Teacher Cristy P.

Mohammed
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the steps that undergo in
performing the operation on
functions.
2. Demonstrate how to perform
operations on functions.
3. Develop accuracy in performing
operations on functions.

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Review:

Addition and Subtraction

• Find the LCD of both fractions.
• Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the
same LCD.
• The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
• The sum or difference of the numerators is the
numerator of the resulting fraction.
Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed
Example:
1. Find the sum of 1/3 and 2/5.
1 2 5 6 11
+ = 15 + 15 = 15
3 5
1 2
2. Find the sum of 𝑥 −3 and 𝑥 −5.
2
LCD: (x-3)(x-5) or 𝑥 - 8x + 15
1 2 𝑥 −5 2(𝑥−3)
𝑥 −3
+ 𝑥 −5
= 𝑥2 −8x+15 + 𝑥 2 −8x+15
𝑥−5+2𝑥 −6
= 𝑥 2 −8x+15
3𝑥 −11
= 𝑥 2 −8x+15
Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed
Multiplication:
• Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of
its prime factors.
• Common factors in the numerator and denominator
can be simplified as (this is often called canceling).
• Multiply the numerators together to get the new
numerator.
• Multiply the denominators together to get the new
denominator.
Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed
Example:
10 15
1. Find the product of 21 and 8 .
10 15 2∙5 3∙5 25
∙ = 3 ∙7 ∙ 2∙2∙2 = 28
21 8
𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
2. Find the product of 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 & 𝑥 2 −3𝑥−10
𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 (𝑥+1)(𝑥−5) (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
2 ∙ 2 = ∙
𝑥 −3𝑥+2 𝑥 −3𝑥−10 (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) (𝑥−5)(𝑥+2)
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−3) 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3
= =
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Division:
To divide two fractions or rational expressions,
multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the
divisor.

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials
Rule:
• To add two polynomials, write the sum and simplify by
combining like terms.
• To subtract an expression from another expression, add its
negative. That is, a – b = a + (-b)

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Example:
1. To add 3x + 4 and 7x – 8, we have:
(3x + 4) + (7x – 8) = (3x + 7x) + (4 – 8)
= 10x + (-4)
= 10x – 4
Or 3x + 4
+ 7x – 8
10x - 4

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Example:
2. To subtract 7x + 2 from 5x + 4, we have:
(5x + 4) – (7x + 2) = (5x + 4) + (-7x – 2)
= 5x – 7x + (4 – 2)
= -2x + 2
Or 5x + 4
- 7x + 2
-2x + 2

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Multiplication of Polynomials
Use law of exponents
1. Product Rule for Exponents:
𝑥 𝑚 • 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛
2. Power Rule for Exponents:
(𝑥 𝑚 )n = 𝑥 𝑚𝑛
3. Power of a Product Rule:
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥 𝑦

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Example:
Simply the following.
1. (𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )(𝑥 4 𝑦 5 ) = 𝑥 6 𝑦 8
2. (𝑚3 )2 𝑚7 = 𝑚13
To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term
polynomial by the monomial.
Ex. 5x(x+4) = 5𝑥 2 + 20x

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

The FOIL Method (First, Out, In, Last):
(a + b) (c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
Ex. (x + 3) (x + 5) = 𝑥 2 + 8x + 15
Or x + 3
x x+5
𝑥 2 + 3x
5x + 15
𝑥 2 + 8x + 15

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Special Products
Square of a Binomial
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2xy + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 - 2xy + 𝑦 2
Ex. (𝑎 + 7)2 = 𝑎2 + 2a7 + 72 = 𝑎2 +14a+49
Cube of a Binomial
(𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3 𝑥 2 y + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
(𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 - 3 𝑥 2 y + 3𝑥𝑦 2 - 𝑦 3
Ex. (2𝑥 + 5)3 = 8𝑥 3 + 3(2𝑥)2 (5) + 3(2x)(5)2 +53
= 8𝑥 3 + 60𝑥 2 + 150x + 125

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Product of Sum and Difference
(x + y) (x – y) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
Ex. (4t + 9)(4t – 9), here x = 4t and y = 9
(4t + 9)(4t – 9) = (4𝑡)2 - (9)2
= 16𝑡 2 - 81
Square of a Trinomial
(x + y + z)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2xy + 2xz +2yz

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Division of Monomials
Rules of Division for Exponents
For every positive integer m and n, and x ≠ 0.
𝑥𝑚
= 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛 , when m > n
𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑚 1
𝑥𝑛
= 𝑥 𝑛−𝑚 , when m < n
𝑥𝑚
= 𝑥 0 or 1 , when m = n, 𝑥 𝑛 ≠ 0
𝑥𝑛

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Applying of Division Rules for
Exponents
𝑥5
= 𝑥 5−2 = 𝑥 3
𝑥2

𝑎4 1 1
= 𝑎6−4 =
𝑎6 𝑎2

𝑚3
=1
𝑚3

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Operations on
Functions

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Example:
Use these functions to develop the following functions.
𝑥+7
f(x) = x + 3 h(x) = 2 −𝑥
𝑥 −2
p(x) = 2x – 7 t(x) = 𝑥+3
v(x) = 𝑥 2 + 5x + 4
g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2x - 8

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Determine the following functions.
𝑥+7
f(x) = x + 3 h(x) = 2 −𝑥
𝑥 −2
p(x) = 2x – 7 t(x) = 𝑥+3
v(x) = 𝑥 2 + 5x + 4
g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2x - 8

1. (v + g)(x)
2. (f∙p)(x)
3. (f + h)(x)
4. (p – f)(x)
𝑣
5. 𝑔
(x)

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Solution:
1. (v + g)(x) = v(x) + g(x)
= (𝑥 2 + 5x + 4) + (𝑥 2 + 2x – 8)
= 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 7x – 4
2. (f∙p)(x) = f(x) ∙ p(x)
= (x + 3)(2x – 7)
=𝟐𝒙𝟐 -x - 21

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Solution:
3. (f + h)(x) = f(x) + h(x)
𝑥+7
= (x + 3) +
2 −𝑥
(𝑥+3)(2 −𝑥) 𝑥+7
= +
2 −𝑥 2 −𝑥
𝑥+3 2 −𝑥 +(𝑥+7)
= 2−𝑥
(2𝑥+6 − 𝑥 2 −3𝑥)+(𝑥+7)
= 2 −𝑥

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

 6 −𝑥 −𝑥 2 +𝑥+7
= 2 −𝑥
13 − 𝑥 2 −1 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟑
= ∙ =
2 −𝑥 −1 𝒙 −𝟐

4. (p – f)(x) = p(x) – f(x)

= (2x – 7) – (x + 3)
= x - 10

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

 𝑣 𝑣(𝑥)
5. (x) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑣 𝑥 2 + 5x + 4
(x) =
𝑔 𝑥 2 + 2x − 8
𝑣 𝑥+1 (𝑥+4)
(x) =
𝑔 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+4)
𝒗 𝒙+𝟏
𝒈
(x) = 𝒙 −𝟐

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Application:
If f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2x – 3,
find:
a. (f + g)(x)
b. (f – g)(x)
c. (f ∙ g)(x)
𝑓
d. 𝑔
(x)

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

Solution:
a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (3x – 2) + (𝑥 2 + 2x – 3)
= 𝒙𝟐 + 5x – 5
b. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
= (3x – 2) – (𝑥 2 + 2x – 3)
= −𝑥 2 + x + 1
= 𝒙𝟐 - x - 1
Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed
Solution:
c. (f ∙ g)(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x)
= (3x – 2) (𝑥 2 + 2x – 3)
= 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 - 9x - 2𝑥 2 - 4x + 6
= 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 - 13x + 6
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d. ( )(x) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
3x – 2 𝟑𝒙 −𝟐
= 2 =
𝑥 + 2x – 3 (𝒙 −𝟏)(𝒙+𝟑)
The domain of f/g is the set of all real numbers except
-3 and 1. {x I x ≠ -3 & x ≠1}
Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed
More Activities:
Let f(x) = 𝑥 2 - 5 and g(x) = 5x + 4, find:
a. (f + g)(x)
b. (f + g)(3)
c. (f - g)(x)
d. (f – g)(5)

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed

THANK YOU
for
LISTENING

Teacher Cristy P. Mohammed