Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

A mini seminar Presentation

S. Blessy Amulya - 22ECM3R23

NIT, Warangal.

September 30, 2022

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Overview

1 Introduction
Need for OFDM

2 Principle of OFDM
Orthogonality:

3 Block Diagram:
IFFT:
Cyclic Prefix:

4 Design Parameters:

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Overview

1 Introduction
Need for OFDM

2 Principle of OFDM

3 Block Diagram:

4 Design Parameters:

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Introduction
▶ The traditional single carrier communication systems do not perform well because
it suffers extreme fading of the signal and Inter Symbol Interference.
▶ Because of the high-speed data transmission and effectiveness in combating the
frequency selective fading channel, OFDM technique is widely used in wireless
communication.

Figure 1: OFDM

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Need for OFDM

▶ To overcome the limitations posed by single carrier FDM:
▶ Lower Spectral Efficiency
▶ Higher Bandwidth
▶ Effect of ISI and ICI
▶ Lower data rate
▶ Short Symbol times
▶ Need for equalizers

Figure 2: FDM

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Overview

1 Introduction

2 Principle of OFDM
Orthogonality:

3 Block Diagram:

4 Design Parameters:

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Principle of OFDM

▶ Sub-carriers: The OFDM concept is based on spreading the high speed data to
be transmitted over a large number of low rate sub-carriers.
▶ Orthogonality of carriers: The carriers are orthogonal to each other and frequency
spacing between them are created by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Orthogonality Principle:
Z T
cos(2πnf0 t)cos(2πmf0 t)dt = 0(n ̸= m)
0

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Orthogonality:
Figure 3: .

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Overview

1 Introduction

2 Principle of OFDM

3 Block Diagram:
IFFT:
Cyclic Prefix:

4 Design Parameters:

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Block Diagram:

Figure 4: Block Diagram of OFDM

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

IFFT:

▶ The symbols are modulated into orthogonal sub-carriers using IFFT.

▶ The OFDM concept would use N oscillators for N different subcarrier frequencies

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Cyclic Prefix:

▶ OFDM also uses a cyclic prefix (CP) to overcome the residual ISI
▶ Cyclic Prefix adds additional time to the OFDM symbol before the real data is
sent

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Overview

1 Introduction

2 Principle of OFDM

3 Block Diagram:

4 Design Parameters:

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

Design Parameters:

▶ The number of Sub-carriers ¡= (ifft size)/2

▶ The fundamerntal frequency f is usually set to the reciprocal of each symbol
duration T.
▶ Cyclic prefix percentage to relieve ISI and ICI.
▶ Modulation used QAM

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Introduction Principle of OFDM Block Diagram: Design Parameters: References

References I
▶ ”Digital Communications” by John G. Proakis
▶ IEEE Conference on ”Performance Analysis of OFDM, W-OFDM, F-OFDM Under
Rayleigh Fading Channel for 5G Wireless Communications”
▶ Wikipedia.com
▶ J. F. Schmidt, S. Costa-Sanz and R. Lopez-Valcarce, ”Choose Your Subcarriers
Wisely: Active Interference Cancellation for Cognitive OFDM”, IEEE Journal on
Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 2013

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