PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 - EXERCISE

CHAPTER 1:
CONCEPTS AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)

Email: nvdung@hcmut.edu.vn
 1
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, VOLUME

1/ Pressure (P) in International System of Units - SI [Pa]

1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 bar = 105 Pa = 100 kPa
1 atm = 101325 Pa 1 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mmHg

2/ Temperature (T)
oC: Celsius K: Kelvin oF: Fahrenheit (less use)
[K] = 273.15 + [oC]

3/ Volume (V) – m3 in SI
1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3 1 mL = 1/1000 L = 10-6 m3
Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT
 2
ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 3
ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 4
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

When both temperature and pressure change:

𝟏 𝝏𝑽
𝜶=
𝑽 𝝏𝑻 𝑷,𝒏 ΔV
≈ α. ∆T − κT . ∆P
V

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 5
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 6
IDEAL GAS, PARTIAL PRESSURES

PV = n.R.T
R Unit Energy Pressure Volume

8.314 J.K−1.mol−1 J Pa m3

0.082 L.atm.K−1.mol−1 - atm L

1.987 cal.K−1.mol−1 cal Pa m3

Mole fraction Partial pressures

ni
xi = Pi = xi.Ptotal ni RT
n
Ptotal = Pi
Pi =
V
n = ni
Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT
 7
REAL GAS, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

PVm = RT PVm = Z .RT

All fluids at the same reduced

temperature and reduced pressure
have the same compressibility factor.

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 8
REAL GAS, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 9
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM CHART

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 10
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION

2
nRT n RT a
P= − 2
Or
P= − a 
V − nb  V  (Vm − b) Vm

a
pc =
27b 2
Vc = 3b

8a
Tc =
27bR

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 11
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 12
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 13
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 14
EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 15
EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 16
EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 17
EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 - EXERCISE

CHAPTER 2: FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)

Email: nvdung@hcmut.edu.vn
 19
Work Done on an Ideal Gas in a Reversible Process

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 20
Reversible Work Done on a Nonideal Gas

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 21
Reversible Work Done on a Nonideal Gas

c. Recalculate the work done in the process of part a, using Van der Waals equation for
CO2. Give a = 0.3640 Pa m6 mol-2, b = 4.267 x 10-5 m3 mol-1

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 22
Work and Irreversible Processes

Constant-Pressure Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 23
Work and Irreversible Processes

Expansion Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 24
Work and Irreversible Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 CompressionProcesses
Work and Irreversible Processes 25

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 26
Heat Transferred during Temperature Changes
𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟐
Qp = ‫ 𝑻׬‬Cp.dT & Qv = ‫ 𝑻׬‬Cv.dT
𝟏 𝟏

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 27
Heat Transferred during Phase Changes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 28
Internal Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics

For a closed system and for any process that begins and ends with equilibrium states

Constant-volume process (isochoric process)

𝑻
If V is constant, dV = 0 and Wv = 0: ∆U = Qv = ‫ 𝟐 𝑻׬‬Cv.dT
𝟏

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 29
The Ideal Gas as an Example System

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 30
Amounts of Heat Transferred to an Ideal Gas

Isothermal reversible expansion or compression of a closed ideal gas

UT = HT = 0

QT = -WT = nRT ln(V2/V1) = -nRT ln(p2/p1) = p1V1ln(V2/V1)

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 31
Amounts of Heat Transferred to an Ideal Gas

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 32
Change in internal energy for a nonisothermal process

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 33
Change in internal energy for a non-isothermal process

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 34
Enthalpy

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 35
Reversible Adiabatic Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 36
Reversible Adiabatic Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 37
Reversible Adiabatic Processes

For many liquids and solids: Cp ≈ Cv,  ≈ 1

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 38
Irreversible Adiabatic Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 39
Irreversible Adiabatic Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 40
Enthalpy Changes of Processes without Chemical Reactions

∆H are for constant-pressure processes in closed systems

∆H are for phase change

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 41
Change in enthalpy for a nonisothermal process

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 42

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 43
Enthalpy Changes for Irreversible Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT

 44
Enthalpy Changes for Irreversible Processes

Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT