DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
UNIT -1 & 2 MCQ Q&A

1. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2 Then P(A ∩ B) is equal to
___________
a) 0.4
b) 0.2
c) 0.6
d) 0.8
Answer: a
Explanation: P(A ∩ B) = P(A – (A ∩ B))
= P(A) – P(A ∩ B)
= 0.6 – 0.2 Using P(A) = 1 – P(A)
= 0.4.

2. A problem in mathematics is given to three students A, B and C. If the probability of A

solving the problem is 1⁄2 and B not solving it is 1⁄4. The whole probability of the problem
being solved is 63⁄64 then what is the probability of solving it?
a) 1⁄8
b) 1⁄64
c) 7⁄8
d) 1⁄2
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let A be the event of A solving the problem
Let B be the event of B solving the problem
Let C be the event of C solving the problem
Given P(a) = 1⁄2, P(~B) = 1⁄4 and P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 63/64
We know P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 1 – P(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= 1 – P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 1 – P(A) P(B) P(C)
Let P(C) = p
ie 63⁄64 = 1 – (1⁄2)(1⁄4)(p)
= 1 – p⁄8
⇒ P =1/8 = P(C)
⇒P(C) = 1 – P = 1 – 1⁄8 = 7⁄8.

3. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 1⁄5 While P(A or B) = 1⁄2. Let P(B) = P. For
what values of P are A and B independent?
 a) 1⁄10 and 3⁄10
b) 3⁄10 and 4⁄5
c) 3⁄8 only
d) 3⁄10
Answer: c
Explanation: For independent events,
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A) P(B)
= 1⁄5 + P (1⁄5)P
⇒ 1⁄2 = 1⁄5 + 4⁄5P
⇒ P= 3⁄8.
4. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events with P(~A) = 5⁄6 and P(b) = 1⁄3 then P(A
/~B) is equal to ___________
a) 1⁄4
b) 1⁄2
c) 0, since mutually exclusive
d) 5⁄18
Answer: a
Explanation: As A and B are mutually exclusive we have
A∩B¯
And Hence
P(A/B¯)=P(A∩B¯)P(B¯)
1−P(A¯)1−P(B¯)=1−561−13
P(A/B¯)=14
5. If A and B are two events such that P(a) = 0.2, P(b) = 0.6 and P(A /B) = 0.2 then the
value of P(A /~B) is ___________
a) 0.2
b) 0.5
c) 0.8
d) 1⁄3
Answer: a
Explanation: For independent events,
P(A /~B) = P(a) = 0.2.

6. Let A and B be two events such that the occurrence of A implies occurrence of B,
But not vice-versa, then the correct relation between P(a) and P(b) is?
a) P(A) < P(B)
b) P(B) ≥ P(A)
c) P(A) = P(B)
d) P(A) ≥ P(B)
Answer: b
Explanation: Here, according to the given statement A ⊆ B
P(B) = P(A ∪ (A ∩ B)) (∵ A ∩ B = A)
= P(A) + P(A ∩ B)
Therefore, P(B) ≥ P(A)
7. If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A then,
a) P(A) > P(B)
b) P(A) < P(B)
c) P(A) = P(B)
d) P(A) < P(B)
Answer: c
Explanation: A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A => A = B
Hence P(a) = P(b).

8. If A⊂ B then?
a) P(a) > P(b)
b) P(A) ≥ P(B)
c) P(B) = P(A)
d) P(B) = P(B)
Answer: b
Explanation: A ⊂ B => B ⊂ A
Therefore, P(A) ≥ P(B)

9. If A is a perfect subset of B and P(a <Pb), then P(B – A) is equal to ____________

a) P(a) / P(b)
b) P(a)P(b)
c) P(a) + P(b)
d) P(b) – P(a)
Answer: d
Explanation: From Basic Theorem of probability,
P(B – A) = P(b) – P(a), this is true only if the condition given in the question is true.

10. What is the probability of an impossible event?

a) 0
b) 1
c) Not defined
d) Insufficient data
Answer: a
Explanation: If the probability of an event is 0, then it is called as an impossible
event.

11. If A = A1 ∪ A2……..∪An, where A1…An are mutually exclusive events then?

a) ∑ni=0P(Ai)
b) ∑ni=1P(Ai)
c) ∏ni=0P(Ai)
d) Not defined
Answer: b
Explanation: A = A1 ∪ A2……..∪ An, where A1…An
Since A1…An are mutually exclusive
P(a) = P(A1) + P(A2) + … + P(An)
Therefore p(a)=∑ni=1P(Ai)
12. If P(B⁄A) = p(b), then P(A ∩ B) = ____________
a) p(b)
b) p(a)
c) p(b).p(a)
d) p(a) + p(b)
nswer: c
Explanation: P(B/A) = p(b) implies A and B are independent events
Therefore, P(A ∩ B) = p(a).p(b).

13. Two unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most one head?
a) 1⁄2
b) 1⁄3
c) 1⁄6
d) 3⁄4
Answer: d
Explanation: Total outcomes = (HH, HT, TH, TT)
Favorable outcomes = (TT, HT, TH)
At most one head refers to maximum one head,
Therefore, probability = 3⁄4.

14. If A and B are two events such that p(a) > 0 and p(b) is not a sure event, then
P(A/B) = ?
a) 1 – P(A /B)
b) P(A¯)(B¯)
c) Not Defined
d) 1−P(A∪B)P(B¯)
Answer: d
Explanation: From definition of conditional probability we have
P(A¯/B¯)=A¯∩B¯P(B¯)
Using De Morgan’s Law
=P(A∪B¯)(B¯)
=1−P(A∪B)P(B¯)

15. If A and B are two events, then the probability of exactly one of them occurs is given
by ____________
a) P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ B)
b) P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A) P(B)
c) P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A) P(B)
d) P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Answer: a
Explanation: The set corresponding to the required outcome is
(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B)
Hence the required probability is
P(P(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B)) = (A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ B).

16. The probability that at least one of the events M and N occur is 0.6. If M and N have
probability of occurring together as 0.2, then P(M) + P(N) is?
a) 0.4
 b) 1.2
c) 0.8
d) Indeterminate
Answer: b
Explanation: Given : P(M ∪ N) = 0.6, P(M ∩ N) = 0.2
P(M ∪ N) + P(M ∩ N) = P(M) + P(N)
2 – (P(M ∪ N) + P(M ∩ N)) = 2 – (P(M) + P(N))
= (1 – P(M)) + (1 – P(N))
2 – (0.6 + 0.2) = P(M) + P(N)
P(M) + P(N) = 2 – 0.8
= 1.2

17. A coin is biased so that its chances of landing Head is 2⁄3. If the coin is flipped 3
times, the probability that the first 2 flips are heads and the 3rd flip is a tail is?
a) 4⁄27
b) 8⁄27
c) 4⁄9
d) 2⁄9
Answer: a
Explanation: Required probability = 2⁄3 x 2⁄3 x 1⁄3 = 4⁄27.

18. Husband and wife apply for two vacant spots in a company. If the probability of wife
getting selected and husband getting selected are 3/7 and 2/3 respectively, what is
the probability that neither of them will be selected?
a) 2⁄7
b) 5⁄7
c) 4⁄21
d) 17⁄21
Answer: c
Explanation:Let H be the event of husband getting selected
W be the event of wife getting selected
Then, the event of neither of them getting selected is = (H ∩ W)
P (H ∩ W) = P (H) x P (W)
= (1 – P (H)) x (1 – P (W))
= (1 – 2⁄3) x (1 – 3⁄7)
= 4⁄21.

19. For two events A and B, if P (B) = 0.5 and P (A ∪ B) = 0.5, then P (A|B) = ?
a) 0.5
b) 0
c) 0.25
d) 1
Answer: d
Explanation: We know that,
P (A│B) = P(A ∩ B)/P(B)
= P((A ∪ B)/P(B))
= (1 – P(A ∪ B)) /P(B)
 = (1 – 0.5)/0.5
= 1.

20. A fair coin is tossed thrice, what is the probability of getting all 3 same outcomes?
a) 3⁄4
b) 1⁄4
c) 1⁄2
d) 1⁄6
Answer: b
Explanation:S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
All 3 same outcomes mean either all head or all tail
Total outcomes = 8
Favourable outcomes = {HHH, TTT} = 2
∴ required probability = 2⁄8 = 1⁄4.

21. If 40% of boys opted for maths and 60% of girls opted for maths, then what is the
probability that maths is chosen if half of the class’s population is girls?
a) 0.5
b) 0.6
c) 0.7
d) 0.4
Answer: a
Explanation: Let E be the event of electing boy or a girl and A be the event of
selecting a maths student.
P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2)
=(1/2)(40/100)+(1/2)(60/100)
= 0.5.

22. Company A produces 10% defective products, Company B produces 20% defective
products and C produces 5% defective products. If choosing a company is an
equally likely event, then find the probability that the product chosen is defective.
a) 0.22
b) 0.12
c) 0.11
d) 0.21
Answer: b
Explanation: Let A be the event of selecting a defective item. Let Ei be the event of
selecting a company. Then,
P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2) + P(E3) P(A|E3)
=(1/3)(10/100)+(1/3)(20/100)+(1/3)(5/100)
=0.35/3
=0.12.

23. Suppose 5 men out of 100 men and 10 women out of 250 women are colour blind,
then find the total probability of colour blind people. (Assume that both men and
women are in equal numbers.)
a) 0.45
 b) 0.045
c) 0.05
d) 0.5
Answer: b
Explanation: Let A be the event of selecting a colour blind person and Ei be the
event of selecting a person. Then,
P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2)
=(1/2)(5/100)+(1/2)(10/250)
= 0.045.

24. A problem is given to 5 students P, Q, R, S, T. If the probability of solving the

problem individually is 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/5, 1/6 respectively, then find the probability
that the problem is solved.
a) 0.47
b) 0.37
c) 0.57
d) 0.27
Answer: b
Explanation: Let A be the event that the problem is solved. Let E i be the event that a
student is chosen. Then,
P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2) + P(E3) P(A|E3) + P(E4) P(A|E4) + P(E5) P(A|E5)
=(1/5)(1/2)+(1/5)(1/3)+(1/5)(2/3)+(1/5)(1/5)+(1/5)(1/6)
= 0.37.

25. The probability that the political party A does a particular work is 30% and the
political party B doing the same work is 40%. Then find the probability that the work
is completed if the probability of choosing the political party A is 40% and that of B is
60%.
a) 0.12
b) 0.24
c) 0.36
d) 0.48
Answer: c
Explanation: Let A be the event of completing the work and Ei be the event of
selecting the political party. Then,
P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2)
=(40/100)(30/100)+(60/100)(40/100)
= 0.36.

26. Three companies A, B and C supply 25%, 35% and 40% of the notebooks to a
school. Past experience shows that 5%, 4% and 2% of the notebooks produced by
these companies are defective. If a notebook was found to be defective, what is the
probability that the notebook was supplied by A?
a) 44⁄69
b) 25⁄69
c) 13⁄24
d) 11⁄24
 Answer: b
Explanation: Let A, B and C be the events that notebooks are provided by A, B and
C respectively.
Let D be the event that notebooks are defective
Then,
P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.35, P(C) = 0.4
P(D|A) = 0.05, P(D|B) = 0.04, P(D|C) = 0.02
P(A│D) = (P(D│A)*P(A))/(P(D│A) * P(A) + P(D│B) * P(B) + P(D│C) * P(C) )
= (0.05*0.25)/((0.05*0.25)+(0.04*0.35)+(0.02*0.4)) = 2000/(80*69)
= 25⁄69.

27. Two boxes containing candies are placed on a table. The boxes are labelled B 1 and
B2. Box B1 contains 7 cinnamon candies and 4 ginger candies. Box B2 contains 3
cinnamon candies and 10 pepper candies. The boxes are arranged so that the
probability of selecting box B1 is 1⁄3 and the probability of selecting box B2 is 2⁄3. Suresh
is blindfolded and asked to select a candy. He will win a colour TV if he selects a
cinnamon candy. What is the probability that Suresh will win the TV (that is, she will
select a cinnamon candy)?
a) 7⁄33
b) 6⁄33
c) 13⁄33
d) 20⁄33
Answer: c
Explanation: Let A be the event of drawing a cinnamon candy.
Let B1 be the event of selecting box B1.
Let B2 be the event of selecting box B2.
Then, P(B1) =1⁄3 and P(B2) = 2⁄3
P(A) = P(A ∩ B1) + P(A ∩ B2)
= P(A|B1) * P(B1) + P(A|B2)*P(B2)
= (7⁄11) * (1⁄3) + (3⁄11) * (2⁄3)
= 13⁄33.

28. Suppose box A contains 4 red and 5 blue coins and box B contains 6 red and 3 blue
coins. A coin is chosen at random from the box A and placed in box B. Finally, a coin
is chosen at random from among those now in box B. What is the probability a blue
coin was transferred from box A to box B given that the coin chosen from box B is
red?
a) 15⁄29
b) 14⁄29
c) 1⁄2
d) 7⁄10
Answer: a
Explanation: Let E represent the event of moving a blue coin from box A to box B.
We want to find the probability of a blue coin which was moved from box A to box B
given that the coin chosen from B was red. The probability of choosing a red coin
from box A is P(R) = 7⁄9 and the probability of choosing a blue coin from box A is P(B)
= 5⁄9. If a red coin was moved from box A to box B, then box B has 7 red coins and 3
blue coins. Thus the probability of choosing a red coin from box B is 7⁄10 . Similarly, if
 a blue coin was moved from box A to box B, then the probability of choosing a red
coin from box B is 6⁄10.
Hence, the probability that a blue coin was transferred from box A to box B given
that the coin chosen from box B is red is given by
P(E|R)=P(R|E)∗P(E)/P(R)
=(6/10)∗(5/9)/(7/10)∗(4/9)+(6/10)∗(5/9)
= 15⁄29.

29. An urn B1 contains 2 white and 3 black chips and another urn B2 contains 3 white and
4 black chips. One urn is selected at random and a chip is drawn from it. If the chip
drawn is found black, find the probability that the urn chosen was B 1.
a) 4⁄7
b) 3⁄7
c) 20⁄41
d) 21⁄41
Answer: d
Explanation: Let E1, E2 denote the vents of selecting urns B1 and B2 respectively.
Then P(E1) = P(E2) = 1⁄2
Let B denote the event that the chip chosen from the selected urn is black .
Then we have to find P(E1 /B).
By hypothesis P(B /E1) = 3⁄5
and P(B /E2) = 4⁄7
By Bayes theorem P(E1 /B) = (P(E1)*P(B│E1))/((P(E1) * P(B│E1)+P(E2) * P(B│E2))
= ((1/2) * (3/5))/((1/2) * (3/5)+(1/2)*(4/7) ) = 21/41.

30. At a certain university, 4% of men are over 6 feet tall and 1% of women are over 6
feet tall. The total student population is divided in the ratio 3:2 in favour of women. If
a student is selected at random from among all those over six feet tall, what is the
probability that the student is a woman?
a) 2⁄5
b) 3⁄5
c) 3⁄11
d) 1⁄100
Answer: c
Explanation: Let Mbe the event that student is male and F be the event that the
student is female. Let T be the event that student is taller than 6 ft.
P(M) = 2⁄5 P(F) = 3⁄5 P(T|M) = 4⁄100 P(T|F) = 1⁄100
P(F│T) = (P(T│F) * P(F))/(P(T│F) * P(F) + P(T│M) * P(M))
= ((1/100) * (3/5))/((1/100) * (3/5) + (4/100) * (2/5) )
= 3⁄11.

31. Previous probabilities in Bayes Theorem that are changed with help of new available
information are classified as _________________
a) independent probabilities
b) posterior probabilities
 c) interior probabilities
d) dependent probabilities
Answer: b

32. Let X be a random variable with probability distribution function

f (x)=0.2 for |x|<1
= 0.1 for 1 < |x| < 4
= 0 otherwise
The probability P (0.5 < x < 5) is _____
a) 0.3
b) 0.5
c) 0.4
d) 0.8
Answer: c
Explanation: P (0.5 < x < 5) = Integrating f (x) from
0.5 to 5 by splitting in 3 parts that is from 0.5 to 1
and from 1 to 4 and 4 to 5 we get
P (0.5 < x < 5) = 0.1 + 0.3 + 0
P (0.5 < x < 5) = 0.4.

33. Runs scored by batsman in 5 one day matches are 50, 70, 82, 93, and 20. The
standard deviation is ______
a) 25.79
b) 25.49
c) 25.29
d) 25.69
Answer: a
Explanation: The mean of 5 innings is
(50+70+82+93+20)÷5 = 63
S.D = [1⁄n (x(n)-mean)2]0.5
S.D = 25.79.

34. Find median and mode of the messages received on 9 consecutive days 15, 11, 9,
5, 18, 4, 15, 13, 17.
a) 13, 6
b) 13, 18
c) 18, 15
d) 15, 16
Explanation: Arranging the terms in ascending order 4, 5, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 18.
Median is (n+1)/2 term as n = 9 (odd) = 13.
Mode = 18 which is repeated twice.
35. A coin is tossed up 4 times. The probability that tails turn up in 3 cases is ______
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 1/4
d) 1/6
Answer: a
Explanation: p=0.5 (Probability of tail)
q=1-0.5=0.5
n=4 and x is binomial variate.
P (X=x) = nCx px qn-x.
P (X=3) = 4C3 (0.5)3 = 1⁄2.

36. If E denotes the expectation the variance of a random variable X is denoted as?
a) (E(X))2
b) E(X2)-(E(X))2
c) E(X2)
d) 2E(X)
Answer: b
Explanation: By property of Expectation
V (X) = E (X2)-(E(X))2.

37. X is a variate between 0 and 3. The value of E(X2) is ______

a) 8
b) 7
c) 27
d) 9
Answer: d
Explanation: Integrating f(x) = x2 from 0 to 3 we get E(X2) = 32 = 9.

38. The random variables X and Y have variances 0.2 and 0.5 respectively. Let Z= 5X-
2Y. The variance of Z is?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7
Answer: d
Explanation: Var(X) = 0.2, Var(Y) = 0.5
Z = 5X – 2Y
Var(Z) = Var(5X-2Y)
= Var(5X) + Var(2Y)
= 25Var(X) + 4Var(Y)
Var(Z) = 7.

39. Which of the following mentioned standard Probability density functions is applicable
to discrete Random Variables?
a) Gaussian Distribution
b) Poisson Distribution
 c) Rayleigh Distribution
d) Exponential Distribution
Answer: b

40. What is the area under a conditional Cumulative density function?

a) 0
b) Infinity
c) 1
d) Changes with CDF
Answer: c
Explanation: Area under any conditional CDF is 1.

41. When do the conditional density functions get converted into the marginally density
functions?
a) Only if random variables exhibit statistical dependency
b) Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency
c) Only if random variables exhibit deviation from its mean value
d) If random variables do not exhibit deviation from its mean value
Answer: b

42. Mutually Exclusive events ___________

a) Contain all sample points
b) Contain all common sample points
c) Does not contain any sample point
d) Does not contain any common sample point
Answer: d
Explanation: Events are said to be mutually exclusive if they do not have any
common sample point.

43. What would be the probability of an event ‘G’ if H denotes its complement, according
to the axioms of probability?
a) P (G) = 1 / P (H)
b) P (G) = 1 – P (H)
c) P (G) = 1 + P (H)
d) P (G) = P (H)
Answer: b
Explanation: According to the given statement P(G) + P(H) = 1.

44. A table with all possible value of a random variable and its corresponding
probabilities is called ___________
a) Probability Mass Function
b) Probability Density Function
c) Cumulative distribution function
d) Probability Distribution
Answer: d
Explanation: The given statement is the definition of a probability distribution.

45. A variable that can assume any value between two given points is called
___________
 a) Continuous random variable
b) Discrete random variable
c) Irregular random variable
d) Uncertain random variable
Answer: a
Explanation: This is the definition of a continuous random variable.

46. If a variable can certain integer values between two given points is called
___________
a) Continuous random variable
b) Discrete random variable
c) Irregular random variable
d) Uncertain random variable
Answer: b
Explanation: This is the definition of a discrete random variable.

47. The expected value of a discrete random variable ‘x’ is given by ___________
a) P(x)
b) ∑ P(x)
c) ∑ x P(x)
d) 1
Answer: c

48. If ‘X’ is a continuous random variable, then the expected value is given by
___________
a) P(X)
b) ∑ x P(x)
c) ∫ X P(X)
d) No value such as expected value
Answer: c
Explanation: Since X is a continuous random variable, its expected value is given by
c.

49. Out of the following values, which one is not possible in probability?
a) P(x) = 1
b) ∑ x P(x) = 3
c) P(x) = 0.5
d) P(x) = – 0.5
Answer: d
Explanation: In probability P(x) is always greater than or equal to zero.

50. If E(x) = 2 and E(z) = 4, then E(z – x) =?

a) 2
b) 6
c) 0
d) Insufficient data
 Answer: a
Explanation: E(z – x) = E(z) – E(x)
= 4 – 2 = 2.

51. If f(x) is a probability density function of a continuous random variable,

then ∫∞−∞f(x)=?
a) 0
b) 1
c) undefined
d) Insufficient data

52. The expectation of a random variable X (E(X)) can be written as _________

a) d/dt[MX(t)](t=0)
b) d/dx[MX(t)](t=0)
c) d2/dt2[MX(t)](t=0)
d) d2/dx2[MX(t)](t=0)

Answer: a
Explanation: Expectation of a random variable X can be written as the first differentiation of
Moment generating function, which can be written as d/dt[MX(t)](t=0).

53. If P(1) = P(3) in Poisson’s distribution, what is the mean?

a) √2
b) √3
c) √6
d) √7
Explanation: P(x)=(e−λλx)/x!
Therefore, P(3)=(e−λλ3)/3!
and P(1)=(e−λλ1)/1!
P(1) = P(2)
λ=λ3/6
Therefore, λ=√6

54. What is the mean and variance for standard normal distribution?
a) Mean is 0 and variance is 1
b) Mean is 1 and variance is 0
c) Mean is 0 and variance is ∞
d) Mean is ∞ and variance is 0
Answer: a
Explanation: The mean and variance for the standard normal distribution is 0 and 1
respectively.

55. Find λ in Poisson’s distribution if the probabilities of getting a head in biased coin toss
as 3/4 and 6 coins are tossed.
a) 3.5
b) 4.5
 c) 5.5
d) 6.6
Answer: b
Explanation: p = 3⁄4
λ = np = (6) 3⁄4 = 4.5.

56. If P(6) = λP(1) in Poisson’s distribution, what is the mean?(Approximate value)

a) 4
b) 6
c) 5
d) 7
Answer: c
Explanation: e−λλ66!=λe−λλ1/1!
λ4 = 6! = 720
Therefore λ = 5.18 = 5.

57. Mean of a random variable X is given by _________

a) E(X)
b) E(X2)
c) E(X2) – (E(X))2
d) (E(X))2
Answer: a
Explanation: Mean is defined as the sum of the function in its domain multiplied with the
random variable’s value. Hence mean is given by E(X) where X is a random variable.

58. Variance of a random variable X is given by _________

a) E(X)
b) E(X2)
c) E(X2) – (E(X))2
d) (E(X))2
Answer: c
Explanation: Variance of a random variable is nothing but the expectation of the square of
the random variable subtracted by the expectation of X (mean of X) to the power 2.
Therefore the variance is given by E(X2) – (E(X))2.

59. Mean of a constant ‘a’ is ___________

a) 0
b) a
c) a/2
d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation: Let f(x) be the pdf of the random variable X.
Now, E(a) = ∫af(x)
= a∫f(x)
= a(1) = a.

60. Variance of a constant ‘a’ is _________

a) 0
b) a
c) a/2
d) 1
Answer: a
Explanation: V(a) = E(a2) – (E(X))2
 = a2 – a2
= 0.

61. Find the mean and variance of X?

x 0 1 2 3 4

f(x) 1/9 2/9 3/9 2/9 1/9

a)2, 4/3
b) 3, 4/3
c) 2, 2/3
d) 3, 2/3

62. Find the expectation of a random variable X?

x 0 1 2 3

f(x) 1/6 2/6 2/6 1/6

a)0.5
b) 1.5
c) 2.5
d) 3.5

63. Find the expectation of a random variable X if f(x) = ke-x for x>0 and 0 otherwise.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: b
Explanation: ∫∞0ke−xdx=1
kГ(1) = 1
k=1
Now, E(X)=∫∞0xe−xdx=Г(2)=1.

64. Find the mean of a random variable X if f(x) = x – 5⁄2 for 0<x<1 and 2x for 1<x<2 and 0
otherwise.
a) 3.5
b) 3.75
c) 2.5
d) 2.75
 Answer: b
Explanation: E(X)=∫10(x−5/2)dx+∫21(2x)dx+0
=(x33–5x24) {from 0 to 1} +(2x33) {from 1 to 2}
=13–54+163–23
= 3.75.

65. Find the mean of a continuous random variable X if f(x) = 2e-x for x>0 and -ex for x<0.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: d
Explanation: E(X)=∫∞02xe−xdx+∫0−∞xexdx
= 2 Г(2) + Г(2) = 3.

66. What is moment generating function?

a) Mx(t) = E(etx)
b) Mx(t) = E(e-tx)
c) Mx(t) = E(e2tx)
d) Mx(t) = E(et)
Answer: a
Explanation: Moment generating function is nothing but the expectation of etX. So, the
function is multiplied with etX before performing the integration or summation.

67. E(X) = npq is for which distribution?

a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
Answer: b
Explanation: In binomial distribution, probability of success is given by p and that of failure is
given by q and the event is done n times. The mean of this distribution is given by npq.

68. E(X) = λ is for which distribution?

a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
Answer: c
Explanation: In Poisson’s distribution, there is a positive constant λ which is the mean of the
distribution and variance of the distribution.

69. E(X) = μ and V(X) = σ2 is for which distribution?

a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
Answer: d
Explanation: In Normal distribution, the mean and variance is given by μ and σ2 respectively.
In case of standard normal distribution the mean is 0 and the variance is 1.
70. In a Binomial Distribution, if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is the probability of success,
then the mean value is given by ___________
a) np
b) n
c) p
d) np(1-p)
Answer: a
Explanation: For a discrete probability function, the mean value or the expected value is
given by
Mean (μ)=∑nx=0xp(x)
For Binomial Distribution P(x)=nCx px q(n-x), substitute in above equation and solve to get
µ = np.

71. In a Binomial Distribution, if p, q and n are probability of success, failure and number
of trials respectively then variance is given by ___________
a) np
b) npq
c) np2q
d) npq2
Answer: b
Explanation: For a discrete probability function, the variance is given by
Variance (V)=∑nx=0x2p(x)−μ2
Where µ is the mean, substitute P(x)=nCx px q(n-x) in the above equation and put µ = np
to obtain
V = npq.

72. If ‘X’ is a random variable, taking values ‘x’, probability of success and failure being
‘p’ and ‘q’ respectively and ‘n’ trials being conducted, then what is the probability that
‘X’ takes values ‘x’? Use Binomial Distribution
a) P(X = x) = nCx px qx
b) P(X = x) = nCx px q(n-x)
c) P(X = x) = xCn qx p(n-x)
d) P(x = x) = xCn pn qx
Answer: b
Explanation: It is the formula for Binomial Distribution that is asked here which is
given by P(X = x) = nCx px q(n-x).

73. If ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘n’ are probability pf success, failure and number of trials respectively in
a Binomial Distribution, what is its Standard Deviation?
a) √ np
b) √ pq
c) (np)2
d) √ npq
Answer: d
Explanation: The variance (V) for a Binomial Distribution is given by V = npq
Standard Deviation = √ variance = √ npq.
74. t is suitable to use Binomial Distribution only for ___________
a) Large values of ‘n’
b) Fractional values of ‘n’
c) Small values of ‘n’
d) Any value of ‘n’
Answer: c
Explanation: As the value of ‘n’ increases, it becomes difficult and tedious to
calculate the value of nCx.

75. For larger values of ‘n’, Binomial Distribution ___________

a) loses its discreteness
b) tends to Poisson Distribution
c) stays as it is
d) gives oscillatory values

Answer: b
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
Explanation: 𝑃(𝑋) = lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 𝑥!
Where m = np is the mean of Poisson Distribution.

76. In a Binomial Distribution, if p = q, then P(X = x) is given by?

a) nCx (0.5)n
b) nCn (0.5)n
c) nCx p(n-x)
d) nCn p(n-x)
Answer: a
Explanation: If p = q, then p = 0.5
Substituting in P(x)=nCx px q(n-x) we get nCn (0.5)n.

77. Binomial Distribution is a ___________

a) Continuous distribution
b) Discrete distribution
c) Irregular distribution
d) Not a Probability distribution
Answer: b
Explanation: It is applied to a discrete Random variable, hence it is a discrete
distribution.

78. In a Poisson Distribution, if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is the probability of
success, then the mean value is given by?
a) m = np
b) m = (np)2
c) m = np(1-p)
d) m = p

Answer: a
Explanation: For a discrete probability function, the mean value or the expected
value is given by
 Mean(μ)=∑𝑛
𝑥=0 𝑥𝑝(𝑥)
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
For Poisson Distribution P(x)= 𝑥!
substitute in above equation and solve to get µ
= m = np.

79. If ‘m’ is the mean of a Poisson Distribution, then variance is given by ___________
a) m2
b) m ⁄1
2

c) m
d) m⁄2
Answer: c
Explanation: For a discrete probability function, the variance is given by
Variance (v) = ∑𝑛 2
𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) − 𝜇
2
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
Where µ is the mean, substitute P(x)= , in the above equation and put µ = m to
𝑥!
obtain
V = m.

80. The p.d.f of Poisson Distribution is given by ___________

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
a) 𝑥!

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑥!
b) 𝑚𝑥

𝑒 𝑚 𝑚𝑥
c) 𝑥!

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑛𝑥
d) 𝑥!
Answer: a
Explanation: This is a standard formula for Poisson Distribution, it needs no
explanation.

81. If ‘m’ is the mean of a Poisson Distribution, the standard deviation is given by
___________
a) √ m
b) m2
c) m
d) m⁄2

Answer: a
Explanation: The variance of a Poisson distribution with mean ‘m’ is given by V = m,
hence
Standard Deviation = √ variance = √ m

82. Poisson distribution is applied for ___________

a) Continuous Random Variable
b) Discrete Random Variable
c) Irregular Random Variable
d) Uncertain Random Variable
 Answer: b
Explanation: Poisson Distribution along with Binomial Distribution is applied for
Discrete Random variable. Speaking more precisely, Poisson Distribution is an
extension of Binomial Distribution for larger values ‘n’. Since Binomial Distribution is
of discrete nature, so is its extension Poisson Distribution.

83. 8. If ‘m’ is the mean of Poisson Distribution, the P(0) is given by ___________
a) e-m
b) em
c) e
d) m-e

Answer: a
Explanation: P(x)=e−mmxx!
Put x = 0, to obtain e-m.
84. Normal Distribution is applied for ___________
a) Continuous Random Distribution
b) Discrete Random Variable
c) Irregular Random Variable
d) Uncertain Random Variable

Answer: a
Explanation: This is the rule on which Normal distribution is defined, no details on
this as of why For more knowledge on this aspect, you can refer to any book or
website which speaks on the same.

85. The shape of the Normal Curve is ___________

a) Bell Shaped
b) Flat
c) Circular
d) Spiked
Answer: a

86. Normal Distribution is symmetric is about ___________

a) Variance
b) Mean
c) Standard deviation
d) Covariance

Answer: b
Explanation: Due to the very nature of p.m.f of Normal Distribution, the graph
appears such that it is symmetric about its mean.

87. 4. For a standard normal variate, the value of mean is?

a) ∞
b) 1
c) 0
d) not defined
 Answer: c
Explanation: For a normal variate, if its mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1, then its
called as Standard Normal Variate. Here, the converse is asked.
88. The area under a standard normal curve is?
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) not defined
Answer: b
Explanation: For any probability distribution, the sum of all probabilities is 1. Area
under normal curve refers to sum of all probabilities.

89. The standard normal curve is symmetric about the value ___________
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) ∞
d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation: Normal curve is always symmetric about mean, for standard normal
curve or variate mean = 0.

90. For a standard normal variate, the value of Standard Deviation is ___________
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) not defined

Answer: b
Explanation: If the mean and standard deviation of a normal variate are 0 and 1
respectively, it is called as standard normal variate. Here the converse is asked.

91. What does the central limit theorem state?

a) if the sample size increases sampling distribution must approach normal
distribution
b) if the sample size decreases then the sample distribution must approach normal
distribution
c) if the sample size increases then the sampling distribution much approach an
exponential distribution
d) if the sample size decreases then the sampling distribution much approach an
exponential distribution

Answer: a
Explanation: The central limit theorem states that if the sample size increases
sampling distribution must approach normal distribution. Generally a sample size
more than 30 us considered as large enough.
92. The difference between the sample value expected and the estimates value of the
parameter is called as?
a) bias
b) error
c) contradiction
d) difference

Answer: a
Explanation: The difference between the expected sample value and the estimated
value of parameter is called as bias. A sample used to estimate a parameter is
unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is exactly equal to the true value of
the parameter being estimated.

93. The sampling error is defined as?

a) difference between population and parameter
b) difference between sample and parameter
c) difference between population and sample
d) difference between parameter and sample

Answer: c
Explanation: In sampling distribution the sampling error is defined as the difference
between population and the sample. Sampling error can be reduced by increasing
the sample size.

94. A population has N items. Samples of size n are selected without replacement. Find
the number of possible samples.
a) NCn
b) nCN
c) 2n
d) 2N

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of ways of selecting and samples of size n from a
population containing N atoms is NCn. The probability of selecting of each sample is
1/NCn.

95. A bag contains 6 balls of different colours. A student selects 2 balls at random
without replacement. Find all possible combinations of the colours of the selected
balls.
a) 13
b) 14
c) 15
d) 16

Answer: c
Explanation: Considering the experiment to be a sampling distribution where the
 population contains 6 balls and each sample contains 2 balls. The number of
possible samples are NCn that is 6C2 = 15 samples.
96. Consider a population containing N items and n are selected as a sample with
replacement. Find all the possible samples.
a) N
b) nN
c) NCn
d) Nn

Answer: d
Explanation: The number of samples containing n items selected from a population
of N items is Nn. The probability of selection of each sample is 1/Nn.

97. In a sampling distribution the population correction factor is given by?

a) (N-1/N-n)1/2
b) (N-n/N-1)1/2
c) (n-1/N-n)1/2
d) (N-1/n-1)1/2

Answer: b
Explanation: The population correction factor is given by (N-n/N-1)1/2. When we
sample the population for more than 5% without replacement we require the
population correction factor.

98. Find the value of standard error Ẋ in a sampling distribution with replacement. Given
that standard deviation of the population of 16 items is 8.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5

Answer: c
Explanation: Standard error in a sampling distribution with replacement is given by Ẋ
= σ/(n)1/2. Hence n = 16 and σ = 8
Ẋ = σ/(n)1/2
Ẋ = 8/(16)1/2
which gives the value of Ẋ = 2.

99. If the mean of population is 29 then the mean of sampling distribution is

__________
a) 29
b) 30
c) 21
d) 31

Answer: a
Explanation: In a sampling distribution the mean of the population is equal to the
mean of the sampling distribution. Hence mean of population=29. Hence mean of
sampling distribution=29.
100. A sample size is considered large in which of the following cases?
a) n > or = 30
b) n > or = 50
c) n < or = 30
d) n < or = 50
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Generally a sample having 30 or more sample values is called a large
sample. By the Central Limit Theorem such a sample follows a Normal Distribution.

101. The probability of selecting a sample containing n items from a population

with N items without replacement in a Sampling Distribution is?
a) 1/NCn
b) 1/nCN
c) 1/2n
d) 1/2N

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of ways of selecting and samples of size n from a
population containing N atoms is NCn. The probability of selecting of each sample is
1/NCn.

102. Find the number of all possible samples from a population containing 18
items from which 6 items are selected at random without replacement.
a) 18564
b) 15864
c) 20264
d) 21564

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of ways of selecting n samples from a population
containing n items is NCn. The population is N = 18 and sample size is n = 6.
Therefore the number of possible samples are 18C6 = 18564.

103. A pack of cards contains 52 cards. A player selects 4 cards at random without
replacement. Find all possible combinations of the cards selected.
a) 207752
b) 270752
c) 270725
d) 207725

Answer: c
Explanation: Considering the experiment to be a sampling distribution where the
population contains 52 cards and each sample contains 4 cards. The number of
possible samples without replacement are NCn that is 52C4 = 207725 samples.
104. A population contains N items out of which n items are selected with
replacement. Find the probability of the sample being selected.
a) 1/N
b) 1/nN
c) 1/NCn
d) 1/Nn

Answer: d
Explanation: The number of samples containing n items selected from a population
of N items is Nn. The probability of selection of each sample is 1/Nn.

105. A box contains 26 pairs of napkins. If 3 pairs of napkins are selected at

random with a replacement then the number of possible samples is _______
a) 17675
b) 17566
c) 17576
d) 17556

Answer: c
Explanation: The number of samples formed with n items from a population
containing N items is Nn.
Here N = 26 and n = 3.
Hence samples are Nn = 263 = 17576.