CHAPTER 2
Major Areas of Art:
1. Literary Art
-written materials, poetry, prose and drama,
variety of writing forms, short stories, playscripts,
comics, creative non-fiction and different types of poetry
-entertain and give aesthetic pleasure, literary
purpose is on words
2. Visual Art
-painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture,
ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts
and architecture
-fundamental component of human experience
reflecting the world and the time in which we live
-helps us understand our history, culture, lives
and experience of others
3. Audio-Visual Art
-is the exploration of kinetic abstract art and
music or sound set in relation to each other
-improves communication by heightening the
awareness of your audience’s sight and hearing
-sound and visual arts, video dance, film and
television
 Visual Arts (painting, sculpture)
 Auditory Arts (music, radio drama)
The Elements of Art
 Representational Arts / Objective Art
Figurative Art
 Non-representational / Non-objective Art
Functions of Art
1. Art of Delight
- We need delight, enjoyment, pleasure,
decoration, amusement, and embellishment in our lives
to” lift us above the steam of life”, as a note art critic
wrote. Visual delight in a work of art can take many
forms, including an appreciation of beauty or decoration,
or delight in an element of surprise
2. Art as Commentary
- Before the advent of the photography in the
nineteenth century, artists and illustrators were our only
source of information about the visual appearance of
anything. By providing a visual account of an event or a
person, or by expressing an opinion, artists ha shaped
not only the way people understand their own world but
also how their culture is viewed by others. Artists who
fulfill our need for commentary often speak in language
easy to understand, they view art's primary goal as
communication between artists and viewer by means of
subject matter.
3. Art in Worship and Ritual
- Another function of art has been to enhance
religious contemplation, and most of the world’s
religions have found ways to incorporate artists’
creativity into their sacred rituals, place, and ceremonies.
Thomas Aquinas, one of the most important Roman
Catholic theologian, wrote in the thirteenth century of
the function of art as an aid to religious teaching: “It is
benefit-ting holy scripture to put forward divine and
spiritual truths by means of comparisons with material
things. For God provides for everything according to the
capacity of its nature.” He also wrote, “It is natural for
man to be pleased with representation”, meaning that we
human enjoy looking at pictures of things. Thus an
artwork, if attractively presented” raise (viewers) to the
knowledge of intelligible truths”
4. Art for Commemoration
- We all have a profound need to remember and
show respect for those who have gone before us some
commemoration is personal, as we each hold memories
of people important in our lives. But commemoration is
more often a more public act, perhaps celebrating a
significant person or event, or honoring patriotic actions.
Commemoration of any kind connects us with the chain
of humanity that stretches back for millennia, making
human life more significant and valuable. Visual
imagery played a decisive role in lost types of
commemoration.
5. Art for Persuasion
- Many art-forms have a persuasive function.
Splendid government buildings, public monuments,
television commercials, and music videos all harness the
/ power of art to influence action and opinion
6. Art as Self-Expression
- For most of human history, self-expression has
not been a primary reason for creating art. Other social
and cultural needs, such as the five we have already
considered, more fully engaged the talents of artists. Art
fulfills an expressive function when an artist conveys
information about his or her personality or feelings or
worldview, and aside from a social cause, market
demand, commissioning ruler, or aesthetic urge.
Subjects of Art
1. Landscapes depict inland physical environment.
2. Seascapes gives a picture of the seas and their
surroundings including objects and sceneries found on
them.
3. Cityscapes depict urban sceneries.
4. Still life represents inanimate objects in an indoor
setting.
5. Animals are the earliest and popular subject of art.
6. Portraits depict realistic likeness of a person in
painting, sculpture, drawing, or prints and always with
clothes.
7. Figures focus the human body either clothed or nude;
thus, it represents human form. Sometimes only the body
is depicted without the face.
8. Everyday Life represents man’s daily activities.
9. History portrays historical scenes.
10. Legend depicts legendary stories.
11. Religion pictures religious symbols and personalities
which are used in religion to aid worship and
inspire/instruct feeling of devotion.
12. Myth represents mythological symbols, gods and
goddesses.
13. Dreams depicts vague and illogical scenes and
sometimes lifelike situations which seem to represent
something real unless the artist tells us that his work is
only a dream. There is no choice in a dream.
14. Fantasy depicts strange, irrational and absurd scene.
There is a choice to change the scene anytime.
15. Ugly and Tragic Arts is anything under the sun that
can be used as subject of art.
Visual Arts
- Artworks that can be seen and occupies space.
Classifications of Visual Arts:
 Dimensional Art or 2- dimensional art
- Paintings, drawings, and photography
 3 Dimensional Art
- Architecture, sculpture, crafts, furniture,
landscape and industrial designs
Auditory Arts
- Artworks that can be heard and those that can
be expressed in time.
- Music and literature

Combined Arts
- A combination of visual arts and auditory arts

Artist’s Technique
 Refers to the way the artist/s create an artwork
 based on the artist/s imagination and creativity
 Artists differ in techniques and medium
Mediums for Visual Arts
1. For Painting:
 Watercolor
 Fresco
 Tempera
 Pastel
CHAPTER 3: THE ARTIST & ARTISAN  Oil
Medium  Mosaic
- From the Latin word “medium” which refers to  Acrylic
the ways or means of an artist to communicate his or her 2. For Drawing:
idea through an artwork.  Pencil
- refers to the materials which the artist used to  Colored pencil
interpret his/her feelings and thoughts  Ink
Example:  Markers
ARTIST MEDIUM PRODUCT  Pastels
Paints, base,
 Pentel Pens
Painters canvass and paintings
 Chalk
brush
3. For Photography:
Wood, stone, &
 Film
Architects other building Infrastructures
materials  Digital
Metal, wood, 4. For Printmaking:
Sculptures steel, marbles, Sculptures  Monoprint
and bronze  Etching
Musical  Woodcut
instruments( pi  Linocut
Musicians ano, Music 5. For Sculpture:
Guitar, harp,  Clay
etc.)  Stone
Stories, poems,  Metal
Writers Words
novels, etc.  Brass
 Gold
  Lead
 Plaster
6. For Architecture:
 Cement
 Cob
 Glass
 Metal
 Stone
 Brick
 Wood

ARTISTS AND ARTISANS

Artists
- Refers to individuals who possess creativity in
producing works of art wherein people who viewed the
works of art may express their enjoyment and aesthetic
appreciation.
Artisans
- Refers to individuals who are skilled at making
items with the use of their hands, skills, experiences, and
talents.
- Artisans’ products are functional and can be
used in everyday living.