MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Mangaldan, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2021 – 2022
Senior High School Department
Humanities and Social Sciences
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

Quarter 1 – Week 6

Lecture No. 10

MELC: Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.

Objectives:

1. Learners should be able to have an understanding about social groups/ social organizations, its
function, importance, and its significant contribution as a part of a system – the society.
2. Analyze aspects of social organization
3. Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions

GROUP AND ORGANIZATION

What is a group? How can we be part of a group? In this lesson, we will dive into the atoms and
compounds of society.

This is the dawn of K-pop. A music genre that really scooped the whole world. Heard of the group BTS,
Twice, EXO and Blackpink? Are you a fan? Their fans are called, Army, Once, EXO-L and Blinks. These
fandoms have a lot in common, more than you think.

Let’s take Twice as an example. This is a girl group of JYP entertainment. Twice is composed of 9 visuals,
talent and good character. Another thing that binds them together is their love and passion for their
work. These idols have an incredible number of fans called Once. This fandom is made up of millions of
individuals. These people share something in common, it could be the love of music, their admiration for
the girls, or something similar to that.

So, what is a Group? Groups are a fundamental part of social life. As we will see they can be very small –
just two people – or very large. They can be highly rewarding to their members and to society as a
whole, but there are also significant problems and dangers with them.

Recall a time when people in your Facebook group chat fought? There are those who gossiped the
whole situation, others got affected by it, and others hardly. Which one were you? Did you talk about it
with other friends? Were you the one involved? Or did you not take any interest in it? Either way, being
part of that group somehow got you involved with everyone and every happening in it.

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Just how we define ‘group’ and the characteristics or ideas we use has been a matter of debate for many
years. The significance of collectivities like families, friendship circles, and tribes and clans has been long
recognized, but it is really only in the last century or so that groups were studied scientifically and theory
developed (Mills 1967: 3). In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Émile Durkheim established just
how wrapped up individual identity was with group membership, and Gustave Le Bon argued that
people changed as they joined groupings such as crowds.

Have you ever started liking something because your friend said it was cool? Have you listened to a song
because someone recommended it? These are influences from our peers, and we do the same to them.
Let’s dig deeper.

Definition: A Group is basically an assemblage of people. It can be understood as a collection of

individuals which is two or more, who come together and interact with each other, so as to achieve the
objectives of the organization. These are the foundation of an organization.

Of course, we have the characteristics of a group. These are:

1. Size: To form a group, it must be having at least two members. Practically, the number of group
members ranges from 15 to 20. The more the members in the group, the more complex it is to
manage.
2. Goals: Every group has certain goals, that are the reasons for its existence.
3. Norms: A group has certain rules, for interacting with the group members.
4. Structure: It has a structure, based on the roles and positions held by the members.
5. Roles: Every member of a group has certain roles and responsibilities, which are assigned, by the
group leader.
6. Interaction: The interaction between the group members can occur in several ways, i.e. face to
face, telephonic, in writing or in any other manner.
7. Collective Identity: A group is an aggregation of individuals, which are separately called as
members, and collectively called as a group.
Let’s take a club for example. Every club has a certain goal, and every member has to do their part to
reach that goal. In order to reach that goal, all the members have to help one another because of the
interdependence among them.

Group Attribute

These are the general qualities that distinguish a group (Benson, 2001):

1. Interdependence between members

2. Distinguished identity by both members and non-members
3. Roles are assigned to each member

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 4. Mutual reciprocity exists between members
5. Existence of social structure
6. Influence of norms to its social structure
7. Relationship between member roles
8. Have aims, goals, purposes, or aspiration
9. Activities directed to accomplishing goals
10. A duration period (short term or long term)

However, there are three fundamental things for a group to exist (elements). These three emerged from
Donelson Forsyth’s (2017) definition of a group as cited by Smith (2019).

Numbers – An obvious but crucial consideration is the size of the group. Large groups function
differently in a number of important respects to smaller groups. Size impacts on group communication.
a group is usually seen as a small collection of people like dyad (composed of two individuals) and triad
(composed of three individuals). However, groups that have a relatively large population exist, (e.g.
religious groups, fandoms, companies, and schools). A group can either have a small or a large
population, although may still have significant commonalities (Smith, 2019).

Connection - since a group is defined as a collection of people with similarities, this doesn’t mean that
having the same height or eye colour can be considered a strong link between individuals. Physical
commonalities aren’t considered a strong link for a group to maintain its existence. Howbeit, a certain
link that connects individuals between individuals in a group are usually abstract in its form; just like in
families, members are not juts connected due to their blood but because of social and emotional
connection, thus, creating a strong link between each individual.

Relationship – As cited in Smith’s article, Forsyth (2017) stated that relations between members of a
group exists but also may differ at the same time. Imagine, within a family, members are linked due to
kinship, right? However, within a company, members aren’t related due to their blood but because of
task-related dependence. Links between members of a group can also be strong or weak depending on
every situation.

Significance of Groups

Since we have discussed the basic information regarding groups, let’s move on to its importance and
how this affects us.

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Smith (2019) stated three benefits an individual get from belonging to a group. These are:

1. Socialization and Education

Groups can be sites where people can improve their knowledge (school or clubs), values (family
and friends), skills, and attitude.
2. Flourish and grow relationships
An individual’s relationship with their friends and family can be nourished with interaction and
observation between each other. A group can also be a source of emotional support for
members.
3. Wisdom
By interacting with each member, and individual tend to be influenced by other member’s
personality or attitude, this also apply to one’s wisdom. Interacting can be a means of sharing
one’s wisdom between members, therefore making a group a source of flourishing one’s
wisdom.

Working on a complex and independent task that is too complex for an individual to perform and that
cannot be easily broken down into independent tasks. A group can help generate new ideas or creative
solutions to solve problems that require inputs from several people. To cut short, we don’t have to carry
the entire burden alone, there are people are up to give a hand, thus making our lives better.

Lecture No. 11

SOCIAL GROUP

Today we’ll be talking about Social Groups, its characteristics, formation, types, importance, and
influence within the society.

Let us first discuss what the term “SOCIAL GROUP” is.

A social group is a collection of people who interact with each other and share similar characteristics
and a sense of unity. The group life has that feeling, the longing to belong. a social group comprises of
two or more people that share the same interest and collectively have a sense of unity.

Examples of groups include: families, companies, circles of friends, clubs, local chapters of fraternities
and sororities, and local religious congregations.

Renowned social psychologist Muzafer Sherif formulated a technical definition of a social group. It is a
social unit consisting of a number of individuals interacting with each other with respect to:

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 1. common motives and goals;
2. an accepted division of labor;
3. established status relationships;
4. accepted norms and values with reference to matters relevant to the group; and
5. the development of accepted sanctions, such as raise and punishment, when norms were
respected or violated.
Think about it, there are groups everywhere. At home, we have our family, when we step outside, we
have our neighborhood. When we go to school, we have our class, our different clubs and more. Recall
the lesson we had on Structural Functionalism? Society as we know it is made up of interrelated parts.
Like how everything in this whole universe is able to function in the way that it is today, atom by atom,
to the smallest particle, everything relevant and has a role to play.

Let’s talk about the Types of groups first, on the basis of contact. The Primary and Secondary Groups.

First the PRIMARY.  Primary group are small in size and characterized by personal, intimate and non-
specialized relationship between their members.  A great example is your Family. The definition fits
perfectly. These relations are based on ties of affection and loyalty, involve many different aspects to
people’s lives, and endure over long period of times, according to Cooly. This tends to be small and
ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals. The interaction and communication among
members is of intimate and personal in nature. Members commonly develop strong emotional bonds
with other members. This generally persists over extensive period of time.

Importance of Primary Group

Primary Group is the birth place of human nature. This helps in the socialization of the individuals and
maintains social control over them. This is able to teach the members to work in the society according
to their rules. Primary groups are the nuclear cells of social organization, meaning this is the core of all
groups. This serves to induce the development of the individual personalities.

Next is Secondary Group

Secondary groups refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual
understanding. A good example of this is a business organization, political parties, labor union etc. you
see, the relationship between the members is very superficial and there is only indirect exertion of
influence amongst them. These groups are those that are relatively casual and impersonal in their
relationship. Relationships in them are usually competitive rather than mutually helpful according to.
P.H.Landis. The groups which provide experience lacking in intimacy are called secondary groups

Elements of Secondary Group Formal and impersonal relations:

4. The group does not exert any primary influence upon its members.
5. They do not meet face to face.

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 6. They perform their jobs, carry out their order, pay their dues and still may not see each other
face to face.
7. Large in size: They may be spread all over the world

Let’s now make a comparison between the two groups. First, the size and area. The Primary group is
smaller in size compared to the secondary group. Next is the type of relationship in the groups. The
more intimate and personal vibe is the primary group, while the Secondary group is much formal and
reserved. Another thing is, there are rules to be followed on the Secondary group, and on the other
hand, the primary group doesn’t have any official rules to follow, but more on morality.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

After tackling about the two classifications of a social group, we will discuss about how we can identify
social organizations within social groups.

What is a social organization? How can we identify its characteristics?

Social Organization exists as a collection of individuals who practice an established pattern of

relationship. McGee (1997:132) presented the characteristics of social organizations.

The characteristics are as follows:

a. Existing status and roles on the basis of sex, age, etc.

b. Frequency of activities between members
c. Governing system of values and norms for social activities
d. Control on the behaviour of others and sanctions in maintaining order
e. Repeated activities and behaviour

Within a social organization exists what we call, Social Structure – a system of roles and obligations set
within the hierarchy of status/position that holds the arrangement of power and authority within a
group and is guided by norms (Sheriff & Sheriff, 1977).

After discussing about the two classification of a social group, we’ll proceed to its sub – classification.
The in – group and out – group.

Then the types of groups on the basis of Identification; The In-group and Out-group.

Members of primary and some secondary groups feel loyal to those groups and take pride in belonging
to them. We call such groups in-groups. Fraternities, sororities, sports teams, and juvenile gangs are
examples of in-groups. Members of an in-group often end up competing with members of another
group for various kinds of rewards. This other group is called an out-group.

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Reference Groups

Primary and secondary groups can act both as our reference groups or as groups that set a standard for
guiding our own behavior and attitudes. This group serves as a standard of their ideal self (Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt - Sociology, 2015) The family we belong to obviously affects our actions and views, as,
for example, there were probably times during your adolescence when you decided not to do certain
things with your friends to avoid disappointing or upsetting your parents. On the other hand, your
friends regularly acted during your adolescence as a reference group, and you probably dressed the way
they did or did things with them, even against your parents’ wishes, precisely because they were your
reference group. 

How about you? Have you come to realize which group you are part of?

That’s it for today class, I hope you can reflect on your life with this new knowledge you’ve acquired.
Kindly answer the activities of this lesson.
References:

https://businessjargons.com/group.html

https://www.iedunote.com/group

http://hs.hjisd.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_816187/File/Wendy%20Kee/Sociology/Sociology%20Ch%20.%204%20S.%204.ppt

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/types-of-groups/

https://www.yourdictionary.com/group

https://classroom.synonym.com/importance-of-social-groups-12080840.html

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/types-of-groups/

https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter6-groups-and-organization/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/types-of-social-groups/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20groups
%20include%3A%20families,definition%20of%20a%20social%20group.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-social-groups-primary-secondary-and-reference-groups.html

https://www.slideshare.net/jamesmacroony/social-groups-56586876

https://www.slideshare.net/mptasleem/social-groups-43182989

Prepared by:

Manuel G. Jimenez

SHS Teacher II – HumSS

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 MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mangaldan, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2021 – 2022
Senior High School Department
Humanities and Social Sciences
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

Name: ________________________________ Section:__________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________ Date of Submission: __________

Worksheet No. 6 Score: _______ HPS: 30___

Part I: THE BOAT IS SINKING (10 points)

Directions:
1. Draw a boat with different levels and areas.
2. Mark and design every part according to a group you’re in (eg. Bikers Club, you can draw Bicycle
pieces)

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Part II: I AM A PART OF THE PUZZLE (10 points)

Directions: Write a story about you starting a club. It could be about anything. Use a separate paper if
needed. Gagawa ka ng sarili mong kwento kaya huwag kang kukuha sa google.

Part III: WE ARE THE WORLD (10 points)

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Directions: Write down all the groups that you’re in and why you joined that group. Identify whether it
is a primary, secondary, i-group, out-group, or reference group. Make an extra copy for your reference.

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