°-cpXv ˛ A\y-sc- ]-cn-l-kn-°-cpXv ˛ CSp-ßnb
Nn¥-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°Ww XpS-ßn-bh
5) apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Bi-bß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ "ka-Xz-kp-μ-c-amb temIw' F∂
hnj-bØ- n¬ D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°p-I. (8)
{]h¿Ø\w 5
"Hmtcm inip-tcm-Z\
- Ø
- nepw tIƒ∏q-Rm˛
s\mcp tImSn-bo-izc hnem]w'
"sFIycmjv{Sk` hn`m-h\
- s
- N-øp-∂X - p-t]mse Hmtcm Iqń-bp-tSbpw Ah-Im-iß
- ƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn
kwc-£n-°s
- ∏-Sp∂p F∂v Dd-∏p-hc- p-tØ-≠Xv Hmtcm c - m-jv{S-Øn-t‚bpw ]uct‚bpw IS-ab
- m-Wv.'
icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS _mey-Im-em-\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ ]mT-]p-kvXI
- Ø
- n¬ hmbn-®p-ht- √m.
Fs¥√mw {]iv\-ß-fmWv B Ipń t\cn-´Xv F∂v \nßƒI-≠p.
˛- apI-fn¬sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂ h
- c
- n-Iƒ icÏp-am¿ enw_m- kqN-\I - ƒ
sf-bpsS Pohn-Xh- p-ambn _‘-ap-≈X - mtWm? Zmcn{Zyw ˛ hni∏v ˛ Ah-K-W\
˛- Fßs\ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p? N¿®-sNbvXv Is≠-Øq. ˛ kpc-£n-X-Xz-an-√mbva ˛
PmXn-]-c-am-b- H-‰-s∏Sp-Ø¬ ˛
_me-the ˛ th¿Xn-cnhv ˛ icn-
bmb hnZym-`ymkw e`n-°p-∂n√
XpS-ßn-bh
6. apI-fn¬ sImSpØ kqN-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn
]men-°s∏-Sp-∂pthm F∂ hnj-Øn¬ FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Xøm-dm-°p-I.
7. icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS Poh-Nc
- n-{X-°p-dn∏vv Xøm-dm-°p-I.
kqN-\-Iƒ : A¿[-Pm-Xn-°m-c≥ ˛ Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-h-ßƒ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßnh
Dƒs∏-Sp-ØW
- w.
8. tNcpw-]Sn tN¿°p-I.
Xoh≠n ˛
IS-em-kp-s]mXn ˛
]g-°S ˛- ]g-bX
- pWn
]g-¥pWn ˛ Xobm¬ HmSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ h≠n
hnin-jvS-\n-anjw ˛ hnin-jvS-amb \nanjw
alm-Ihn ˛ ]g-ßƒ hn¬°p∂ IS
ISemkpsIm≠p≈ s]mXn
alm\mb Ihn
70
9. Fs‚ kv°qƒ hnZym-`ymkw Np¶n-bnepw ]n∂oSv N]ƒKm-hn-ep-am-bmWv \S-∂-Xv.
Ah≥ Iq´p-Im-tcm-sSm-∏a
- mWv kvIqfn-te°v \S-∂X
- v.
AS-h-c-bn´ ]Z-Øn\v c≠v kμ¿`-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ A¿∞-hy-Xymkw Fgp-Xp-I.
10. Nh¿°q-ºm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v \√ IS-em-kp-Iƒ I≠m¬ icÏp-am¿ enw_msf sNbvXn-cp-∂-sX-
¥m-bn-cp∂p?
11. sNcp-∏p-IpØn s]mń-bs
- N-cp∏v Xp∂m≥ Iq´m-°m-Øs
- X-¥p-sIm≠v?
12. Iq´p-Im¿ icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sfsb Ifn-bm-°m≥ Imc-Ws
- a¥m-bn-cp∂p?
13. ¢m v A[ym-]I
- ≥ icÏp-am¿ enw_m-sfsb A`n-\μ
- n-°m≥ Imc-Ws
- a-¥m-bn-cp∂p?
14. A°¿amin F∂ {KŸw GXv kmlnXy hn`m-K-Øn¬s]-Sp∂p?
15. A°¿amin ae-bm-fØ
- n-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXX
- m-cmWv?
II Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\mb IY
(Fkv.sI. s]ms‰°mSv)
Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv kmln-Xy-kr-jvSn-bmbn amdp∂-Xv. AXv k¿K-kr-jvSn-
bm-Wv. Xa-km-\Z- o-Xo-cØ
- p≈ hr£-Øn¬ D√-kn-®n-cp∂ Infn-If - n-sem∂v thSs‚ Atº‰v hogp∂
ImgvN hmflo-In-bpsS lrZ-bØ - n-ep-≠m-°nb timI-amWv cmam-bW - I - m-hy-Øn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-®-
Xv. aebm-fØ
- nse k©m-c k - m-ln-Xy-Im-c\pw t\mh-enÃpw sNdp-IY - m-Ir-Øp-amb Fkv.s - I.-s]m-
s‰-°mSv hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fnse a\p-jy-Po-hnXw ASp-Ø-dn-bp-Ibpw Ah kmln-Xy-kr-jvSn-I-fn-
eqsS ae-bm-fnsb ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xm≥ PohnXw \¬In hf¿Ønb aI≥ hm¿[-
Iy-Øn¬ Ah-KW - n-®X - n¬ a\ws\m¥ h - r-≤b- psS \n -lm-bX a\- n-em-°nb s]ms‰-°mSv AΩ-
bpsS Ahÿ IØp-If - n-eqsS aIs\ Adn-bn-°p-∂p. B hr≤-am-Xm-hns‚ ssZ\yw Fgp-Øp-Im-
cs‚ a\- n¬ Ne-\ß - f - p-≠m-°n. At±lw hr≤-bpsS ]cn-tZ-h\ - ß- sf lrZ-bk - v]¿inbpw i‡-
hp-amb `mj-bn-eqsS aIs\ Adn-bn-®p. aI\v a\w-am-‰-ap-≠mbn. CXmWv Xs‚ IYm-c-N-\-bpsS
_me-]mTambn teJ-I≥ "Rm≥ IYm-Im-c\ - m-b I
- Y' F∂ D]-\ym-kØ - n-eqsS ]¶p-hb
- v°p-∂X - v.
Fkv.-sI.-s]ms-‰-°m-Sns‚ kºq¿Æ-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ \n∂v FSp-Ø-XmWv Cu D]-\ym-
kw.
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 1
HmW-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°ß - s
- f-∏‰- n ]∏p-Æn-ta-t\m≥ ]ns∂bpw ]eXpw tNmZn-®p. Hcp-°ß
- ƒ ]q¿Øn-
bm-b-ns°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ AΩ DØ-chpw sImSp-Øp. AΩbpw Pm\-In-tbm-
∏phpw Rm\pw-IqSn sXßp-I-fn¬ t\m°n-\-S-∂p. hnf™ tXß-bpt≠m F∂v. F√mw ]cn-tim-
[n-®p. Hcp sXßn-ep-an√ hnf™ tXß.
""C\n F¥p sNøpw AtΩ?'' \ncm-i-bpsS Bg-Øn¬ \n∂pw Pm\-In-tbm∏p tNmZn-®p.
AΩ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. Ah¿ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-\-S-∂p. Rm≥ AΩ-bpsS apJ-tØ-°p- t\m-°n. AΩ-
bpsS IÆp-If - n¬ \n∂pw IÆp-\o¿ Hgp-Ip-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B IÆp-\o¿, \·-amb s\©n¬°qSn
hb-dn-te°v Hgp-Ip-Ib- m-Wv. Bd-pa-°sf Npa∂ hb-dm-W-Xv. AΩ-bpsS IÆp-\o¿, AXp-am{Xw
F\n°v kln-°m-hX - √.
(Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS temI-Øn¬ ˛ ]n tIi-h-tZhv t]Pv 24)
71
Xs‚ AΩ-sb-°p-dn®v tIi-ht- Z-hns‚ Hm¿Ω- • HmW-°m-esØ Zmcn{Zyw.
Iƒ hmbn-®p-h-t√m.
• \n -lm-bX
ChnsS ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥n-t\-°p-dn-®mWv? • AΩ ZpJn-°p-∂p.
Pm\-Intbm∏phns‚ tNmZyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂- • Zcn-{Z-amb HmW-Zn-hk-sØ-°p-dn®v Hm¿°p-
sX¥v? I-bmhmw
AΩ Nn¥n-°p-∂s
- X-s¥m-s°-bmhmw? • ]gb HmW-sØ-°p-dn-®p-amhmw
• HmWw kar-≤n-bpsS D’-ha
- mWv
• Cu HmWw Zmcn-{ZyØn-t‚-Xm-Wv.
ASn-hc- b
- n´ `mKw H∂p-IqSn hmbn°q Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ GXvv at\m-`m-ha
- mWv ChnsS sXfn-bp∂Xv.
(A-Ωt- bm-Sp≈ kvt\lw)
F\n°v kln-°m-h-X√ ˛ F¥mWv?
(AΩ-bpsS ZpxJw, IÆp-\o¿, AΩ -th-Z-\n-°-cp-Xv)
kqN-\I
- ƒ
Rm≥ IYm-Im-c\- mb IY F∂ teJ-\Ø - nse AΩ
aI-\p-th-≠n sNbvXs
- Xs¥-√m-amWv? Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\mb IY
( AΩ aI-\p-th≠n Pohn®p ˛ ]ń-Wn-In-S-∂p) AΩ-bpsS Zmcn-{Zyw, ZpxJw,
\nk-lm-bX- , \μn-tI-Sv, Ah-
"IpTw' ]nSn® ]ń-tb-t∏mse F∂ `mKw \¬Ip∂
K-W\
- , XpS-ßn-bh
kqN\ F¥v?
(IpjvTt- cm-Knsb kaqlw Bń-tbm-Sn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-
t\-°mƒ {Iqc-ambn \mb-tbmSv s]cp-am-dpw)
aI≥ AΩ-tbmSv sNbvXXv icn-bmtWm? \nß-fpsS
A`n-{]m-bs
- a-¥mWv?
1. apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ c≠p kμ¿`-ßfpw hni-Ie\w sNbvXv AΩ-tbm-Sp≈ a°-fpsS
at\m-`mhw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdns∏gpXpI.. (5)
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2
""At∏mƒ Fs‚ A`n-am\w D®-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-t∏mbn'' (F-kv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m-Sv)
Fkv.s
- I. s]ms‰-°m-Sn\v A`n-am\w tXm∂n-bs
- X-t∏m-gmWv? kqN-\I
- ƒ
˛- A`n-am\w G‰hpw Db¿∂Xv Ft∏m-gmWv? aI≥ AΩbv°v ]Ww Ab-®p.
˛ aI≥ AΩ-tbmSv tNmZn-®s
- X-¥mWv? aI≥ AΩsb ImWm≥ h∂p.
˛- Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°m-Sns‚ IØp-Iƒ aIs‚ a\- n¬ IsØ-gp-Xp∂Xm-sc∂p tNmZn-®p.
Ne-\ß
- f- p-≠m-°n-bXv Fß-s\-sb√mamWv? aI\v Ip‰-t_m-[ ap≠mbn.
a\- n\v am‰w D≠m-bn.
2. Fkv.-F-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m-Sns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ aIs‚ a\- n-ep-≠m-°nb am‰-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-
sW∂v Is≠Øn Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I.
72
{]h¿Ø\w 3
Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]kvXm-h\
- I
- ƒ hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.
F\n°v B hr≤-bpsS ]cn-X-ÿnXn-bn¬ henb kl-Xm]w tXm∂n.
Ah¿ IÆo-cn¬ Ie¿Øn ]d-™-I-Y-Iƒ Fs∂ hnIm-c-]-c-h-i-\m-°n.
ap°mepw Ipcp-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂ B apØn-Ø-≈-bmWv sNdp-I-Ym-c-N-\-bn¬ Fs‚ BZysØ Kpcp-
\m-Y.
Ah-cpsS aI\v A∂v Rms\-gp-Xnb IØp-If
- mWv Fs‚ BZysØ sNdp-IY
- I
- ƒ F∂p-]d- b
- mw.
˛ Fkv. sI. s]ms‰-°m-Sv.
˛- hr≤-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ teJ-I\
- n¬ F¥v am‰-amWv D≠m-
°n-bXv? kqN-\I
- ƒ
˛ aIs‚ a\- n-f°
- m≥ Fkv.s
- I.-sN-bvXs
- X¥v? Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ a\- n¬]-
Xn-™p. At±lw ZpxJn®p ˛
˛ Xs‚ cN-\-Iƒ e£yw I≠p F∂v Fgp-ØpImc\v ]d- cN-\-Iƒ e£yw I≠p ˛
bm-\m-Iptam? F¥p-sIm≠v? aI≥ AΩ°v ]Ww Ab®p
˛ IsØ-gp-Xnbt∏mƒ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ F∂ -\n-e-bn¬ ˛ ImWm≥ h∂p. Fkv.-sI.-
Fkv.s
- I.-s]m-s‰-°mSv hnP-bn-®pthm? hn-Pb
- n-®p.
s]mXp-hm-bn- N¿®- sN-øp-I.
3. A\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\
- n-ep-≠m-°nb am‰-amWv hmb-\m-°m-cn-\nepw am‰-ap-≠m-°n-bXv F∂v
Rm≥ IYm-Im-c\
- mb IY F∂ ]mT-Øn¬ ImWmw. DZm-lc - W
- ß
- ƒ Is≠Øn ka¿∞n-°p-I(4)
{]h¿Ø\w 4
"hmb-\-°m-c-t\mSv Xo¿®-bmbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v _‘-ap-≠v. Imc-Ww, Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ tPmen
A\p-`h
- ß
- f
- p-tSbpw hnNm-cß
- f
- p-tSbpw kz]v\ß
- fp-tSbpw kw{I-aW
- a
- m-Wv.
(t\m-h-en-Ãns‚ inev]-ime ˛ sI.-kp-tc-{μ≥)
teJ-Is‚ A`n-{]m-bØ
- n¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v hmb-\°
- m-
c-t\mSv _‘-ap-t≠m?
Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ tPmen F¥mWv?
kmln-Xy-Im-c≥

A\p-`-hw, hnNmcw,
kz]v\w

hmb-\°
- m-c≥
73
"F\n-°p-th-≠n-bmWv Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ Fs‚ apºn¬ ]{X-°m-cn-√. {]km-[-
I∑m-cn-√. hmb-\°
- m-c\
- p-an-√.
kqN\
(Im-Yn-Is‚ ]Wn-∏pc ˛ Fw. Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥
\mb¿) sI. kptc{μ≥
Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \mbcpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ hmb-\° - m-ct- \m-SvF
- g- p-Øp-Im-c\v _‘-ap-
B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv Fgp-Xp-∂Xv? ≠v. cN-\b - n-eqsS Bi-bß - ƒ hmb-\°- m-
c-\n-se-Øp-∂p.
Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v BtcmSmWv _‘-ap-≈Xv?
Fw.-Sn.
sI.-kp-tc-{μ-t‚bpw Fw.-Sn-bp-tSbpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-
Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-ks - a¥v? Fgp-Xp-∂Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v th≠n-bm-Wv.
hmb-\°- m-c\
- p-th-≠n-b√
- .
Fkv. sI. s]ms‰-°m-Sns‚ IØp-Iƒ aI\v am‰-
ap-≠m-°ntbm? ChnsS Fgp-Øp-Im-c\
- mb Fkv.- Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°mSv Fgp-Xn-bXv hmb-\-
sI. hnP-bn-®pthm? °m-c-\mb aI-\n¬ Ne-\-ap-≠m-°n.
4. sI.-kp-tc-{μ≥, Fw. Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿ F∂n- Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°mSv Fgp-Xnb Bibw
h-cpsS ImgvN∏- m-Sp-Iƒ hyXy-kvX
- a
- m-Wv. Fkv.s- I.- hmb-\°- m-c\
- mb aIs\ Fßs\ kzm[o-
s]m-s‰-°m-Sns‚ cN\ hmb-\° - m-c\- n-ep-≠m-°n-b- \n®p?
am-‰hpw I≠p-ht- √m. \nß-fpsS A`n-{]m-bß - fpw
IqSn tN¿Øp-sIm≠v hmb-\-°m-c\pw Fgp-Øp-
Im-c\pw F∂-hn-j-b-Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-
°p-I.
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 5
kqN-\I
- ƒ
""Cu IYbv°v Hcp A\p-_‘w IqSn-bp-≠v.
Ign™ h¿jw Rm≥ B aIs\ tImgn-t°m-´p- `mcysb Dt]- £ n®p AΩsb
h®v I≠p-ap-´p-I-bp-≠m-bn'' ˛ Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰- Hm¿Øv ]ivN
v m-Øm]w ˛ hr≤-tbmSv
°m-Sv. kl-Xm-]hpw aIs‚ _p≤n-iq-
\yXbnep-≠mb Nncn-bpw.
˛- Bsc I≠-Im-cy-amWv Fkv.s
- I. ]d-bp-∂Xv?
˛ teJ-I\v kl-Xm-]hpw XpS¿∂v D≈n¬ Nncnbpw D≠m-
hm-\p≈ Imc-Ws
- a¥v?
5. Xm≥ IsØ-gp-Xn-bn-cp∂ aIs\ I≠-Øn-\p-ti-ja
- p≈ Imcy-ßƒ s]ms‰-°mSv ]d-bp-∂Xv
Npcp-°n-sb-gp-Xp-I. (50
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 6
Nne ]{X-ß-fn¬ h∂ hm¿Ø-I-fpsS Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ Xmsg-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p.
hr≤-am-Xm-hns\ aI≥ hgn-bn¬ X≈n a°ƒ°v AΩsb th≠ hr≤-kZ- \w XpW-bmbn
AΩsb Bdp-h¿jw Nße-bv°n´
aI≥ Ad-Ãn¬
\msSßpw amXr-Zn-\m-tLmjw
a°-fp-t]-£n® AΩ acn-®p.
74
6. apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ hmbn-®p-h-t√m. Rm≥ IYm-Im-c-\mb IY F∂ D]-
\ym-k-Ønse Bi-b-ßƒIqSn tN¿Øp-sIm≠v amXr-Zn-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn "Ah-K-Wn-
°s∏Sp∂ amXrXzw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ {]kwKw Xø-dm-°p-I. (6)
7. Xmsg sIm-Sp-Øn-´p≈ ]Z-ß-fpsS hn{K-lm¿∞-sa-gp-Xp-I. tImWn-∏-Sn, Iod-ap-≠v, apØn-Ø≈,
amXr-lr-Zb
- w, hr≤-am-Xmhv
8. Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ ]ncn-s®-gp-Xp-I.
`rXy-∏W
- n, tImWn-∏S- n, FÆn-sb-Æn, X∏n-Ø∏
- n.
9. kz¥w hI-bmbn Nne kc-kzXo hnem-k-ßfpw tN¿Øv Rm≥ B aS-b-\mb aI\v XpS-sc-Øp-
Ssc IØp-Iƒ FgpXn Ab-®p.
ASn-hc
- b
- n´ `mKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂s
- X¥v?
hm°p-Iƒ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-ambn
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv
10. At∏mƒ Fs‚ A`n-am\w D®-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-t∏mbn ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Zw-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-
sX-¥mWv?
11. hr≤-bmb amXmhv Fkv.s
- I.-s]m-s‰-°m-Sn-t\mSv ]d-™s
- X-s¥√mw (3)
12. Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]Z-ßf - psS A¿∞-sa-gp-Xp-I.
\n -lm-bX- , ap{Z-et- °m-´v, A£-¥h - yw, IrX-Lv-\X
- , XpS-cØ
- p-Ss
- c, D®-tIm-Sn, A\p-_‘w
13. At∏mƒ Fs‚ A`n-am\w D®-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-t∏m-bn, kμ¿`hpw Bi-bhpw Fgp-Xp-I.
14. Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°m-Sns‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-°pdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. (kq-N-\-Iƒ : 1916 ˛ 1982 ˛ i¶-
c≥Ipń s]ms‰-°mSv ˛ tImgn-t°mSv P\\w ˛ k©m-ck - m-ln-Xy-Im-c≥ ˛ t\mh-enÃv ˛ sNdp-IY - m-
IrØv ˛ {][m-\I
- r-Xn-Iƒ ˛ kzmX-{¥y-ka
- c
- t- k-\m\n ˛ temI k`mwKw ˛ e`-n®- ]
- p-ck
- v°m-cß
- ƒ
˛ ⁄m\-]oTw Ahm¿Uv) (5)
15. Rm≥ IYm-Im-c\ - mb IY F∂ ]mT`mKØn\v "AΩ-bv°p-th≠n sNbvXXv' F∂ Hcp Xe-s°´v
Hcp Ipń \n¿t±-in-®p. ]pXnb Xe-s°´v Cu D]-\ym-kØn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amtWm? F¥p-sIm-≠m-
sW∂v hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-I. A\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp Xe-s°´v \n¿t±-in-°mtam? (5)
Aiz-ta[w
hbem¿ cmah¿Ω
tZh-∑msc {]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sNøp∂ I¿Ω-amWv bmKw. tZmj-ßƒ C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\v
cmPm-°-∑m¿ \S-Øn-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcp bmK-amWv Aiz-ta-[w. CXn-\mbn IpXn-csb Agn-®p-hn-Sp-
Ibpw IpXn-cs
- b- X-Sb
- p-∂h
- sc tXm¬∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw. shfp-ØtXm ap≥`mKw IdpØv _m°n
`mKw shfptØm BhWw IpXn-c. IpXn-csb c£n-°p∂Xn\v Bbp-[-[m-cn-I-fmb ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ
D≠m-hpw. \qdv Aiz-ta[w \S-Øp∂ cmPmhv C{μ\v Xpey-\m-Ip-sa-∂mWv hnizm-kw.
75
Xqen-I-]-S-hm-fm-°nb Ihn F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω-bpsS "Aiz-ta[w' F∂ IhnX
a\p-jys‚ k¿§ i‡n-tbbpw al-Xz-tØbpw Ipdn®p ]mSp-∂p. am\-hN - c
- n-{X-Øn¬ k¿§-tijn
Fßs\ {]tbm-P\ - s
- ∏´p F∂v Cu Ihn-Xb
- n¬ Ihn ]d-bp-∂p. bYm¿∞ k¿§-i‡ - nsb XS-bp-
hm≥ aXw, A[n-Imcw F∂n-ßs\ bmsXm-∂n\pw Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂pw F√m-Øn\pw aosX-
bmWv kwkv°m-cs - a∂pw I-ebpw kwkv°m-chpw Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-sa∂pw Ihn Cu Ihn-
X-bn-eqsS hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hnPbw t\SpI F∂ A¿∞-Ønepw Aiz-ta[w F∂ ]Zw C∂v D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω-bpsS "apf-¶mSv' F∂ IrXn-bn-te-XmWv Cu IhnX
{]h¿Ø\w ˛1
Aiz-ta[w F∂ Ihn-X-bnse Nne hcn-Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.
\nßƒIt≠m inc- p-b¿Øn-∏mbp ˛ Dt∑jw
sa≥Ip-Xn-csb sNº≥Ip-Xn-csb? IpXn-°m-\p≈ Xm¬]cyw Ihn°v

A`n-am-\-am-Wv. tImSn-tImSn h¿j-
Fs¥m-cp-t∑-ja
- m-WXn≥ IÏ-fn¬ ß-fn-eqsS t\Sn-b-i-‡n-bp-≈Xv
Fs¥m-cp-’m-la
- m-WX
- n≥ Im¬I-fn¬ {]Ir-Xnsb a√n´v t\Sn-bXv.
B¿°pw Pbn-°m-\m-hm-ØX - v.
Ihn-Xm-`m-Kw-hm-bn-®p-ht- √m.
IpXn-cb
- psS IÆp-If
- n¬ ImWp-∂s
- X¥v?
Imep-If
- n¬ D¬km-la
- mWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂X
- n-eqsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂s
- X¥v?
inc- p-b¿Øn-∏m-bp∂ IpXnc-sb N
- q-≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ Ihn-bpsS `mh-sa-¥mWv?
1 k¿§-i-‡n-bm-Ip∂ IpXn-c-bpsS Fs¥√mw {]tXy-I-X-I-tf-°p-dn-®mWv Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv? a‰v

{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ IqSn Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I.
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2
""Fs‚ ]q¿hn-Ic
- i
- z-lr-Zb
- ⁄
- ˛
]q¿hn-IcmWv IpXn-csb Is≠-
scs‚ ]q¿hn-I¿ hniz-hn-P-bn-Iƒ, Øn-bX - v. Aiz-lr-Zbw Adn-bm-hp-
A¶-am-Sn-°p-Xn-csb hos≠-Sp˛ ∂-hc - mWv ]q¿hn-I¿. Ah¿ hniz-
hn-P-bn-I-fm-Wv. bp≤w sNbvXv
Ø∂-W™
- p-bp-Kß
- ƒX≥ Kmb-I¿''
IpXn-csb hos≠-Sp-Ø-h-cm-Wv.
Xs‚ ]q¿hn-I¿°v F¥v ⁄m\-ap-s≠-∂mWv bpK-ßf - psS Kmb-Ic- m-Wv. aÆn¬
Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv? ]nd-∂h - c- m-Wv. kwkv°mc inev]n-
I-fm-Wv.
BcmWv hniz-hn-P-bn-Iƒ?
]q¿hn-Ic
- psS as‰-s¥√mw {]tXy-IX
- I
- f
- mWv Ihn-]d- b
- p-∂X
- v. ]mT-`m-KØ
- p-\n∂v Is≠-Øq.
(]m-T-]p-kvXIw t]Pv 107) Aiz-lr-Zbw ˛ at\m-th-K-Øn¬ IpXn-csb
]mbn-°p∂ a{¥w. ChnsS thK-X- kq-N-n∏n-°p-∂p.
76
2. Xs‚ ]q¿hn-I-tc-°p-dn®v Hm¿Øv A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂ ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv
Ihn. ]q¿hnItc°p- d n®v Ihn A`n- a m\w sIm≈m- \ p≈ Imc- W - ß ƒ Fs¥√mamWv ?
Npcp-°n-sb-gp-Xp-I.
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 3
kqN-\I
- ƒ
]mT-`m-KØ
- p-\n∂v Is≠-Øq.
ih-Iq-So-c-ß-fn¬ \rØ-amSn.
˛- IpXn-cb
- psS bm{X-tb-°p-dn®v Ihn-]d- b
- p-∂s
- X-s¥-√m-amWv? A[n-Im-c-Nn-”-amb sIm‰-°p-
˛ IpXn-cb
- psS Ipf-ºS- n-tb‰v hoW-sX-s¥-√m-amWv? Sbpw `c-W-Iq-Shpw XI¿∂p.
˛ ssZhw sNbvXs
- X-¥m-bn-cp∂p? IpXn-c-sb -\n-b-{¥n®v X\n°v
bm{Xm-hm-l-\-am°m≥ ssZhw
˛- cmPm-[n-Imcw F¥n-\mWv Hcp-sº-´Xv? {ian®p. tk\-Iƒ XS-bp-∂p.
˛ XØz-th-Zn-Iƒ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? XXz- ⁄ m- \ n- I ƒ tbmK- Z -
A[n-Im-cw, aXw, GIm-[n-]Xyw, XØz-⁄m\w WvUn¬ XS-bm-s\m-cpßn. k¿§-
F∂nh k¿§-tijn°v apºn¬ Iog-S-ßntbm? tijn hnP-bn-°p-∂p.
DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Is≠Øn Fgp-Xq.
˛ Ft∏mgpw hnP-bn-°p-∂X
- m-cmWv?
3. bYm¿∞ k¿§-ti-jnsb XS-bp-hm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Aiz-ta[w F∂ Ihn-Xsb ASn-
ÿm-\-am°n hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I. (5)
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 4
""tImSn-tImSn iXm-_vZß
- ƒ apsºmcp • a\pjy≥ h\hmknbmbncp∂p
ImSn-\p-≈n¬ hs®≥{]-]n-Xm-al
- ¿ • \mbmSnbmbn Pohn®p
I≠-Xm-Wn-°p-Xn-cs
- b, °m´p-]p¬ • k¿Ki‡nbmWv Is≠ØnbXv
Ø≠p-\¬In hf¿Øn apØ-»n-am¿'' • h\hmkImeØv Is≠Øn
˛ BZn-aI
- meØv a\p-jy≥ hkn-®n-cp∂sXhn-sS-bmWv?
˛- apØ-—∑
- m¿ I-s≠-Øn-bs
- X¥v? Kpl-bn¬ hkn°p∂ a\p-jy≥-˛-
˛- FhnsS h®mWv Is≠-Øn-bXv? a-c-hpcn ˛ hkv{Xw-˛-A-e™p \S-
˛ apØ-»n-am¿ sNbvXs
- X¥v? ∂n-cp-∂p. Xmakw XpS-ßp-∂p. Kpl-
I-fn¬ Nn{Xw hc®p ˛ \rØw ˛apf-
tNmZyw 4 ¥- ≠ n- e qsS ]mSn a\- j y- h ¿§-
kqN-\-Iƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v apI-fn¬ Øns‚ ]ptcm-KX - n, kmwkvIm-cn-I-
h-f¿® Ch kqNn-∏n-°p∂p.
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ IhnXm `mK-Øn\v BkzmZ\w Xø-dm-°p-I.
{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 5
Ihn-Xm-`mKw hmbn-°q. lnam-e-bsØ a\p-jy≥ Iog-S-°n-b-
""]s≠m-cn-¥ym-°m-c\ - m-Imi KwKsb XmWv Cu Ihn-Xb - n¬ ]d-bp-∂X
- .v a\p-
s°m≠p-t]mbv aÆn-sem-gp°o `Ko-c-Y≥ jy-]p-tcm-K-Xnsb Ihn Db¿Øn-°m-
\msf-b-hs‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-fo- p-c˛ Wn-°p-∂p.
tKmf-e£
- ß - s
- f-bΩ - m-\a- m-SnSpw''
(\√ ssla-hX - `- q-hn¬ ˛h-be - m¿)
(hb-em¿Ir-Xn-Iƒ t]Pv 344)
77
Fh-dÃ- n-\p-ta¬ a\p-jy≥ Imep-Ip-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ Ahsc
ASp-Øp-I≠ tZh-∑m¿ Aº-ct- ∏msS ]d-bp-∂X - mWv Cu
`mKw. BIm-iK - w-Ks
- b `- q-an-bn-se-Øn-®X
- m-cmWv? kqN-\I
- ƒ
`Ko-c-Ys‚ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ F¥mWv sNøpI? `Ko-c-Y≥ kz¿§Ønse KwK-
sb- `q-an-bn-sem-gp-°n. B[p-
AΩ-m\-am-SpI F∂ ]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂s
- X¥v?
\nI a\p-jy≥ {]]-©sØ
{]h¿Ø\w ˛5 Iog-S°- pw.
Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hcn-Iƒ hmbn-®p-t\m°q a\p-jy\v F√mw \n m-ca
- mWv
ZnKzo-P-b-Øn-s\≥ k¿K-i-‡n-bm˛
an°p-Xn-csb hn´-b-°p-∂p -Rm≥ k¿§-i-‡n-bmWv IpXnc. a\p-
Bscm-cm-fo-°p-Xn-cs
- b-s°-´p-hm≥ jy\pw Ime-Øn\pw XS-bm-\m-hp-
Bsc-mcm-fn-Xn≥ am¿§w apS-°p-hm≥''? I- b n- √ . F¥n\pw apI- f n- e mWv
kwkvIm-cØ - ns‚ ÿm\w.
˛- Zn°p-Ise Pbn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ihn GXv IpXn-c-sb-bmWv
Ab-°p∂Xv? GIm-[n-]Xyw A[n-Im-cw, aXw,
{]Xm]w Ch Xm¬°m-en-I-am-Wv.
˛ sI´p-I, am¿§w apS-°pI F∂o-]-Z-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p- Ie, kmln- X yw, am\- h n- I - X ,
∂-sX¥v? kwkv°mcw Ch ImesØ AXn-
˛- Zn°p-Isf Pbn-°pI F∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm- Po-hn-°p-∂p.
≠mhmw?
5) a\p-jys‚ k¿§-ti-jnsb B¿°pw XS-bm\m-hp-I-bn√ F∂v hniz-kn® Ihn-bmWv hb-em¿
cma-h¿Ω. Aiz-ta[w F∂ Ihn-Xsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°pI (8)
6. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-´p≈ ]Z-ßƒ hn{K-ln-s®-gp-Xp-I.
]nRvOnIm Nme-\w, kmaq-ly-i-‡n, Im´p-tNm-e, ZnKzn-P-bw, apØ-Wn-°q-Wp-Iƒ, Im´p-]p¬Ø-
≠v, sNº≥Ip-Xn-c, hniz-hn-P-bn-Iƒ, kwkv°mc inev]n-Iƒ, k¿§-i-‡n.
7. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-´p≈ ]Z-ßƒ ]ncn-s®-gp-Xp-I. ZnKzn-Pb
- w, iXm-_vZw, sIm‰-°p-S, ]S-∏m-fb
- w, A°p-
f-ºS- n.
8. Fhn-sS-bmWv Ihn Aiz-ta[w \S-Øp-∂Xv?
9. \nßƒ It≠m inc- p-b¿Øn-∏m-bp˛
sa≥IpXn-csb sNº≥Ip-Xn-csb?
Ihn-bpsS h°p-If
- n¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ `mh-sa-¥mWv?
10. bpK-ß-fn¬ IpØn-\n¿Ønb apØ-Wn-°q-Wp-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv F¥n-t\-bmWv?
11. Aiz-lr-Zb
- ⁄
- ¿ F∂v hb-em¿ hnfn-°p-∂X
- m-sc-bmWv?
12. Aiz-lr-Zb- ⁄
- ¿, hniz-hn-Pb
- n-Iƒ, bpK-ßf
- psS Kmb-I¿, kwkvIm-cn-iv]n-Iƒ Fs∂√mw Ihn
hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bsc-bmWv?
78
""Cu bpK-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-i‡n Rm≥ k¿§-tijn F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw
ambp-In-s√s‚ ssNX\y hoNn-Iƒ'' temIsØ \bn-°p-∂X
- p-amWv
AXv \in-°p-∂X
- √
- .
(A-iz-ta-[w)
kmaq-ly-am-‰Ø
- n\v kmln-Xyhpw kwkvIm-chpw F∂pw Imc-Wa- m-Wv. AXv A⁄-Xsb AI-‰p-
∂p. kwkvIm-c-in-ev]n-Isf∏‰n Ihn as‰mcp Ihn-X-bn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p.
"]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ ktμi-hm-l-I¿ kwkvImcw a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-bmWv

]pXn-bk
- w-kvIm-cØ
- n≥ Kmb-I∑
- m¿ ]pXn-bb
- pKw am‰-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv.
hgn-h°
- n¬ \ns∂m-∂p-am-dpI Rßƒ°p ]pXnb kwkvIm-cØ
- ns‚ ]m´p-Im¿
apgp-an-°m-\p-≠n-s∂m-ci
- z-ta[w FØp-∂p. Ah¿ Xn∑-Isf tXm¬∏n-°p-∂p.
(sIm-¥bpw ]qWqepw ˛ hb-em¿ hb-em¿Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ t]Pv 48)
""IpXn-c∏pdØp R
- m≥ ]m™p am\-h-]p-tcm-K-Xn-sb- I-hn -kzm-KXw
t]m-hp-tºmƒ, ssIbn¬ IpX-dn- ˛ sNøp-∂p.
Øp-≈n-s°m-s≠≥ Nm´-hm-dnfIp-tºmƒ, ]m™pt]m-hp-∂Xv am‰-Øns‚ thKw
Xs∂-bm-Wv. kwkvImcw F∂pw \ne-
RSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂nt√ \nan-j-ß-fn¬ Ipf˛- \n¬°pw. Imew F√m-Øn-t\bpw am‰p-
º-Sn-Iƒ ]Xn-bp-tºm-fo-bWvU ISm-lß
- ƒ? ∂p.
Ime-am-W-hn-{iaw ]mbq-sa-∂izw ˛
kvt\l P
- zm-em-bs
- W
∂
- n¬°mWpw ssNX\yw k\m-X\
- w.''
(F-\n-°p-a-c-W-an√ ˛ hb-em¿
hb-em¿ IrXn-Iƒ t]Pv 149)
am\-h- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bmWv Aiz-ta[w F∂ Ihn-X-bn-eqsS hb-em¿ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. B bm-{X-
bn¬ F√m XS- -ß-tfbpw ]n≥X-≈p∂XpIm-Ww. Aiz-ta[w F∂ IhnX hni-I-e\w sNbvX
D]\ymkw Xøm-dm-°p-I. (ap-I-fn¬ sImSpØ Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ß-fnse Bib-ßfpw IqSn tN¿°m-
hp-∂X
- m-Wv. (6)
13. ]®-aÆ
- n≥ a\p-jyXzw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂-Xm-sc-bmWv?
14. hb-em-dns‚ Aiz-ta[w F∂ -I-hnX GXv IhnXm kam-lm-c-Øn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-XmWv?
15. hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω-sb°p-dn-®v Poh-Ncn{X°pdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I.
(kq-N-\-Iƒ : P\\w : 1928 ˛ Be-∏p-g-bn¬ P\\w ˛ Ihn˛ Km\-c-N-bn-Xmhv ˛ \m-S-I-kn-\n-am-Km-\-
ßƒ ˛ {][m-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ acWw 1975)
79
16. Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]ńI {Ia-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xp-I.
Aiz-ta[w Xte∂v cm{Xn Ah¿ Fs∂ kz]v\w s]ms‰-°mSv
I≠n-cp-∂p-hs{X
Rm≥ I-Ym-Im- c-\mb Cu bp-KØns‚ kmaq-ly-i‡n Rm≥ icÏp-am¿ enw_msf
IY
A°¿amin ap°mepw Ipcp-Sn-bmb B apØn-Ø-≈-bmWv hb-em¿
sNdp-IY
- m-cN
- \
- b
- n¬ Fs‚ BZysØ
Kpcp-\mY
17. Fkv.s
- I.-s]m-s‰-°mSv ˛ (3)
icÏp-am¿ enw_msf ˛
hb-em¿ ˛
aq∂v Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS t]cp-I-ƒ apI-fn¬ sImSpØn-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠p-h-t√m. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-

°p-∂-h-bn¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ t]cn-t\mSv tN¿°m-hp-∂h Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I.
k¿§-i-‡n, A¿[-Pm-Xn, amXr-XzsØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-I, Ihn-X, bmKw,
⁄m\-]o-Tw, Bfl-IY
- , k©m-ck
- m-ln-Xyw, adm-Øn. (6)
80
bqWn‰v ˛ V
IeIƒ Imhyßƒ
1. D-cp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-h¿
(I-Y) ˛ kp`mjv N{μ≥
2. Nn{X-I-ebpw Imhy-I-ebpw
(te-J-\w) ˛ Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ
3. ssa°-em-RvP-tem, am∏v
(IhnX) ˛ H.-F≥.-hn.-Ip-dp∏v
bqWn‰v BapJw
Ie-Ifpw kmln-Xyhpw Pohn-Xs - Ø-bmWv AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. Nn{Xw, Imhyw, in¬∏w,
kwKo-Xw, \mSyw XpS-ßnb kpIp-am-c-I-e-I-sf√mw Pohn-XsØ IqSp-X¬ kpμ-chpw BI¿j-I-
hp-am-°p-∂h - b
- m-W.v Hmtcm-cp-Øc
- psS A`n-cp-Nn-°\
- p-kc - n®v CXn-t\m-tcm-∂n-t\mSv X¬]cyw tXm∂m-
hp-∂X - m-Wv. kmln-Xy-tØm-sSm∏w Iebpw a\p-jys\ ]cn-h¿Ø-\h - n-t[-b\ - m-°p-∂p. temI-{]-kn-
≤-amb kmlnXy IrXn-Ifpw Nn{X-ßfpw a‰v Ie-If - p-sa√mw Imem-Xo-Xa - m-Wv. AXv Ft∏mgpw a\p-
jy-t\mSv kwh-Zn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.
{]kn≤amb Nne N- n-{X-ßsf ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-Sp-Øp∂-XmWv {]th-iI {]h¿Ø-\w. Umhn-©n-
bpsS samWm-en-k, hn≥k‚ v hm≥tKm-Kns‚ \£-{X-cm{Xn sI.-kn.-F-kv. ]Wn-°-cpsS \mb,
cmPm-c-hn-h¿Ω-bpsS A—≥ hcp-∂p F∂o Nn{X-ß-fmWv ChnsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Nn{X-I-
e-tbmSv Ipń-Iƒ°v Xm¬]cyw P\n-∏n-°p-I, Ahsb IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°pI F∂nhbmWv
CXn-eqsS e£yam°p∂Xv.v
Nn{Xhpw Nn{X-Im-c\pw
samWm-enk (Um-hn-©n) \£-{X-cm{Xn (hn≥k‚ v hm≥tKm-Kv)
• Umhn-©n-bpsS G‰hpw {]kn≤ Nn{Xw • U®v Nn{X-Im-c≥
• Nn{X-Im-c≥ F∂-Xn-\p-]p-dsa Ihn, KWn- • kqcy-Im-¥n-∏q-°ƒ, ]mZ-c£

- I- ƒ, tNmf-
X-im-kv{X-⁄≥, Kth-j-I≥, F©n-\o- h-b¬, a™-ho-Sv, Dcp-f°
- n-gßv Xn∂p∂
b¿. h¿, ]®-[m\yw XpS-ßnbh {]i-kX v N
- n-{X-
ßƒ.
• Bdp-h¿jw sIm≠v Nn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm-

°n. • Nn{X-ßfn¬ `mhhpw hnIm-chpw {]I-S-
am-W.v
81
• emÃv k∏¿, sh¿Pn≥ Hm^v ZntdmIv k v • ImTn-\y-ap≈ \nd-ßƒ, khn-ti-j-ambn
F∂nh {]i-kvXN
- n-{X-ßƒ. {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
• ]e-Xh
- W samWm-enk Ifhp t]msb-¶nepw • At±lw Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ sk‚ v sdan F∂
Ct∏mƒ {^m≥knse eq{hv ayqkn-b-Øn¬ ÿesØ {]I-Xn-Zr-iy-amWv Ãmdn ss\‰v (\-
kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. £-{X-cm-{Xn)
• G‰hpw {]i-kvXhpw hnhm-Z-hp-amb Iem-
krjvSn tamWm-enk Xs∂
tUmKv (sI.-kn.-F-kv. ]Wn-°¿ A—≥ hcp∂p (cm-Pm-ch

- n-h¿Ω)
• B[p-\nI C¥y≥ Nn{X-Im-c∑
- m-cn¬ {]kn-≤≥ • A—≥ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv AΩ-bpsS H°-Øn-
• Zmcn-{Z-yØns‚ {]Xo-Ia
- mWv hni∂p he™ cn-°p∂ Ipń {i≤n-°p-∂p. AΩ Ipńsb
\mb. {i≤n-°p-∂p. Hcp \mb-bp-ap≠v Nn{X-Øn¬.
• im¥n-Zm-bI
- ≥, Bcmaw, Nph-∂]
- ´- n, • `mc-Xob Nn{X-Ie
- bv°v temI-Øn¬ kap-∂-
\mń≥]pdw F∂nh {]kn≤ Nn{X-ßƒ. X-ÿm\w kºm-Zn-®p-sIm-SpØ tIc-fo-b≥.
• B[p-\nI Nn{X-Ie
- b
- psS h‡m-hv.
Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-h¿ (I-Y)

kp`mjv N{μ≥
temI{]kn≤ Nn{X-Im-c≥ hn≥k‚ v hm≥tKm-Kns‚ {]kn≤ Nn{X-amWv s]m´mt‰m
Cut‰gvkv. ASn-aØw A\p-`-hn-°p∂ J\n-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS PohnX bmX-\-Ifpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw Cu
Nn{X-Øn-eqsS hm≥tKmKv temIsØ ImWn-°p-∂p. A°m-esØ bqtdm-∏ns\°pdn®pw Ahn-SpsØ
sXmgn-en-√m-bva, Zmcn{Zyw Ch-sb°pdn®pw Nn{Xw ]-d-bp-∂p.
km[mcW a\p-jys‚ ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnXw AXns‚ ]cn-ip-≤n, k¶-Sw, ac-Ww, Ccp-´v, XpS-
ßn-bh Nn{X-Øn¬\n∂v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. (Hcp Nn{X-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb ]cn-anXn AXns‚ Ime-
]-cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv. Htc Hcp \nanjw am{Xta Hcp Nn{X-Øn¬ {]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ Ignbq. Ihn-t°m, IYm-Ir-
Ønt\m Ime-]m-c-X-{¥y-an-√m-ØXp sIm≠v BZym-h-km\w {]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. AØ-c-
Øn-ep≈ Hcp Nn{XsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n kp`m-jvN-{μ≥ cNn® IY-bm-Wv Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-h¿.)
]mT-kw-{K-lw
J\n-b-]-I-S-Øn¬ ImWm-Xmb aIs\ At\z-jn®v t]mb A—≥ Ing-h≥ and¬ Xs‚
hoń-te°v Xncn®v hcp-∂p. Dcp-f-°n-gßv Irjn-°m-c-\mbncp∂ Xs‚ aI≥ J\n-sØm-gn-em-fn-bmbn
t]mb-t∏mƒ Xß-fpsS IpSpw_w c£-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Hcp ]t£ B hr≤≥ hnNm-cn-®n-cn-°mw. aIs‚
`mcy Pqen-bm-\, GI-a-Iƒ A∂, lmKv ]´-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw acp-a-Is‚ Xntcm-[m-\-a-dn™v FØn-
t®¿∂ Pqen-bm-\-bpsS hr≤-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ C{X-bp-amWv IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ.
82
aIs\ Xnc™v \n -lb - \
- mbn Xncn-s®-Øp∂ and-ens\ hoSns‚ timNym-hÿ IqSp-X¬
Akz-ÿ-\m-°p-∂p. s]mń hngm-dmb taibv°v Np‰p-an-cp∂v Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-tºmƒ A∂ CuÃ-
dn-s\-°p-dn-®pw A—-s\-°p-dn®pw tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ and¬ IqSp-X¬ ZpxJn-X-\m-bn.
aIs‚ acWw bYm¿∞-am-sW-¶nepw AXv Fßs\ Ch-tcmSv ]d-bp-sa∂p and¬ k¶-Ss
- ∏-
Sp-∂p. Bk-¶Sw and-ens‚ apJ-Øp-\n∂pw hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.
Nmb-t°m-∏bpw sI‰p-ep-ambn Xo≥ta-ib
- n-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ Zmcn-{Z-aI
- ‰- m≥ J\n-bn-te°v t]mb
Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ Xnc-®p-h-chv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p≠v Pqen-bm\. F∂m¬ ip\y-amb ZrjvSn-bp-ambn
Ccn-°p∂ and-ens‚ I¨tIm-Wp-I-fn¬ s]mSn™ IÆp-\o¿ Pqen-bm-\-bpsS {]Xo-£-Isf C√m-Xm-
°p-∂p. apØ»n Im∏n ]I-cp-∂Xv t\m°n A∂ \n¬°p-∂p. IÆp-\o¿ tNmc-bmbn Pqen-bm-\bv°v
A\p-`h
- s
- ∏-Sp∂p. F∂pw `¿Øm-hn-cn-°p∂ Itk-cb - n-en-cp∂ Pqen-bm-\bv°v Xm≥ Ccn-∏n-SØ - n¬ Dd-
™p-t]m-Ip-∂X - mbn tXm∂p-∂p.
Nne eLp tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS Ipń-Isf IY-bn-te-s°-Øn-°m≥ {i≤n-°-Ww.
1. Zmcn{ZyØns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ Xcp∂ Nn{X-Ønse ImgvN-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-am-Wv?
2. IYm-]{- X-ßƒ Bsc-√m-amWv?
3. Nn{X-Ønse ka-bk
- q-N\
- I
- ƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?
4. IYm-]m-{X-ßf
- psS hkv{X-[m-cW coXnbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Fs¥ms°bmWv?
khn-ti-j-amb Nne {]tbm-K-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øn hymJym-\n-°s´.
s]m´mt‰m Cut‰gvkv (Nn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®v)

1885¬ hc®v Xo¿Øp ˛ A©v IYm-]m-{X-ßsf a\-
n¬ I≠p. A©v h¿j- t Ømfw IYm- ] m- { X-
ßsf°pdn®v ]Tn-®p. Hmbn¬ kvsI®n¬ bYm¿∞
PohnXw ]I¿Øm≥ {ian®v Ah-km-\sØ bYm¿∞
Nn{X-Øn-emWv 5˛masØ IYm-]-{XsØ Dƒs°m-≈n-
°p-∂-Xv. Rm≥ Dt±-in-®Xv t]mse sNøm≥ Ign-™n-
s√∂v ktlm-Zc - s
- \-gp-Xnb IØn¬ hm≥tKmKv ]d-bp-
∂p. 1885 G{]n¬ 13\v bYm¿∞ Nn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.
""Dcp-f-°n-gßv ]mSØv ]Wn-sb-SpØ ssIsIm-≠p-
Xs∂ sπbv‰n¬ \n∂pw Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p∂ Bfp-
Isf asÆÆ hnf-°ns‚ shfn-®Ø - n¬ hc-°W
- s- a∂p
Rm≥ A{K-ln-®n-cp∂p'' hm≥tKmKv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™p.
XSn® Np≠pw hoXn-bp≈ ]pcn-Ihpw D¥nb Ihn-
sf√pw ]c∂ s\‰n-bp-ap≈ GtXm hnZq-c-{Km-a-Ønse
I¿j-I¿ bqtdm-∏nse P\-ßf - neqsS Zmcn{Zyhpw sXmgn-
en-√m-bvabpw hnfn®p ]d-bp-∂p.
83
I Nne {]tbm-K-ß-fnXm
"Htc Hcp shfpØ ]qsh® GIm-¥-amb ih-Ip-So-c-am°n hoSns\ am‰n-°-f-™p'
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• Ac≠ FÆ hnf-°ns‚ shfn®w am{X-amWv hoń-ep-≈-Xv.
• Zqsc \n∂v ImWp-tºmƒ IdpØ ih-t]-SI
- Ø
- n¬ shfpØ ]qsh-®X
- p-t]mse AXv tXm∂n-®p.
• bYm¿∞-Øn¬ acWw \S∂ Hcp hoń¬ A¬]-am{Xw shfn®w shfpØ ]qt]mse {]Imiw
s]mgn-®p.
• and¬ D≈n¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ ac-W-hm¿Ø B hoSns\ ih-Ip-So-c-am°n am‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
2. Cu¿® an√p-Isft∏mse i_vZn® Ccp-ńse Nohn-Sp-If

- psS kzcw s]mSp-∂s\ apdn-™p.....
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• Cu¿®-an-√p-If
- p-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Nohn-Sp-If
- psS i_vZw. CXv a\- n\v Akz-ÿX D≠m-°p-∂p.
• Dcp-f-°n-gßv ]mSsØ H‰-s∏´ hoSv Hcp acWhoSmbn ]cnWan°p∂p.
• cwKt_m[an√mØ tImamfnsbt∏mse NohoSpIƒ Ft∏mgpw i_vZn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p.
• hmXn-e-S-®-t∏mƒ s]mSp-∂s\ Ah-bpsS i_vZw \ne-®p.
3. aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ NX-™v, apJw s]mń hnIr-X-am-bn, H∂n-s\bpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmØ hn[-Øn¬

apSnbpw sXmenbpw Dcn™p ]dn-™v.............
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• J\n-bn-e-I-s∏´ aIs‚ cq]hpw aÆn¬ \n∂pw NX™v sXmen-s]mń thcp \jvS-s∏´ -D-cp-f-°n-
gßpw and-en\v Hcp-t]mse tXm∂p-∂p.
• sπbv‰nse Dcp-f-°n-gßv ac-W-Øns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.
4. ""CSw-hew De™v hoSv ASp-Øp-h∂

- p..................''
• hr≤-\mb and-en\v aI≥ \jvS-s∏-´-Xns‚ k¶-Sw.
• a\ v Dd-∏n®v \n¿Øm≥ Ign-bmØ Ahÿ
• {]mbm-[nIyw
• Zmcn{Zyw
IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ ]mT`m-KØ
- p-\n∂pw Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xs
- ´....
II Cu IY-bn¬ Zmcn-{Zyhpw {][m\ hnj-b-am-Wv. Xmsg IpSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-Iƒ {i≤n-°q.
84
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• hoSn\p t\sc-bp≈ sNfn-bnS -hgn.
• BWn ]dn-™p-\new s]mØm-dmb tai.
• Iqd-aWw Ie¿∂ Ip∏mbw.
• asÆÆ hnf°v.
• \t∂ Xmgv∂ ta¬°q-cb
- p-≈, h¿j-ßf
- psS amdm-ebpw Agp°pw ZpxJ-hp-aS- n™v æm\-am-
b-Np-ac
- p-Iƒ.
• `mcw Ak-l\
- obambt∏mƒ i_vZn-°p∂ Itkc.
• hn≈-ep-Iƒ hoW Ihn-Sn-°-∏p-Iƒ.
• A©p-t]¿°n-cn-°m≥ \mev Itk-c-Iƒ am{Xw.
• tπ‰n¬ BsI Ign°m≥ Dcpf°ngßv am{Xw.
ta¬]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂ kqN-I-sf√mw Zcn-{Z-amb hoSns‚ Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Zcn-{Z-amb

hoSns‚ Nn{Xw \ap°v In´p-∂p. ta¬ kqN-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp D]\ymkw Xøm-dm-°mw.
III ""Hcp IYbv°v BZyw apX¬ Ah-km\w hsc Ime-{I-aØ
- ntem adnt®m {]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ Ignbpw''
Hcp Nn{XØn\vv CXn\p Ign-bp-∂n-√. Htc Hcp \nan-jsØ {]Im-in-∏n-°mt\ AXn\p Ign-bp-
Ibp≈p''.
Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-h¿ F∂ IY-sbbpw Nn{X-I-e-sbbpw ASn-ÿ-m\-am°n ta¬ sImSp-Øn-
cn-°p∂ {]ÿm-h\ N¿® sNøp-I.
N¿®mkqN-\I
- ƒ
Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂h¿ F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v At∏mƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv am{Xta
hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈p. ap≥]pw ]n≥]pw F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂v \ap-°-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-
∂n-√. kq£va \nco-£W - Ø
- n-eqsS IYm-]m-{X-sØbpw Ime-L´-sØbpw ]›m-Øe
- s
- Øbpw hmbn-
s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw. IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°v F¥v kw`-hn®p? Ah-cpsS k¶S-Øn\v Imc-W-sa¥v?
Zmcn-{ZyØn\v Imc-W-sa¥v? CsXms° \ap°v Duln-°m≥ am{Xta Ign-bq.
• Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂h¿ F∂ IY-bn¬ and-ens‚ hchpw Pqen-bm-\-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS
B[nbpw aI-fpsS k-t¥m-jhpw \ap°v hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
• `qXhpw `mhnbpw h¿Ø-am-\hpw sI´p-]n-W™
- p-In-S°
- p∂ IY-bn¬ Zmcn-{Zyhpw sXmgn-en-√m-ba
v bpw
]ń-Wnbpw \ap°v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.
• Nn{X-Ie Hcp `mj-bnepw IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ AXv km¿h-P-\o\-am-Wv.
IV kμ¿`ßƒ XmcXayw sNøpI.
• At∏mƒ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂v Xp≈n-Xp-≈n-bmbn tNmc-bn-‰p∂ i_vZhpw Ahƒ tI-´p.
• ""B \nanjw Nph-cnse LSn-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂v Xp≈n- Xp-≈n-bmbn kabw Xmtg-°n-‰p∂
i_vZw hoń¬ \nd-™p.
V hm≥tKm-Kns‚ {]i-kvXa
- mb Nn{X-ßƒ GsX-√m-am-Wv. Is≠-Øp-I. Ah-sb-°p-dn®v Ipdn∏v Xøm-
dm-°p-I.
85
Nn{X-I-ebpw Imhy-I-ebpw
Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ (te-J\
- w)
GXv Ie-bv°mWv ta∑-sb-∂p-≈Xv Hcp Xocm-hm-Za - m-Wv. kmln-Xy-Øn-\mWv DXvI¿j-sa∂v kmln-
Xy-Im-c≥ ]d-bpw. Nn{X-Ie- b
- v°mWv ta∑-Iq-Sp-Xs - e∂v Nn{X-Im-c\pw ]d-bpw. AXp-sIm≠v klr-
Z-b-cmb Bfp-Iƒ Ch-bpsS Hmtcm-∂n-t‚bpw ta∑-Isf°pdn®pw ]cn-an-Xn-Isf°pdn®pw N¿®
sNøp-∂p AØcw N¿®-Iƒ Iem-˛k - m-ln-Xy-]T
- \- ß- sf IqSp-X¬ hnim-ea - m-°m≥ klm-bn-®n-´p-
≠v. ae-bm-f-Ønse kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-I¿ ]ecpw kpIp-am-c-I-e-Isf kmln-Xy-hpambn _‘n-
∏n®v \ncq-]Ww sNbvX-h-cm-Wv. Fw.-]n.-t]m-fns‚ Hcp teJ-\-amWv Nn{X-I-ebpw Imhy-I-e-bpw.
temI-{]-ik- X
v c
- mb Iem-{]-Xn-Ì
- f
- p-sSbpw ]WvUn-X∑ - mcp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-bß
- ƒ hni-Ie - \w sNøp-
∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xt‚-Xmb \nco-£W - ß - fpw At±lw Cu teJ-\Ø - n¬ Ah-Xc - n- ∏n-°p-∂p≠v.
Nn{X-Ie Imhy-Ie
˛ Nn{X-I-ebv°v Hcp `mj-bn-√m-ØXn-\m¬ ˛ Imhy-Ie Bkz-Zn-°W
- s
- a-¶n¬ AXn-s\mcp
XmXv]cy-ap-≈-h¿°v Nn{X-ßƒ Bkz-Zn- `mj-th-Ww.
°m≥ Ign-bpw. ˛ kq£vamw-iß
- ƒ Ahy-‡a
- m-Wv.
˛ Nn{X-Ie
- b
- v°p-≈Xp t]mse km¿h-{Xn-IX ˛ h¿W-\I - ƒ ê-{]-Za
- mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥
Hcp `mj-bv°p-an-√. Ignbpw
˛ Nn{X-Ie Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ kμ¿`-ßƒ ˛ Ne-\m-fla
- mWv Imhy-Ie
Imem-Xo-Xa
- mbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
˛ Zriy-tem-It- Øbpw AZr-iy-tem-It- Øbpw
˛ Nn{X-Ie Ne\-cl
- n-Xa
- m-Wv. Bhn-jv°mcn°m≥ Ignbpw.
˛ kq£vamw-iß
- ƒ hy‡-am-Wv. ˛ Ime-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-Øn\p ]ncn-an-Xn-bn-√.
˛ Hcp N´°q-ń¬ HXp-ßp-∂p. ˛ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°v Ime-]c
- n-Wm-aß
- ƒ°-\p-
˛ Ime-Nn-{Xo-Ic
- W
- Ø
- n-\p-]c
- n-an-Xn-bp-≠v. k-cn®v hr≤n-£-b-ßƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂p.
˛ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ Ime-K-Xn°v AXo-X-ambn
\ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.
eLp-tNm-Zy-ßƒ
1. kmln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v sj√n-bpsS A`n-{]m-bß
- ¬ Fs¥-√m-amWv?
- ˛ a\pjy-h¿§Øns‚ \nb-aI
- ¿Ømhpw kwkvIm-cØ
- n-s‚ apt∂m-Snbp-amWv Ihn
˛ kwkv°mc{kjvSm-hmWv Ihn.
2. ""Nn{X-I-esb A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂-h¿ {]]-©sØ°pdn-®p≈ auen-Ihpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb Hcp
BZ¿i-sØ-bmWv A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂Xv. CXv BcpsS hm°p-If- mWv?
(enbm-Wm¿tUm Umhn-©n)
3. Xmsg X∂n- c n- ° p∂hsc kmln- X y- I m- c ≥, Nn{X- I m- c ≥ F∂n- ß s\ ]ńIs∏- S p- Ø p- I .
sj√n, Umhn-©n, ssa°-em-RvP-tem, In‰vkv, dmt^¬, hm≥tKm-Kv, Zmt¥, tlma¿, Acn-tÃm-
ń¬, Ip-am-c\
- m-i≥, h≈-tØmƒ.
86
4. Nn{X-Ie
- b
- nepw Imhy-Ie
- b
- nepw Imew {]I-Sa
- m-Ip-∂s
- X-ßs
- \-sb∂v ka¿∞n-°m≥ Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ DZm-lc- W
- t- aXv?
˛-- In‰n-ks‚ Imap-Io-Im-ap-I∑
- m¿
˛ samWm-enk
˛ h≈-tØm-fns‚ Xpen-Im-an-{Xw.
˛ Ch hni-Z-am°n Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw.
II DS≥ alm-tZ-hn-bn-SØ
- p-ssI-bm˛
egn™ hm¿]q-¶p-gs
- em-s∂m-Xp°n
Pzen® I¨sIm-s≠mcp t\m°p-t\m°n
]m¿iz-ÿ\
- mIpw ]Xn-tbm-Sp-c®
- p''
(h-≈t- Ømƒ)
Cu hcn-Iƒ IqsS ]cn-K-Wn®v kmln-Xy-I-e-bpsS ta∑-Iƒ hni-Z-am-°p∂ D]-\ym-kw Xøm-dm-
°pI.
˛ kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_‘ - X ]pe¿Øp∂ kpIp-ca- m-cI
- e
- I
- f
- n¬ H∂mWv kmlnXyw. Ime-L´- Ø
- ns‚
Bh-iy-ßƒ Adn™v DƒØp-Sn-∏p-Iƒ ]I¿Øn, `qXsØ hna¿i\mflI-ambn I≠v, `mhnsb
\n¿h-Nn-°p-Ib
- m-Wv kmlnXyw sNøp∂Xv.
˛ bm{¥n-Ihpw hymh-km-bn-Ihpw kmt¶-Xn-Ihpamb ]cn-h¿Ø-\ß - fpsS ê-ambn Pohn-XØ
- ns‚
Xmf-{I-aß
- ƒ amdp-Ibpw im¥-amb PohnXw Hcp kz]v\a
- mbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Cu ImeØv kmln-Xy-Øn\v Hgnhm°m≥ IgnbmØ ÿm\-ap-≠v. kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤X
]pe¿Øp∂ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Isf√mw Xs∂ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn Hń \n¬°p-∂p. AXv a\-
ns\ hna-eo-I-cn-°p-∂p.
at\m-l-c-amb hmMvab Nn{X-Øn-eqsS h≈-tØmƒ Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmb Hcp Nn{Xw \ap-°p-
ap∂n¬ hc-®n-Sp-∂p. Nn¥-sb, am\-kn-tIm-√m-k-sØ DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv kmln-Xy-Øns‚
[¿Ωw. kaq-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ime-L-´sØ Ncn{X-ambn kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv
kmln-Xy-am-Wv.
III am\p-jn-Ihpw Aam-\p-jn-Ih
- p-amb IYm-]m-{X-ß¬ CS-Ie
- ¿∂p≈ Hcp kw`hw Ihn-Xbv°v hnj-
b-am-Im-sa-¶nepw Hcp Nn{X-Im-c\v AXp-kzo-I-cn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. DZm-l-c-W k-lnXw hni-Z-
am-°p-I.
˛- cma-cm-h-W-bq≤ h¿Æ\
˛ At\Iw t]¿°v Cf-°p-hm≥ t]mepw km[n-°mØ Hcp I√v. an\¿hm-tZhn s]m°n-sb-
SpØv Fdn-bp-∂Xpw B Gdp-sIm≠v bp≤-tZ-h\ - mb am¿kv Gtg-°¿ ÿeØv \new ]Xn®v InS-
°p-∂Xpw GXv Nn{X-Øn-emWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. I√ns‚ hep-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v tZhn-
bpsS hep∏pw Iqń-bm¬ tZhn-ò-`-’-am-Ipw. km[m-cW kv{Xobmbn tZhnsb Nn{Xo-I-cn-®m¬
tZho-cq-]hpw I√ns‚ hep-∏hpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Øa - n-√m-Xhpw.
87
ssa°m-e-RvPm-tem, am∏v
(H.-F≥.-hn.-Ip-dp-∏v)
Ipcn-in¬ Xd-bv°s - ∏-´Ø
- n-\p-tijw Xmtg-s°-SpØ {InkvXp-hns‚ arX-tZ-lØ - n\cnsI hne-]n-
°p∂ I\ym-ad- n-bsØ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X- mWv ]nbm-tØ. C‰m-en-b≥ `mj-bn¬ CXns‚ A¿∞w
A\p-Xm-]w, IcpW Fs∂m-s°-bm-Wv. Cu temtImØc krjvSn hfsc sNdp-{]m-b-Øn-emWv
ssa°-em-RvPtem krjvSn-°p-∂X - v. F∂m¬ 1972 sabv 21\v ab°p acp-∂n-\S- n-ab- mb Hcp bphmhv
Cu inev]-Øn¬ Np‰n-I- sIm-≠-Sn®v tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ hcp-Øn. B ]{X-hm¿Ø-bmWv Cu Ihn-X-
bv°m-[m-cw. hm¿Ø Ihnsb ZpxJn-X-\m-°p-∂p. kwKo-Xm-fl-IXbpw A¿∞-`w-Knbpw ktΩ-fn-
°p∂ Cu IhnX hfsc at\m-l-c-am-Wv. in¬∏n-bpsS Np‰nI I√n\p Poh≥ \¬In-b-t∏mƒ
]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ Np‰nI B k¿Km-fl-I-Xsb X®p-X-I¿°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. in¬]n-bpsS
hnb¿∏v Xp≈n-Iƒ {`m¥-amb X®p-S-°-en¬ Aen-™n-√m-Xm-I-cpXv F∂v Ihn B{K-ln-°p-∂p.
ssa°-em-RvP-tem-tbmSv am∏v ]d-bm≥ am{Xta \ap°v Ign-bq.
C∂se Poh-\n-√mØ shdpw I√m-bn-cp-∂X
- n¬ \n∂v \o Icp-Wb- psS `mh-Km-\sØ sXm´p-W¿Øp-
tºmƒ Rm\pw \nt∂m-sSm-Øp-W¿∂p. \nt∂m-sSmØv Ddßn A\-iz-c-\m-bn. \ns‚ ]nb-Øsb
Fs‚ D≈n-se-SpØv AXn-`-{Z-ambn Rm≥ Ccp-Øn. Rm≥ aS-ßm-\mbn Xncn-™-t∏mƒ Np‰n-I-
sIm≠v ap´p∂ i_vZw tI´p. adnbØns‚ ssIIfpw I¨t]m-f-I-fp-w shfp-Ø-s]m-Sn-I-fm-bn.
F\n°v IÆn-√. Rm≥ C√m-Xm-bn. inev]sØ X®p-S® - h
- \
- n¬ _nw_-`R- vPI ]cn-thjw Nm¿Øm-
\mbn Iymad {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p. {]nb ssa°-em-RvPtem Ch¿°v am∏v \¬Ip-I.
Ch¿ sNøp-∂-sX-s¥∂v Ah¿ Xs∂ Adn-bp-∂n-√.
A[ym-]n-It- bmSv
Iebv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw t\sc-bp≈ IS-∂p-I-b‰w temI-Øns‚ F√m
tImWnepw F√m ImeØpw \S-°p-∂X
- m-Wv. anI® krjvSn-Iƒ C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ {ia-ßƒ F√m-
Im-eØpw \S-°m-dp-≠v.
˛ {]kn≤ Nn{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Nn{X-ßƒ tamjWw t]mh-pI.
˛ A^vKm-\n-ÿm\nse Ncn{X-kvam-c-I-ßƒ Xmen-_m≥ òI-c¿ \in-∏n-®-Xv.
˛ kz¿Æw, ]Ww F∂n-h-bv°p-th≠n ]nc-an-Up-Iƒ, aΩn-Iƒ \in-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv.
˛ B{^n-°≥ kwKo-Xhpw D]-Ic
- W
- ß
- fpw temIØv hn¬∏\®c-°m-hp∂-Xv.
˛ sIm´m-cß
- ƒ, t£{X-ßƒ, Kplm-Nn-{X-ßƒ Fgp-tØm-eI
- ƒ F√mw \jvSs
- ∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂Xv.
kwkvImc iq\y-amb CØcw {]hrØn kwkv°m-csØ C√m-Xm-°p-sa∂ t_m[w Ipń-bn¬

D≠m-°m≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂ Xmc-Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww ]mT-`m-K-ßƒ Ipń-bnseØnt°-≠-Xv.
eLp tNmZy-ßƒ
1. ]nbmØ F∂ t]cv \¬In-bXv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw
• hm°n‚ A¿∞w Zb, A\p-Xm]w
• AΩbv°v aI-t\m-Sp≈ Zbm-hmbv]v
88
2. ssa°-em-RvPt- em-tbmSv \μn ]d-™Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.
• C{Xbpw {]kn-≤-amb inev]w Xo¿Ø-Xn\v
•
•
3. C∂-esØ ine C∂ns‚ `mh-Km-\a
- m-Ip-∂s
- X-ßs\?
•
•
•
4. ""IÆn-s√-\n-°v, ssIbn-√, Rm\n-√m-Xmbv'' Cßs\ Ihn ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?
• inev] `RvPI
- s‚ ap∂n¬ H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-bmsX \n m-lm-\mbn t]mIp∂
Ihnsb \ap-°n-hnsS ImWmw.
5. inev] `RvPI
- ≥ Np‰n-Is
- b-Sp-ØXv F¥n\p th≠n-am-{X-amWv?
• ]pXn-bXv krjvSn-°m-\√
- , D≈-Xns\ C√m-Xm-°m-\m-Wv.
II ]nbmsØ F∂ inev]sØ Bkv]Z- a
- m°n cNn® ssa°-em-RvPtem am∏v F∂ Ihn-Xbv°v Hcm-
kzm-Z\w Xøm-dm-°p-I.
• Ihn-Xb
- psS {]tabw
• Bhn-jvImc `wKn
• Db¿Øp∂ am\-hn-IX
• khn-ti-j-amb {]tbm-K-ßƒ
Ch-sb√mw ]cn-KW
- n°pI.
Xmsg X∂n-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.
• inev]n inesb inev]-am-°p-∂Xv t]mse A£-c-ßsf k¿K-kr-jv-Sn-I-fm-°p-IbmWv Ihn-
sN-øp-∂X
- v.
• ssa°-em-RvP-tem, am∏v F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS {]tabw ]nbmsØ F∂ inev]am-Wv.
• inev]-`wKnbpw AXv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-gp≈ hnImc hnNm-c-ß-fp-ambn Ihn-Xbv°v {]ta-b-]-c-
ambn c≠v `mK-ß-fp≠v inev]-\n¿am-W-hpw inev] `RvP-\hpw.
• Imcp-Wy-hX
- n-bmb amXm-hns\ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
• temI-\-∑-bv°mbn _en-bmbn Xo¿∂ aIs\ s\t©m-Sp-tN¿°p∂ amXrXzw am\-hn-I-X-bpsS
AS-bm-fa
- m-Wv.
• ]p{Xs‚ icocw aSn-bn-te‰n Ccn-°p∂ AΩ DW¿Ønb `mh-\-bn¬ \n∂pw Poh≥ Xpf-ºp∂
inev]sØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Ign-™p.
• inev]sØ Bhn-jvIc
- n-°epw \in-∏n-°epw i‡-ambn Ihn-Xb
- n¬ Bhn-jvIc
- n-°m≥ Ign-™p.
89
Nne-{]-tbm-Kß
- ƒ {i≤n-°p-I.
• kqcy-in-e-bmbnØo¿∂ AΩ
• timW-tc-J-Iƒ ]S¿∂ en√n-∏q-t]m-ep≈ PVw.
• Iqºnb IÆpI-fnse {]m¿∞\
• apØv \jvS-s∏´ Nn∏n (A-Ω)
• ZpxJw L\o-`-hn® ine (AΩ)
• apØv ({InkvXp)
Ihn-X-bnse `mj
• efn-Xa
- mb `mj-bmWv Ihn-Xb
- nepffXv.
• DNn-X-ambn h¿Æn-°m≥ efn-X-`m-j-bmWv DØ-aw.
Ae-¶mc {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ
• ""shën√n]qhn¬ timW-tc-JI
- ƒ t]mse''
shfpØ en√n]qhnse Nph∂ tcJ-Iƒ t]mse {InkvXptZhs‚ shfpØ ico-c-Øn¬ tNmc-
hm¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p F∂ {]tbmKw Imhy-`wKn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. D]-am-e¶
- m-ca
- m-Wn-hn-sS.
III temI-{]-kn-≤- inev]amb ]nb-Ø-bn-eqsS ssa°-em-RvPtem temI-Øn\p \¬In-b-sX-¥mWv?
Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I.
• Icp-Wm-a-b-amb Ncn{X -aq-lq¿Øn\v temIsØ apgp-h≥ km£n-I-fm°n
• adn-bØ
- ns‚ Pohn-XØ
- nse hnIm-c{- Xo-{h-amb cwK-ßƒ temI-kv{Xo-Isf apgp-h≥ A\p-
`-hn-∏n®p
• kqcy-in-e-bmb AΩ ZpxJn-°p∂ amXr-Xz-Øns‚ km¿h-eu-InI _nw_-am-Ip-∂p.
• aIs‚ _en-bn-eqsS am\-hn-I-Xbv°v hniz-cq]w \¬Ip-∂p.
ssa°-em-RP
v tem
1475¬ ^vtfmd≥kn¬ P\n-®p. 23-˛masØ hb-kn¬ sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv
_k-en-°b - n¬ hniz-hn-Jym-Xa
- mb ]nbØ \n¿Ωn-®p. D∂X Nn{X-Im-
c\pw hmkvXphn-ZK
- v[\pw Ih-nbpw.
.
Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Pohn-Nc - n{Xw Fgp-Xs - ∏´ BZysØ ]m›m-
Xy-Ie - m-Im-c≥. Ie-bpsS temI-Øn-\∏- pdØv Imcy-ambn hyh-lc - n-°m-
Xn-cp-∂n-´pw Xm≥ sXc-s™-SpØ taJ-eb - psS hnhn[ imJ-If
- n¬ {]I-
Sn-∏n® {]Xn`m sshhn[yw IW-°n-se-SpØv Umhn-©n-s°m∏w \thm-
∞m\ \mb-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcmfmbn]cn-K-Wn-®p h-cp-∂p.
90
IV ]nb-mØsb \ap°v Cßs\ hnti-jn-∏n°mw
• cq]-c-ln-X-amb Hcp inem-J-WvUsØ at\mlcamb in¬]am°n am‰n.
• inev]h
- n-Zy-bpsS F√m k[y-XI
- f
- p-sSbpw i‡n-bp-sSbpw {]I-S\w
V ""{`m¥-amb Bth-iØ - m¬ F¥n-s\bpw X®p-XI- ¿°p∂ bph-Xb

- psS {]Xo-Ia
- mWv Ihn-Xb
- nse
inev]`- R
- vPI
- ≥'' {]Xn-IcW°pdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.
kqN-\I
- ƒ
• ssa°-em-RvPt- em-bpsS inev]w
• Icp-Wm¿{Z-bmb AΩ, am\-hn-IX
- b
- psS {]Xo-Ia
- mWv aI≥
• Iebpw kmln-Xyhpw Poh-Øns‚ hgn-Im-ń-If
- m-sW∂ Xncn-®d- n- h
- n-√mØ ]pXp-Xe
- a
- p-d.
• aZy-Øn-s‚bpw ab-°p-ac
- p-∂n-s‚bpw ASn-If
- mbn X∂n-te-s°m-Xp-ßp∂ bph-Xzw.
• Ncn-{Xhpw Ncn-{X-ti-jn-∏p-Ifpw \mtf-°p-th-≠n-ImØp kq£-°s
- ∏-tS-≠X
- m-sW∂ Xncn-®d- n-hv.
• kvt\lhqw Icp-Wbpw F√m-h-cnepw D≠m-h-W-sa∂v Cu Ihn-Xbpw inev]hpw \sΩ Hm¿an-∏n-
°p-∂p.
• krjvSn-°m-\-√msX X®p-S-°m≥ am{Xw Np‰nI FSp-°p-∂-h¿.
kqNnX IY
]utcm-ln-Xyhpw {]ma-mWn-Xzhpw sImSn-IpØn hmgp∂ Ime-Øm-Wv tbip-hns‚ P\-\w. ]mhs∏´-
hs‚ CS-bn-te-°n-d-ßnb At±lw Npc-ßnb Imew sIm≠v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS IÆnse Ic-
Sm-bn. ]ptcm-ln-Xc
- psS shdp-∏n\pw hntZz-jØ
- n\pw ]m{X-ambn. cmPy-t{Zmlw, ssZhZqjWw F∂nh
Btcm-]n®v ]nSn-IqSn Kh¿W¿ ]oem-tØm-kn\p ap∂n¬ lmP-cm-°n. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øn\v
tbip-hn¬ Ip‰-sam∂pw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n-√. F∂m¬ `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-Ifpw blqZ-{]-am-Wn-
amcpw X\n-s°-Xn-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-dn™v At±lw tbip-hns\ NΩ-ń-sIm-≠Sn-®v, Ipcn-in¬ Xd-
°m≥ Ab®p. Ipcn-in¬ acn® tbip-hns\ aSn-bn¬ InSØn temItØmSv {]m¿∞n-°p-Ib - mWv
adn-bw.
91
XpS¿{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ
BsI kvtIm¿ ˛ 40
kabw ˛ 1 1/2 aWn-°q¿
1. ]ń-Is
- ∏-Sp-ØpI
Xmsg X∂n-cn-°p-∂h I¿Øm-hv, krjvSn, hn`mKw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-s®-gp-Xp-I. (4)
Dcp-f°
- n-gßv Xn∂p-∂h
- ¿, sI.-kn.-Fk
- .v ]
- W
- n-°¿, cmPm-ch
- n-h¿Ω, aKvZe
- \
- a
- d- n-bw, ssa°-em-RP
v tem
kp`m-jvN-{μ≥, ]nb-Ø, tUmKv, A—≥ hcp∂p, h≈-tØmƒ.
2. DØ-cs
- a-gp-XpI (1)
hnf-°ns‚ {]ImisØ F¥m-bn-´mWv Ihn "Dcp-f°
- n-gßv Xn∂p-∂h
- ¿' F∂ ]mT-Øn¬ I¬∏n-
®n-cn-°p-∂X
- v?
3. ""{]IrXn ]u{Xn-bmWv Nn{X-Ie
- s
- b∂v'' hnti-jn-∏n-®X
- m-cmWv?
(Umhn-©n, ssa°-em-RvPt- em, tlma¿, dmt^¬) (2)
4. ]mgvNn∏n ˛ apØv \jvS-s∏´ Nn∏n˛
ssa°-em-RvP-tem, am∏v F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ H.-F≥.-hn.-hn-ti-jn-°p∂ apØpw Nn∏nbpw Bsc-
√mamWv?
Xmsg X∂n-cn-°p∂ tNmZy-ßƒ°v Ac-∏p-dØ
- n¬ DØ-cs
- a-gp-XpI Hmtcm-∂n\pw 4 kvtIm¿ hoXw.
5. ""XWp-Øm-dnb Dcp-f-°n-gn-ßn¬ ap≈p-ap-ń®v Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ A—≥ iq\y-amb ZrjvSn-bp-
ambn Ccn-°p-∂Xv I≠v Pqen-bm\ apJw Xncn®v Atßm´v t\m°n''- ˛ ]mT-`m-KsØ A[n-I-cn®v
"and¬' F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ \ncq]Ww sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I.
6. Zmcn-{Z-yØ
- ns‚ [mcmfw kqN-\I - ƒ IY-bn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v Is≠Ømw''. Dcp-f°
- n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-
h¿ F∂ IY-bnse hoSpw IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw Fß-s\-bmWv Zmcn{Zy-Øns‚ kqN-\I - f
- mbn Nn{Xo-
I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- v? DØ-cs
- a-gp-XpI.
7. ""Ime-]c
- n-an-Xnsb adn-IS- °
- p-∂X
- mWv Imhy-Ie''
cma-®-hn-idn ]\n-\o-cn¬ ap°n-tØm-gn-sb-s°m
-t≠m-a¬ ssIhf Inep-sß-sbm´p hoin-®p.
IRvP_
- m-W≥ Xs‚ ]´w sIńb cm⁄n-t]m-semcp
aRvPp-fmw-Kn-bn-cn-°p∂p aXn-tam-ln\n'' (I-cpW ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥)
Ihn-Xm-`mKw hni-I\w sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I.
8. Zb-\o-ba - mb Ah-ÿb
- n-ep-≈ AΩsb Bhn-jvIc - n-°p∂ inev]Ø
- n\v ]nbØ F∂ t]cv DNn-
X-amtWm? ssa°-em-RvPt- em, am∏v F∂ Ihn-Xsb Bkv]Z- a
- m°n ta¬ {]kvXm-h\
- bv°v DØ-
c-sa-gp-Xp-I.
9. ""DØ-aI
- e
- m-kr-jvSn-Iƒ a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-csØ F°m-ehpw DZm-Øa
- m-°p∂p''.
Dcp-f-°n-g-ßv Xn-∂p∂-h¿, ssa°-em-RvP-tem, am∏v F∂o ]mT-ßsf A[n-I-cn®v ta¬
sImSpØn´p≈ {]kvXm-h\ ]cn-tim-[n®v Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. (6)
92
10. Nn{X-I-e-bp-sSbpw Imhy-I-e-b-sSbpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah Pohn-XsØ kpμ-chpw
BI¿jn-Ih - p-am-°p-∂X
- n¬ F{X-tØmfw klm-bn-°p-∂p≠v F∂v D]-\y-kn-°p-I.
11. IYbv°v As√-¶n¬ Ihn-Xbv°v Hcm-kzm-Z-\-°p-dn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. (6)
IY
F) shfn®w AW-™p-t]m-bn-cn°mw (sk≥I-Y)
A‘s\ bm{X-bm-°p-tºmƒ kplrØv Abmƒs°mcp hnf°v sImSp-Øp. ""F\n°o hnf-°ns‚
Bh-iy-an√''. shfn-®-tam, Ccpt´m F\n°v Hcp hyXym-khpw hcp-Øp-∂n-√. AsX, F\n-°-dn-
bmw, ]t£ \nßƒ CsX-Sp-°msX t]mbm¬ hgn-t]m-°¿ \nßsf Ccp-ń¬ Xń-ho-gvØpw. icn
Abmfm hnf-°p-ambn Ccp-ń-te-°n-dßn Xnc°n-´p \S-∂p-t]m-bn. Ipsd sN∂-t∏mƒ Hcmƒ tZl-
Øp-h∂p apń. Ipcp-Ss‚ hnf°v Xmsg hoWp. Abmƒ t{Im[-tØmsS Ae-dn. ""tl, a\pjym
hnf°p ImWp-∂nt√?''
""\nß-fpsS hnf-°nse shfn®w F{Xtbm ap≥]v AW™p t]mbn-cn-°p∂p'' A]-c≥ ]d-™p.
kqN-\I- ƒ : I-Yb
- psS Bibw a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v, khn-tij {]tbm-ßƒ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v, Xe-
s°´v hymJym-\n-®n-´p-≠v, IYm-]m{X {- ]m-[m\yw Xncn-®d- n-™n-´p-≠v. kmaq-ly-{]-k‡
- n, ka-Im-en-
I-{]-k‡n Xncn-®d- n-™n-´p-≠v.
_n) IhnX
Nn{X-Im-cs‚ NnX (F. Aø-∏≥)
acn® Hcp Nn{X-Im-cs‚ NnX-bn¬

Ah≥ cNn®
F√m krjvSn-Ifpw Zln-∏n-°-s∏-´p.
aghn√ns‚ Nn{X-Øn¬ \n∂v
Fgp \nd-ß-fpsS Xobp-b¿∂p.
XobpsS Nn{Xw hc®t∏mƒ Xos∏-´-h≥
A·n-bn¬
Aÿn-Iƒ s]m´p-tºmgpw
B Xo-bn¬ \n∂v
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS tcmZ-\ß- ƒ
tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah≥ hc®
\nd™ ]pcbvt°m
K¿÷-\ß - f- psS kap-{Z-Ønt\m
XSm-IØ- nt\m
AΩsb hc® IÆp \ocnt\m
NnXsb sISp-Øphm≥ Ign-™n√.
12. apIfn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂ IhnX hniIe\w sNbvXv D]\ymkw Xømdm°pI. (6)
93
ASn-Øm\ ]mTm-hen
94
bqWn‰v ˛ I
PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂
BapJw:
thcpIƒ
Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X-Im-ew -sXms« Pohn-¡p¶ Npäp-]m-Sn-t\bpw, kl-Po-hn-I-tfbpw kvt\ln-¡m³
a\p-jy\v km[n-¨p. Iq«p IpSpw-_ hyh-ØnXn \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ Ime¯v kvt\l-¯nsâ Bgw hÀ²n-
¨p. kvt\lhpw ]c-kv]c - _
- Ô
- hpw Iq«m-bvabpw Hcp-an-¡p-t¼m-gmWv PohnXw ]SÀ¶v ]´-en-¡p-¶Xv.
¹mhn-e-¡-ªn-bnse tImc\pw Nncp-Xbpw Iªn Icp-Xn-h-bv¡p-¶-Xpw, AÑ\v Hcp t\c-sa-¦nepw
hbÀ \nd¨v tNmdp-sIm-Sp-¡p-hm³ tImc³ A[zm-\n-¡p-¶-Xp-saÃmw kvt\l-w sIm-mWv.
AÑ-\p-d§- p¶ a®nÂ At±-l¯ - nsâ hnfn¡v ImtXmÀ¯v aI-t\m-sSm¸w t]mIm-sX-bn-cn-¡p¶ A½
(Hmtcm hnfnbpw Im¯v) hn§p¶ a\-Êp-ambn A½sb Dt]-£n-¡m³ Ign-bmsX \Â¡p¶ ‘ A½-
s¯m-«n-ense ’ aI-\p-saÃmw D]m-[n-If- n-Ãm¯ kvt\l-¯n-\p-Zm-lc - W
- a
- m-Wv.
♦ ]mT-`m-K-§Ä
* ¹mhn-e-¡ªn
* Hmtcm hnfnbpw Im¯v
* A½-s¯m-«nÂ
♦ ¹mhn-e-¡ªn
XIgn inh-i¦
- c
- ¸ - psS ‘c - n - S - § g n’ F¶ t\mh-ense ]Xn-t\gmw A[ym-ba
- n-Åb - mWv ¹mhn-e-
¡-ªn, Ip«-\m-Snsâ lrZb `qan-bmb XI-gn-bnemWv IY \S-¡p¶Xv. P·n-I-fpsS ASn-a-I-fmbn
Pnhn¨ IÀjIs¯mgn-em-fn-IÄ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ thZ-\-I-fmWv ¹mhn-e-¡-ªn-bnse {]ta-bw. ]c-
kv]c
- k
- vt\-l¯
- nsâ IY-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.
XIgn inh-i-¦-c-¸nÅ
* Úm\-]o-Tt- P-Xmhv
* Fgp-¯-Ñ³ ]pc-kv¡mcw
* hÅ-t¯mÄ AhmÀUv
* tI{µ þ tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUp-IÄ
♦ {]m[m-\I
- r-Xn-IÄ
* c-n-S-§gn
* tXm-«n-bpsS aI³
* sN½o³
* IbÀ
* GWn-¸-Sn-IÄ
* tLmj-bm{X
* ASn-sbmgp-¡p-IÄ
* tXmänÃ (\m-S-Iw)
* Fsâ h¡oÂ PohnXw (HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ)
95
♦ Bi-b-§Ä
* ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw hnizm-k-hp-amWv Pohn-X-¯n-\m-[mcw
(tIm-c³-þ-Nn-cp-X, tImc³-þ-A-Ñ³,-A-Ñ³-þ-Nn-cp-X)
* kz´w hni-¸n-t\-¡mÄ hep-XmWv aäp-Å-hsc Du«m-\pÅ at\m-`m-hw.
* P³an-¯-t¯m-SpÅ FXnÀ¸v
* ]g-b-Ime kmaq-lnI hyh-ØnXn
* {]mtZ- i nI `mjm- { ]- t bm- K - § Ä Is- - ¯ Â
]mT-`m-K-§-fn-eqsS: ¹mhn-e-¡ªn ¹mhn-e-¡ªn
{]hÀ¯\w 1
Un.-hn-\-b-N-{µsâ IY hmb-\-bv¡mbn \ÂIp¶
(th-cp-IÄ) B.B.
eLp tNmZy-§Ä¡v hyàn-K-X-ambn D¯cw \ÂIp-¶p.
* thcp-Ifpw `qan-bp-am-bpÅ _Ôw
* a¡Ä¡v AÑ-t\mSpw A½-tbm-Sp-apÅ kvt\lw F§-s\-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
* `qan-X-s¶-bmWv A½ F¶p]d-bp-¶Xv F´p-sIm--m-bn-cn¡pw
* `qan-bnÂ \n¶v thcäp t]mbmÂ ac-§Ä \new ]Xn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse kvt\l-¯n\v hnÅÂ
hoWmÂ F´v kw`-hn¡pw
♦ IY-bpsS Xe-s¡-«nsâ HuNnXyw ]cn-tim-[n¨v eLp-¡p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

(PohnXw ]SÀ¯p-¶-th-cp-IÄ)
* Iq«mbva
* ]c-kv]-c-_Ôw
* kvt\lw PohnXw
* hnizmkw
* kl-hÀ¯nXzw
♦ Bi-b-{K-l-W-¯n-\p-X-Ip¶ eLp tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p-¶p.

* c-n-S-§gn F¶ t\mh-ense tI{µ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä Bscms¡
* ‘¹mhn-e-¡ªn’ F¶ `mKs¯ P·n BÀ?
* X{¼m G\p s\Ãv Iqen-aXn N{Iw ta- C§s\ tImcs\ ]d-bm³ t{]cn-¸n-¨-sX-´v.
* ssI\-Icn apgp-h³ cm{Xn-bnÂ Du¶n-\-S-¶-t¸mÄ cm{Xn-bpsS Iqcn-cp-«nÂ \S-¡p¶ Nne
h³ hym]m- c - § Ä tImc³ I- p . tImc³ I- Imgv N F´m- b n- c n- ¡ mw.
* AXv Ahsâ A¸-\m-bn-cp-¶p. ]nW§n Ah³ ssIsh-Snª AÑ³. BÄ I-mÂ Adn-
bp-I-bnÃ as®® hnf-¡nsâ shfn-¨-¯n-en-cp¶v AbmÄ Nncp-X-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-¡p-I-bm-
96
Wv. Ah-sf -tamsf F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶Xv tImc³ tI«p. AXv I®v XWp-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp ImgvN
Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
♦ ASn-h-c-bn« ]Z-¯n\v kam-\-amb ]Zw {_m¡-änÂ \ns¶-Sp-s¯-gp-XpI
(I®p \ocp--m-hp-¶, kt´m-jn-¸n-¡p-¶, thZ-\n-¸n-¡p-¶, \ncm-i-s¸-Sp-¶)
ASn-h-c-bn« ]Z-¯nsâ hyXykvX kµÀ`-§-fn-epÅ AÀ°w Ipdn-¡p-I.
• -AXv I®v XWp-¸n-¡p¶ ImgvN Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah³ Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p At§m«v
t]mb-Xv.
• t- Zi-sa§pw s N - - s I m « n hnfw-_-c-ap--mbn. Iq«p-ImÀ Ahs\ sN-sIm«n-¡pI ]Xn-hm-Wv.
]md-hp-Im-c³ Agn-hm-XnÂ Xpd¶v shÅm-bn-b-¸s\ AI¯p {]th-in-¸n-¨p. AÑ-\pw-a-I\pw
t\tcmSp t\cmbn sXÃn-S-t\cw \n¶p. ]ns¶ shÅm-bn-b-¸³ aIs\ sI«n-]n-Sn¨p I-p®n {ih-
W-¯n-\-¸p-d-¯pÅ Hcp Ømbn-bnÂ \ne-hn-fn-¨p. shÅm-bn-b-¸³ Icªp hnfn¨p ‘aIt\’
I- p ®n adp- h nfn hnfn¨p ‘A¸m’ þ ISÂXo-c¯v.
At¿m A¸m F¶p hnfn¨p sIm-v tImc³ AI¯p Ibdn “tamt\!”.

A¸\pw aI\pw ]c-kv]cw sI«n-¸nSn-¨p. B ImgvN-t\m-¡n-\n¶v NncpX B\-µn¨p
þ¹mhn-e¡
- ªn.
AÑ\pw aI\pw X½n-epÅ ZrV-amb kvt\l-_-Ô-amWv c-v cN-\-bnepw ImWp-¶-Xv.

hne-bn-cp-¯n Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
CXv Iªn IpSn-¡p-s¶-¶-_m-hsa DÅq

AsÃSo G³ IpSn-¡qhm
FSo IÅo \obXv Hfn¨v a¨n-cpt¶m
Fń-\m-bnXv þ \mgn Acn Atey-a-s¨mÅq
tXm«w tXmdpwhmg tZi-t´mdpw `mj F¶mWv Ipªp-®n-amjv A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv. c-n-

S-§-gn-bnse ¹mhne¡ªn F¶ `mKw {]mtZ-in-I-`mjm {]tbm-K-§Ä sIm-v k¼-¶-amWv.
IqS-pXÂ DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Is-¯n \nco-£-W-Ip-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
• -AsXs´mcp A£-´h - y-amb A]-cm-[a
- mWv. þ ASnhcbn« `mK¯n\v ]Icw ]ZsagpXpI.
Bt- m - S m- v ]Zw ]ncn- s ¨- g p- X pI.
* kkvt\-lwþ kvt\l-t¯m-Sp-IqSn
* kIp-Spw-_wþ IpSpw-_t- ¯m-Sp-IqSn
kmw{I-an-I-tcmKw þ kw{I-an-¡p¶ -tcmKw
kmlk-{]-hr-¯n þ kml-k-apÅ {]hr¯n
hgn-tbm-c-¡m-gvN-IÄ þ hgn-tbm-c-¯pÅ ImgvN-IÄ
CXp- t ]m- s e- b pÅ aäv ]Z- § Ä Is- - ¯ p- I .
97
þCXp-t]mse Xmsg-bpÅ ]Z-§Ä hn{K-ln-s¨-gp-XpI.
* _en-jvT-i-cocw
* A]-cm-[t- _m[w
* kvac-Wob Znhkw
♦ Ad-bv¡Â ho«nse henb No\-N-«n-bnse \nd-sb-tNmdv Bb-Im-e¯v AbmÄ¡v \mep-cp-
fbvt¡ D-m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Cu ]¯p ¹mhn-e-¡ªn tImcn-Ip-Sn¨p Ign-ª-t¸mÄ hr²³
\o- Hcp G¼¡w hn«p tImc\p Xr]vXn-bm-bn.
apg-¡c- n-bn«p sXf-¸n¨p G\m AXv IpSn-¨Xv Ahfp IpSn-¨nÃ G\p tImcn-t¡m-cn-X¶p NncpX
IrXIr-Xy-bm-bn.
`À¯m-hp-¯c - a
- mbo
`mcy-tbm-Sn-bm-sf\o
b¸p-ds- ¯-§m³ Iq«n
hÃXpw sImSp-t¯-¡p.
At§-ho-«n-te¡v þ CS-tÈcn
apI-fnÂ sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ t\mhÂ, Ihn-Xm-`m-K-§-fnÂ AÑ-t\mSv a¡Ä¡pÅ c-v Img-N-

]m-Sp-I-fmWv ImWm³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv. _Ô-§-fpsS Dujva-f-Xbv¡v Ab-hp-kw-`-hn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. icn-
bmtWm þ A`n-{]m-bI - p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
♦ * cm{Xn-bnÂ \S-¡p¶ hym]m-cs¯ ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯n-tbmtem
* Fń-\m-bnXv? \mgn Acn Ateym a¨pÅq \o IpSn
* A]-cm[ t_m[w tImcsâ lrZ-bs - ¯-t\m-hn¨p
apI-fnÂ sImSp¯ kqN-\I - fpw IYm-kµ
- À`-§fpw ]cn-KW
- n¨v tImc³ F¶ IYm-]m-{Xs¯
\ncp-]Ww sN¿p-I.
]mT-`mKw : Hmtcm-hn-fnbpw Im¯v
bp.-sI.-Ip-am-csâ {it²-b-amb Hcp IY-bmWv Hmtcm-hn-fnbpw Im¯v AÑsâ ac-W-t¯msS

Hä-s¸-«p-t]mb A½-bpsS thZ-\-Ifpw hnlz-e-X-I-fp-amWv IY-bn-ep-Å-Xv. AÑsâ Hmtcm-hn-fnbv¡v
]n¶mse HmSp¶ A½-tbbpw IY-bnÂ ImWmw. AÑ-\n-Ãm¯ ho«nÂ C\n A½ F§s\ Häbv¡v
Ignbpw F¶-XmWv aIsâ Nn´ AÑsâ acW ASn-b-ń-c-§fpw Ignªv \K-c-¯n-te¡v XncnsI
t]mIp¶ aI³ Xsâ A½sb H¸w hcm³ hnfn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. BZyw hnk-½-Xn-s¨-¦nepw aIsâ
\nÀ_-Ô¯ - n\p hg§n \K-c¯ - n-te¡v hcm-sa¶v A½ hm¡p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ t\cw ]peÀ¶n«pw
A½bv¡v Fgp-t¶Â¡m³ `mh-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. InS-¶I - n-S¸
- nÂ \ns¶-Wo-¡msX Ft´m Btem-Nn¨v
InS-¡p¶ A½-sb-bmWv aI³ ImWp-¶-Xv. ho-pw \nÀ-_-Ôn-¨-t¸mÄ Rms\-§\ym tams\ hczm
AÑ³ Ft¸mgpw Fs¶ hnfn-t¨m-n- c - n-¡p-Ibm C¶-tebpw hnfn-¨p. hnfn-¡p¼w Rm\n-hnsS CsÃ¶p
h¨mÂ F¶ adp]Sn-tbmsS IY Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p.
98
_mly-ku-µ-cy-aÃ Hcp hoSns\ hoSm¡n amäp-¶Xv ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw Icp-Xepw ]¦p-sh-
¡-ep-amWv kvt\l-k¼ - ¶
- a
- mb Hcp hoSnsâ e£-Ww. hÀ¯-am\ Ime¯v ImWp¶ Nne bmYmÀ°y-
§-fmWv Cu IY-bnÂ. hmÀ²-Iy-Im-e¯v XoÀ¯pw Hä-s¸«p t]mIp¶ hr²-Z¼ - X
- n-am-tcbpw Cu IY-
bnÂ ImWmw.
9mw ¢mÊnÂ ]Tn¨ ‘sNdp ]p©ncn’ F¶ kn\na ¢mÊnÂ ImWn-¡p-¶p. kn\n-a-bpsS {]ta-
bhpw ""Hmtcm-hn-fnbpw Im¯v'' F¶ ]mT-`m-Khpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
♦ Ct¸mÄ CsXmcp hoSÃ \o--h-cm-´-Ifpw sh¬abmÀ¶ Npa-cp-Ifpw henb P\-ep-Ifpw

hmXn-ep-I-fp-saÃmw Ds--¦nepw CsXmcp hoSm-Ip-¶n-Ã. C¯cw Hcp-Nn-´-bn-te¡v A½sb
\bn-¨Xv Fs´-Ãm-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
* AÑsâ acWw hcp-¯nb iq\yX
* \ni-_vZX
* kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb AÑsâ s]cp-amäw
* AÑsâ km¶n²yw
♦ tcmK-i-¿-bn-em-bn-cp-¶t¸mgpw AÑ³ X\n-¡p-Npäpw \S-¶n-cp¶ Imcy-§-fnÂ {i²n-¨n-cp-¶p.

Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb km[q-I-cn¨v Ipdn¸p X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
* I¶n-¸m-Ss¯ shbn-ensâ then-tbäw
* Iap-In³ tXm«-§-fn-eqsS ]d¶p t]mIp¶ hmh-ep-I-fpsS Nnd-I-Sn-sbm-¨.
* ASbv¡ ]gp-¡Â
* hc-¼n-te¡v Nmªp InS-¡p¶ IXn-cnÂ Nhn«n AXm Btcm \S¶p t]mIp¶ ImgvN.
♦ s\sâ ho«n-en-cp-¶mÂ Iqa³ aqfp¶ H¨ tIt¡m-\obv

CÃ-Ñt½ H¶pw tI¡nÃ Sohosâ HÑ-am-{Xta tI¡m³ ]äp.
\Ã shtÅm-Ã, \nem-hq-Ã. Iqasâ Ht¨w CÃ ]ns¶´m BsS DÅXv A½-tNm-Zn-¨p. Cu
kw`m-j-Ws¯ ap³ \nÀ¯n \mSy {][m-\w, \Kcw Zcn{Zw \m«n³ ]pdw \³a-I-fmÂ kar²w F¶
hcnsb hymJym-\n¨v Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
* {Kma-¯nsâ kuµcyw
* \njvI-f-¦X
* ]c-kv]c
- k
- vt\lw
* _Ô-§Ä
♦ "F\o¸w Fs¶-s¡m-v H¶pw h¿m¶v s\\¡v tXm¶n AtÃ. Bbnt¡m Bbn-t¡m. CsXms¡
D-m-¡n-¯-cm³ F\n¡v IbvRtÃm AtXmÀ¯m-a-Xn.'
I®p-Im-Wm-Xm-bn«pw \S-¡m³ ]äm-Xm-bn«pw \n§Ä hnfn-¡p-t¶-S¯pw ]td-¶S- ¯pw Rm³
F¯p¶p- t Ãm AXp- X s¶ hey- I m- c yw.
99
Ie-ln-¡p-t¼mgpw Dujva-f-amb kvt\lw AÑ\pw A½bpw X½nÂ D-m-bn-cp-¶p. ]mT-`m-
Ks¯ IqSp-XÂ DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Is-¯n \nco-£W Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
{]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw A½-tbmSpw am{X-aÃ AÑsâ kvt\lw {]I-Sa
- m-bn-cp-¶X
- v. N
- p-äp-]m-Sp-apÅ P\-
§-fp-ambpw henb Hcp kulrZw AÑ³ Im¯p kq£n-¨n-cp-¶p. ]mT-`m-K¯v CXn\v [mcfw DZm-l-
c- W - § Ä D- v Is- ¯ n Fgp- X p- I .
* IWm-c³
* AbÂ¡mc³, Nm¯p-h-¨³, A¼p, Ipdp¸v
* ss]¡-¨-h-S-¡m-c³ Ch-cp-am-bpÅ _Ôw
♦ Rs\-§\ym tamt\ hczm. AÑ³ Fs¶-F-t¸mgpw hnfn-t¨m--n-cn-¡p-I-bm... C¶tew hnfn¨p

hnfn-¡p¼w Rm\n-hnsS CsÃ¶v h¨mÂ.... IY Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶Xv C§-s\-bm-W.v ]c-k]
v c kvt\l-
¯nsâ ZrVX hÀ²n-¸n-¡p¶ IY-bmWv Hmtcm hnfnbpw Im¯v. IY-hn-i-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v
X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
♦ hoSnsâ \ni-_vZX
- b
- nÂ X\n-¨m-hp-t¼mÄ A½-bpsS a\Êv C\nbpw apt¶m«p t]mIpw Pc-_m-[n¨
kabs¯ Ipdn¨v A½ HmÀ¡pw. GIm-´-X-bpsS Xpcp-¯p-IÄ A½bv¡v Hcn-¡epw hn{im-ń-
bpsS Xpcp-¯p-If - m-Im-dn-Ã.
♦ AÑ\pw A½bpw X½n-epÅ Dujvaf - a
- mb Zm¼-Xys¯ IYm-Im-c³ Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-¶s
- X-§s\?
♦ a\-Ênsâ ¢mhp ]nSn-Ï - ®- m-Sn-bn-eqsS AÑ³ I--sXÃmw icn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ASn-h-c-bn« ]Z-¯nsâ
{]tbm- K - ` wKn Is- - ¯ pI
♦ A¨mepw ap¨mepw \S-¡pI þ ssien-bpsS AÀ°w hymJym-\n-¡pI
hn{K-ln-¡pI
Zml-Pew þ Zmlw XoÀ¡p-¶X- n-\pÅ Pew
ac-s¡m¼v þ ac-¯nsâ sIm¼v
Ipf-¡c þ Ipf-¯nsâ Ic
]tc-Xm-ß¡
- Ä þ ]tc-Xc
- psS Bßm-¡Ä
♦ Hmtcm hnfnbpw Im¯v F¶ IY-bpsS HuNnXyw Is--¯pI
♦ Hcp hnfn-¡p-th-n F¶pw ImtXmÀ¡p¶ A½, Ct¸mÄ AXn-Ãm-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn s]mSp-¶s\
hmÀ[- Iy-¯nsâ \nÊ-lm-bX - b
- n-te¡v A½ hgpXn hogp¶Xpt]mse Hmtcm-hn-fnbpw Im¯v
þ Cu IY-bnse A½ F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
D]-\ymkw X¿m-dm-¡pI.
* AÑsâ ac-W-t¯msS Hä-s¸-Sp¶p
* hmÀ[-Iy-¯nsâ \nÊ-lm-bX
* AÑsâ hnfn¡v ImtXmÀ¡p¶ A½
* AÑ-t\m-SpÅ ]cn-`hw
* AÑsâ \nÀt±-i-§Ä A\p-k-cn-¡p¶ A½
100
A½-s¯m-«nÂ
dôJv Al-½Zv
BapJw
{]mb-am-Ip-t¼mÄ AÑ-\½-amÀ Hcp _m[y-X-bmbn hcn-I-bmtWm a¡Ä¡v. B[p-\nI Ime
Pohn-X-¯nÂ \jvS-s¸-«p-sIm--n-cn-¡p¶ a\pjy _Ô-§-fpsS {]m[m\yhpw hÀ[-Iys¯ DÄs¡m-
Åm³ Ign-bm¯ ]pXp-Xe - a
- p-db
- psS at\m-`m-hhpw Ihn-Xbv¡v hnj-ba
- m-Ip-¶p.
hr²-bmb A½sb Dt]-£n-¡m-\mbn Cd§n¯ncn-¡p¶ aI-s\-bmWv A½-s¯m-«nÂ F¶ Ihn-X-
bnÂ ImWp-¶X - v.
HmÀ½n-t¡--h
*\o- c - ä p- h - ä n- h - c - ssI¨p- Å n- I Ä
* a§n-¸-g-Inb ]nªm-W-hÀWw
* Cs¸-cp-amÄ?
* s]äp-In-S¡pw sXcphp ]«n-s¡-s´m-cqäw
* Hgnhp I\-s¯m-cn-cp-fnSw
* Ip«n-tb-Im-´X - þ- I
- ®
- p-s]m-¯n-If- n-¡p¶p
* ]n-¨n-b-Xmcv þ Icn-sªm-co-ssI-Itfm
* kzbw _p²n-sI«v Icn-ń-cnbmfpI
* Aim-´-\mb Cuiz-c³
{]hÀ¯\w H¶v
HmÀs¯-Sp-¡Â
dôJv Al-½Z- nsâ Ihn-Xbpw kn\n-am-Km-\hpw HmÀs¯-Sp-¡m\pw Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-apÅ
Ah-kcw \ÂIp¶p.
Im¯n-cp¶p Im¯n-cp¶p þ F¶v \nsâ sambvXo³
ac-Ws - a-¯p¶ t\c¯v þ kv]ncnäv
Ip«n-IÄ HmÀ¡p-¶p, Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p¶p.
tXmcm-ag F¶ IhnX ¢mÊnÂ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶p
D½p-¡p-epkp acn-¨¶v cm{Xn-bnÂ
D½-X\ - n¨p ]pd-¯p\n¶p
.........................................
......................................
D½p¡pepkp acn-¨¶p cm{Xn-sXmþ
«ot¶m-fa - m-ag tXmÀ¶p-anÃ
(NmÀ«nÂ {]ZÀin-¸n-¡p-¶p)
Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw eLp tNmZy-§-fn-eqsS Is--¯p¶p
101
* A½-X-\n¨v ]pd¯p \nÂ¡m³ ImcWw
* ag-h-¶-t¸mÄ A½ F´mWv sNbvXXv
* A½bv¡v aI-fpsS acWw DÄs¡m-Åm³ Ign-ªnÃ (Im-c-Ww)
* A½-bpsS Xocm-th-Z-\-bmWv tXmcm-a-g-bmbn amdn-bXv
A½-s¯m-«nÂ F¶ IhnX Bkzm-Zy-I-c-ambn sNmÃp¶p
au\-hm-b\
]mT-`mKw DÄs¡mÅp-¶X - n\v Bh-iy-amb tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p¶p.
* A½-bpsS {]mbw, cq]w Ch Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ihn D]-tbm-Kn¨ ]Zw FXv?
* \ocäp hän hc- ssI¨p- Å n- I Ä.
* a§n-¸-g-Inb ]nªm-W-hÀW-ambv I®p-IÄ.
♦ s]cp-am-fnsâ ASp¯v A½sb aI³ Dt]-£n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶-sX-´p-sIm-v?
♦ kqNn-{]-tbm-K¯- nsâ \oäÂ t]mse a\-Ên-eqsS IS¶v t]mbn IS-¶p-t]mb hnNm-c§
- Ä Fs´Ãmw?
♦ Xs¶-bmtcm þ ]n¨n-sb¶v tXm¶m³ ImcWw.
H¶n\pw sImÅ-cp-Xm-¯h - s
- \-¶h
- Ä
C¶pw ]gn ]d-tª¡pw. ImcWw
F´p kw`-hn-¨n-«mImw?
c-v Ihn-Xm-`m-K-¯n-tâbpw Bi-b-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯pI.
A½ þ aIÄ, aI³ þ A½
{]hÀ¯\w : 2
khn-tij {]tbm-K-§fpw Ah-bpsS AÀ° Xehpw Is--¯p-I.
* Ihn-X-bnÂ \n¶v CjvS-s¸« hcn-IÄ Is--¯p¶p CjvS-s¸-Sm-\pÅ ImcWw
* a\-ÊnÂ X«nb kµÀ`w/ Bibw ]¦p-shbv¡p¶p
{]hÀ¯\w : 3
CjvS-s¸« hcn-I-fnÂ \n¶pw sXc-sª-Sp¯ khn-tij {]tbm-K-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åp¶
hcn-IÄ
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww þ hmÀ²-Iy-¯nsâ A\p-`h Xo{hX
khntij {]tbm-K-§Ä Bibw
\ocäp hnän hc- ssI¨p- Å n- I Ä t]mb Ime-¯nsâ A[zm-\hpw
hmÀ²-Iyhpw tNÀ¶v ipjv¡-am-¡nb
icocw
a§n-]-g-Inb ]nªmW hÀWw sXfn¨w \jvS-s¸« I®p-IÄ
Cs¸-cpw-amÄ? s]cp-amÄ, s]cpw-amÄ,
s]cp-am-fp-IÄ (henb amfpIÄ)
s]cp-am-fmbv Cuiz-c³ amdp¶ ]pXnb
Ime-¯nsâ {]h-WX B[p-\n-IX - b
- psS
kw`m-h\
102
Ip«n-tb-Im-´X I®p-s]m-¯n-I-fn-¡p¶ Ip«nIsfm-gnª hnZym-ebapä¯v
I®p-s]m¯n Ifn-¡p¶ Ip«n-bmbn
amdp¶ GIm-´X
a§n-¸-g-Inb ]nªmW hÀWw A½-bpsS I®p-Isf C§s\

hnti-jn-¸n-¨-Xn\v ImcWw NÀ¨
A½-bpsS I®p-IÄ \ndw a§n, sXfna ]nªmWw þ ]g-b-Im-e¯v `£Ww

\jvS-s¸«p t]mf-IÄ Ie§n ]of-b-Snªv Ign-¡m³ D]-bm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ ]m{Xw
ssZ\yX _m[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. XpSÀ¨-bmbn Htc ]m{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-
(hmÀ²-Iy-¯nâ Ah-Ø) Xn- \ mÂ ]g- I p- I bpw \ndw a§p- I bpw
sN¿p-¶p.
Ca-Nn-½msX a¡Ä¡mbn Xpd¶p h¨ I®p-If - m-WXv. acWw hsc Im¯n-cn-¡m³ B I®p-
IÄ X¿m-dmWv. hÀ¯-am-\I
- m-e¯
- nsâ sI«-Im-gvNI
- Ä ]g-Inb ]m{X-¯n-se-¶t- ]mse Ah-cpsS I®p-
I-fnÂ t]mdÂ hogv¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. \ndw a§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
{]hÀ¯\w : 4
khn- t ij kµÀ`- § Ä Is- - ¯ p- I .
Bkz-mZ-Is\ sXm«p-WÀ¯m\pw Nnń-¸n-¡m\pw Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ khn-tij kµÀ`-
§ÄsIm-v k¼-¶-amWv A½-s¯m-«nÂ F¶ IhnX C¯cw Imhy-k-µÀ`-§Ä Ihn-X-bpsS `wKn-
hÀ[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡p-¶p-t-m?
Imhy- k - µ À`- § Ä Is- - ¯ p- I .
hniIe\w sN¿p-I. þ eLp-Ip-dn¸p X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
1) s]äp-In-S¡
- pw..... IpXn-bv¡p-¶p.
s]äp-In-S-¡p¶ ]«n-bpsS kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ
* X\n¡p t\sc hcp-¶-hÀs¡-Xn-sc-bpÅ iucywþ
* Xsâ Ipªns\ kwc-£n-¡m-\pÅ hy{K-Xþ
* Ip«n-I-tfm-SpÅ AanX kvt\lw
* arK-§-fnÂ t¸mepw þ amXr-]p{X _Ô-¯nsâ Dujva-fX ImWmw.
* hnth-N\ _p²n-bn-Ãm¯ P´p-¡Ä a\p-jy\v \ÂIp¶ ]mTw
* s]ä½ þ hen-s¨-dn-b-s¸-Sm-\pÅ hkvXp am{X-am-Ip-¶p.
2) A¶-s¯..... IS¶v t]mbn.......
kqNn-{]-tbm-K¯ - nsâ {]tXy-IX - I
- Ä
* Xpf-¨p-Ib - d- p-¶Xv
* thZ-\n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ...............
103
sImfp-¯n-hn-e-bv¡p¶ ]g-b-Ime HmÀ½-IÄ ( ssii-h-¯nÂ ]\n _m[n¨
s\m¼cw aIs\ FSp¯psIm- v ]Sn- I Ä Ib- d n- b - X v )
kqNn-{]-tbm-K-¯n³ \oä-embn A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp¶p.
]n¨n-b-XmÀ þ hnZym-eb apä¯v þ ]g-b-Ime HmÀ½-IÄ Hcp ]n¨-embn
Icn-sªm-co-ssI-Itfm (\p-Å-em-bn) amdp-¶p. kµÀ` hymJym\w
ssiih þ _mey-þ-Iu-amc c- v kµÀ`- § fpw aIsâ a\- Ê ns\ t\mhn- ¡ p- ¶ p- v

buÆ\ (Po-hn-Xm-h-Ø-IÄ) B t\mhv A\p-hm-N-I\pw A\p-`-hn-¡p¶p
A½-bpsS Icp-Xepw
kvt\lhpw {]Xy-£-ambpw
]tcm- £ - a mbpw D- v
Aim-´-\mb Cuiz-c³ þ Cuiz-c³ Aim-´ -\m-I p¶sX´p-sIm-v

Imäp sImÅm-\n-d-§ntbm Cuiz-c³ imń-\ÂIp-¶-h-\mWv
]t£ ]pXp-Im-e-¯nsâ sI« ImgvN-IÄ
Cuiz-c\p t]mepw imń-\-jvS-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
BkzmZ-Il
- r-Zb
- s¯ Bg-¯nÂ kv]Àin-¡p-Ibpw _p²nsb DWÀ¯p-Ibpw Not´m-±o-]I
- -
am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. C¯cw Bhn-jv¡-c-W-§Ä Ihn-Xbv¡v ]pXnb am\-§Ä \ÂIp-¶p-v
A½-s¯m-«nÂþ ioÀj-I¯nsâ HuNnXyw þ Bcmepw kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sm-\n-ÃmsX
Dt]-£n-¡s
- ¸-Sp¶ Ipªp-§Ä¡pÅ CSwþ A½-s¯m-«nÂ
Ihn-X-bnÂ CXv A½-bv¡pÅ sXm«n-em-Ip¶p A½ kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS-- h-fmWv. amXrXzw

al-\o-b-am-Wv. Ime-§-fpsS X]-ky-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Hcp Ipªp hep-Xmbn A½sb kwc-£n-¡m³
{]m]vX\- m-Ip-¶Xv I®n-aN - n-½msX Ah-\mbn Im¯n-cp¶v Ah-fpsS I®p-IÄ¡v \ndwa-§p-¶p. ssIIÄ
\ocp-hän ipjv¡a - m-Ip-¶p.
F¶n«pw Imh-embv A½ Ah-t\m-sSm-¸-ap--v. ]s£ Hcp sXcphp ]«n-bpsS hnImcw t]mepw
]pXnb Xe-apd amXr-Xz-t¯mSv ImWn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
Ihn-Xb- nÂ
aI³ A½sb Dt]-£n-¡m³ CSw þ sXm«nÂ At\z-jn-¨-e-bp-¶p............
kv]Àihpw KÔhpw
HSp-hnÂ A½ hb-dnsâ NqSpw, Ims¨-®-bpsS KÔhpw, ]peÀs¨ XWp-¸m-äp¶ Nq«n³ KÔhpw,
aI\v Hcp HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯e - mbv amdp¶p
{]hÀ¯-\wþ6
Bkzm-Z\w X¿m-dm-¡pI
A½sb Dt]-£n-¡m³ CSw tXSn-be - b
- p¶ aI-t\bpw ac-W¯
- nepw Ca-Nn-½msX Imh-em-fm-
hm³ {ian-¡p¶ A½-tb-bp-amWv A½s¯m«nÂ F¶ Ihn-X-bnÂ ImWm³ Ign-bp-I.
Cu Bi-bs¯ ap³\nÀ¯n A½-s¯m-«nÂ F¶ Ihn-Xbv¡v Bkzm-Z\w X¿mdm-¡p-I.
104
bqWn‰v ˛ 2
\nemhv s]øp∂
\m´phgnIƒ
]mT-`mKw
sIm¨p-N¡- c- ¨
- n þ F.-]n.-DZ- b
- `- m\p
HmW-ap-ä¯v þ sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³
tImgnbpw Ing-hnbpwþ ImcqÀ \oe-I-WvT-]nÅ
BapJw
Krlm-Xp-cXzw DWÀ¯p¶ {KmaoW `wKnbpw ssNX-\yhpw ]-v tIc-f-¡-c-bnÂ \ndªp
\n¶n-cp-¶p. \nem-hnsâ IpfnÀabpw Dujvaf - X
- bpw kvt\lhpw BÀ{Z-Xbpw \·bpw kXy-hp-saÃmw
‘s]¿p¶’ \m«p-h-gn-I-fn-eqsS tIc-fob {Kmao-Wm-´-co-£-¯n-te-¡mWv ‘\nemhv s]¿p¶ \m«p-h-gn-
IÄ’ F¶ bqWnäv \s½ Iq«n sIm-p sNÃp-¶Xv. AXm-Is« tIc-fob kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ Cuän-Ã-
hp-amWv!
“ \m«n³ ]pdw \·-I-fmÂ kar²w” þ(Ipän-¸p-d¯v tIi-h³ \mbÀ, {KmaoW I\yI) F¶
hcn-bpsS Bibw \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p¶ Cu bqWn-änÂ a\p-jy\pw {]Ir-Xnbpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-s¯-
¡p-dn-¡p¶ ‘sIm¨pN-¡-c¨n’ (D]-\ym-kw), tIc-fob kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ \·sb Gäp-]m-Sp¶
‘HmWapä¯v’ (Ihn-X), N{I-hm-f§ - Ä¡¸p-dt- ¯¡p \ofp¶ a\pjy _Ô-¯nsâ Dujvaf - X \ndªp
\nÂ¡p¶ ‘tImgnbpw Ing-hnbpw’ (IY), ASn-bp-d¨ PohnX ZÀi-\§ - f
- psS Bg-¯n-te¡v Cd-§n-s¨-
Ãp¶ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp ( teJ-\w) F¶o ]mT-§Ä DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p--v. DuÀP-kz-eX \nd-ªXpw
ZmÀi-\n-I-X-bn-eq-¶n-b-Xp-amb tIc-fob ImgvN-Ifpw PohnX A\p-`-h-§fpw sIm-v kar-²-amb cN-
\-If- mWv Cu b- q-Wn-än-ep-ÅX
- v.
kwL-Im-es¯ Xangv Ih-b-{Xn-bmb HuÆ-bmÀ Fgp-Xnb ‘]pd \m\q-dnÂ’ \n¶v bqWn-änsâ
{]th-iI - a
- mbn sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶,
“v\mSm-bmepw ImSm-bmepw “\mSmsIm³tdm ImSm-sIm³tdm

Ipgn-bm-bmepw Ip¶m-bmepw Ah-em-sImtâm anssN-bm-sIm³tdm
\Ã-hÀ]mÀ¡p-s¶-¦nÂ FÆgn \Ã-h-cm-S-hÀ
\obpw \t¶ hmgpI \neta” AÆgn \ssÃ hmgnb \net\”
]pd-\m-\qdv/Huh-¿mÀ
F¶ hcn-IÄ apI-fnÂ ]dª Bi-b-§sf Du«n Dd-¸n-¡p-¶p. \Ã a\p-jyÀ ]mÀ¡p-¶nSw

\¶mbn hcpw AXv ImSm-bmepw \mSm-bmepw Ip¶m-bmepw Ipgn-bm-bm-epw. ]mÀ¡p¶ a\p-jy-cpsS
KpW-amWv `pan-bpsS \·-\n-Ýb
- n-¡p-¶X
- v. C¯cw \·-If
- psS t\À¡mgvN \ndª ]mT-`mKw Nnt´m-
±o-]-I-amWv F¶-XnÂ kwi-b-an-Ã.
105
BapJw
sIm¨p-N-¡-c¨n
F.-]n.-D-Z-b-`m\p Fgp-Xnb sIm¨p-N-¡-c¨n F¶ D]-\ym-k-¯nÂ hr£-§-fnÂ h¨p t{ijvT-

amb, Ihn-IÄ {]W-bn-¡p-¶, Ip«n-IÄ Hma-\n-¡p¶ amhns\ Ipdn¨pw tIcf¯nsâ tZiob ê-
amb am§-bpsS cpNn-ssh-hn-[ys¯¡pdn¨pw ]d-bp-¶p. teJ-I\pw A½bpw sIm¨p N¡-c-¨nbpw
X½n-epÅ At`-Zy-_Ôw Cu D]-\ym-k-¯nsâ Xmbv¯-Sn-bmbn \nÂ¡p-¶p. Hcp hoSnsâ ap¯-Èn-
bmbn amdnb sIm¨p N¡-c-¨n¡v ]e-X-e-ap-d-I-tfm-SpÅ Bß-_-Ôhpw hoSn-t\mSpw ho«p-Im-tcm-Sp-
apÅ kvt\lhpw {it²-b-am-Wv. Hcp hyàn¡v Xpey-amWv Hcp amhv F¶v \mw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p.
* amhnsâ hwi-¯nÂ ]nd-¶-hÄ.

* Ipe-t{ijvT.
* \mep sI«n\pw s\Â¸p-cbv¡pw at[y sXt¡-ap-ä¯v A[o-iz-cn-bmbn \n¶-hÄ.
* Bfp-IÄ¡v {]nb-s¸-«-hÄþ ‘]m«¯n-e¸ - q¸³’ sh«nam- ä m³ Xp\n- ª - t ¸mÄ th- - s ¸- « - h À
XSªp h¨p þ ‘Acpa¯w’ t\Snb-hÄ.
* \mhp--m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ IpSpw-_-¯nsâ IY ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-¶-hÄ.
* IpSpw-_-¯nse ap¯Èn þ F{X Xe-ap-d-IÄ Cu ac-¨p-h-«n-en-cp¶v a[pcw Xn¶n-«p--v.
* Xsâ Acn-InÂ hcp-¶-hÀ¡v H¶pw c-pw h¨v \evIm-\mWv Xsâ am§-IÄ þ hnÂ¡m-\Ã
F¶ sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n-bpsS `mhw.
* h®-¯nepw s]m¡-¯nepw anIhp Im«nb sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨nsb Hcp {]tem-`-\-¯nÂs¸«pw
apdn-¡m³ teJ-I\pw A½bpw X¿m-dm-Im-Xn-cp-¶-Xv.
* teJ-Isâ {]nb-¦c - n-bmb ‘sIm¨pN-¡c
- ¨n’ sb apdn-¡Wsa¶v ]d-bm-\n-Sb - mb kml-Nc - yw.
* Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn sIm¨p N¡-c-¨n-¡p-h¶ B]-¯v.
* sIm¨p N¡-c-¨n-bpsS CS-Xp-`m-K-¯mbn þ Xmtg \n¶v F«p-]-¯Sn Cb-c-¯nÂ
sXmen-s]m-fnªv XSn PoÀWn¨-Xv.
* A½-bpsS Dd¨ hnizmkw þ sIm¨p-N-¡-c¨n hognÃ þ tISp-h-s¶-¦nepw acw ]pc-¸p-d¯v
hognÃ þ AhÄ B]¯v hcp-¯n-Ã.
* tcmKm-Xp-c-bm-bn«pw XfnÀ¡p-Ibpw ]q¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n.
* IÀ¡n-S-I-¯nse Idp¯-hm-hn³ \mfnÄ BIm-i-¯n\p Xmsg Xsâ Ce-¸-SÀ¸p-IÄsIm-v
asäm-cm-Imiw krjvSn¨v an¶m-an-\p-§p-I-sf-s¡m-v \£{X \n_n-U-ambn \nÂ¡p¶
sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n.
* hrÝnIw [\p-am-k-¯nÂ, AIm-e¯v h¶, ]gp¯ Ce-IÄ sImgn-¡m³ am{Xw t]mcp¶
t\cnb agbpw Imäpw sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n-bpsS Bßm-hns\ sIm-p t]mIp-¶p.þ
* sIm¨pN¡-c¨n apdnªp hogp¶p þ AÂ¸w aXnepw ]pfn-ac - ¯
- nsâ aq¶pw \mepw sIm¼pw
am{Xw \in-¸n¨p sIm-v þ BÀ¡pw tZmjw hcp-¯msX sIm¨p-N¡ - c
- ¨n A½-bpsS hnizmkw
Im¯p kq£n-¨p.
106
F.-]n.-D-Z-b-`m\p (1915 þ 1999)
Be-¸pg PnÃ-bnÂ ap«¯v P\n-¨p. \À½w \nd-ªXpw efn-X-hp-amb D]-\y-mk-§Ä [mcmfw
cNn-¨ Fgp-¯p-Im-c³. AS-ª-hm-XnÂ , Fsâ IY-bn-Ãm-ba, hr²-hn-Nm-cw, HmÀ½-bpsS I®m-Sn,
B\bpw AÂ]w sXep-¦pw, H¶mw Øm\w, sIm¨p-Xp-¼n, AÀ°-hpwþ AÀ°hpw, kwkm-cn-¡p¶
ssZhw, Ifnbpw Imcyhpw F¶nh IrXn-If - m-Wv.
{]hÀ¯-\c - wKw: Fgp-¯p-Im-c³, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ kzmX{ýkactk\m-\n.
Bap-Jw
HmW-ap-ä¯v
sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³ Fgp-Xnb ‘hnS’ F¶ Imhy-k-am-l-mc-¯nse HmW kvar-Xn-I-
fp-WÀ¯p¶ Ihn-Xb - mWv ‘HmWap-ä¯v’ F¶Xv. tIc-f¯ - nsâ `q{]-Ir-Xn-bp-tSbpw {KmaoW imeo-\-
X-bp-sSbpw `wKn- hm-Mvab Nn{X-§f- n-eqsS at\m-lc - a
- mbn Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p¶ Ihn Ahbv¡v HmW¸cn-
thjw \ÂIp-¶p. ‘amtemI-sc-Ãmcpsam¶p-t]mse’ F¶ ka-Xz-kp-µc - a
- mb ktµiw ]¦p-hb - v¡p¶
HmWs¯ hc-thÂ¡m³ tIcf {]IrXn Hcp§n \nÂ¡p-¶X - mWv Imhy-hn-jb - w. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kq£va
Xmfhpw Ne-\hpw \nco-£n¨ HcmÄ¡pam-{Xta C¯-c-¯nÂ IhnX Fgp-Xm-\m-Ip. \nem-hmÂ Iap-
In³ ]qhcn XqIn-sIm-v t\cs¯ Xs¶ hgn-bnÂ FXn-tcäv \nÂ¡p¶ cmhv, þ a\p-jy-a-\-ÊnÂ
thcp-d¨ HmW-k-¦Â]-§-fpsS Bg-¯n-te¡v \s½ Iq«n-sIm--p-t]m-Ip-¶p. ‘ImWw hnäpw HmWw
D®Ww’ ‘HmWw tIdm-aq-e-bnÂ t]mepw tIh©n tIdn F¯p¶ HmWw’ þ ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-Ênse
HmW-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Bg-¯n-epÅ thtcm-«§ - f
- m-Wv {]Ir-Xnbpw hnhn[ ]q¡fpw alm-_e - nsb kzoI-
cn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w “amtemIscÃmhcpw H¶p t]mse” F¶ ImgvN-¸m-SpÅ a¶s\ aWn ]oT-¯n-en-
cp¯n ]qPn-¡p-¶p-ap--v. Ihn ChnsS ]pÅp-h-\m-Wv. Cu \mSn\p th-n ]mSp¶ ka-`m-h-\-bv¡p-
th- n ]mSp¶ ]pÅp- h ³.
* HmWs¯ kzoI-cn-¡m³ ae-\mSv AWn-sªm-cp-§p¶p.
* \K-c-kw-kv¡m-c-¯nsâ A[n-\n-th-i-¯nÂ \jvS-s¸«p t]mIp¶ {KmaoW \·-Isf
]cn-]m-en-¡p-Ibpw Gäp ]mSp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]pÅp-h-\mbn Ihn amdp-¶p.
* ]cn-jv¡mc Xn®-bn-ep-Å-hÀ Ihnsb ]cn-l-kn-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw Ihn-bpsS Bßm-`n-am\w
XIÀ¡m³ AhÀ¡m-Ip-¶n-Ãþ
* {Kma PohnX ss\Àaeyw Ihn¡v Icp¯v ]IÀ¶n-cp¶p.
* HmW-¡-hn-X-bv¡-¸pdw ae-bmf¡c-bpsS Poh\ kwKo-X-ambn amdp¶ Ihn-X.
* amdp¶ ae-bmf kwkv¡m-c-¯n³ þ HmW kwkv¡r-Xn-bnÂ Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-ap-WÀ¯p¶
Ihn-X.
* aªm-eo-d-\p-Sp¯ \mSv, hmbp-hn³ a[p-tcm-Zmc hnImcw \ndª \mSv.
* amth-ensb kzoI-cn-¡p¶ ]q¡Ä.
• ae-cn³ IpS \nd¨ Xp¼.
• Xncn-IÄ sXdp¯v sImfp-¯m-\mbn aplqÀ¯w Im¯v ssI Ipgªv \nÂIp¶
Zo]-¡p-ä-IÄ \m«nb t]mepÅ ap¡p-än.
• shÅn-¯m-e-sa-Sp¯p \nÂ¡p¶ s\¿m-¼-ep-IÄ.
• \nem-hmÂ hgn-bnÂ Ihp-§n³ ]phmcn XqInb cmhv.
107
* BÀ¸p hnfn-¡m³ D®n-Ifpw Ae-I-Sepw.
* Ipc-hb
- n-Sp-¶Xv Acp-hnbpw sNdp-I\
- y-II
- fpw.
* Gähpw \Ã AXnYn amthen.
* HmW-t¡mSn DSp¯v Ihnfp XpSp¯ DjÊv ae-bpsS N§e h«-bnÂ \mfw
]mSe hnc-emÂ \o«p-¶p.
sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³ (1911-þ1985)

Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-bnÂ Ieq-cnÂ P\n-¨p. ‘Im¨n-¡p-dp-¡nb Ihn-X-IÄ’ F¶v Ct±-l-¯nsâ
Ihn-X-Isf Ip«n-IrjvWam-cmÀ hoti-jn-¸n-¨n-«p-v
IrXn-IÄ : I¶n-s¡mbv¯v, {iotc-J, IpSn-sbm-gn-¡Â, HmW-¸m-«p-ImÀ, Ip¶n-a-Wn-IÄ, Ibv]-hÃcn,
hnS, aI-cs
- ¡mbv¯v, an¶m-an-¶n, ]¨-¡p-Xn-c, Ip«n-¡h
- n-XI
- Ä, Ipcp-hn-IÄ (I-hnXm kam-lm-cw) arX-
k-RvPo-h-\n, (Im-hy-\m-S-Iw) Ejy-irw-K\pw Ae-Ivkm--dpw (\m-S-Iw) Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-W-IÄ (-A-
ß-IY - )
{]hÀ¯\ cwKw:
A[ym-]-I³, hnhn[ kmlnXy {]Øm-\-§-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-cw-K¯p \n¶v {]hÀ¯n¨p
AhmÀUv: tI{µþ tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv, hb-emÀ AhmÀUv, tkmhn-bäv em³kv
s\lvdp AhmÀUv, HmS-¡p-gÂ AhmÀUv.
{KmaoW `wKnbpw hnip-²nbpw kwkv¡m-chpw ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-ÊnÂ ]¯n-c«- n-bm¡n s]m¶p hnf-
bn¨ Ihn-bmWv sshtem-¸n-Ån. a®nsâ DÄXpSn¸pI-fd- nªpw ]¦p-h¨pw hfÀ¶ Cu Ihnbpw Ihn-
X-Ifpw Imes¯ AXnhÀ¯n-¡pw.
BapJw
tImgnbpw Ing-hnbpw
ImcqÀ \oe-IW - vT]- nÅ Fgp-Xnb ‘Imcq-cnsâ IY-IÄ’ F¶ IrXn-bnÂ \ns¶-Sp¯ ‘tImgnbpw
Ing-hnbpw’ F¶ IY \m«n³ ]pds¯ c-p IpSpw-_-§sf Ipdn-¨pÅXmWv. a¯m-bn-bpsS IpSpw-
_hpw amÀt¡m-knsâ IpSpw-_-hpw. AbÂh-¡-¡m-cmb c-p-Ip-Spw-_-¯n-tebpw AwK-§-fpsS CW-
¡hpw ]nW-¡hpw BXy-ń-Ia - mbn \·-bpsS Pbhpw \ndª Cu IYsb {KmaoW A´-co-£hpw
\m«n³ ]pd-¯p-Im-cpsS `mjbpw kpµ-c-am-¡p-¶p. ImcqÀ IY-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmb Ipdn¡p
sImÅp¶ \À½hpw kmaq-lnI hnaÀi-\hpw Cu IYsb Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-¡p-¶p.
* IYm-cwKw \m«n³]pdw
* a¯m-bn-bpsS IpSpw_w amÀt¡m-knsâ IpSpw_w.
* ]c- k v ] - c m- { i- b - t ¯msS Ign- ª n- c p¶ c- p IpSpw- _ - § - f nÂ AIÂ¨- b p- - m - I p¶p
Ahn-thIw sIm-v ]e kml-k-§Ä¡pw apXn-cp¶ sNdp-¸-¡msc {]mb-amb Bfp-IÄ
\nb-{ń-¡p-¶p. \m«n³ ]pd-¯nsâ \·-kq-£n-¡p-¶p.
* hfÀ¯p tImgnsb sImÃm-\pÅ hnjaw.
* N¯ tImgnsb aÀt¡m-knsâ `mcy a¯m-bn-bpsS `mcybv¡v \ÂIp-¶p.
* a¯m-bnbpw `mcybpw Bcpw Adn-bmsX Cd¨n thhn¨p Ign-¡p-¶p.
108
* ]n¶oSv N¯ tImgn a¯mbn amÀt¤W IqIp- ¶ p. þ ‘t\m¡nt¡m’ F¶v.
a¯m-bn-bpsS a\-Ênse ZpjvSNn´ Nn¡n-bpw, amńbpw NnIªpw ]pd¯p sIm-p-h-cp-¶p.
* amÀt¡m-knsâ ho«p-Imcpw a¯m-bn-bpsS ho«p-Imcpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-¯nsâ Bgw þ hoSp
hbv¡m³ aÀt¡m-knsâ AÑ³ a¯m-bn-bpsS AÑ\v Øew \ÂIp-¶-Xv.
* Ggp s]§-·m-cpsS B§-fb - mbn P\n¨ aÀt¡mkv hfÀ¶p h¶-t¸m-tg¡pw A¸\pw A½bpw
acn-¡p-Ibpw {]mcm_v[¡S-enÂ ap§p-Ipbpw sN¿p-¶p.
* IpSn-tbä¡mc-\mb a¯m-bn-bpsS IpSpw-_-¯nse Hä aI-\mWv a¯m-bn. a¯m-bn-bpsS
PohnXw ]¨ ]nSn¨p hcp-¶p.
* Ip«n-IÄ X½n-epÅ ]nW-¡hpw CW-¡hpw þ {Kma-Po-hnX ss\Àaeyw {]nXn-^-en-¡p¶p
* a¯m-bn-bpsS {]bw sN¶ A½-bpsS \Ã a\-Êv.
* tImgnsb sIm¶-Xn\v aÀt¡m-kns\ t]meokv sIm-p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ a¯m-bn-bpsS A½
CS-s]-Sp-¶p.
* BÀ¡pw \ÂImsX ‘sI«n-b-h\pw sI«n-b-hfpw’ Cd¨n Ign¨ hnhcw a¯m-bn-bpsS A½
FÃm-h-tcmSpw ]d-bp-¶p.
ImcqÀ \oe-I-WvT-¸nÅ (1898 þ 1975)

tIm«bw PnÃ-bnÂ Gäp-am-\q-cnÂ P\n-¨p. ac-¸m-hI
- Ä, ]qh-¼g- w, ]nim-Nnsâ Ip¸mbw, s]mXn-
t¨m-dv, sXc-sª-Sp-¯-I-Y-IÄ, lcn-, Ku-cn, ]Wnbpw XpWnbpw þ F¶n-h IrXn-IÄ.
{]hÀ¯-\c- wKw
IYm-Ir-¯v, A[ym-]I
- ³ kmlnXy {]hÀ¯I kl-Ic - W
- k
- wL Øm]I³.
kq£va-ambn Pohn-Xs¯ \nco-£n-¡p-Ibpw Fgp-¯nÂ sIm-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\pjy \·-
bnÂ hniz-kn-¡p-¶-bmÄ \À½w \ndª BJym-\-§Ä F¶ khn-ti-j-X-tbm-sSm¸w km[m-cW
P\-§-fpsS Pohn-X-t¯bpw A[ym-]I A\p-`-h-t¯bpw At±lw IYbv¡v hnj-b-am-¡n.
Bap-Jw.
‘{io\m-cm-bW Kpcp’
Ipän¸pdw IrjvW-¸n-Å-bpsS “PohN-cn-{Xhpw Kpcp kvarXn-Ifpw” F¶ IrXn-bnÂ \n¶pw
FSp¯ Hcp `mK-amWv {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp F¶ teJ-\w.
Úm\-tbm-Kn-bmb {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp,
“temIta Xd-hmSv X\n¡o sNSnI-fpw,
]pÂIfpw ]pgp¡fpw IqSn-X³ IpSpw-_¡ - mÀ”
(hÅt¯mÄ \mcmbWtat\m³, Fsâ Kpcp\mY³)
F¶ GI-tem-Im-ibw IÀ½-tbm-K-¯n-eqsS am\-h-cpsS DbÀ¨¡pw kmaq-lnI \·bv¡pw
th-n D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv teJ-I³ A\p-kva-cn-¡p¶p. C¶v \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ kzmX{ýw Im¯p
kq£n-¡m³ _m[y-Øc - m-sW¶v HmÀan-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p
* A[x-Øn-Xsc D²-cn-¡m³ ]cn-{iaw sNbvX tbmKnbpw AssZz-Xn-bp-amWv Kpcp.
109
* aäv k\ymknhcy-·m-cnÂ \n¶pw Kpcp-hns\ thdn«p \nÀ¯p-¶Xv þ B[ym-ßn-IX - bpw euIn-
I-Xbpw CW¡n tNÀ¯p sIm-pÅ At±-l-¯nsâ PohnX ZÀi-\-am-Wv.
* aX-§Ä¡pÅnÂ HXp-§m-¯X - mWv Kpcp-ZÀi\w.
* AÔ-hn-iz-k-¯n\pw Zpcm-Nm-c-¯n\pw aX-¯n\pw AXo-X-amb am\p-jnI ka-`m-h-\-bpsS
ImgvN-¸mSv Cu teJ-\-¯n-eqsS e`n-¡p-¶p.
* {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp ktµ-i§ - sf tZi-¯n\pw Ime-¯n\pw A\p-kr-Xa
- mbn hymJym-\n-¡p-
Ibpw hne- b n- c p- ¯ p- I bpw sNt¿- - X p- - v .
* t£{X-§-fÃ hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§fpw sXmgnÂ ime-I-fp-amWv IqSp-X-ep--m-tI--Xv F¶v
ktµiw \ÂIn.
* I®mSn {]Xn-jvT-bn-eqsS a\p-jysâ A´xi-àn-bpsS hnIm-k-¯nsâ Bh-iy-IX Kpcp
FSp¯p Im«n.
]T\ {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä
{]hÀ¯\w 1
þ F.-]n.-D-Z-b-`m-\p, sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³, ImcqÀ \oe-I-WvT-]n-Å, Ipän-¸pg IrjvW ]nÅ
HuÆ-bmÀ
þ sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n, ]pd-\m-\qÀ, Pohn-N-cn-{Xhpw Kpcp kvarXn-I-fpw, Imcq-cnsâ IrXn-IÄ, hnS
þ D]-\ym-kw, teJ-\w, Ihn-X, IY
♦ apI-fnÂ sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ Fgp-¯p-Im-cpsS IrXn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS hn`m-Khpw {Ia-s¸-Sp¯n Fgp-
XpI? (B-ap-J-¯nsâ klm-b-t¯msS Is--¯p-I)
{]hÀ¯\w 2
-þ sIm-¨p-N-¡-c-¨n, ]pd-\m-\q-dv, Poh-N-cn-{Xhpw Kpcp-kvar-Xn-Ifpw, Imcq-cnsâ IrXn-IÄ, hnS
þ HmW-ap-ä-¯v, ]pd-\m-\qÀ, {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp, sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n, tImgnbpw Ing-hn-bpw.
þ I®mSn {]Xn-jvTbn-eqsS a\p-jysâ A´: iàn-bpsS hnIm-k¯ - nsâ Bh-iy-IX FSp¯p Im«n,
\mhp-m- b
- n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ IpSpw-_¯ - nsâ IY ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-¶h - Ä, AXnsâ Poh³ t]mIp-t¼mÄ I®p
\nd-bm-¯Xv I®nÂ IqSn htc- shÅw hmbnÂ Dudp-¶Xv sIm-mWv Cd-¨n-bpsS cpNn HmÀ¯n-
«m-Wv, aªm-eo-d\ - p-Sp-¡p-Ibpw a[p-tcm-Zmc hnImcw \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡pIbpw sN¿p-¶p.
]mÀ¡p¶ a\pjy-cpsS KpW-amWv \mSnsâ \· \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.
♦ apI-fnÂ sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ kqN-\-IÄ hmbn-¨p-htÃm? Ah ]mT-`mKw, aqe-IrXn, ]mT-`m-Ks¯
Bibw F¶ {Ia-¯nÂ ]«n-Is - ¸-Sp-¯pI?
{]hÀ¯\w 3
Aiz-°w, L\-kp-KÔ - n, `ph\ hnZnXw, A\p-tk-hy³, A[o-iz-cn, Xacp, Acp-a¯
- w, Xmin-¸p-c, Cuj-
·-{Xw, Iehn, ]mS-ew, ekn-¡p-I, Zqj-Ww, I¿m-e, AssZzXw, A]-cn-Xym-Pw.
♦ X¶n- c n- ¡ p¶ hm¡p- I Ä¡v A\p- t bm- P y- a mb AÀ°w Is- ¯ n \nL- p X¿m- d m- ¡ p- I .
(A,B.....-I,-N,-S,-X,-h) {Iaw ]men-¡pI
110
A-c-bmÂ, t{ijvT-amb kpK-Ô-ap-Å-hÄ, temI {]i-kvXw, tkhn-¡-s¸-«-h³, Xsâ
Npäp-apÅhsc Iog-S¡n hmgp-¶-hÄ, Xpf-bv¡m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-Ww, Hma-\-
¯w, Xmbv¸p-c, AÂ¸w am{Xw, Ifn, Cfw-Np-I-¸v, tim`n-¡p-I, tZmjw
{]hÀ¯\w 4
Ime-tZ-im-Zn-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]cn-jv¡mcw thW-sa¶v Bi-bp-Å-h³, BIm-ihpw
`qanbpw Iq«n-ap-«p-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶p-¶n-Sw, amhnsâ ]qhvþ A¼v (km-b-Iw) B¡n-b-h³þ
♦ X¶n-cn-¡p-¶-hbv¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hä-hm¡v Is-¯n Fgp-XpI?
DÂ]-Xn-jvWp, N{I-hmfw, NqX-km-b-I³ (Im-a-tZ-h³)
{]hÀ¯\w 5
tim`n¨p {] {]tim-`n¨p \Ã-t]mse tim`n¨p
kmcw \n \nÊmcw kmc-an-Ãm-¯Xv
{]kn²w kp/Ip kp{]-kn²w hfsc {]kn-²-am-bXv/
Ip{]-kn²w tami-amb coXn-bnÂ Adn-b-s¸-«Xv
♦ hm¡p-IÄ¡p ap¶nÂ Nne A£-c-§Ä h¶-t¸mÄ AÀ°w amdn-b-Xmbn IWp-atÃm “\nemhp

s]¿p¶ \m«p-h-gn-IÄ” F¶ bq\n-änse ]mT-`m-K-¯p-\n¶pw C¯-c-¯n-epÅ IqSp-XÂ hm¡p-IÄ
tiJ-cn¨v AÀ° hyXymkw Ipdn-¡p-I.
D-]k- À¤w
]Z-§Ä¡p ap³]nÂ {]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ AÀ° t`Z-¯n\p Imc-Wa
- mb i_vZa
- mWv
D]-kÀ¤w. hm¡p-IÄ¡p ap¶nÂ D]-kÀ¤w tNcp-t¼mÄ AÀ°-¯nÂ amäw hcp-¶-
tXm-sSm¸w Nne-t¸mÄ \ntj-[mÀ-°hpw D-m-Ipw.
D] kÀ¤-¯n-\p-Zm-lc - Ww,
hn,- kw,- B,- D,- ],- A, -\n
{]hÀ¯\w 6
♦ ]¨-am§ AÂ¸w D¸p-tNÀ¯v Idp-apdm, Idp-apdm Nh¨p Xn¶mÂ Ip¯n Hen-¡p¶ Dan-\o-cnsâ
(sIm-Xn) thKw sIm-v AW-IÄ tIm¨n-t¸mIpw (sIm-¨p-N-¡-c-¨n)
* AW-IÄ tIm¨n t]mIp-¶sX-t¸mÄ ?
* F´p-sIm-v?
* tIm¨n-t¸m-hpI þ AÀ°w hyà-am-¡pI
* AW-IÄ tIm¨n t¸mhpI þ F¶ {]tbmKw Cu `mK-¯n\p \ÂInb AÀ°-`wKn
hni-Z-am-¡pI?
þ]-ä
- m§ D¸vtNÀ¯v Xn¶p-t¼mÄ XWp¯p tIm¨p-I.
þ sImXn-sIm-v Dan-\oÀ iàn-bnÂ hcp-t_mÄ, ]pfn sImXn-bpsS B[nIyw
111
♦ kÀÆ hr£-§Ä¡pw aotX F¶p `mhn¨p \nÂ¡p¶ Aiz-°tam L\ kpK-Ôn-bmb kzÀW-]q-
¡Ä hncn-bn¨p \nÂ¡p¶ sN¼-Itam kpc-`ne kzÀW \£-{X-§Ä ]q¡p¶ Ce-ªn-tbm, cPX
\£-{X-§Ä ]q¡p¶ ]p¶tbm s]m¶-timIw t]meptam AÃ Ihn `mh-\sb Gä-hpw IqSp-XÂ D±o-
]vXhpw D·-¯-hp-am-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv B _lp-aXn amhn\p Xs¶-bmWv (sIm-¨p-N-¡-c-¨n)
* ChnsS ]cm-aÀin-¨n-cn-¡p¶ hr£-§Ä GsXÃmw?
* Cu hr£-§-fpsS khn-ti-jX Fs´Ãmw?
* hr£-§-fpsS KpWw FSp¯p Im«p-¶-XnÂ ASn hc-bn-«n-cn-¡p¶ hm¡p-IÄ¡pÅ
Øm\w F´v?
kqN\: Aiz-°w,-N-¼-Iw,-C-e-ªn, Atim-Iw,-amhv aäv ]p¡-fnÂ \n¶pw hr£-§-fnÂ \n¶pw
]c-amÀin¨ hr£-§Ä¡p am{X-apÅ KpW-§Ä FSp¯p Im«p-¶p.
♦ IÀ¡n-SI amk-¯nse Idp¯ hmhn³ \mfnÂ BIm-i-¯n\p Xmsg Xsâ Ce-¸-SÀ¸p sIm-v
asäm-cm-Imiw krjvSn¨v an¶m-an-\p-§p-I-sf-sIm-v \£{X \n_n-U-ambn \nÂ¡p-¶Xv Bk-¶-amb
thÀ]m-Snsâ t_m[-t¯bpw thZ-\-tbbpw DÂ¡-S-am¡n XoÀ¯p. ( sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n)
* ASn-h-c-bn« ]Z-§Ä kµÀ`-¯n\p \ÂIp¶ `mjm `wKn-hy-à-am-¡pI?
* Bk-¶-amb thÀ]mSv F¶XpsIm-v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-sX´v?
* Ah-km\ \nan-j-¯nÂ t]mepw sIm¨p-N-¡-c¨n hoSp-ap-ä¯v an¶m-an-\p-§nsâ shfn¨w
\ÂIp-¶p.
* Idp-¯-hm-hn-t\m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v tcmKn-IÄ acn¡pw F¶ hnizmkw. IÀ¡n-SI amk-¯nse
ià-amb Imäpw agbpw hr£-§Ä HSn-¨p-I-f-bpw.
♦ Imte cmhp \nd¶ \nem-hmÂ Iap-In³ ]qhcn XqIn, ¯qa-bnseXn-tc-ä-§s\ \nÂ¡pw hgn-tb-þ-
sb-gp-¶Å- I-bm-tbm-W¯ - ¸- ³ (Hm-Wa
- p-ä¯
- v)
* cmhv F´mWv sN¿p-¶Xv
* F§n-s\-bpÅ hgn-bn-emWv cmhv amth-ensb FXn-tc-evIp-¶Xv?
♦ (Im-te) hftc t\cs¯ Xs¶-h¶v amth-ensb FXn-tcÂ¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th-n cmhv Im¯p
\nÂ¡p¶p.
♦ \ndª \nem-hp-sIm-v Iap-In³ ]qhcn XqInb hgn-bnÂ cmhv Im¯p-\nÂ¡p-¶p.
♦ KZy-¯n-tebpw Imhy-¯n-tebpw Imhy-mß-I-`m-K-§Ä hmbn-¨p-htÃm? Imhy-mß-I-amb ]Z {]tbm-
K-§Ä Imhy `mjsb am{X-aÃ KZy `mj-tbbpw at\m-l-c-am-¡p-¶p. Cu bq\n-änse aäv `mK-§Ä
IqSn ]cn-tim-[n¨ tijw Cu A`n-{]-b-t¯mSv \n§Ä tbmPn-¡p-¶pt-m? F´p-sIm-v F¶v hni-
Z-am-¡pI ?
{]hÀ¯\w 7
♦ “A§s\ Fs´Ãmw a{´ X{´-§Ä D]m-k-\-IÄ amhn³ Nph-«nÂ \S-¶n-cp¶p ! C¶p am§-acw
ImWm¯ Ip«n-IÄ tIc-f-¯nÂ D-m-hn-sÃ-¦nepw Ç-dª ]gb “A]-cn-jvIrX a«p-IÄ” AhÀ Adn-
bm-\n-Sb
- n-Ã.”
* teJ-I³ ChnsS ]d-bp¶ A]-cn-jvIrX a«p-IÄ Fs´Ãmw ? hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI
* CS-tÈcn tKmhn-µ³ \mb-cpsS ‘]p¯am-hns\ ¸än‘ F¶ Ihn-X-bnse Hcp `mKw H¶p sNmÃn
t\m¡p?
112
“apän hnSÀs¶mcp s]m¶n³ \nemhv
apä-¯p-sÅmcp ssXamhv
Hmfw XpÅnb kuµ-cy-§-fnþ
emtemew ap§n hc-hm-Wv,
]ps¶-Ãp-Iq«n \nd-]-d-h-¨ntÃ
]pe-cn-sb-Sp-¯ntÃ s]mÂ¯mew
\oe¡cn-¼-S-an-«ntÃ tate
shÅ hncn¨p Ign-ªntÃ?
ssXs¯-§n³ IpcÂ s]m³IpSw sh¨-XnÂ

¸q¡pe s]m«n hncn-ªntÃ?
am¼q- I - p aZn¨p ]pf- s ¨mcp
]q¦p-bnte \o ]mSote
BsIsbmcpÕh-amsI sbmcp-Õ-hþ
amIm-i¯pw Xmg¯pw!
* F´mWv Ihn-X-bnÂ ]d-bp-¶Xv ? amhv ]q¯Xnsâ DÕ-hw

* ‘sIm¨p N¡-c¨n’ F¶ teJ-\-¯nse sImXnb kam-P-¯nÂ, apäs¯ amhp-]q-¯-t¸m-gp-
- m b DÕh XnaÀ¸p- I Ä \½Ä I- p - h tÃm?. C¶s¯ Ip«n- I Ä¡v C¯- c - ¯ n- e pÅ
A\p- ` - h - § - f pt- m ?. F´p- s Im- v F¶v hni- Z - a m- ¡ pI?
{]hÀ¯\w 8
♦ sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨nbpw A½bpw X½n-epÅ_Ôw Is-¯n Ipdn-¸p-X-¿m-dm-¡p-I?
BapJ¯nÂ hniZoIcn¨n«p- v . t]Pv 101
{]hÀ¯\w 9
♦ “hnÂ¡m\p-Å-XÃ Bfp-IÄ¡v H¶pw c-pw s]dp¡n Xn¶m-\pÅXmWv Fsâ am§ F¶-Xm-bn-
cp¶p sIm¨p N¡-c-¨n-bpsS \ne”
♦ \mhp--m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ IpSpw-_-¯nse IY AhÄ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp¶p
amhv
* AhÄ BcmWv? ap¯Èn
* sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n¡v \ÂIp¶ aäv hnti-jW§Ä Fs´Ãmw ?
* sIm¨p-N¡- c
- ¨n F¶ amhnsâ khn-ti-jX- I
- Ä hni-Za
- m-¡p-¶, F.-]n.-DZ- b
- `- m-\p-hnsâ teJ\w
]cn-N-b-s¸-«p-htÃm? þ a\p-jy-t\mfw DbÀ¶v sIm¨p N¡-c¨n F¶ amhv ]SÀ¶v ]´-en-¨n-cn-¡p¶p
teJ-I³ sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n-bnÂ Is--¯nb am\p-jnI `mh-§Ä DÄs¸-Sp¯n Hcp eLp D]-\ymkw
X¿m-dm-¡pI?.
113
{]hÀ¯\w 10
“AXnt\-¡mÄ \ncp-]-{Z-h-I-c-ambn F{X hnZ-K-²-\mb Hcp acw sh«p-Im-c\pw AXns\ apdn-¨n-
Sm³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ”.
* ASn-h-c-bn« `mKw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-sX´v ?
{]hÀ¯\w 11
“hr£-§-fnÂ h¨v hr£-am-bXv amhp-X-s¶-bmWv” F¶v teJ- I ³ ]d- b p¶ sX´p- s Im- v ? .
{]hÀ¯\w 12
‘sIm¨pN-¡-c¨n’ bpambn teJ-I³ ASp¯v ]cn-N-b-s¸-«Xv Ft¸mÄ ?
{]hÀ¯\w 13
sIm¨p-N-¡-c¨n ‘Acpa¯w’ t\Snb-sX-§ns\?
{]hÀ¯\w 14
sIm¨pN¡-c-¨nsb apdn-¨p-I-f-b-W-sa¶v teJ-I\v tXm¶nb kµÀ`w GXv?
{]hÀ¯\w 15
sIm¨p-N-¡-c-¨n¡v tcmKw hcm-\n-S-bm-bXv F§ns\?
{]hÀ¯\w 16
‘HmWap-ä¯v’ F¶Ihn- X - b psS Bibw Is- ¯ mw
• HmWs¯ kzoI-cn-¡m³ Im¯p \n¶-hÀ BscÃmw ?
• ae-cn³ IqS-\n-d¨v amth-ensb Im¯p \n¶-Xmcv ?
• Zo]-¡p-än-IÄ \m«n Im¯n-cp-¶X- mcv?
• shÅn-¯m-es - a-Sp¯v HmWs¯ kzoI-cn-¡m³ \n¶-Xmcv
• \nem-hnÂ Ihp-In³ ]qhcn XqIn FXntc¡m³ hgn-bnÂ Im¯p \n¶-Xmcv?
• BÀ¸p hnfn-¨Xpw Ipc-h-bn-«Xpw BscÃmw ?
• \ofpw ae-bpsS N§e h«-bnÂ \mfw \o«n-b-Xmcv ?
{]hÀ¯\w 17
“XncnIÄ sXdp¯p sImfp-¯m-\p-ä apþ
lqÀ¯w Im¯p Ipgªp aS-§nb
Ic-hn-ct- em-sS, Zo]-¡p-än-IÄ
\m«n-bn-cn¸q \dp-ap-¡p-än-IÄ”
* Xncn-IÄ sXdp-¯X - mcv?
* Fń-\mWv Xncn-IÄ sXdp-¯Xv?
* ssIhn- c Â Ipgªp aS- § n- b - s X- ´ p- s Im- v
♦ Imhy `mKs¯ Bib `wKn hyà-am-¡pI?
114
ap¡pän sNSnbpsS ]q´-v Xncn-bmbn Ihn-Im-Wp-¶p. Xncn-sX-dp¯ Ce-IÄ sImfp-¯m-
\pÅ aplqÀ¯w Im¯n-cp¶v Ipgªp. amthen hcp-t¼mÄ I¯n-¡m³ Zo]-¡p-än-I-fp-ambn ap¡p-
än-IÄ Im¯n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
{]hÀ¯\w 18
“\ofpw ae-bpsS N§e h«-bnÂ
\mfw ]mSe hnc-emÂ \o«nbp þ
tamaÂ¡hnfp XpSp¯pw sXsÃmcp
\mW-t¯mSp ]cp-§n-sbm-cp-§nSpþ
tamW-t¡mSnbpSp-t¯m-cp-jtÊ
(Hm-W-ap-ä-¯v)
♦ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ hcn-I-fpsS Imhy-`wKn Is--¯pI ? HmWapäs¯ F¶ IhnXbpsS BapJw t]Pv 103
{]hÀ¯\w 19
‘HmWap-ä¯v’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ \mw I-Xv HmWs¯ kzoI-cn-¡m-s\m-cq-§p¶ ae-bmf \mSn-
s\-bmW-tÃm. ae-bmf \mSv HmWs¯ kzoI-cn-¨Xv F§n-s\-sbÃmw. D]-\ymkw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w 20
“ aebm-f-¯-dhm-«n¶¦-Wþ
aWn ]oT-¯n-en-cp-¯q, R§sS
sIm¨p In\m-hp-IÄ tXSn-b-e-ª-aþ
eÀ¡f sagpXn¡mt¯mccNs\ ?” (Hm-W-ap-ä-¯v)
* BcmWv Ac-N³?
* Ac-N³ F§ns\bmWv amtem-Isc Im¯Xv?
* ASn-h-c-bn« `mK¯v {]I-S-am-Ip¶ `mhw F´v?
♦ alm-_en FÃm-h-tcmSpw ka-`m-h\ ]peÀ¯n-Im-¯p.
♦ am\p-jy-sc-Ãm-hcpw H¶p-t]mse F¶ k¦Â¸w kq£n¨ alm-_-ensb \mY\mbn, cmPmhmbn
kzoI-cn-¡p¶ ae-bm-fn-IÄ. alm_entymSp ImWn¡p¶ Bcm[\bpw _lpam\hpw ChnsS ImWmw.
“Acpa-bn-tem-W¸ - m-«p-IÄ ]mSn
s¸cp- h gn Xm- p w tIh- e - s c- s ¸mgp
ac-h-bÀ ]«nWn s]«-hÀ Iodnþ
¸g-In-b-Iqd ]pX-¨-hÀ R§Ä
\c-bpsS aªp-IÄ Nn¶nb R§sS Ac-h-bÀ ]«n-Wn-¡mÀ hr²À
Xe-I-fnÂ a§nsbmXp-§n-bn-cn¸q Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ
\nc-h[n ]pcp-jm-bp-Ên-¶¸ - pd HmWw \ÂIp¶ kt´m-jhpw
amfnsbm tcmW-s¸m³ Inc-W-§Ä” {]Xo-£bpw
HmW¸m-«p-IÄ þ sshtem-¸nÅn
* HmW¸m«p-]mSn s]cp-h-gn-Xm--p-¶-hÀ F§ns\ DÅ-hc - mWv?
* Ch-cpsS Xe-bnÂ a§n HXp§n Ccn-¡p-¶Xv F´v?
115
HmWw Ft¸mgpw FÃm-h-cnepw Ds--¦nepw km[m-c-W-¡m-cmWv HmWs¯ icn¡pw BtLm-jn-
¨n-cp-¶Xv.
♦ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ c-v IhnXm `mK-§fpw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv hni-I-e\ Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI?
{]hÀ¯\w 21
“............. \mS³ þ ]pÅp-h³ Ihn Xs¶-bmWv. hoW
Ihn-X-IÄ ]mSn-bn-cn¡pw Nmtc Ie, kwkv¡mcw, kmln-Xyw, kwKo-
Rm\pw I¿nse hoW-s¸®pw Xw, XpS-§n-b-hsb kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p.
tIc-f-¯nse FÃm apJ-ap-{Z-I-fnepw
* Rm³ BcmWv þ ]pÅp- h sâ Ic- k v ] Ài- a p- - v .
* ‘hoW’ F¶Xp sIm- v AÀ°- a m- ¡ p- ¶ Xv F´v ?
* ]pÅp-h³ sN¿p¶ Imcy-§Ä Fs´Ãmw F¶v ]mT-`m-K-¯p-\n¶v Is-¯n Fgp-XpI
{]hÀ¯\w 22
“]ga-bn-en-gbpw ]Ãp-sIm-gn-sªmcp
]m«m-sW¶p ]gn-¡m-an¶p ]þ
cnjv¡m-c-¯n³ Xn®-bn-ep-Å-hÀ
]g-tam-S-cnbpw ]¸-Shpw Xþ
¶mhXp thK-a-b-b-¡m³ t\m¡mw
Ch-c-dn-bp-¶o-se-¶-`n-am\w!”
• ]cn-jv¡m-c-¯n³ Xn®bn-ep-Å-hÀ BcmWv ?

• ‘Ch-c-dn-bp-¶o-se-¶-`n-am\w’ þ ]cn-jv¡m-cn-IÄ ‘]gn¡p’ t¼mgpw ]pÅp-h\v A]-am\w CÃmsX
A`n- a m\w tXm¶p¶ sX´p- s Im- v ?
• ‘]Ãp sImgnsªmcq ]m«v’ F¶p ]d- b p- ¶ - s X´p sIm- m hmw ?
• HmW k¦Â¸w amdp¶Xns\ Ipdn¨v Cu hcn-I-fnÂ ]cm-aÀi-apt-m?
♦ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ hcn-bpsS Imhy-`wKn hyà-am-¡p-I?
BapJw hni- Z o- I - c n- ¡ p- ¶ p- v t]Pv 102
* \mS³ kwkvIrXn \evInb DÄ¡-cp¯v

* {Kmao-W-X-bpsS taÂ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS A[n-\n-thiw
* ]g-b-Xp-IÄ FÃmw amän ]pXn-b-Xnte-¡pÅ a\p-jysâ IpXn-¸v.......
116
{]hÀ¯\w 23
‘HmWhnÃp sIm«n-\½ - sf-{X-h«- w-]mSn
HmÀ½-If - nÂ hmgp-sam-cm-a¶
- h
- s- \-]än
t]mcn-eÃ NXn-bnÂ hoW ip²-X-sb-]än
t]mbvad- ª \·-IÄX³ D×-Is - f-¸än’
Hm.F³.-hn. þ HmW-¸m-«p-IÄ
♦ Hm.-F³.-hn.-bpsS hcn-Ifnse Bibw þ
{]hÀ¯\w 22 Â \ÂInb hcnIfpambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn-s¸-gp-XpI?
{]hÀ¯\w 24
Bkzm-Z\w X¿m-dm-¡pI?
1) “A¯w ]peÀ¶p hnSÀ¶p-Im-WpI
apä¯p ]q¡- f - a n- « n- S t- ?
apäp·mlZ-¯n-t¶mW \mfmbv
apä-an-Ãm¯ \mw F´p-sN¿pw
Ggmw \nebnse hmS-I-¡mÀ
HmW-s¯-sb-§ns\ kzoI-cn¡pw” ?
‘^vfmänse HmWw’ þ s\Sp-apSn lcn-Ip-amÀ
2) “Hcp sNSnbpw \«p-h-fÀ¯oþ
temW¸q sh§s\ \qÅm³
Hcp hbepw ]q«n-hn-Xö
temWt¨msd§ns\bp®m³
Hcp hmg-¡¶pw \«o
temW-¸g- s - a-§ns\ Xn¶m³
Hcp Ipgn \qÂt]mepw \qäoþ
temW ¯pWn-sb-§n-s\-bW - n-bm³
Hcp Ic-fnÂ kvt\lw]mIo
temW-¡f - n-sb´p Ifn-¡m³þ
DÅ-¯nÂ IÅ-¡À¡-S,þ
sa§ns\ t]mt¶mWw ]pe-cm³”
HmWw 1987 F³.-hn.-IrjvWh- m-cyÀ
{]hÀ¯\w 25
1) tImgnbpw Ing-hnbpw F¶ IY-bnse IYm ]m{X-§Ä BscÃmw?
{]hÀ¯\w 26
þ “B ]qh³ tImgn Hcp hn¹hw Agn-¨p-hn«p B cm{Xn AXp a¯m-bn-bpsS Xe-t¨m-dn-\-I¯p
NnI-bp-Ibpw am´p-Ibpw Nn¡n-s]-dp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp”. X¶ncn¡p¶ `mKs¯ ap³\nÀ¯n
kµÀ`hpw kmaq-lnI {]k-ànbpw hyà-am-¡pI?
117
-þ “A§s\ apI-fnÂ \n¶p Iotgm-«qÀ¶n-d-§p¶ aÀt¡mkpw Xmsg \n¶p tatem«p hf-cp¶
a¯m-bnbpw AbÂ¡m-cmbn ]mÀ¯p”þ
þ “aÀt¡mkn\v Øew \jvS-s¸-Sp¶p. IpSpw_ {]mcm_v[w þ-- a¯mbn Øew hm§p¶p þ
]W-¡m-c-\m-Ip-¶p.
a¯m-bn-bp-tSbpw aÀt¡m-kn-tâbpw PohnX kml-Ncyw hyà-am-¡pI ?
þ“aÀt¡mkv ]nSn-¡p¶ `mK-¯nsâ FXncp ]nSn-¡pI F¶Xv a¯m-bn-bpsS {hX-ambn”
þCu h¿-mth-en-bnÂ \n¶v Xe-h-en-¡m³ a¯m-bn- Iptd]mSps]tS--n-h¶p.
♦ apI-fnÂ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ {]tXy-I-X-I-tfm-sSm¸w ]mT-`m-K¯p ]cm-aÀin-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä IqSn
DÄs¸-Sp¯n a¯m-bn, aÀt¡mkv F¶o IYm-]m-{X-§sf Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w 26
“a¯mbn-sbmt-m Cu Iq«-¯nÂ! Ah-t\m-sSm¶p ]d-tª, Fsâ ssIbnÂ ]nSn¨v hS-t¡-
Xntes¡m¶p sIm-pt- ]m-Im³. Rm\-hn-sS-s¡-S¶p Nt¯mfmw \µn-sI« Cu hwi-¯nsâ IqsS F\n¡p
Ign-bm³ tae”
“aIs\ aqSp-ad- ¡- c - pXv” A¶p Rm\o \m«nse tIa-·m-tcm-sSms¡ sI©n-bn«v Hcp amSw h¨ sIS-
¡m-\mcpw k½-Xn-¨n-Ã. Cu then-¡-I¯p Imse-Sp¯p Ip¯n-bXp apXem ]jvWn Is¨m-gn-ªXv”.
a¯m-bn-bpsS A½-bpsS \Ã a\Êv \mw I-p-h-tÃm.
“I®pÅ-hÀs¡ms¡
I®o- c p- - m Ipw
]s£ I®p-Åh - s - cÃmw
I®ocv ImWm-dnÃ
AXp-Im-Wm³ I®Ã
lrZ- b - a mWv th- X v ''
]n.-sI.-]m-d¡- S- hv
♦ a¯mbnbpsS A½-bpsS \Ã a\-Êns\ ]n.-sI.-]m-d¡ - S- h
- nsâ IY-bnse Bi-bh
- p-ambn tNÀ¯v h¨v
IYbv¡v Hcp Bkzm-Z\ - ¡- p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI? Cu IYbv¡v A\ptbmPyamb Hcp ioÀjIw \ÂIpI.
{]hÀ¯\w 27
“Basb Np«mepw ae-¯n-Np-SWw” þ
]g-s©mÃv hyJym-\n-¡pI
“F¶ph-¨mÂ Xm³ hfÀ¯nb Ba-bn-d¨n Xn¶p-Ibpw thWw

H¶ns\ sImÃm-\pÅ {]bmkw F¶mÂ Ba¡v thZ-\n-¡p-Ibpw
AXp InS¶p ]nS-bv¡p-¶Xp ImWpI sN¿-cpXv þ a\p-jy-a-t\m-`mhw
Ak-l-\o-b-am-Wv..............
.........-A-Xp-sIm-v hÃ-hcpw sIm¶p-X-cp-¶Xv
Hcp henb klm-b-am-Wv”.
(tIm-gnbpw Ing-hnbpw)
118
1) “\À½¯n-tâbpw kmaq-lnI hnaÀi-\¯
- n-tâbpw Fgp-¯p-Im-c\
- mWv ImcqÀ” þ tImgnbpw Ing-hn-bpw
ap³\nÀ¯n {]Xn-Ic
- Ww X¿m-dm-¡pI?
{]hÀ¯\w 28
h¿m-then/aqSp-ad- ¡
- pI/Xe-he
- n-¡p-Iþ
Cu hm¡p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v AÀ° ]qÀ®X hcpw hn[w hmIyw \nÀ½n-¡pI?
{]hÀ¯\w 29
“`mcX-¯nsâ \thm-°m-\¯- n\v A]-cn-XymPy-ambn XoÀ¶ Hcp IÀ½ ]cn-]m-Sn-bmWv A[-xIrX
hÀt¤m-²m-cWw. B[p-\nI Imes¯ [À½ Øm]-\-¯n-\pÅ amÀ¤hpw AXm-Ip¶p” þ
({io\m-cm-bW- K- pcp)
A[xIrX-hÀt¤m-²m-cWw F¶-Xp-sIm-v Dt±-in-¡p-¶Xv F´v?.
hml\ kuI-cy-an-Ãm-¯-Xn-
\mÂ BZn-hmkn bphXn
hgn-bnÂ {]k-hn-¨p.
A«-¸mSn inip-a-cW \nc¡v IqSm³
ImcWw t]mj- I m- l - m c¡p- d - h mWv
CSnªp hngm- d mb
F¶v \nK-a\w.
ho«nÂ hr² NnInÕ
In«msX hnjan¡p-¶p.
Ch ASp-¯-Ime¯v ]{X-§-fnÂ h¶ hmÀ¯-bpsS ioÀj-I§-fm-Wv.

* Cu hmÀ¯-I-Ä FÃmw hncÂ Nq-p-¶Xv GXp Imcy-¯n-te-¡m-Wv.
♦ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ ‘A[xIrX-hÀt¤m-[m-cWw’ F¶ IÀ½-]-²-Xn¡v C¡m-e¯pw hfsc
{]k- à n- b p- v þ kaÀ°n- ¡ p- I ?
{]hÀ¯\w 30
“Xsâ tbmK iàn-tbbpw Úm\-i-àn-tbbpw At±lw B[ymßnI aÞ-e-¯nÂ AS¨p ]q«n
kq£n-¡msX euInI Xe-¯n-te¡pw {]k-cn-¸n¨p” ....
♦ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨v teJ-Isâ Is--¯Â \mw hmbn-¨p-htÃm? CXns\ km[q-I-cn-¡m-
\p-X-Ip¶ Bi-b-§Ä ]mT-`m-K-¯p-\n¶pw Is-¯n Fgp-Xp-I?.
{]hÀ¯\w 31
♦ {io \mcm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ GI temI-k-¦Â¸w C¶s¯ Ime¯v F{X-am{Xw {]k-à-am-Wv.
FUntämdnbÂ X¿mdm¡Â
119
“temIta Xd-hmSv X\n¡o sNSn-Ifpw
]pÂIfpw ]pgp-¡fpw IpSn X³ IpSpw-_-¡mÀ”
‘hkpss[h IpSpw-_Iw’
‘`qanbpsS Ah-Im-in-IÄ’ F¶n§s\ temI
P\-Xb- v¡n-Sb
- n-te¡v IS-¶p-h¶ GI-temI k¦Â¸w.
{]hÀ¯\w 32
“PmXn H¶m- s W- ¶ p- Å Xn\v sXfn- s hm¶pw th- t Ãm. Hcp ]«n thsdmcp ]«nsb I- m Â
AXnsâ kz´w PmXn-bm-sW¶p a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶p. FÃm arK-§Ä¡pw Cu hI-Xn-cn-hp--v. AX-\p-k-
cn¨v Pohn-¡p-¶p-ap-v a\p-jyÀ¡p-am{Xw kwi-bw, kz´w PmXn Xncn-¨dnbm\pÅ iàn-bn-Ã. arK-
§-tf-¡mfpw tamiw” þ({io\m-cm-bW Kpcp)
♦ PmXn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ a\p-jy-cpsS at\m-`m-h-¯n-te-¡mWv taÂ kqNn-¸n¨ hcn-IÄ hncÂ Nq-p-

¶-Xv. kaÀ°n-¡p-I.?
{]hÀ¯\w 35
“]eaX kmchp taI-sa¶p ]mcmþ
Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e-Ô-sc-¶-t]mse
]e-hn-[-bpàn ]dªp ]ma-c-·mþ
ce-bp-h-tXmÀ¯-e-bm-Xn-cp-¶n-tSWw” þ ({io\m-cm-bWKp-cp)
AÔ-KP-\ymbw Fs´¶v hyà-am-¡pI?

(AÔ-·mÀ KPs¯ I--Xp-t]mse A]qÀ®-amb ImgvN)
ka-Im-enI kaq-l-¯nÂ Kpcp-hnsâ aX-t¯m-SpÅ ImgvN-¸mSv F{X-am{Xw {]k-à-amWv?. apI-

fnÂ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ Bi-b-§Ä IqSn DÄs¸-Sp¯n Hcp {]`m-jWw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
♦ \nemhv s]¿p¶ \m«phgnIÄ F¶ bqWnäv ioÀjI¯nsâ HuNnXyw Is-¯n hniZam¡pI?
]mT`mKs¯ Bib§Ä DÄs¸Sp¯Ww.
120
bqWn‰v ˛ 3
hm°pIƒ hnScp∂
]pecnIƒ
a\p-jy-a-\-Ênsâ ià-amb Bhn-jv¡-cW am[y-a-amWv `mj. hm¡p-IÄ¡v hmfn-s\-¡mÄ
aqÀ¨- b p- v A- K v - \ n- s b- ¡ mÄ {]Im- i hp- a p- - v . Xo£v - W - a m- W - X v .
hyXykvX A´: tNmZ-\-I-sfbpw sshIm-cn-Imw-i-§-sfbpw Bhn-jv¡-cn-t¡-n hcp-t_mÄ
hm¡p-IÄ IqSp-XÂ Icp-¯mÀÖn-¡p-¶p.
\m¡mw RmWnÂ hogmsX \S¡mw

hm¡mw hÀ®-¡pS NqSn þ F¶v apÃt\gnbpw
hm¡n-t\mfw Xq¡-anÃo
Du¡³ `qanbv¡v t]mepta þ F¶v Ipªp-®n-amjpw
hms¡sâb½bpw a-Ñ\ - p-am-Ip¶p
hm¡n³ hncÂ Xq§nbtÃm \S-¡p-¶pþ F¶p hn.-a[ - p-kq-[\ - ³ \mbcpw ]mSp-t¼mÄ hm¡nsâ
at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw iànbpw sshIm-cn-IX - bpw \ap¡v A\p-`h- t- `-Zy-am-Ip-¶p. GIm-´X- b
- nÂ A\p-kvac
- n-
¡-s¸-Sp¶ hnIm-c-§Ä B-hn-jv¡-cn-¡m³ hm¡p-IÄ kmln-Xy-cq]w ssIsIm-Åp¶p AXv IY-tbm,
Ihn-Xt- bm, \mS-It- amþ GXp-am-Imw.
Ah A\p-hm-NI lrZ-bs¯ DWÀ¯p-Ibpw kzm\p-`h - §
- f - p-ambn XmZm-ßo-Ic - W
- ¯
- n\v X¿m-dm-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p¶p F¶-XmWv hm¡p-IÄ hnS-cp¶ ]pe-cn-IÄ F¶Xp sIm-v AÀY-am-¡p-¶-Xv.
]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bnse {it²b Fgp-¯p-Im-c³ C. kt´m-jvIp-am-dnsâ ‘]Wbw-’þF¶ IY, hn.
a[p-kq-Z-\³ \mb-cpsS A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ þF¶ Ihn-X, kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡m-Snsâ ]{X-\o-Xn-
þ-F¶ teJ-\-`mKw þ Cu bqWn-änÂ DÄs¡m-Ån-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p, cN-\-I-fnse Pohn-X-ap-lqÀ¯-§Ä,
sshIm-cn-Imw-i-§Ä F¶nh A]-{K-Yn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw cN-\-I-fnÂ \n¶pw Bi-b-§Ä, {]tbm-K-k-hn-
ti-j-X-IÄ, sshIm-co-I-X,-`m-h-\mwiw F¶nh Is-¯n hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw am[y-a-§Ä þ
]{Xw, tdUn-tbmþ hyàn-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-¯n-sâbpw ssZ\w-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-¯nÂ F{X-am{Xw
kzm[o\w sNep-¯p¶p sh¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, \h-km-aq-ln-I-am-[ya taJ-e-bnÂ sNep-
¯p¶ kzm[o\w Is--¯p-¶-Xn\pw Cu bqWnäv {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
]mT-`m-K§
- f
- n-eqsS
bqWn-än\v {]th-i-I-ambn \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡-cpsS X¯½ F¶ Ihn-X-bnse
hcn-I-fm-Wv.
\·- I Ä tI«Xp I- X p sNmÃm³
\m¡n\v Ign-bs«
Xn·- I Ä I- m Â sIm¯n- ¡ o- d m³
sIm¡n\v Ign-b-s«.
121
-Ihn-bpsS Biw-k-bm-Wn-Xv. ka-Im-eoI kmaq-lnI ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ \ap-¡n-Xn\v Ign-bp-¶pt-m?.
NÀ¨-bn-eqsS hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b-¯n-se¯n tNcp-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb eLp tNmZy-§Ä \ÂIp-¶p.
* X¯ tI«Xv BhÀ¯n-¡pI am{Xw sN¿p-¶p.
* Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnÂ \· am{X-aÃ Xn·-bp-ap--v.
* Xn·-tbmSv tNÀ¶v \nÂ¡pI Ffp-¸-am-Wv.
* Xn·-b-s¡-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-¡m\pw \·-bpsS hàm-hm-Im\pw XymK-§Ä kln-t¡--n-hcpw
- -þ Ihn Biw-kn-bv¡p-¶-sX´v ?
þ \Ã-sX¶v tIÄ¡p-¶Xpw ImWp-¶Xpw \· am{X-amtWm?
þ Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnÂ \· ZÀin-bv¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bp-¶pt-m?
þ Xn·sb sIm¯n- ¡ o- t d- - X v þ Bcv ?
-þ Cu hcn-I-fnÂ \n¶v \n§Ä¡v e`n¨ Bibw eLp Ipdn-¸mbn Fgp-Xp-I.
t{ImUo-I-cWw
\·-Xn-·-Isf XymPyþ {Kmly-hn-th-N\ _p²ntbmsS kao-]n-bv¡m-\pÅ BÀÖhw \ap-¡p-

-m-IWw a\-ÊnÂ \·-bpÅ hÀ¡v am{Xta Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnÂ \·-ZÀin-bv¡phm\pw AXp-ds¡
]d- b p- h m\pw km[nbv ¡ q. \·bv ¡ p th- n \ne- s Im- t Å- - h - c mWv \½Ä.
Adn-bm³
A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡À
B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fnÂ {it²-b³
ae-bm-f-¯nse ‘\ho\ Ihn-X-bpsS BNm-cy³’ þF¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
P\-\wþ 1930þÂ Ip«-\m-«nse Imhm-e¯v
{]hÀ¯-\-ta-Je þ Ihn, \ncq-]-I³, A[ym-]-I³
{][m-\-Ir-Xn-IÄ þ Ipcp-t£-{Xw, IpSpw-_-]p-cmWw,ar-Xyp-h-Ip-¶p, Aán-]qP, A¿-¸-]-Wv¡-
cpsS Ihn-X-IÄ (3 `mK-§Ä) A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡-cpsS teJ-\-§Ä (K-f-k-am-lm-cw) XpS-§n-b-h.
]pc-kv¡m-c-§Äþ tIcf kmln-Xy-A-¡m-Zan AhmÀUv, tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUv,
hb-emÀ AhmÀUv, HmS-¡p-gÂ AhmÀUv, hÅ-t¯mÄ ]pc-kv¡mcw
acWw þ 2006Â
]Wbw
sNdp-IY þ C.-k-t´mjv IpamÀ
B[p-\nI Fgp-¯p-Im-cnÂ {it²-b-\mb C.-k-t´mjv Ipam-dnsâ Krlm-Xp-c-X-bp-WÀ¯p¶
at\m-lc krjvSn-bmW ‘]Wbw þ’ F¶ sNdp-I-Y. 1970 IfnÂ \½psS {Kma-§-fnÂ tdUn-tbmþ F¶
D]-I-cWw sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. A¡m-e¯v tdUntbm D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶
a\p-jyÀ¡v AsXmcp hkvXp-þ(-D-]-I-c-Ww) am{X-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AX-h-cpsS Pohn-Xs¯ {Iao-I-cn-¨p.
kab {Ias¯ Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯n. hmÀ¯-Ifpw, bph-hm-Wnbpw _me-a-Þ-ehpw \mS-I-§fpw i_vZ-tc-
Jbpw {ioe-¦{- ]-t£-]W
- h
- pwþ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X¯
- nsâ sshIm-cn-Imw-i§
- f
- mbv amdn kz´-ambn tdUntbm
CÃm-¯-hÀ DÅn-S-t¯-b¡v ImtXmÀ¯p, ]m«p-sIm-pw IY-IÄ sIm-pw ZpÊ-l-amb Pohn-Xm-h-Ø-
122
Isf eLq-I-cn-bv¡m³ klm-bn¨ tdUntbm þ a\p-jyÀ¡v D]-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ; km´z-\hpw {]Xo-
£bpw \evIp¶ Hcp kplrt¯m AXn-e-¸p-dtam Bbn-cp-¶p.
Adn-bm³
hfsc hÀj-§Ä¡v ap¼v IYm-Im-csâ Ip«n-Im-es¯ Hcp shfp-¸m³ Ime¯v Hcp a[y-h-
bkv¡ apjnª tXmÀ¯p-ap--nÂ s]mXnªv lrZ-b-t¯mSv ASp¡n kq£n¨v Hcp s]mXnbp-ambn
\Sp-¶p. hgn-bnÂ I--h-tcmSv hÃm¯ ]cn-{`-a-t¯msS AhÀ Ft´m Bcm-ªp. B ap-jnª tXmÀ¯v
hfsc {i²-tbmsS Xpd¶v ImWn-¨p. ]ndIv hi¯v Hcp Ip«n-bpsS Nn{X-apÅ aÀ^n tdUntbm Bbn-
cp¶p AXv. PohnX {]mcm-_v[-§Ä ZpÊ-l-am-b-t¸mÄ AhÀ Xsâ Pohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-amb tdUntbm
]Wbw hbv¡p-hm-\mbv Cd-§n-¯n-cn-¨-Xm-Wv. Cu kw`-hw. Gsd-¡m-e-¯n\v tijw IY-bmbn Bhn-
jv¡-cn-bv¡p-I-bmWv kt´mjv IpamÀ sNbvX-Xv.
Zcn-{Z\pw X¿Â¡m-c\ - p-amb Nm¡p-®nbpw k¼-¶\pw kzÀ®-]W - b- ¡ - m-c\
- p-amb sN¼p-a¯
- m-
bnbpw ]ndIv hi¯v Ip«n-bpsS ]S-apÅ Hcp aÀ^n tdUn-tbm-bp-amWv CXnse {][m\ IYm]m{X-§Ä.
Bdm«v Ip¶v F¶ {Kma-amWv IY-bpsS ]Ým-¯-ew. \mSnsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse BZy-kw-`-h-am-bn-cp¶p
Nm¡p-®n-bpsS tdUn-tbm. Ietb kvt\ln-¡p-Ibpw am\p-jnI aqey-§Ä¡v hne IÂ¸n-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p¶ AbmÄ Gsd XymK-§Ä kln-¨mWv B tdUntbm kz´-am-¡p-¶X - v. {ItaW AXnse ]cn-]m-
Sn-IÄ Abm-fpsS Pohn-X¯ - nsâ Xmf-ambn amdp-¶p. Pohn-X¯
- nsâ `mK-ambn Xocp-¶p. \mSnsâ BkzmZ\
am[y-aa
- mbn hf-cp-¶p.
F¶mÂ PohnXw {]h-N\ - §
- Ä¡[o-Xa- mWv Nm¡p-®n-bpsS Ipªnsâ NnIn-ÕmÀ°w Ipªn-
s\-t¸mse IcpXnb B tdUntbm AbmÄ¡v, sN¼p a¯m-bnbv¡v ]Wbw sht¡-- Xmbn hcp-¶p.
Iesb kvt\ln-¡p-Itbm am\p-jnI aqey-§Ä¡v {]m[m\yw IÂ¸n-¡p-Itbm sN¿m¯ sN¼p
a¯m-bnbv¡v tdUntbm Hcp hkvXp am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. tdUntbm \jvS-am-Ip-¶-tXmsS Nm¡p-®n-bpsS
sXmgn-ensâ Xmfw sXäp-¶p. aIsâ thÀ]m-SnÂ Nm¡p®n Bizkw tXSp-¶Xv ]Wb apX-emb
tdUn tbmbnse ‘_mea-Þe’ ¯nemWv.
i_vZhpw Zriyhpw H¶p-t]mse A\p-`hthZy-am-¡m³ ‘]Wb’¯n\v Ign- b p- ¶ p- - v . am[y- a -
§Ä Adnhpw BZ-chpw am{X-aÃ; Bizmkhpw \ÂIp¶p F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhpw \ÂIp-¶p-v Cu IY.
ià-amb Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-§Ä Xo£v-W-ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-hm-\pÅ `mj-bpsS km-[yX ]c-am-h[n
{]tbm-P\s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p IYm-Im-c³. B ]gbIme {KmaoW \·bpw A - X - p-ambn _Ô-s¸« PohnX
kµÀ`-§fpw A\p-hm-NI a\-ÊnÂ DWÀ¯m³ ]cym-]vX-am-Wn-Xnsâ cN\mcoXn.
{]hÀ¯\w 1
]Wbw
]mT-hm-b\
Bi-b-{K-l-W-¯n-\p-]-I-cn-¡p¶ eLp tNmZy-§fpw D¯-chpw Is--¯p-I.
1) sN¼p-a-¯m-bn-bpsS ASp-t¯bv¡v Nm¡p®n Xncn¨p h¶-Xnsâ ImcWw ?.
þ]-Wb apX-emb tdUntbm Ipªp-§sf t\m¡pw-t]mse t\m¡Ww F¶v HmÀ½n-¸n-bv¡m³
2) AXn\v sN¼p-a-¯mbn \evIp¶ adp-]Sn F´v?.
123
þ Xsâ Ip«n-Isf Xm³ XÃn-bmWv; Xtem-en-¨Ã hfÀ¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv.
3) tdUntbm \jvS-s¸« Nm¡p-®n-sb IYm-Ir¯v Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-§s\?.
- þ sXmgn-ensâ Xmfw sXän.
þ Af-hp-IÄ sXän¨v DSp¸v Xp¶n.
þ sXän-b-Sn-¨Xv \qe-gn-s¨-Sp-t¡--n-h-¶p.
þ XpWn-I-fn-eqsS I{XnI sXän k©-cn-¨p.
þ FtXm Hcp ]m«n-\mbn AbmÄ ImtXmÀ¯p.
þ a\-Ênse \mS-I-¯nÂ \n¶pw GsX-Ãmtam IYm-]m-{X-§Ä kwkm-cn-¨p.
-þ Bfp-IÄ Xn§n-\n-d-ª-t¸mgpw hÃm¯ GIm-´X A\p-`-h-s¸«p
4) tdUntbm kz´-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v Nm¡p®n kln¨ XymK-§Ä Fs´Ãmw?.
-þA-[nI kab A[zm\w
þ ]Xn-hp-io-e-§Ä Dt]-£n¨p
þA-Xym-h-iy-Im-cy-§Ä t]mepw amän-h-¨p.
þB-ßo-b-Im-cy-§Ä \o«n-h-¨p.
5) Nm¡p-®n-bpsS tdUntbm Bdm«v Ip¶nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nÂ Hcp kw`hw Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶pþ F¶v
IY-Ir¯v ]d-bp-¶p. ImcWw?.
þA-I-se-bp-Å-hÀ t]mepw tdUntbm tIÄ¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p.
þX-¿Â¡-S-bnÂ Xnc¡v hÀ²n-bv¡p-¶p.
þ hgn-bm-{X-bv¡n-S-bnÂ tdUntbm {i²n-bv¡p-¶-hÀ
þ Nm¡p-®n-sb ]n³ XpS-cp-¶-hÀ
6) tdUntbm `b-¶n-cp¶ A]qÀÆw NneÀ þ Bcm-bn-cn¡pw?.
7) tdUntbm ]Wbw hbv¡p-t¼mÄ Nm¡p-®nsb Ae-«n-bn-cp¶ Nn´-IÄ Fs´Ãmw?.
þPohn-X-¯nÂ \n¶v Hcp `mKw ]dn-¨p-am-änbXpt]mse
þtd-Un-tbmþ sN¼p a¯mbn FhnsS kq£n¡pw
þa-¨n-tebv¡v hen-s¨-dn-bptam?.
þ s]mSn Ib-dptam?.
þ Fen-IÄ Ic-fptam?.
þF¶v Xncn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
8) _me-a-Þew tIÄ¡-W-sa¶v Nm¡p®n B{K-ln-¨-sX´p sIm-v?.
-þ _me-a-WvUew aI\v CjvS-am-bn-cp-¶p.
þ _me-a-WvU-e-¯nÂ Ip«n-IÄ ]mSp-Ibpw Nncn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
þho«nÂ BÀ¡pw AXn\v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã.
þ_m-e-a-Þew Nm¡p-®nbv¡v Bizmkw \ÂIp-¶p.
þ tdUntbm þ Adnhv am{X-aÃ; Bizm-khpw \ÂIp-¶p.
{]hÀ¯\w 2
khn- t ij {]tbm- K - § Ä Is- - ¯ p- I .
{]tbm-K§- f
- psS AÀY-Xe- §
- Ä hymJym-\n-¡p-I.
124
]Wbw F¶ sNdp-IY lrZb kv]Àinbpw Bib k¼p-jvShpw A\p-`h thZy-hp-am-Ip-¶-
Xn\v IYm-Ir¯v [mcmfw khn-tij {]tbm-K-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
DZ: Nm¡p-®n-bpsS X¿-ensâ cm{Xn-IÄ \o-p. Cu {]tbm-K-¯n-eqsS IYm-Ir¯v AÀY-am-¡p-¶-
sX´v?.
* Nm¡p®n Gsd sshInbpw X¿Â tPmen-bnÂ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p.
* ]IÂ ka-b-¯pÅ A[ym\w sIm-v am{Xw PohnXsNe-hp-IÄ \nd-th-äm³ Nm¡p-®nbv¡v
km[n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã-þ-C-¯cw hni-Zmw-i-§-fn-eqsS Bibw t{ImUo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
cm]-I-en-Ãm¯ A[zm\w
Pohn-X-{]m-cm-_v[-§-fpsS B[nIyw
IqSp-XÂ {]tbm-K-§Ä ]mT`mK¯v \n¶v Is-¯n Ah-bpsS AÀ°-X-e-§Ä hymJym-\n-¡p-I.
1) “aq¶v ]Xn- ä m- - p - I - f mbn ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb Pohn-X-km-l-Ncyw

\qep tImÀ¯v Ipgn-ªp- Nm¡p-®n-bpsS sXmgnÂ, Zb-\ob cq]w
t]mb I®p-IÄ”þ
sXmgn-enepw kzÀ®-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Adn-
2) “Nmt¡mcp am¹bv¡v hnepw Nmt¡mcp am¹ kaÀ°-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
kzÀ®w tNmtc- s em- - m À¶p” .
3) “a\knsâ \mS-I-¯nÂ \n¶pw GsX-Ãmtam IYm ]m{X-§Ä H¨-sb-Sp¯p kwkm-cn-¨p. Npäpw

\nc-h[n Bfp-I-fp--m-bn-cp-¶n«pw ]d-ª-dn-bn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Htc-Im-´X Abmsf hebw sNbvXp”
.td-Untbm ]W-bs - ¸-Sp-¯nb Nm¡p-®n-bpsS am\-Ên-Im-hØ
- .
. X\n-¨m-sb¶ tXm¶Â
. a\-Ênsâ Akz-ØX
. sXmgn-ensâ Xmfw sXäp-¶p.
4) “an¡hmdpw {Zhn¨ dºÀ sNcp-¸n«v BWn-_m-[n¨ Imep-IÄ a®n-eqsS Xg-¼p-sIm-v

t\m¡msX \S¶p” þ
.Zm-cn{Zyw
.A-\m-tcmKyw
.\n-Êl - m-bX
{]hÀ¯\w 3
Ipdn¸v X¿m-cm-¡pI
þ Nm¡p-®n-bpsS Pohn-X-km-l-Ncyw ?.
-þ Nm¡p-®n-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ tdUn-tbmbv¡v D-m-bn-cp¶ Øm\w ?
125
-þ tdUntbm kz´-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Nm¡p®n \S-¯nb {ia-§Ä þ XymKw,_p-²n-ap-«p-IÄ
þ tdUntbm {]t£-]-W-§Ä¡\p-kr-X-ambn {Iao-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ PohnXw
þ tdUntbm ]Wbw hbv¡p-¶-tXmsb Pohn-X-¯n-sâbpw sXmgn-en-sâbpw Xmfw \jvS-s¸-Sp-¶p.
þtd- U ntbm Ip«n- I - t f- t ¸mse kq£n- t ¡- - X m- s W¶ Nm¡p- ® n- b psS Is- - ¯ Â
þP-\-a-[y-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶n«pw A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp¶ GIm-´-X.
þa-Isâ \jvS-¯nÂ ‘_me-a-Wvke’ ¯nÂ Bizmkw sImÅp-¶-Xv.
XpS-§nb Bi-b-§Ä Ip«n-I-fpsS Nn´-bn-tebv¡v sIm-p-h-cp-¶p.
Nm¡p-®nbpw tdUntbmbpw X½nÂ D-m-bn-cp-¶Xv hkvXphpw hyànbpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw am{X-
am-bn-cpt¶m?. AXn-\-¸pdw sshIm-cnIamb Hc-Sp¸w Nm¡p-®nbpw tdUn-tbmbpw X½n-ep--m-bn-
cpt¶m?.
NÀ¨ þ NÀ¨m Ipdn¸v t{ImUo-I-cWw
Nm¡p-®nbpw tdUn-tbmbpw X½nÂ hyànbpw hkvXphpw X½n-epÅ tIh-e-_-Ô-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
tdUn-tbmbpw aI\pw Nm¡p-®nbv¡v H¶p-Xs¶ Bbn-cp-¶p. AXpsIm--mWv tdUntbm Ipªp-
§sf t¸mse kq£n-t¡-- Xm-sW¶v ]d-bp-¶Xpw aIsâ \jvS-¯nÂ _me-a-Þew tI«v Biz-
kn-¡p-¶Xpw XnI¨pw ]cym-]vX-amb `mjmssienbpw {]tbm-K-§-fp-amWv IYm-Im-c³ kzoI-cn-¨n-
«p-Å-Xv. IYm ]m{X-¯nsâ A\p-`-h-Xew A\p-hm-N-I\pw A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-¶p--v.
{]hÀ¯\w 4
“Cu tdUntbmw ]mt«zs¡ C\n-¡{X ]nSp-¯Ãym a\p-jysc sa\-s¡-Sp-¯m³ Hmtcm
GÀ¸m-tSmfv Bt\cw hÃ ]Wn FSp-¯mÂ \mev Imiv-m¡mw” þ
“]WySp-¡p-¼fpw tdUntbm tIÄ¡mw aq¸-tc, Rm\-§-\ymÀ¶p.-X-bv¡W ka-b¯v ]m«pw
\mSIw, i_vZ-tcJ Hs¡. _«¬ Xp¶pt¼m {]mtZ-inI hmÀ¯, h¡-Sn-¡pt¼m hbepw hoSpw..”þ
Pohn-X-¯nÂ ]W-¯n\v am{Xw hne IÂ¸n-¡p¶ sN¼p-a-¯m-bn-sb¶ IYm ]m{X-¯n-
sâbpw IjvS-¸mSn \nS-bnepw Iesb kvt\ln-¡p¶ Iebv¡v th-n XymK-§Ä kln-¡p¶
Nm¡p-®n-bp-sSbpw hyXykvX at\m-`m-h-§-fmWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-¶-Xv.
]mT-`m-K¯v \n¶v IqSp-XÂ DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Is-¯n Ccp IYm-]m-{X-§-fp-sSbpw kz`mhw Xmc-
Xayw sN¿p-I.
sN¼p-a¯
- mbn Nm¡p®n
1) ]W¯n\v AanX {]m[m\yw 1) Zcn-{Z-amb Pohn-X-km-l-Ncyw

2 am\p-jnI aqey-§Ä¡v {]m[m\yw 2) aqey-§Ä¡v hne IÂ¸n-¡p-¶p.
\ÂIp-¶n-Ã. 3) A[n-I-k-abw A[zm-\n-¡p-¶p.
3) ]Ww ]en-ibv¡v sImSp-¡p-¶p. 4) Ie-tbm-SpÅ kvt\lw
4) Ie A\m-hiy sa¶ Nn´ 5) sXmgnÂ sN¿p-t¼mgpw Ie Bkz-Zn-
5) Iem-kzm-Z-\-¯n-\pÅ kabw [\-k-¼-Z-\- ¡p¶p. Iem-kzm-Z-\-¯n-eqsS am\p-iyI aqey-
¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-sa¶ at\m-`mhw §Ä sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
6) a¡sft¸mepw XÃn hfÀ¯-W-sa¶ 6) tdUntbm a¡sft¸mse kq£n-¡-W-
]£-¡-c³ sa¶ ]£-¡m-c³.
126
{]hÀ¯\w 5
1)IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]Ww
Xsâ Zcn-X-{Z-amb Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-¯n-\n-S-bnepw Ie-sbbpw Ipªn-s\bpw Hcp-t]mse kwc-
£n-bv¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ IYm-]m-{X-amWv ‘]Wb’ ¯nse Nm¡p-®n.
þ Cu hkvXpX hne-bn-cp¯n Nm¡p®n F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯nsâ \ncq-]Ww X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w þ4
Nm¡p®n F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ
2) “Cu tdUntbmw ]ms«zs¡ C\n-¡{X ]nSv¯Ãym a\vjsc sa\-s¡-Sv¯m³ Hmtcm GÀ¸m-tSmfv!

Bt\cw hÃ ]Wow FSp- ¯ mÂ \mep Imiv - m ¡mw” þ sN¼p a¯m-bn-bpsS Cu A`n-{]m-b-s¯-
ap³\nÀ¯n, ]mT-`m-Ks¯ Bi-b§
- Ä DÄs¸-Sp¯n sN¼p-a¯- mbn F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯n\v \ncq-]Ww
X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w þ4
sN¼p-a-¯mbn F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ
3) ià-amb Hcp-km-¶n-[y-amWv ]Wbw F¶ IY-bnÂ tdUn-tbm. sN¼pa¯mbntbmf-tam, Nm¡p-®n-

tbm-ftam {]m[m-\y-apÅ Hcp IYm]m{Xw. Bdm-«p-Ip-¶n\pw Nm¡p-®nbv¡pw tdUn-tbm-bp-am-bpÅ sshIm-
cn-I_
- Ôw ap³\nÀ¯n tdUntbm F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯n\v \ncq-]Ww X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w 3 se kqN-\-IÄ
Bdm-«p-¡p-¶nse P\-§fpw tdUn-tbmbpw
X½n-epÅ _Ôw tdUntbm `b-¶n-cp-¶-hÀ
t{ImUo-I-c-Ww.
{]hÀ¯\w 6
Bkzm-Z-\-¡p-dn¸v
ià-amb Hcp km¶n-[y-amWv ]Wbw F¶ IY-bnÂ tdUntbm. Nm¡p-®nbpw, tdUn-tbmbpw
X½nÂ hyànbpw hkvXphpw X½n-epÅ tIh-e-_-Ô-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ; tdUn-tbmbpw aI\pw Nm¡p-
®nbv¡v H¶v Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p Cu sshIm-cn-I-_Ôw X·-b-Xz-t¯msS Bhn-jvI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p IYm-
Im-c³ þ Cu Bi-bs¯ ap³ \nÀ¯n ]Wbw F¶ IYbv¡v Bkzm-Z\w X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
]Wbw þ F¶ ]mT-`m-K-¯nsâ BapJw

{]hÀ¯\w 3 se kqN-\-IÄ, Bkzm-Z\mwi-§-fpsS
hne-bn-cp-¯Â, t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww, kzm`n-{]m-bw.
127
A\p-_Ôw
C.-kt- ´mjv Ipam-dnsâ cN-\m-coXn
* BJym-\-§Ä¡pw Bhn-jv¡m-c-§Ä¡pw ]pXnb `mj-I-s- ¯p-¶p.
* iàhpw hyXy-kvXh - p-amb BJym-\c
- oXn
* e£y-an-ÃmsX Ae-bp¶ ]pXnb Xe-apd IYm-]m-{X-§-fm-Ip-¶p.
* a\p-jym-h-Ø-I-fpsS ]cn-Wmaw, ]pXnb Ime-¯nsâ \njv^-eX þ IY-I-fnÂ
A\m-h-cWw s¨¿-s¸-Sp-¶p.
‘]Wbw’ þIY-tbmSv tNÀ¯ hmbn-t¡- ka-Im-enI IY-IÄ
* IS-ensâ h¡-s¯mcp hoSv þ am[-hn-¡p«n
* BÀ«v Aäm¡v þ Fw apIp-µ³
A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ
hn.-a[
- p-kp-Z\
- ³ \mbÀ
am\p-jn-I-_-Ô-§Ä¡pw am\-hnI aqey-§Ä¡pw {]kàn \jv«-s¸«p sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ ]pXnb
Ime-L-«-¯nÂ hm¡p-IÄ Nm«p-fn-bm¡n aqteym-·pJ kaq-ls¯ hos--Sp-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ Ihn-
sb-bmWv a[p-kq-Z-\³ \mb-cpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. \jvS-K-X-am-Ip¶ ]mc-¼-cy-t_m-[w,
kwkv¡mcw aqey-§Ä FÃmw Ihnsb BIp-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. \K-c-Po-hn-X-¯n\pw D]-t`m-K-kw-kv¡m-
c-¯n-\p-an-S-bnÂs¸«v sRcp-§p¶ Ihn kmµÀ`n-I-ambn Is--¯p¶ A½-bpsS I¯p-I-fmWv Cu
Ihn-Xbv¡v B[mcw. {]ZÀi\ ]c-Xbv¡v {]m[m\yw Iev¸n-¡p¶ ]pXp-Xe - a
- pd NnÃp-s]«n-If- nÂ (tjm-
t¡-kv) ]«-W-t¡m-¸p-IÄ (D-]-t`m-K-kw-kv¡m-cw) \nd-bv¡p-t¼mÄ A½-bpsS aWhpw \\hpw
kv\nKv[X-bp-apÅ ]gbI¯pIÄ Nmbv]nse Imen-s¸-«n-bn-te¡v HXp-¡n-sh-t¡--nh-cp-¶p. Xsâ
ssiih _mey Iuamc Nn{X-§-fn-seÃmw A½-bpsS HmÀ½-I-fp--v. A½-bpsS I¯p-I-fn-seÃmw þ Icp-
Xepw kvt\lhpw hmÕ-eyhpw aqeyhpw kwkv¡m-c-hp-ap--v. A½-X-s¶-bp-ap-v þ F¶ Adn-hp--m-bn-
cp-¶n«pw ]pXp-kw-kv¡m-c¯ - nsâ hàm-hmb `mcybv¡v ap¼nÂ þ(-\h
- o-\hpw Ipeo-\h - p-amb imTy-¯n\v
ap¼nÂ) Ihn tXmÂhn k½-Xn-¡p-¶p.
Pohn-X¯ - n-tâbpw `mj-bp-tSbpw kwkv¡m-c¯ - n-sâbpw taepÅ \mK-cn-IX - b- p-tSbpw D]-t`mK
kwkv¡m-c-¯n-tâbpw X{´-]-c-amb IS¶v Ibäw F{X Ffp-¸-am-sW¶v km[y-am-Ip¶psh¶v Ihn
ChnsS hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
\jvS-{]m-b-amb \·bpw Duªm-epw, XmbvsNm-Ãpw,-Xm-bvsam-gn-bpw, Xmcm-«pwþ Hs¡ Ihnsb thZ-\n-
¸n-¡p-¶p. A½ HtcmÀ½-bmbv Ihnsb s]mXn-bp-Ibpw Ihn \mK-cnI Pohn-X-¯nsâ I®n-bmbv
tNcp-t¼mgpw A½ Imh-em-fmbv Xocp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv Ihn Adn-bp¶p ]pXp Xe-ap-dbv¡v \jvS-am-
Ip¶ ]mc-¼-cyw, kwkv¡mcw am\p-jnI aqeyw-þ-C-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v BIp-e-s¸-Sp¶ Ihn lrZ-b-¯nsâ
tX§-embn Xocp¶p A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ F¶ Ihn-X.
I¯v F¶ hyh-lmcwcq]-¯n\v hnhn[ am\-§-fp--v. Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n-\-¸pdw I¯v hnImc
hn\n-a-b-¯n-\pÅ D]m-[n-bm-Wv. AXn\v lrZ-b-¯nsâ `mj-bm-Wvþ AXv amXr-`m-j-bm-Wv. {Kma-Po-hn-
X-¯nsâ \·bpw D×bpw I¯v {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-¶p--v. AXv hyàn-þ-Ip-Spw-_-þ-k-aq-l-_-Ô-§sf
kpZr-V-am-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
128
a\-Êp-If
- nÂ km´z-\hpw Icp-Xepw {]tNm-Z\ - hpw t{]mÕm-l\
- h
- p-ta-Im³ I¯n\v Ign-ªn-cp-
¶p. Is¯-gp¯v C¶v A\yw \n¶p t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXv \ÂInb sshIm-cn-Imw-i-§-fpw. Øm\w
b{´-`m-jb
- mb Fkv.F- w.-Fkv. I¿-S¡
- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
AXn-\mÂ ‘Is¯gpXmw’ þF¶ Nn´- t ]mepw C¶v \·- b psS hos- - S p- ¸ mbn \mw ImtW- - X p-
- v .
{]hÀ¯\w 1
IhnX þ Bkzm-Zy-I-c-ambn sNmÃp¶p þ (1)
au\-ambn hmbn-¡p-¶p. þ(2)
{]hÀ¯\w 2
]mT-`mKw Bg-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb eLp-tNm-Zy-§Ä Is--¯p-¶p.
1) F{X IuXp- l - e w, t\m¡n- b mÂ an- p - a nþ
Nn{X-te-J-¯nsâ ‘XmfpIÄ’ þ
Nn{X-te-J-¯nsâ Xmfp-IÄ Ihn-tbmSv an-p¶sXs´Ãmw?.
{]mÀY\
\m«p-]p-c-W-§Ä
I¯p-IÄ
D]-tZiw acp¶v Ipdn¸v
2) I¯v Ihn- b n- e p- - m - ¡ nb sshIm- c n- I m- \ p- ` hw {]I- S - a m- ¡ p¶ hcn- I Ä Is- - ¯ p- I .

3) t]mb-Im-e-¯n³ a[p-c-§-fnÂ s¡mXnþ
bqdp¶ ioew ad¶v XpS§n Rm³ þ Ft¸mÄ?.
4) A½ Imh-em-fmbn amdp¶p þ F¶v Ihn ]d-bp-¶Xv F´p-sIm-v?.
5) A½-tbbpw amXr `mj-sbbpw Ipdp-¨pÅ Ihn-bpsS Bi-¦-IÄ Fs´Ãmw?.
{]hÀ¯\w 3
Imhy- ` wKn Is- - ¯ pI
A½-bpsS Fgp-¯-IÄ Ihn-bn-ep--m-¡nb sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`hw {]I-S-am-¡p¶ hcn-I-fm-Wv. Xmsg
sImSp-¯n-«p-ÅX- v.
""\mZ-ambv hs¶sâ \mhnset¯\mbn
\m`n-bnÂ kv]µn-¨-Xo-bp-sÅ-gp-¯p-IÄ
Hmtcm-¶n-t\mtcm samgn-¨´- ,- a-½bmw
t\cnsâ £oWhpw Xmfhpan¼hpw
A½bv¡v am{Xw Xcm³ Ign-bp-¶Xmw
sh×bpw Rm\m-Ip-tamÀ½-X³ `qanbpw''
ASnh-c-bn« ]Z-§Ä Hmtcm¶pw A½ Ihn-Xbv¡v ]IÀ¶v \ÂInb sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-§sf {]Xn-
^-en-¸p-¡p-¶p. KÀ`-Imew apXÂ Pohn-Xmýw hsc-bpÅ A½-bpsS Icp-XÂ Cu hcn-I-fn-ep--v.
]Z-§-fnse Imhy `wKn Is--¯p-I. Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
129
Imhy-ßI {]tbm-K-§Ä Bi-b-Xew
þ\m-Za - m-bv....... A½-bpsS DÅnse D×-\n-dª ktµiw þ
...-kv]µ - n-¨X- obp-sÅ-gp-¯p-IÄ lrZb `mj-bpsS hn\n-abw.
þDsÅgp¯p-IÄ KÀ`-Ø-in-ip-hn\v þ \m`n-bnse Ne-\-am-Ip¶p

þ \mZw \h-PmX inip-hn\v þ\m-hnse tX\m-Ip¶p
þ \mhn-se-t¯³
þ \mSn-bnse kv]µ\w
þsamgn-¨´w Hmtcm I¯p Hmtcm hmMvab Nn{X-§fpw
t\cnsâ þ CuWw þ Xmfw þ C¼w (Du-«p-Õ-hw, ho«p-h-g-¡v, \dp-¡n-e-]q-hv.......)
A½ þ kXywþkw-KoXw þ ]ng-bv¡m¯
Xmfwþ
A½bv¡v am{Xw Xcm³ Ign-bp-¶Xmw sh× Hcn-¡epw If-¦-taÂ¡m¯ hnip-²n.

Rm\m-Ip-tamÀ½-X³ `qan Ihn-bpsS AkvXnXzw þ \ne-\nÂ]v
t{ImUo-I-cWw
Ch-bpsSsbÃmw XpSÀ¨-bmWv A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ. Ch A½-bpsS DÅn-ep-Å-Xp-t]mse (D-

sÅ-gp-¯p-IÄ) ]IÀ¶pXcm³ amXr-`m-jbv¡v am{Xta Ign-bq. ImcWw amXm-hnsâ `mj Xs¶-
bmWv amXr-`m-jþ
{]hÀ¯\w þ4
{]Xn-I-c-W-¡p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡Â
♦ ]«-W-t¡m¸p \nd-bv¡m-en-¨n-Ãpþ s]«n-IÄ Xn§n, \n¶n-jvS-am-sW-sâbpw ImÂs]-«nbnÂ h¨p
Xmgn«p ]n¶n-se- ¨mbv]nsem-fn-¨m-e-dn-bnÃ Ip«n-IÄ
{]ZÀi\ ]c-Xbv¡v {]m[m\yw \evIp¶ ]pXpXe-apd
♦ F´p \ho\w! Ipeo\w! {]ntb, \nsâ

kpµc ZrjvSn, \n¶n-jvS-am-sW-sâbpw
A½bp-tS-Xm-sa-gp-¯p-I-sfm-s¡bpw
A½-bmbv Xs¶ sbmXp§n Nncn-¡-s«.
♦ \½Ä hntZ-i¯v \nÀ½ns¨m-c-½-X³
_nw_-ao-bm-XnYy ime-bnÂ tim`-\wþ
PohnXw þ `mjþ kwkv¡m-cwþ Ch-tbm-SpÅ ]pXp-Xe - a- p-db
- psS at\m-`mhw Cu hcn-If - nÂ {]I-
S-am-Wv. IqSm-sXþ {]ntb “\n¶n-jvSa - m-sW-sâbpw” þ F¶ Ihn hmIyw ]pXp-Xe - a
- p-dt- bmSv t_m[-]qÀÆ-
amb s]mXp-¯s - ¸-Se
- n\v X¿m-dm-¡p¶ Ihn-bpsS am\-kn-I`- m-hs- ¯bpw {]Im-in-¸p-¡p-¶p. Cu hyXykvX
at\m-`m-h§- t- fm-SpÅ \n§-fpsS kao-]\ - s
- a-´mWv? NÀ¨þ
130
kqN-\I
- Ä þ* ]pXp-X-e-apd {]ZÀi\ ]c-Xbv¡v {]m[m\yw \evIp-¶pt-m?.
* D]-t`mK kwkv¡m-c-¯n\v ASn-a-Itfm?.
* aq-ey§fpw aqey-h-¯mb kwkv¡m-chpw s]«n-bn-e-S¨v Nmbv]nsemXp-¡m³
Iq«p- \ nÂ¡p- ¶ pt- m ?.
* A½bv¡pw amXr-`m-jbv¡pw Pohn-X-¯nÂ \ÂIp¶ Øm\w F{X-am{Xw?.
* A\y-`mjm kwkv¡mcw Pohn-X-¯nÂ F{X-am{Xw kzm[o\w sNep-¯p-¶p-v?.
* kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bnse Hcp-Nn{Xw am{X-ambn A½ HXp-§p-¶pt-m?.
t{ImUo-Ic- W
- w.
A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ s]«n-bn-e-S¨v Nmbv]n-sem-fn-¡p-¶Xv NnÃp-s]-«n-bnÂ (tjm-tI-kv)
Øew CÃm-¯-Xp-sIm--m-Wv. ]pXp-Xmbn hm§n-¡q-«nb ImgvN hkvXp-¡Ä Øew A]-l-cn-¨n-
cn-¡p-¶p.
CXn\v Ihn Iq«p-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv CjvS-t¯m-sS-bÃ Pohn-X-¯nsâ kpK-a-amb Hgp-¡n\v th-n
Ihn t_m[]qÀÆamb Hcp kam-hm-b¯ - n\v (s]m-cp-¯s
- ¸-Se
- n-\v) X¿m-dm-Ip¶p kzoI-cW
- a
- p-dn-bnse
Hcp Nn{X-sa-¶X - n-ep-]cn A½bv¡v Pohn-X¯
- nÂ Øm\-anÃ A½ `mj-bpsS Øm\-am-Is« A\y-`m-
jbpw A]-lc - n-¡p-¶p.
PohnXw `mj þ kwkv¡m-cwþ Chbv¡v taepÅ \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw D]-t`mK kwk-v¡m-c-
¯n-sâbpw X{´-]c - a
- mb IS¶v Ibäw F{X Ffp¸w km[y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Ihn hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
kzm`n-{]mbw tNÀ¯v ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-I.
{]hÀ¯\w 5
Imhy-_nw-_-§Ä Is-¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI
“A½sbm-tcmÀ½-bn-¸p-¯³ {]Im-i§ - Ä
P·-amfpw h\-{]m-No\ \oe-bnÂ
a§n-ba- À¶XmtamÀ½, hÃ-t¸mgpw
\½-tfmÀ¯m-ep-an-sÃ-¦nepw Imh-embv
]n³t] ]d¡pw IpfnÀ½” þ
A½ Ihnbv¡v ASÀ¯n-am-äm³ Ign-bm¯ Imh-em-fm-Wv, Cu Bibw A\p-hm-N-I-\n-se-¯n-
bv¡m³ Ihn-X-bn-ep-S-\ofw Ihn D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-bv¡p¶ _nw_-§Ä GsXÃmw Is-¯n Ah-bpsS
AÀY-X-e-§Ä Ipdn-¡p-I.
_nw_w AÀ°-Xew
. A½-X³ Nn·p{Z þ am-XrXzw ssZhn-I-amWv

. X·I\mbv ]IÀ¶ ]mÂ ap¯p-IÄ þ A½n-ª-¸mÂ
. samgn-¨´w þ hmMvab Nn{X-§Ä
. t\cnsâ CuWw, Xmfw, C¼w þ A½þ kXyw-þ-kw-Ko-Xw-þ-]n-g-bv¡m¯ Xmfw
. Rm\m-Ip-tamÀ½-X³ `qan þ Ihn-bpsS AkvXnXzw (\n-e-\nÂ]v)
131
. \m-Uo-kv]-µ\w P\\w apXÂ acWw hsc-bpÅ Icp-XÂ
\mhn-se-t¯³
D-sÅ-gp-¯p-IÄ
. BZn-a-kw-KoXw þ Xmcm«v
. Imh-emÄ þ \K- c - k w- k v ¡ m- c - ¯ nÂ I®n tNtc- n
hcp-t¼mÄ A½-bpsS HmÀ½-IÄ
Xm§m-Ip-¶p.
. cà-¯nÂ NqSp-]-I-cp¶ \·bpw Xmfhpw þ Ahm-Ny-amb amXr-kvt\lw AXv
hnh-cn-bv¡m³ amXr-`mj Xs¶-th-Ww.
{]hÀ¯\w 6
“Xmbvsamgn-X-¶o-Wsa-§s\ \msh-Spþ
t¯mXp-¶-sX-§s\? HmÀ¡p-¶-sX-§s\?.
Xmbv a\-Ênsâ XpSn-¸p-I-sf-§s\?
Xmbv s¨mÃn-eq-dnb Xmf-§-sf-§s\ ?”.
“A½Xm³Xs¶ ]IÀ¶p Xcp-t¼mtg
\½Ä¡-ar-Xpa-ar-Xmbn tXm¶q....”
“lr¯nÂ ]Xn-tb-W-sa-¦nÂ kz `mj-X³
hIv{X¯nÂ \n¶p Xm³ tIÄ¡-thWw” þ
Fsâ `mj þ hÅ-t¯mÄ
c-p Imhy-`m-K-§-fnepw sXfn-bp-¶Xv amXmhpw amXr-`m-jbpw `n¶-a-Ãþ F¶ ImgvN-¸m-Sm-Wv. Cu
ImgvN-¸mSv km[q-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v IqSp-XÂ sXfn-hp-IÄ ]mT-`m-K¯v \n¶v Is--¯n, Imhy-`m-K-§Ä
hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
kqN-\-IÄ
þXm-bvsam-gn, Xmbva-\-Êv, Xmbv sNmÃvþ F¶o {]tbm-K-§Ä amXm-hn-s\bpw amXr-`m-j-sbbpw
kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
þA-½bv¡v \ÂIm³ Ign-bp¶ \·-IÄ amXr-`m-jbpw \ÂIp-¶p.
þ A½bpw amXr-`m-jbpw Cu Ihn-X-bnÂ {]ta-b-amWv
þsam-gn-¨´
- w, t\cnsâ CuWhpw Xmf-hpan¼hpw, sXm«p-hm-bn-¡Â Xmcm-«nsâ am[p-cyw,
\mhn-ep-bnÀs¡m-Åp¶ sNmÃp-IÄ F¶nh amXr-`m-j-sbbpw Ipdn-bv¡p-¶p.
þ A½-bnÂ \n¶pw AI-ep¶ Ipªp-§Ä amXr-`m-j-bnÂ \n¶pw AI-ep-¶p.
þ A½ a\Ênse \·bpw Adnhpw kwkv¡-chpw ]IÀ¶v Xcm³ amXr-`m-jbv¡v am{Xta
km[n-bv¡p.
þam-Xr-Xz-¯nsâ alXzw hnh-cn-¡m³ amXr-`m-j-bn-eqsS am{Xta Ihn-bq.
132
{]hÀ¯\w 7
Bkzm-Z\w X¿m-dm-¡pI
“A½bn-Ãm¯ hoSv
A½n-bn-Ãm¯ hoSv
C¶s¯ hoSp-IÄ
A§mSn hoSp-IÄ
Ipªp-®n.
]pXpXe-ap-dbv¡v \jvS-am-Ip¶p ]mc-¼-cyw, kwkv¡mcw am\p-jn-I-aqeyw þ Ch-sb-¡q-dn¨v BIp-e-
s¸-Sp¶ Ihn-lr-Z-b-¯nsâ tX§-emWv A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ F¶ Ihn-X. Ipªp®n amjnsâ
Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-§Ä IqSn DÄs¸-Sp¯n Ihn-Xbv¡v Bkzm-Z\w X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
kqN-\-IÄ
A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ þ BapJw

{]hÀ¯\w þ4,5þ kqN-\-IÄ
Ipªp®n amjnsâ IhnX þ hni-I-e\w
BkzmZyIc-amb Aw-i-§-fpsS hne-bn-cp-¯Â, t{ImUo-I-c-Ww.
{]hÀ¯\w 8
{]kwKw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
amXr-`mj þ ae-bmfw þ kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS- Xnsâ BhiyI-Xbpw {]k-àn-bpwþ F¶ hnj-b-
¯nÂ amXr-`m-jm-Zn-\t- ¯m-S\
- p-_Ô
- n¨v Ah-Xc- n-¸n-bv¡p¶Xn\v
]mT-`m-Ks¯ Bi-b-§Ä DÄs¸Sp¯n {]kwKw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
þkw-t_m-[\w
þhnj-bm-h-X-cWw
þA-½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ þB-apJw
þ]m-T-`mKw þ Bibw
þk-a-Im-enI {]h-W-X-I-fpsS hne-bn-cp-¯Â
þC-¯cw {]h-W-X-Isf AXn-Po-hn-t¡-- Xnsâþ Bh-iy-IX.
D]-kw-lmcw
I¯v X¿m-dm-¡pI
þ “H¶n\pw sImÅ-cp-Xm-¯h - s
- \-¶h
- Ä
C¶pw ]gn ]d-tª-¡pw”þ
F¶ A]-am-\-`-b-¯mÂ A½sb Dt]-£n-bv¡m³ CSwtXSn Ae-bp¶ aIs\ ‘A½s¯m-«nÂ-’þ
F¶ Ihn-X-bnepw þ
‘{]ntb \n¶n-jvSa
- m-sW-sâbpw’ þ
133
F¶v t_m[ ]qÀÆ-amb kam-hmb (A-\p-cR - vP\w )¯n\v X¿m-dm-¡p¶ aIs\ A½-bpsS Fgp-¯p-IÄ
þ F¶ Ihn-X-bnepw ImWmw.
hyXykvX Imc-W§ - f- mÂ amXmhpw amXr-`m-jbpw kwc£n¡-s¸-SmsX t]mIp¶ Ah-Øb - mWv
c-vIh
- n-XI
- f
- nepw {]I-Sa
- m-Ip-¶X- v. ]mT-`m-K§
- f- nse Bi-b§- Ä DÄs¸-Sp¯n þ amXmhpw amXr-`m-jbpw
kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS-- Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-v \n§-fpsS kplr-¯n\v Hcp Is¯-gp-
XpI
]{X-\oXn
kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv
A[ym-]-I\pw hmÜnbpw kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-I-\p-ambv tkh\w A\p-jvTn¨v ae-bm-f-¯n\v AXp-
ey-kw-`m-h-\-IÄ \ÂInb kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡m-Snsâ ‘\hbm-{X-IÄ’ F¶ {KÙ-¯nse ‘]{X§Ä
GXv ]£¯v’ þ F¶ teJ-\-¯nse sNdp-`m-K-amWv ]{X-\oXn F¶ ]mT `mKw. hmÀ¯-IÄ kXy-
kÔambn P\-§f - n-se-¯n-bv¡pI F¶-XmWv icn-bmb ]{X-[À½w P\m[n ]Xy-¯nsâ \memw XqWv
þ (fourth estate of democracy)F¶dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ am[y-a-§Ä Cu [Àaw icn-bmbn ]men-t¡-- Xp-
- v . ]Iz- X - b mÀ¶ kmaq- l nI kwkv ¡ m- c - ¯ nsâ {]I- S - \ - ] - { Xn- I - b mbn am[y- a - § Ä amtd- - X mWv .
kaq-ls¯ AXnsâ Acm-PI - a
- mb Ah-Øb - nÂ \n¶pw t]mepw c£n-bv¡p-hm³ kXyhpw \oXnbpw
]peÀ¯p¶ am[y-a-§Ä¡v Ignbpw F¶mÂ.
Ime-L-«-¯nsâ amä-§Ä¡\p-kr-X-ambn ]{X-[À½hpw \oXnbpw hyXn-N-en-¡-s¸-Sp¶p F¶v
hne-bn-cp-¯p-I-bmWv teJ-I³ kXy-¯nsâ kao-]-s¯-¯n-t¨-cm³ ]e ]{X-§Ä amdn-amdn hmbn-
t¡-n hcp¶ ka-Im-enI kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, kXy-k-Ô-X-bnÂ A[n-jvT-X-amb Hcp am[y-a-kw-kv¡mcw
Xncn¨p sIm- p - h - t c- - X nsâ Bh- i y- I - X - b n- t ebv ¡ v hncÂ Nq- p ¶p teJ- I ³. hcpw Xe- a p- d bpw
kaq-lhpw iàn-`-{Zam-¡p-¶-Xn\v am[ya kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ hos--Sp-¡Â A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-¶p.
]{X-\oXn
teJ\w. kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv
1)GXp a\p-jy\pw Hcn-¡-e-sÃ-¦nÂ asäm-cn-¡Â ]{Xs¯ B{i-bn-t¡--n hcp-¶p. ImcWw?.
þ ]{Xw temIs¯ \½psS kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bnse¯n¡p-¶p. \½psS hyàn-K-X-amb Imcy-§sf
temI-¯n\v ap¼n-epw.
þ]-{X-t¯m-SpÅ hntbm-Pn¸v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\p ]{X-s¯-Xs¶ B{i-bn-t¡--Xmbn hcp-¶p.
þB-b-Xn-\mÂ ]{X-sa-¶Xv Hcp hntcm[m`-mk-ambn amdp-¶p.
2) `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ ]{Xs¯ ]oUn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw \ntcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv Cu t]Sn-aq-e-am-Wv.
ChnsS teJ-I³ AÀ°-am-¡p-¶s - X´v?.
þ ]{X-§Ä kI-e-Xn-s\bpw hnaÀin-¡p-¶p.
þk-I-e-Xn-s\-Ip-dn¨pw Adnhv Xcp-¶p.
þ]-s£, ]{X-§Ä hnaÀin-¡-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ
þ ImcWw ]{X-§sf hnaÀin-¡Wsa¦nepw ]{X-s¯-Xs¶ B{i-bn-t¡-nhcp-¶p.
þ Bb-Xn-\mÂ tkzÑm-[n-]Xn t]mepw ]{Xs¯ `b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
134
3) P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nse \mem-as¯ iàn-bmWv þ am[y-a-§Ä (fourth Estate of democracy)
]{X§Ä þ aäv aps¶®w GsXÃmw
\nb-a-\nÀh-l-W-k` \oXn-\ym-b-k`
P\m-[n-]Xyw
\nba \nÀamW k` am[y-a-§Ä
4) P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ \memw XqWmWv am[y-a-§Ä F¶v ]d-bp-¶-sX-´p-sIm-v?.

þ \nba \nÀ½m-Wþ \nÀh-l-W-þ-\o-Xn-\ym-b-hy-h-Ø-IÄ P\-§-fn-te-bvs¡-¯n-¡p-¶Xv
am[y-a-§-fm-Wv.
þ \nba hyh-Ø-IÄ kXy-k-Ô-X-tbm-sSbpw IrXy-X-tbm-sSbpw P\-§-fn-se-¯n-bvt¡--Xv
am[y-a-§-fpsS [À½-am-Wv.
5) P^-gvk¬ ]{X-§Ä¡v \ÂInb {]iw-k-bpsS s]mcpÄ teJ-I³ hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-sX-§s\ ?.

- þ]-{X-an-Ãm-sX-bpÅ `c-W-s¯-¡mÄ Xm³ CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶Xv `c-W-an-Ãm-sX-bpÅ ]{X-apÅ
Ah-Ø-bm-sW-¶-Xmbncp¶p P^-gvksâ {]iwk.
þ ]{X-amWv ]c-a-{]-[m\w F¶v teJ-I³ hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p.
þ ]{X-[À½-amWv ChnsS HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.
þ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw `cW hyh-Øbpw CÃm-Xm--Ip¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ t]mepw kaq-ls¯
c£n-bv¡m³ kXyhpw [Àahpw \oXnbpw ]peÀ¯p¶ ]{X-§Ä¡v km[n-¡pw.
þk-Xyw-þ-\o-Xn-þ-[À½w F¶-hy-hØ ewLn-¨mÂ -]{Xw ]{X-a-Ãm-Xm-bn-Xo-cpw.
þ [Àaw ]men-¡p-I-bmWv ]{X-[À½w F¶v [z\n.
6) t{Zml-Im-cnXzw þ ]Zw hn{K-ln-¡p-I.

t{Zmlw sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ign-hv.
7) hmIy¯nÂ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-I.
hniz-hn-{ipX³þ
hn{I-am-ZnXy kZ-Ênse hniz hn{ip-X-\mb Ihn-bm-bn-cp¶p Imfn-Zm-k³.
]cn-lm-kN - X
- p-c³
A-kq-bm-hlw
8) hnkvabw tXm¶p¶p!-þte-J-Is\ hnkva-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kwK-Xn-IÄ Fs´-Ãmwþ
Is- - ¯ n- Fgp- X p- I .
þ19-þmw \qäm--p-Im-c-\mb _SveÀ 20-þmw\qäm--nsâ D¯-cmÀ²-¯nse ]{X-§-fpsS Ah-Øm-
hn- t ijw I- - d nªv hnfn¨v ]d- ª - X v .
þ A¨-Sn-¨Xv I-mÂ AXv \pW-bm-sW¶ \nK-a-\-¯nÂ P\-§Ä F¯n-tNcpw hn[w ]{X-[Àaw
A[:]Xn-¨-Xv.
135
D]-\ymkw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
9)P\-§Ä¡v Ømbn-bmb Adn-hp--m¡n s¡mSp-¡p-I-bmWv ]{X-§-fpsS Hcp {][m\ Npa-X-e. B Np-
a-Xe ad¶mÂ ]{X-¯nsâ \ne-\nÂ¸n\v AÀ°an-Ãm-Xm-Ipwþ kztZ-i-`n-am-\n-bpsS apJ-{]-kw-K-¯nÂ
\n¶v
þ“]{Xan-Ãm-sX-bpÅ `c-W-s¯-¡mÄ Xm³ A`n-e-jn-¡pI `c-W-an-ÃmsX ]{XapÅ Ah-Ø-bmWv”
þP^vgvk¬þ
þ“]{X§Ä Gähpw IqSp-XÂ AXn-Po-hn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-bpsS hj-f-¯cw Gähpw IqSp-t¼m-gmWv”
Hmkv¡mÀ sshÂUvþ
þ “]{X {]hÀ¯\w Hcp Ie-bmWv; tkh-\-amWv hyh-kmbamWv, aäp XmÂ¸-cy-§Ä B I-esb
hnI- e - a m- ¡ msX {i²n- t ¡- Npa- X e FÃm ]{X {]hÀ¯- I À¡p- a p- - v”þ
F³.-cm-a-N-{µ³.
]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-s¯-Ip-dn¨pw ]{X-[À½-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ hyXykvX ImgvN-¸m-Sp-Ifpw ]{X-\o-Xnþ

F¶ ]mT-`-mK-¯nse Bi-b-§fpw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ]{X-[À½-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ \n§-fpsS ImgvN-
¸m-Sp-IÄ bpàn-]qÀÆw kaÀYn¨v D]-\ymkw X¿m-dm-¡pI
þ cmP-Iob hnf-¼cw
HB page 302
þ Xn·-IÄs¡-Xn-sc-bpÅ sNdp¯v \nÂ]v.

þXn-cp-¯Â iàn-bm-h-Ww.
þk-Xy-k-Ô-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ
þ ]{X-\o-Xn-þ-[Àaw-þCu e£y-¯nÂ \n¶pw hyXn-N-en-¡-cp-Xv.
þ]-{X-§-fpsS I¨-hS at\m-`mhw
þ ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS BßmÀY-X, kXy-k-Ô-X.
þ t\cmb hmÀ¯-I-fpsS ià-amb Ah-X-cWw
þ cmjv{Sob \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ/P\-]-£-hm-b\
þ kzm`n-{]m-bw.
11. hni-I-e-\-¡p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

\h-am-[y-a-§-fpsS hfÀ¨-þ(-C-e-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv am[y-a-§Ä, t»mKv, tkmjyÂ aoUn-b, t^bvkv
_p¡v, F^v.-Fw.-td-Un-tbm-þ) kaq-ls¯ Gsd kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p--vþ-FÂ.-tXm-a-kp-Ip-«n-bpsS dn§vtSm¬
F¶ IhnX D¯a DZm-l-c-W-am-Wvþ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
þ Infn\mZw dnMvtSm-Wnsâ i_vZ-ambn amdp-¶p.
þ Cu i_vZw Ihnsb kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p.
þ skÂt^m¬ C¶s¯ kaq-l-¯n\v Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm³ h¿m-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
þ a-\p-jy-\p--mb amäw Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p.
136
þ Ime-¯nsâ amä-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-ambv ]p¯³ {]h-W-X-Isf kzoI-cn-¡m³ kaqlw
\nÀ-_Ô
- n-Xa
- m-bn-Xo-cp-¶p.
10) apJ-{]-kwKw X¿m-dm-¡pI

kaq-l¯ - n\v Znim-t_m[w \ÂIp-¶X - n\pw KpW-]c
- a
- mb amä-§Ä hcp-¯p-¶X - n-\pw ]{X-§Ä/
am[y-a§ - Ä \nc-Wm-bI ]¦v hln-¡p¶p CXv ]{X [ - À½am-Wv. ‘]{X\oXn’ F¶ ]mT-`m-Kh- p-ambn _Ô-
s¸-Sp¯n \n§Ä X¿m-dm-¡p¶ ]{X-¯n\v ]{X-[À½w F¶ hnj-bs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n Hcp apJ-{]-
kwKw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.
þX-e-s¡«v
þi-à-amb `mj/LS-\.
þ]-{X-\oXn
þ]-{X-[À½w
þ]-{X-§-fpsS I¨-h-S-a-t\m-`mhw
þ ]c-ky-§-fpsS AXn-{]-kcw
þ C¶s¯ ]{X-§-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ
þ cmjv{Sob \ne ]mSp-I-tfm-SpÅ {]Xn-I-cWw
þ]-{Xm-[n-]-cpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-SpÅ {]Xn-I-cWw
þ]-{Xm-[n-]c- psS BßmÀ°-X, kXy-kÔ - X
- .
þhmÀ¯-I-fpsS t\cmb Ah-X-c-Ww.
þIm-c-W-§Ä, ]cn-lm-c-§Ä
þ D]-kw-lmcw þ kXy-k-Ô-X-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp am[ya kwkv¡mcw Xncn¨phtc-- Xp--v.
.
11) DNn-X-am-bh sXsc-sª-Sp¯v ]«nI ]qcn-¯n-bm-¡pI
IÀ¯mhv IrXn khn-ti-jX

- I
- Ä
kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv
KmÔn
\ÃXv sNmÃp-¶\
- mhv
]Wbw
\h-bm-{X-IÄ, hn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\³\m-bÀ
amXr-`m-jbv¡p taepÅ A[n-\n-th-iw, ]{X-[À½w, X¯-½, C. kt´mjv IpamÀ, A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡À,
tdUn-tbm.
12)a hmIy-ip²n hcp-¯p-I.

Btcm-cp-an-Ãm¯ A\m-Y-bmb s]¬ Ip«nsb Hgn-hm¡n ho«n-se-¯nb IYm-Im-c³ Ip«n-Im-
e¯v sXcp-hnÂ \n¶v {Kl-¯n-tebv¡v FSp-¯p-sIm-v h¶ ]q¨ Ip«n-sb-¡p-dn¨v kvac-W-tbmsS
HmÀ¯p.
137
12)b ASn-¡-Sn-bp--m-bn-s¡m--n-cp-¡p¶ XpSÀ¨-bmb Iem-hØ hyXn-bm\w Fh-dÌp sImSpap-Snsb
\in-¸n¨p sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. aªv Dcp-In-sbm-en-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v ]cn-Øn-Xn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwL-S-
\-IÄ ]d-bp-¶p. A{]-Xo-£n-Xhpw AI-kvan-I-hp-amb shÅ s]m¡-§Ä D-m-Ip-sa¶pw AhÀ
]d-bp-¶p.
13 ASn-h-c-bn« ]Z-§-fpsS AÀ° hyXymkw Is-¯n Ipdn-¡p-I.

1. ta\n Ag-In-s\-¡p-dn¨v ta\n ]d-bp-¶Xv \Ã-X-Ã-tÃm.
2. Adnhv C{X-aXn F¶v aXn-am³ ]d-bptam
3. Rms\sâ ]mSp t\m¡n Pohn-bv¡p-¶p. B\-bpsS Imensâ ]mSp- I t - m ? .
138
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Coordination (GHSS Vythiri)

hb\mSv Pn√bnse hnZymebßfn¬ Fkv . Fkv . F¬.kn.

{ioaXn Sn. DjmIpamcn

Pn√bnse hnZym`ymk KpW\nemhcw Db¿Øphm≥ hb\mSv

{ioaXn Fw. tZhIn

Fkv . Fkv . F¬.kn.hnPbiXam\hpw \nehmchpw Db¿Øp∂

{ioaXn ]n. ]n. X¶w

"s]mena 2017' ]pdØndßpIbmWv. "Ub‰ns‚ _u≤nI t\XrXzhpw

tUm. sI. Fw. DÆnIrjvW≥

2017 am¿®nse Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. ]co£bv°v XømsdSp°p∂

Pn√m ]©mbØns‚ kmºØnI klmbtØmsS Xømdm°nb

sk_mÃy≥ sI. Fw.

t{ijvTamb Imhyßƒ, kmlnXyßƒ F∂nh ImetZißƒ°pw

FgpØ—s‚ A[ymﬂcmambWw Infn∏m´n¬\n∂psaSpØ

Hm¿an°s∏tS≠ hcnIƒ / {]tbmKßƒ / XXzßƒ

temIØnep≈ FgpØpImcpsS cN\bv°v Htc `mjbp≈psh∂v Ihn tcJs∏SpØp∂p.

N¿® BcmWv Ihn

{iocm-a≥ ktlm-Z-c-\mb e£va-Ws\ kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ {i≤n-°p-I.

hcnIfpsS {]tXyIX ImeamIp∂ ]mºn\m¬ Np‰s∏´ temIw

h¿Wy hkvXp ? kpJt`mKßsf Ihn F¥nt\mSmWv

Ccpt«mIßfnsebpw Bibw Is≠ØpI.

Ihn, ]ﬁnX≥, `mjm imkv{X⁄≥, ]{Xm[n]¿, A[ym]I≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]kn≤≥.

`cXs‚ \mSyimkv{XsØ°pdn®p≈ [mcWbp≠mbncp∂p.

]mcn®p \ns∂mcp t]agXqIo´p

ImfnZmks‚ EXph¿W\bpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Fs¥√mw ?

Imemhÿm am‰w EXpkwlmcsØ°pdn®v

]m¿hXn°v inht\mSp≈ {]Wbw.

cm{Xnbn¬ k©cn°p∂ Zo]inJ : GtXXv amfnIbpsS ap∂nseØp∂pthm AXns\

imIp¥fØn¬ sXfnbp∂ a\pjycptSbpw {]IrXnbpsSbpw A\p`qXn Nn{Xßƒ

t_∏q¿ kp¬Øm≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂ ssh°w aplΩZv _jo¿ PohnXm\p`hßƒ°v

AΩbn√msX a\pjyhwiw \ne\n¬°n√.

ho´nse kmlNcyßƒ, kuIcyßƒ

apIfn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv hmbn®pht√m.

XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-c≥ t\sc \S∂p hcp-∂p. hgn-am-dp-∂n-√.

Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Ihn-Xm-`mKw hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.

apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ `mK-Øp≈ Bi-bs

˛ ic¨Ip-am-dns‚ {]h¿Øn-tbmSv \nß¬ tbmPn-°p- \√ {]h¿Øn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw.

4. ic¨Ip-am¿ enw_m-sf-bpsS kXy-k-‘X shfn-hmb kw`hw Npcp°nsbgp-Xp-I. ic¨Ip-am-

ic¨Ip-am-¿ enw-_msf t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ A\o-Xn-Iƒ • k¶p-Nn-XX - zw

sa≥Ip-Xn-csb sNº≥Ip-Xn-csb? IpXn-°m-\p≈ Xm¬]cyw Ihn°v

1 k¿§-i-‡n-bm-Ip∂ IpXn-c-bpsS Fs¥√mw {]tXy-I-X-I-tf-°p-dn-®mWv Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv? a‰v

"]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ ktμi-hm-l-I¿ kwkvImcw a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-bmWv

aq∂v Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS t]cp-I-ƒ apI-fn¬ sImSpØn-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠p-h-t√m. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-

• Nn{X-Im-c≥ F∂-Xn-\p-]p-dsa Ihn, KWn- • kqcy-Im-¥n-∏q-°ƒ, ]mZ-c£

• Bdp-h¿jw sIm≠v Nn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm-

tUmKv (sI.-kn.-F-kv. ]Wn-°¿ A—≥ hcp∂p (cm-Pm-ch

Dcp-f-°n-gßv Xn∂p-∂-h¿ (I-Y)

s]m´mt‰m Cut‰gvkv (Nn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®v)

2. Cu¿® an√p-Isft∏mse i_vZn® Ccp-´nse Nohn-Sp-If

3. aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ NX-™v, apJw s]m´n hnIr-X-am-bn, H∂n-s\bpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmØ hn[-Øn¬

4. ""CSw-hew De™v hoSv ASp-Øp-h∂

ta¬]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂ kqN-I-sf√mw Zcn-{Z-amb hoSns‚ Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Zcn-{Z-amb

kwkvImc iq\y-amb CØcw {]hrØn kwkv°m-csØ C√m-Xm-°p-sa∂ t_m[w Ip´n-bn¬

V ""{`m¥-amb Bth-iØ - m¬ F¥n-s\bpw X®p-XI- ¿°p∂ bph-Xb

Nn{X-Im-cs‚ NnX (F. Aø-∏≥)

acn® Hcp Nn{X-Im-cs‚ NnX-bn¬

12. apIfn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂ IhnX hniIe\w sNbvXv D]\ymkw Xømdm°pI. (6)

]mT-`m-K-§-fn-eqsS: ¹mhn-e-¡ªn ¹mhn-e-¡ªn

♦ IY-bpsS Xe-s¡-«nsâ HuNnXyw ]cn-tim-[n¨v eLp-¡p-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

♦ Bi-b-{K-l-W-¯n-\p-X-Ip¶ eLp tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p-¶p.

At¿m A¸m F¶p hnfn¨p sIm-v tImc³ AI¯p Ibdn “tamt\!”.

AÑ\pw aI\pw X½n-epÅ ZrV-amb kvt\l-_-Ô-amWv c-v cN-\-bnepw ImWp-¶-Xv.