MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

REFRESHER MODULE – S22 – STEEL COLUMN 2

SITUATION. (CE BOARD NOV.2019)
The frame shown has the following values of moment of inertia of beams and
columns.

Members Moment of Inertia (mm4) Length (mm)

AB 221.85x106 4000 1. Which of the following nearly gives the factor G for the top end of member KL?
BC 221.85x106 3000 A. 2.14 B. 2.38 C. 2.87 D. 2.65
DE 300.94x106 4000
EF 300.94x106 3000 2. Which of the following nearly gives the factor G for the bottom end of member
GH 275.96x106 4000 KL?
HI 275.96x106 3000 A. 2.57 B. 2.23 C. 2.96 D. 3.21
BE 757.54x106 11500
CF 557.75x106 11500 3. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective length of column KL in
EH 986.47x106 11500 meters?
FI 757.54x106 11500 A. 3.05 B. 3.25 C. 3.48 D. 3.87

1. Using the appropriate alignment chart, determine the effective length factor SITUATION:
of column BC. Assume this to be uninhibited. A hollow circular steel column shown in the figure has an outside diameter of 150
A. 2.30 C. 1.52 mm and inside diameter of 138 mm. Column AC has a length of 4m and beam
B. 0.60 D. 2.73 AB has a length of 6m. Use E=210 GPa.
2. Using the appropriate alignment chart, determine the effective length factor
of column AB. Assume this to be uninhibited.
A. 2.63 C. 0.50
B. 1.44 D. 2.56
3. Using the appropriate alignment chart, determine the effective length factor
of column DE. Assume this to be inhibited.
A. 1.25 C. 2.65
B. 0.86 D. 0.53

SITUATION.
The sway frame shown consists of members with identical I/L values.

1. Calculate the Euler critical load of column AC (kN), considering it to be pinned

at both ends.
A. 513 B. 1025 C. 869 D. 913

2. Calculate the Euler critical load of column AC, considering it to be pinned at A

and fixed at C.
A. 1774 B. 1863 C. 1365 D. 1694
1. Determine the effective length factor of the Column 1-2.
A. 1.75 C. 1.90 3. Calculate the safe value of w considering pin support at A and fixed supports
B. 2.69 D. 0.53 at B and C. Assume that beam AB does not govern the design.
2. Determine the effective length factor of the Column 3-4. A. 828 B. 788 C. 753 D. 607
A. 1.90 C. 0.62
B. 1.27 D. 2.23
3. Determine the effective length factor of the Column 5-6.
A. 0.75 C. 1.23
B. 1.90 D. 2.50

SITUATION.
A steel frame shown in the figure and it is braced against joint translation
(sidesway). The girders are W21x402 with I=0.0051 m4. The columns are
W21x93, with I=0.0086 m4. It is required to determine the effective length of the
column KL using the alignment chart.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

SITUATION: Alignment Chart – Sidesway Uninhibited (Moment Frame)

A compression member of a steel truss 3m long consist of two angles 150mm x
100mm x 10mm with long legs back-to-back spaced at 10mm apart. Use NSCP
2015 specifications.

Properties of one angle:

Ix=5.58 x10^6 mm^4 Iy=2.20 x10^6 mm^4
x=23.75 mm y=48.75 mm
A=2400 mm^2 Fy=230 MPa

1. Determine the allowable axial stress (MPa)

A. 152 B. 179 C. 161 D. 107

2. Determine the safe axial load that the column could carry (kN)
A. 514 B. 730 C. 773 D. 859

3. Determine the spacing (mm) of the long legs back-to-back to be equally

strong at both axes.
A. 10.0 B. 27.6 C. 13.9 D. 36.1

The subscripts A and B in the chart refer to the joints at two ends of the column
section being considered. The factor G is defined as:

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑙 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 𝐸𝐼 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙

∑( ) ∑( ) ∑( )
𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑙 𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑙 𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑙
𝐺= = 𝐸𝐼
=
𝐸𝑔 𝐼𝑔 𝐼𝑔
∑( ) ∑( ) ∑( )
𝐿𝑔 𝐿 𝑔 𝐿𝑔

in which the ∑ indicates the summation of all members rigidly connected to that
column joint, 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 is the moment of inertia and 𝐿𝑐 is the unsupported length of a
column section, and 𝐼𝑔 is the moment of inertia and 𝐿𝑔 is the unsupported length
of a girder or other restraining member. In calculating G, only rigidly attached
girders or columns are included.

For column ends supported by but not rigidly connected to a footing or

foundation, G is theoretically infinity, but, unless designed as a true friction free
pin, may be taken as “10” for practical designs. If the column end is rigidly
attached to a properly designed footing, G may be taken as “1.0”.

Alignment Chart – Sidesway Inhibited (Braced Frame)