Nghe thực tế 2

Part 51.
Since the 2008 global financial crisis, while some regions have seen 1)_________,
others have been 2)____stagnant__________
The slowest developing cities are 3)______________ found in North America and
Western Europe
The fifth fastest growing economy was Dubai, in the 4)__UAE____________
Dubai has gained incredible growth as 5)______________
Nearly 75 percent of Dubai’s GDP comes from 6)______________
Dubai is also known for man - made ski – slopes, artifical islands, five-star hotels
and 7)______________
One of the reasons for Turkey’s booming economy is its geographical

8)_______location_______, especially as China seeks to bridge the gap with the
9)________new slik road______
Investments can 10)______________ for better trade efficiency in the future
Macau is often referred to as the 11)______________
Macau’s economy is declining rapidly, mainly due to 12)__china crack

____________in recent years
VIP officials were ostensibly the 13)__lí____________, and without them, the
industry 14)______________
Housing shortages and 15)______________ are major problems caused by

population growth in developing cities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYeMnQQgANA
1. unprecedented growth
2. stagnating
3. predominantly
4. United Arab Emirates
5. international transit hub
6. the surrounding service industry
7. high – rise condos
8. location between Europe and Asia
9. New Silk Road
10. lay the groundwork
11. Monte Carlo of the Orient
12. China’s crackdown on corruption
13. lifeblood of Macau’s gambling growth
14. took a big hit
15. gentrification
Part 52.
While people normally rely on a third party to complete a financial transaction,

blockchain technology is challenging the 1)______________ radically.
By using math and 2)______________, blockchain provides an

3)_____________of every transaction involving value
The future global economy will move towards one of 4)______________ , where
blockchain based transactions are open to everyone with access to the internet.
Every transaction will be recorded on a 5)______________, which means tax

collection via this system is feasible in the next 10 years and financial fraud will be
significantly reduced.
The new possibiities offered by the bitcoin network to 6)______________ make it

difficult for public authorities to enforce traditional financial regulations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WG7D47tGb0
1. status quo
2. cryptography
3. open decentralized database
4. distributed property and trust
5. public and distributed ledger
6. bypass traditional financial intermediaries

Part 53.
With the development in sports coverage technology, 1)______________ ground

to a halt.
Visitors to the New York Marathon Website are expected to reach a(n)
2)______________ this year
3)______________ will allow the website’s visitors to follow their favourite

athlete through the marathon
Once the website knows the name of a visitor’s favourite athlete,

4)______________ about his or her performance become available.
At various points in the race, a 5)______________developed in the Netherlands

will record runners’ times.
6)______________attached to the shoes of runners transmit the recorded times to

antennas within the mats.
Web - based spectators can follow runners in real time as they move through
7)______________.
The New York Road Runners Club strengthened the Web site ‘s
8)______________ with a content delivery service
As runners approach the finish line, the website will 9)______________
As home computers and modems become capable of 10)______________, such

websites will send out much more than performance statistics.
File nghe: Upstream class – CD4 – Track 04 (password: englishtips.org)
Tapescript: Upstreamstudentbook-key – page 163

1. one-camera, one-commentator broadcasts
2. record number
3. Athlete tracking features
4. detailed statistics
5. timing system
6. High – speed transponder chips
7. five boroughs
8. underlying infrastructure
9. get hammered
10. higher transmission and reception speeds

Part 54.
The interview comments that prejudice is easily erased unless it stems from a
1)______________.
When people feel that only their way is acceptable, they 2)______________any
other way of thinking or acting.
Solidarity can be beneficial, but at times it can result in people creating

3)______________ about others.
The aim of prejudical behaviour and attitudes is to discharge feelings of

4)______________.
Prejudice arises when a group feels 5)______________in relation to others.
People are divided into pairs, and one member of the pair tries to evoke a
6)______________from his partner through the repetition of a particular word.
These workshops look like open discussions as people can 7)______________
and 8)______________ they may encounter.
Group discussion allows people to talk about hurtful experiences and share their
9)______________brought on by prejudice.
On completion of the workshop, an objective individual should be able to

10)______________and come to terms with their hostility.

1. traumatic experience
2. can not condone
3. negative stereotypes
4. rage or hatred
5. frightened or inadequate
6. spontaneous verbal response
7. air their feelings
8. vent (any) negative emotions
9. personal ordeals
10. turn inward

Part 55.
1)______________in Bangladesh is over 78 inches, and two-thirds of the country’s

64 districts experience regular flooding.
- Dhaka is adding more than 2)______________a year.
- Micro-economies become even 3)______________because of floods.
- Many unskilled people find work in the 4)______________economy.
- In order to 5)______________to provide better services and solve problems like

traffic congestion, the city needs to bring these people out of the shadow economy.
- In Dhaka’s heyday, it was one of the 6)______________and

7)______________cities on the planet.
- Dhaka fell into two centuries of 8)______________that saw its status decline.
- The great migration is 9)______________the city’s infrastructure and services.
- A dozen or more national authorities, mostly run by 10)______________control

Dhaka’s police, utilities and roadways.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKGITvyWMH0
1. Annual rainfall
2. 400,000 residents
3. less sustainable
4. off the books
5. raise revenue
6. wealthiest
7. most prosperous
8. turmoil
9. overwhelming
10. political appointees

Part 56.
Collisions between the objects in the Earth’s orbit will make everything here be
1)______________ .
Dr Novak describes space junk as being a result of our own 2)______________ .
Valuable orbits are 3)______________ that threatens the operation of satellites and
the lives of astronauts.
Government agencies are now joined by 4)______________ in space exploration.
Discarded spacecraft and equipment constitute a kind of 5)______________
In the 1960s, one astronaut 6)______________ on his camera in orbit.
The erosion of the paint on spacecraft generates a 7)______________ that may

damage everything in orbit.
Given time, 8)______________ or are hit and penetrated by debris.
The continuity of collisions leads to a process termed 9)______________.
Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation

without 10)______________ of future generations to meet their needs.

1. ground into celestial scrap
2. environmental negligence
3. peppered with debris
4. commercial enterprises
5. orbital time capsule
6. lost his grip
7. cosmic grit
8. fuel tanks deteriorate
9. collisional cascading
10. compromising the ability

Part 57.
Both sides have said they're prepared to 1)______________, hiking tariffs even
more if the other country does not back down.
The United States has imposed heavy tariffs on 2)______________, which may
result in the soaring price of a lot of consumer goods.
China, on the other hand, has targeted things mainly for 3)______________.
China warned it may resort to 4)______________, which can make it really

difficult for American companies that want to do business there.
According to Monica de Bolle, we're really in 5)______________.
As China is not quite a 6)______________, it has a lot of leverage that the

United States doesn't really have.
6)______________ is exemplified as one of the businesses that would be heavily

hurt by the fierce fight between the two economic superpowers.
https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=626664184
1. raise the stakes
2. machinery
3. maximum political effect
4. qualitative measures
5. market-driven economy
6. General Motors
Part 58.
President Trump said this new 1)______________ is necessary because of a lack

of progress in talks with China.
Trump is ready to 2)______________with China even if it means retaliating in the

hundreds of billions of dollars.
The president defended his action today in a speech before the 3)______________.
China says it will also 4)______________, which could mean harassing U.S.
companies doing business in China.
Cutler says she's also worried this latest 5)______________means the trade
conflict is getting harder and harder to resolve.
So far, the actual U.S. tariffs already imposed on washing machines and
6)______________.
The fact that the trade war could tip the U.S. economy into recession seems like an
7)______________, a real low-probability event, but it does now have a
probability.
Zandi says less trade with Europe, Canada and Mexico will 8)______________
U.S. growth and leave the country poorer in the future.
1. round of tariffs
2. escalate the dispute
3. National Federation of Independent Business
4. retaliate in qualitative measures
5. tit for tat
6. solar panels
7. outlier
8. erode
Part 59.
Higher quality care, with higher life expectancy and lower rates of disease are
often 1)______________ by citizens in the rest of the world.
Spain was one of the top 2)______________ in the world with $

3)______________ roughtly spent on each person. In its
4)______________system, most citizens see no out-of-pocket expenses when they
visit public hospitals.
Unlike Spain, only 1,6 % of 5)______________ goes towards healthcare costs. In

addition, there is Medisave system – a 6)______________, where 9% of empolyee
salaries are required to 7)______________ for personal or family care.
Both 8)_____________ are used in the autonomous territory of Hong Kong.

However, private hospitals are reportedly speedy but very expensive.
While these three countries get the most 9)______________, applying worldwide
is difficult.
By comparison, that the United States is enormous, with a population of over 320
million makes 10)______________ harder to implement without serious
complications.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmL1jxQDuFk
1. received
2. three (ranking) countries
3. 2600/ twenty-six hundred
4. single-payer
5. Singapore’s GDP
6. medical savings account
7. deducted (and set aside)
8. private and public care
9. bang for their buck
10. centralized healthcare/ single-payer healthcare

Part 60.
Education is so important because it is supposed to help us get prepared for the

challenges in our life. That’s why in most of schools of all kinds
1)______________ with challenges in life is widely studied. However, things such
as talent, energy, goodwill, and 2)______________ seem to disappear. In order to
improve education it is claimed that what we need is not money but that we must
pay more attention to the real purpose of education, which is aimed to help us with:
working and 3)______________. To address these needs two crucial subjects must
be included in the curriculum. The first one is 4)______________ since we don’t
fully understand how the economy works. To help to study this subject, maths is
taught to help students how to deal with money. It is hoped that students can get
more understanding the global economy together with other terms such as
leadership, marketing and competition, cash flow, and 5)______________.
Secondly students really need to study themselves since we usually misunderstand
ourselves. They should be taught a number of concepts and helped towards their
personality maps so that they can understand, among with other issues, what type
of people they are 6)______________ to go out with.
It is essential that they should also be taught 7)______________ so that they can
understand which job they are fit for. Regarding the study of relationships, there
must be lessons on techniques such as 8)______________ and on kindness and
forgiveness as well.
Education must not be restricted to classrooms or schools. Other forms or fields

such as media and arts are also used to help students learn what they really need to.
However, the real problem is that we fail to identify the 9)______________ of the
problems that we are now facing in education that is we have got the
10)______________.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HndV87XpkWg
1. trouble dealing
2. human ingenuity
3. sustaining good relationships
4. capitalism
5. HR
6. best suited
7. career self - knowledge
8. anxiety reduction
9. real source
10. wrong curriculum

Part 61.
The top ten 1)___________________________ are key trends that the enterprise
cannot afford to ignore.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning is a foundation component of all of the

applications and services and things in our world around us which lead us to the
two 2)_________________________: Intelligent apps and analytics and intelligent
things.
Think of intelligent user interface with things like 3) ______________________
Think of intelligent actions so your applications themselves have 4)

_________________ and look at how AI improves the business intelligence and 5)
______________________ for end users
Think of that term AI not just as artificial intelligence and robotic things replacing
people but think 6)_______________________________ and assisting humans.
Multiple intelligent things: 7) _______, robots, __________________ working

cooperatively together.
8)___________________ are the digital representations of the real-world things
The next trend is cloud to the edge. Edge computing and using the processing
power at the edge of these edge devices can act as 9)_______________.
We’ve got to think of this distributed computing environment and finally the last
two trends are looking at conversational systems and 10)____________________.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPbKyD2bAR4
1. strategic technology trends
2. subsidiary trends
3. conversational interface
4. autonomous processes
5. analytical systems
6. augmented intelligence
7. drones, autonomous vehicles
8. Digital twin
9. gateways
10. immersive experience

Part 62.
Today the U.S. Supreme Court delivered a (1)________ to American business and
an equally sweeping defeat to American workers.
The (2)_______ upheld and extended the growing practice adopted by American
businesses, namely requiring workers to agree as a condition of employment not to
go to court over wage and hour disputes but to instead submit their claims to
(3)______ individually.
Lawyer Ron Chapman, who represents management in (4)_________, said he

expects small and large businesses alike to immediately move to impose these
binding arbitration contracts in order to eliminate the fear of costly class-action
(5)_______ from juries.
The lead (6)__________ in the case was an IT worker at Epic, the giant health care
software development company.
That law guarantees the rights of workers to engage in activities for the purpose of
(7)________ or any other concerted activities.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, in a (8)_________ from the bench, called out the
majority for what she said was an egregiously wrong decision.
Labor law experts said today's decision likely will present increasing problems for
the #MeToo movement and for other civil rights class actions claiming
discrimination based on (9)________. There's no transparency in most binding
arbitration agreements, and they often include (10)_________. Yale law professor
Judith Resnik observes that today's decision applies to all manner of class actions.
1. sweeping victory
2. conservative majority
3. binding arbitration
4. labor-management disputes
5. verdicts
6. plaintiff
7. collective bargaining
8. rare oral dissent
9. race, gender and religion
10. non-disclosure provisions

Part 63.
This time of year, a lot of (1) _________ are trying to answer the question, am I
going to college?
Matt Dickinson is wearing safety goggles and a sweatshirt that says the word
college on it, inspired by the movie "(2)_________"
Dickinson is 21 years old. He already tried the (3)_________ at a state university.
He says he's not worried about finding a job when he's done. (4)_________ in the
Seattle area make about $53,000 a year.
Chris Cortines works in the (5)_________. He co-authored a recent report that

found students are getting funneled into college because it's the default. Some
struggle and drop out.
Things like trade schools, (6)__________ and __________. Of course a college

degree still gives you a leg up in earning power, but there are lots of fields where
you don't need a bachelor's.
Kate Kreamer says the problem is there's still a (7)________ around vocational
programs.
Where it was for kids that, you know, weren't "college material," quote-unquote, or
weren't academically prepared and were really a (8)__________.
At 41, Jessica Bruce is training to become an iron worker. Bruce and the other
apprentices are getting timed on how fast they can secure a (9)__________ into
place.
Bruce says no one told her the (10)________ were an option when she was
growing up.
1. high school seniors
2. Animal House
3. traditional route
4. Auto technicians
5. Washington State Auditor's Office
6. associates degrees - apprenticeships
7. stigma
8. dumping ground
9. 600-pound beam
10. skilled trades

Part 64.
The 73rd United Nations General Assembly is supposed to the place where
contemporary key pressing issues 1)___________________________.
The first issue is China, where the central government is reportedly imprisioning
large number of Uyghur muslims in 2)___________________________. Despite
overwhelming evidence and testimony from victims, China
3)___________________________ that it’s imprisioning Uyghur muslims to
indoctrinate them.
The second is the Rohingya crisis as Myanmar’s 4)_________________________

against the ethnic and religious minority group caused heavy death tolls and
forced people to flee for safety. Myanmar has refuted the UN human rights
council‘s accusation of 5)___________________________ against the Rohingya.
The third is South Sudan’s civil war, which created Africa’s

6)___________________________ today. The US and European countries have
placed 7)___________________________ against key military officers.
Fourth is the conflict in Yemen which stemmed from

8)__________________________ in 2011. It then turned into an
9)___________________________ between regional countries.
Finally comes the US family separation policies, manifested by the new

10)___________________________ annouced in April 2018.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oDyQP5Ycgw
1. take center stage
2. secret internment camps
3. vehemently denies
4. alleged state-sponsored violence
5. committing genocide
6. worst refugee crisis
7. sanctions and travel restrictions
8. popular uprising
9. outright proxy war
10. zero tolerance policy

Part 65.
Since the beginning of 20th century rainforests have been under threat of
extinction. One major cause of deforestation is repurposing the land for 1.
________ such as growing rubber or palm oil on its property.
The loss of this dense biodiversity can pose several threats to our modern society.
It is estimated that 2.________ modern medicines would be lost along with
thousands of 3._______ derived from plants while underprivileged groups are
relying on rainforest plants for medicines. According to World Health
Organization, 4.______ take up to 50% of all medicines in China. Another major
problem is climate change. Known as 5. _________, rainforests absorb CO2,
clearing it from the atmosphere. A rise in carbon dioxide levels and a fall in
rainforest acreage would contribute to 6. _______ and severe droughts. More
seriously, 7. __________ over resources such as farming land has led to farmers’
deaths globally.
It is not easy to find a feasible approach to stopping deforestation as many people

on Earth survive by means of natural resource 8. __________. A typical example is
palm oil industry which helps to 9. _______ by creating jobs for millions of
farmers. Switching to another production of 10. ________ like sunflower or
soybean would even cause more land destruction.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bg9KyyM6O4M
1. commercial use
2. 25% / a quarter of / 1/4
3. medical compounds
4. herbal remedies / medicines
5. carbon sinks
6. rising sea levels
7. wars/disputes
8. exploitation
9. reduce poverty
10. alternative vegetable oils

Part 66.
The power of a country can be defined in three basic ways : social significance,
economic dominance and 1)___________________________.
Higher quality of life is associated with higher 2)___________________________,

3)___________________________ and better health.
Denmark ranked 4)___________________________ in the Social Progress Index

in 2016.
Other countries 5)___________________________ Denmark in social welfare and

freedom as a standard improving their own societies.
International trade has 6)___________________________the Chinese GDP more

than five times.
China’s 7)___________________________ gives them the power to control global

trade.
As individual countries tend to form 8)___________________________, only a

few countries left are 9)___________________________ and the United States is
the most powerful in this regard.
However, the 10)___________________________ of the US government has

served to decline its global military power.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG84rTGW32E
1. military might/strengthening
2. per capita GDP
3. overall satisfaction
4. third
5. seek to emulate
6. ballooned
7. meteoric rise
8. massive defence alliances
9. singularly militarily dominant
10. increasingly isolationist position

Part 67.
A contract worker doesn't have the right to sue for (1)_________or gender
discrimination.
A few years later, it happened again in a different job - this time with the
grandfather of a child Irizarry was tutoring. She considered posting about it online.
But Irizarry, now 33 and a (2)_________, says she decided against it.
Over the last century, full-time employment has been the (3)_________
Caitlin Pearce is (4)_________of the Freelancers Union with 350,000 members.
New York City and three states - California, Washington and Pennsylvania -
extend other (5)________to contractors.
The same protections, where the (6)_________and the manager control the
workplace - control the worker, is not relevant to the independent contractor
relationship.
Weil says that many employers are simply labeling more jobs as contract positions
in order to (7)______and risk onto workers.
Perhaps employers are confused. Perhaps they're taking advantage of the fact that
contract employees aren't so (8)_________in the law.
Natalie Franke says this lack of data (9)_____a big problem.
Franke urges freelancers to do what they can - seek (10)___________and include

anti-harassment and discrimination clauses in their future contracts.
1. sexual harassment
2. freelance writer
3. norm
4. executive director
5. workplace protections
6. supervisor
7. shift the cost
8. well-defined
9. masks
10. emotional support

Part 68.
In late 2018, tourists will be heading into space.
One man says that adventures on Earth has been quite ordinary but space
exploration will be the (1) ____________________________.
Taking the customers (2) ________________________________ can finally be

done by Virgin Galactic, a space company but these efforts might be (3)
______________ by SpaceX, a company wanting to take two customers around
the Moon.
(4) _______________________________, being free like a bird and (5)

________________________ will be the first one you experience when going into
space
There is a new (6) _____________________________ for whom the sky is no

limit.
Per Wimmer, who is a (7) _____________________________, will be among the

first people to travel in space with private company, Virgin Galactic.
However, Elon Musk’s aerospace company, SpaceX aim at a (8)

_____________________ around the Moon.
(9) _______________________________ can be a big obstacle to going around

the Moon.
Only 24 astronauts have ever made the (10) _______________________________

to the Earth’s nearest neighbourhood and in 2018, two paying customers can be in
this list. But this mission is (11) _____________________________.
It is admitted that launching the rocket is still a (12)

___________________________ as it can prove to be fatal.
Once you’re in space, everything from (13) ______________________ travelling

at 17,500 mph to the loss of (14) ___________________________ could affect
your health adversely.
Per Wimmer has signed a (15) ________________________ as he wants to take
the risk but still proves he is aware of his actions.
This boom in (16) ___________________________ marks a new era in space

travel.
Space tourism can (17) ______________________________ on what it means to

be human and motivate people to take care of the Earth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-R2x02n-o64
1. ultimate adventure
2. beyond the stratosphere
3. eclipsed
4. feeling of weightlessness
5. no strings attached
6. breed of would-be astronauts
7. multi-millionaire entrepreneur
8. flyby loop
9. orders of magnitude
10. almost 240,000-mile voyage
11. shrouded in mystery
12. risky endeavour
13. orbital debris
14. bone and muscle density
15. letter of consent
16. commercial space industry
17. change humanity’s perspective

Part 69.
Donald Trump’s action sparked (1) ……………………. at airports. Action from

the courts is giving civil rights groups an initial victory.
“ The message is simple. This is completely un-American. This is an (2)

…………………….. .”
The priority of the president and his government is to protect this nation and their
people. They
have to ensure that people coming to the country with (3) …………………. .
There are 46 countries with (4) ………………….. that are not part of this.
Trump campaigned and won a promise to (5) ………………….. all visitors to

America.
No (6) …………………….. by Democrats. One claims that what Trump is doing

is harming their national security, which will (7) …………………… the U.S
Reaction from overseas is decidedly negative.
What Trump proposes is discriminatory and counterproductive. Further court

action is likely with judges balancing a (8) ………………….. to shape
immigration policy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfFYvA5kDwA
1. Turmoil and outrage
2. Unlawful order
3. Peaceful purposes
4. Muslim populations
5. Rigorously scrutinize
6. Parsing of words
7. Incite attacks against
8. President’s prerogative
Part 70.
Xi Jinping’s grand ambition to (1) ………………………… as well as creating

new ones will theoretically lead to big construction projects.
For Xi, It’s an (2) …………………………… .
In the context of globalisation, no countries can (3) …………………… by relying

on themselves.
China’s economy was in much better shape when president first (4) ……………
the belt road plan.
(5) ………….., urban investment and industrial output were moderately lower. The
President believes that the project would help increase growth.
On the sidelines of the summit, some (6) …………… has been taking place
regarding North Korea, which is a positive sign. Xi knows for (7) ……………. to
succeed, there has to be peace and stability in Asia.
China’s leaders know how to put a good show with (8) ………………….. . The
president’s guests were treated to a cultural gala with (9) ……………………
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1SUsFkkZnI
1. rebuild ancient trade routes
2. unashamedly anti-protectionist strategy
3. can stay aloof and intact
4. unveiled what is called
5. retail spending
6. quiet diplomacy
7. his bold plan
8. faultless choreography
9. silk road theme

Part 71.
People convicted of 1)____________________ experience a severe disadvantage

when it comes to finding work.
2)________________legislation in California hopes to remedy the issue.
The box refers to the 3)____________________ that potential employees check if

they have a criminal record.
Beth Avery, a staff attorney at the National Employment Law Project, says that it’s
hard to get a good image of if the legislation is effective because that assumes
employers are 4)____________________ before and after the laws go into effect.
Studies show that when a person 5)_______________ on an initial application,

their 6)____________________ drops by half if they're a white applicant and to
almost a third if they're a person of color.
It is important to note that this legislation isn’t 7)____________________ from

actually doing a background check to find out if there is a former conviction.
The legislation merely 8)____________________ so that applicants, candidates,

have a far better chance at getting a position than they would now.
The legislation aims to encourage employers to view an applicant as 9)__

________, as a worker with qualifications and not just as a checkbox on an
application.
According to Beth Avery, the issue really comes down to the

10)____________________, how it feels, and how much it impacts their lives to
be turned away after the first step when they submit application after application.
However, some small businesses have expressed concerns about 11)________

_____ by rejected applicants and 12)_____________ if an employee commits a
crime in the workplace.
Avery believes these concerns expressed by small businesses are, for the most part,
13)____________________.
Avery defended her stance by claiming that 14)_________________ are incredibly
hard to prove.
She further defended her position by stating that employers will still
15)____________________ over who they're hiring.
Avery claims that the general public will benefit from this legislation, as well,
because when people with criminal records can't gain employment, it
16)__________________ our economy.
Some estimates put that as affecting our 17)______ by $78 to $87 billion per year.
1. felonies or misdemeanors
2. Ban-the-box
3. section in job applications
4. collecting that data
5. checks the box
6. likelihood of a callback
7. barring an employer
8. delays the process
9. a person
10. dignity of people with records
11. potential lawsuits
12. sort of liability
13. a bit overstated
14. threats of litigation
15. retain discretion
16. holds back
17. GDP
Part 72.
The 1)_______________ governor of Maine is one of the last people you'd expect
to be soft on crime.
Governor Paul LePage supports 2)_______________ for drug traffickers and once
joked they should be publicly executed by guillotine.
It's not that the conservative Republican governor has had a sudden change of heart
about 3)_______________ or giving 4)_______________ a second chance.
Governor Paul LePage released 17 prison inmates early because the

5)_______________ is struggling.
The governor stated that trying to put people back to work is what the
6)_______________ is all about.
According to State officials, Maine's 3 percent unemployment rate combined with

7)_______________ of foreign workers, an aging population and a booming
tourism industry have exacerbated the labor gap.
8)_______________ are everywhere, and it's not just hotels and restaurants who
need it.
Companies like AtWork Personnel, a 9)_________________, also need help, and

recently sent recruiter Pamela Holt to a job fair.
Pamela Holt said that her company is 10)__________________ because we don't

have enough staff to staff them.
Holt says that while some in the tourist industry are reluctant to hire someone with
11)_______________ and other employers just won't do it, Holt says her company
will.
The belief that prisoners who have served time deserve a new life is also the
sentiment of prisoner advocates who don't normally 12)_______________ with the
governor on criminal justice matters.
Meagan Sway, from the American Civil Liberties Union of Maine, says that if the
governor is really serious about 13)____________________, then he should do
more.
Sway recommends looking at immigrants who come to this country

14)_______________, who would very much like to work in this country.
Governor LePage hasn't exactly 15)_______________ to Maine’s immigrant

community, despite the fact that population economists say Maine needs to replace
its aging workforce.
While releasing 17 prisoners early 16)_______________, Steve Hewins of the

Maine Restaurant Association says it's a start.
Steve Hewins believes that this step is part of the 17)_______________. Yes, it
could help.
Hewins says his association is considering bringing specialized training for

18)_______________ into the Maine state prison system so that prisoners are
prepared to fill jobs when they get out.
Governor LePage has recently said he plans to commute the sentences of women
prisoners next and possibly some inmates from 19)_______________
1. tough-talking
2. reinstating the death penalty
3. prison reform
4. low-risk offenders
5. tourist industry
6. commutation program
7. a cap on certain types
8. Help wanted signs
9. temporary staffing agency
10. turning contractors away
11. a felony conviction
12. see eye-to-eye
13. addressing Maine's labor shortage
14. fleeing persecution,
15. rolled out the welcome
16. won't bridge the gap,
17. matrix of solutions
18. hospitality jobs
19. county jails

Part 73.
Our race and 1)______________ affect what happens in the workplace. Most
African-Americans who participated in a poll said they had 2) ______________at
work in pay, in hiring, and in getting promotions.
Sonari Glinton, a reporter for NPR, found that when AA faced those barriers and
obstacles, many people choose to get out and 3) _________________.
Dennis Jackson, an entrepreneur, said that he chose his field of work -landscape
and solar – because 4) ____________________ in the industry.
Jackson and the few other black landscapers see each other as 5)
__________because there aren’t many of them.
Jackson’s very small operation consists of five employees and 6)

___________________.
Jackson claims that his entrepreneurial spirit is his way of avoiding the 7)
______________.
He insists that he is going to 8) “________________” to avoid having to face

discrimination.
NPR and Harvard’s survey found that 9)____________ of African-Americans say

they've been discriminated against in the workplace.
Marc Morial, the head of the National Urban League, says discrimination can deter
African-Americans from 10) _______________.
The 11) ______________for black men has improved significantly since the Great
Recession.
However, Marc Morial says the fact that many black men have simply
12)________________ is hidden in these low jobless numbers.
A whole 13)______________ lead to giving up; race affects networking,
education, mobility.
Steven Pitts, who studies labor at UC Berkeley, states that the issue isn't really
14)______________-- there's real evidence of discrimination against African-
American men in the workplace.
Due to the reality of discrimination, black men especially look for alternatives
outside of the 15)______________.
Pitts states that having someone fix a car or paint a house are forms of 16)
______________.
The 17)______________ is not just the idea of on-the-corner drug stuff. It's a
18)______________of economic activity that simply isn't governed by 19)
______________.
According to Pitts, black men face real barriers, whether it's a 20)______________
or the need for a license to get a particular job.
1. perceptions of it
2. experienced discrimination
3. strike out on their own
4. there's not many black people
5. unicorns
6. some independent contractors
7. glass ceiling.
8. “write my own ticket”
9. 56 percent
10. applying for certain jobs
11. unemployment picture
12. fallen out of the workforce
13. menu of problems
14. perception
15. traditional job market.
16. simply hustling.
17. informal economy
18. vast array
19. traditional labor laws.
20. criminal record

Part 74.
Google's been the leader in getting the world 1)____________ with virtual reality.
The company's going 2)___________ now and partnering with HTC and Lenovo
on a standalone headset made of tougher stuff than Cardboard.
Google is the first major company to release a 3)__________ VR headset.

Facebook's Oculus Rift and Sony VR have to be 4)_________ to expensive
computers or gaming consoles.
Google's also 5)__________ its augmented reality technology. It announced what

it's calling visual positioning service, or VPS.
Bavor says the company actually sees a continuum between its VR and AR
technology. It's all part of a future where the virtual and real worlds blur. Google is
calling it 6) ____________computing.
There's a lot of competition among the big tech companies to advance these
immersive technologies. Facebook, Microsoft and Sony are competitors, and
Apple is likely to jump into the fray. But Google has some advantages, like its
dominance in search.
Google has a massive 7)_________________ and brand, and it's got all this data
and 8)_______________. And really, none of the other players have all those
pieces.
An example of how this advantage works is that you could point your augmented
reality-enabled phone at a restaurant, and a 9)__________ would just pop up on
the screen from Google search.
http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=529081034
1. Acquainted
2. Full throttle
3. Standalone
4. Tethered
5. Beefing up
6. Immersive Computing
7. Consumer Audience
8. Software Expertise
9. Review
Part 75.
Facebook says it wants to keep from being used by extremists. The company, used
by billions of people, is under pressure not to be a 1) ____________. Terrorists
have 2) _______________to ISIS on Facebook or won new recruits there.
We're focused on real-world harm, so harm in the physical world. That means that
- you know, for things like terrorism 3)__________ or terrorism 4)___________,
we want to make sure that it's not on the site because we think that that could lead
to real-world harm.
It's a vast challenge and delicate. Facebook wants to block dangerous content
without blocking 5)___________. Its techniques include hiring more human
monitors of 6) ______________.
Bickert also hopes to block some offensive images before they're published by
using 7)_______________software.
There is software that can be used to create what's called a hash, or a

8)_______________of that video, so that if somebody else tries to upload a
similarly harmful video in the future, it would be recognized even before the video
hits the site.
Bickert wants to point out that it doesn't necessarily mean that we would take
9)_________ action. There are times where we need people to actually review the
content that this software is flagging for us.
Since you have a background in law enforcement, I know you're familiar with the
phrase 10) __________ __which is something that the U.S. government is never
supposed to do when it comes to free speech.
There may be speech that can be punished in some way, but there should not be
prior restraint of 11)______________. What are the specific instances when you
think it is OK for you to do that?
Well, I mean, first I want to point out that, as a social media company, we set the
12)________ and let our people know what they are for when they come to
Facebook. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?
storyId=533855547
1. Platform for violence
2. Proclaimed allegiance
3. Recruitment
4. Propaganda
5. Free speech
6. Doubtful content
7. Image-matching
8. Digital fingerprint
9. Automated
10. Prior restraint
11. Publication
12. Terms
Part 76.
In the hours after the massacre in Las Vegas, 1)_____________ about it started
showing up on Google and Facebook. A man was falsely accused of being the
shooter. His name bubbled up on a Facebook safety check site and at the top of
Google search results. And all of that was 2)_____________.
His name first appeared on a message board on a site called 4chan. 4chan is known
as this gathering spot for 3)______________ in the alt-right. Everyone who posts
is 4)______________
Marilou Danley’s ex-husband’s FB page indicated he was a liberal, and the far-
right 5)______on /pol/ went to work to spread the word.
On Google, the top searches linked to places that said he was the shooter. This was
because Google has not had the time to really 6)________the search results yet.
In a statement, Google said it will "continue to make 7)____________

improvements to prevent this from happening in the future."
One improvement that contributing editor Greg Sterling thinks Google should
make is putting less weight on certain websites, like 4chan, and putting more
weight on sites deemed more 8)__________. This would give some sites more
preference over others.
Benkler, a law professor at Harvard University, thinks if Facebook and Google

were to block sites like 4chan, it would not solve the problem; this is because he
believes that if another situation similar to this arose, someone will find some other
9)_____________.
1. Fake News
2. Automated
3. Underground hackers
4. Anonymous
5. Trolls
6. Vet
7. Algorithmic
8. Credible
9. Workaround
Part 77.
When Apple announced the new iPhone can use 1)_____________ technology to
unlock the device, the response may not have been what Apple had hoped for.
Clare Garvey is concerned about face recognition technology becoming

2)____________; we are going to get very comfortable with it.
We forget that it's used by any number of actors in ways we may not know about
that is both 3)_______________ and more 4)______________ than the way that
Apple has chosen to use it.
In Russia, face recognition has been used to scan anti-government or anti-

corruption protests, identify and then 5)___________ the people at those anti-
government protests.
What this means is these people will be subject to 6)__________, if not arrest, for
their political beliefs. The fact remains in the U.S., it's very much a
7)____________when it comes to face recognition.
8)_____________ across the country use this technology in various ways without
any laws governing its use.
It looks like face recognition was used on social media posts that protesters were
posting from 9)_________________.
Law enforcement agents on the ground could, in almost 10)________, get the
identities, the names of the people at those protests. We're a country where we do
not necessarily need to show our 11)________ every time we walk down the street,
but now our faces will do that work for us.
Sounds to me that your concern isn't so much this particular technology but that -
what? - that it 12)___________ to a broader use? Is that really Apple's fault or
responsibility?
The real concern is that we may stop worrying about the very real concerns that we
should be worrying about as we increasingly are subjected to face recognition that
we can’t 13)________ of.
1. Facial recognition
2. Normalized
3. Less accurate
4. Privacy concerning
5. Publicly name
6. Intimidation
7. Rules-free zone
8. Law enforcement
9. Demonstration sites
10. Real time
11. Papers
12. Opens the door
13. Opt- out

Part 78.
Japan‘s corporate culture is driven by the so – called 1)_____________
The nation’s work ethnic dates back to Japan’s economic miracle which
2)_____________ it to become the world’s second – largest economy
According to a study, more than 60% of Japanese felt guilty for taking
3)_____________
Japan has the lowest productivity among the 4)_____________
Some people believe that karoshi cases are 5)_____________
The death of an employee in 2015 generated widespread attention and

6)_____________ to change the long working hours and illegal unpaid overtime
To deal with overtime work, Japan’s government introduced a new public holiday
called 7)_____________
Despite initiatives, a cultural challenge still 8)_____________ for several reasons
The population is expected to shrink approximately one third over a period of

9)_____________
In farming, robots are even used to 10)_____________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y-YJEtxHeo
1. salaryman
2. propelled
3. paid leave
4. G7 nations
5. underreported
6. renewed calls
7. Mountain Day
8. looms
9. 50 years
10. milk cows

Part 79.
McDonald’s has 36,000 locations in over 100 nations, including one in a

1)_____________ in New Zealand and one in Vatican city.
There was a lot of 2)_____________ with McDonald’s first open its door in
Vietnam in 2014
Failure to capure the attention of the Vietnamese market was considered

3)_____________
Burger King has grown its 4)_____________ in Japan from 12 restaurants to 98
Vietnamese people can be served foods faster if they go to street vendors, which
defeats the 5)_____________ of fast food in Vietnam
Fast food giants seem to underestimate local rivals as Vietnamese diners are
6)_____________ in top-tier cities
Sandwiches are sold on the streets at 7)_____________ compared to McDonald’s

and Burger King
78% of Vietnamese consumers’s cash went to local vendors, street stalls and
8)_____________
Fasr – food chains are so outnumbered in Vietnam partly because of the

9)_____________ between the US and Vietnam
KFC introduced chicken rice and 10)_____________ to better fit local tastes
The 11)_____________ for KFC seems to be worth it for customers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9pthhpd7So
1. decommissioned airplane
2. hype
3. odd
4. franchise
5. value proposition
6. spoiled for choice
7. rock-bottom prices
8. kiosks
9. severed diplomatic ties/relations
10. shrimp burger
11. hefty price tag

Part 80.
VAR is used for specific incidents involving 1)_____________
There is a support team who works in a 2)_____________ located at the

international broadcast center
There are four 3)_____________ which provide the best angles from all relevant
broadcast cameras
The VAR team supports the decision making process in 4 scenarios: goals,
penalties, red cards and 4)_____________
By signalling the outline of a TV screen the referee would initiate an

5)_____________
6)_____________ is responsible for generating official VAR review information
7)_____________ display VAR official review details
The broadcast productions teams will implement a 8)_____________ to help

explain the complete story
9)_____________ will explain which of the four decisions is under review
Once the referee has made the final decision, a 10)_____________ explaining the
outcome of the review will be inserted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdwOL08NfxQ
1. match changing situations
2. centralized video operation room
3. replay operators
4. mistaken identity
5. official review
6. A FIFA staff member
7. Red messages
8. picture-in-picture solution
9. A bottom-left graphic
10. full-frame graphic slate

Part 81.
Finland, the small Nordic country best known for Nokia phones, 1)_____________
and heavy metal music is actually a leader in world education.
The Finns becomes the global education leader without turning school into
2)_____________
There are five reasons that set Finland apart:
- No child gets left behind 3)_____________. Finland provides all families

particularly low income families with a 4)_____________
- They are just like more chill man. Finnish children start school late, get large
amount of 5)_____________, rarely do assignments and almost never take
standardise tests.
- Teachers are respected. It is not easy to become a teacher in this country because
there are only 8 universities offering the programmes required to earn a
6)_____________. Besides, thanks to powerful unions, they do not have to deal
with 7)_____________
- They believe that less is more. They give priority to patience,

8)_____________and problem solving skills instead of cramming knowledge.
- They have fewer 9)_____________ like income inequality or crime
To sum up, Finland do things differently but have a 10)_____________ of

achieving better results
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfmFIEh2QjU
1. angry birds
2. mindless drudgery
3. literally
4. vast social safety net
5. recess time
6. teaching credential
7. merit pay
8. hands-on learning
9. social ills
10. proven track record

Part 82.
Robert Lee runs an organisation that specialises in the recruitment of

1)_____________
According to Robert, more people will use the Internet to work freelance as
companies 2)_____________
Employers of e-lancers benefit from the 3)_____________ because it gives them

an international selection of candidates
Robert says that the desire and ability to learn, rather than 4)_____________, will
be most in demand in the future
Research has shown that increased 5)_____________ can ensure better learning
choices
According to Robert, it is not the subject, but the actual 6)_____________ of

learning that is important
Managing e-lancers and e-commuters isn’t the same as managing people whose
hours and responsibilities are 7)_____________
Nowadays, the amount of time employees spend on their work is less important
than their 8)_____________
File nghe: Upstream proficiency workbook audio – CD2 – Track 8 (password:

englishtips.org)
Tapescript: Upstream proficiency workbook – Key – Page 72-73

1. highly-skilled people
2. downsize
3. talent auction
4. technical skills
5. self-awareness
6. process
7. rigidly defined
8. output
Part 83.
Judith Nixon is the manager of the Farthington Gallery in Russell Square, where an
exhibition of 1)_____________ is taking place
What particularly impresses Judith about many forms of long-distance

communication is the degree of 2)_____________ shown by people who devised
them
Ancient civilisations were not ignorant of the fact that an effective communication
network was a fundamental part of 3)_____________
The Roman 4)_____________ was the most advanced of its time
The Romans relied on a 5)_____________ of messengers for speed of delivery
A boom in international trade in the Middle Ages brought about an increase in

6)_____________
These reforms were later improved upon as a result of the invention of the
7)_____________
The Thurn and Taxis family created an extensive network of 8)_____________

covering the majority of Europe
The failure of the Pony Express was attributed to the 9)_____________ of the
telegraph
Carrier pigeons proved them to be invaluable as 10)_____________
File nghe: Upstream proficiency workbook audio – CD1 – Track 1 (password:

englishtips.org)
Tapescript: Upstream proficiency workbook – Key – Page 59

1. antique postal items
2. ingenuity
3. governing the extensive empires
4. postal system
5. relay system
6. business correspondence
7. printing press
8. postal routes
9. ill-timed advent
10. war correspondents

Part 84.
University applicants can choose from ten of thousands of 1)_____________
Students may take A-levels or 2)_____________ or a mixture of both
Others may study full-time or two years to obtain a(n) 3)_____________
Students with poor A-level results may do 4)_____________
The new 5)_____________ combines academic study with work-based training
Mature students should contact 6)_____________ directly.
7)_____________ courses are available at further education colleges
Sponsorship is a way of obtaining 8)_____________ and work experience
To sum up, studying to degree level is a 9)_____________
File nghe: Upstream advanced audio – student’s book - CD4 – Track 9 (password:
englishtips.org)
Tapescript: Upstream advanced teacher book - Page 138

1. course combinations
2. Advanced Vocational Qualifications
3. Higher National Diploma/HND
4. one-year foundation courses
5. Hospitality degree
6. admissions tutors
7. Return-to-study
8. financial assistance
9. life-enhancing experience
Part 85.
One of the main reasons why an increasing number of teachers in Western

countries leave their job is the 1)_____________ on standardized testing
Pisa is an international assessment of reading, mathematics and 2)_____________
This year’s ranking saw East Asian countries surpass 3)_____________ to

dominate the list
In these countries, succeeding in school is 4)_____________ as a priority
Singapore is exemplified as one of the countries offering 5)_____________ and

_____________ to teachers
At the other end of the scale, 6)_____________ had the lowest PISA scores
It is believed that uneducated population equates to 7)_____________
Some point to an emphasis on 8)_____________, rather than actual education
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN9P8uHEtUg
1. overwhelming focus
2. science literacy
3. Finland
4. culturally stressed
5. bonuses – competitive salaries
6. Ghana
7. lost economic output
8. repetitive role learning

Part 86.
Trump pulled the U.S. out of a 1)_____________ at the last minute
What we saw at the G-7 was actually stronger than that. That was, you know, kind
of a 2)_____________ to undermine relationships and tell these people that he
does not really respect them as people
That was just kind of a throwaway line that was meant to 3)_____________ and
show that you're not going to be able to manage me
Some analysts have said this is 4)_____________ the world order or ending the
20th century global power structure
And he's doing it by undermining the alliances that should really be close,
especially in the context of a world order that is much more dangerous, much more
5)_____________
And so a new president can rebuild the 6)_____________ with American allies.
But what you can't do is rebuild the global order
As founder and president of the Eurasia Group, you are what Trump supporters
would 7)_____________ call a globalist
But the fact is that in the developed world, in the United States and the U.K.,
continental Europe, even Canada, you see that a majority of the population does
not feel like they benefited. That's why you saw 8)_____________
1. joint communique
2. willful desire
3. antagonize
4. reconfiguring
5. absent leadership
6. traditional relations
7. dismissively
8. Brexit
Part 87.
U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres praised the pair today as

1)_____________
This year's winners are Dr. Denis Mukwege, who is renowned for his treatment of
2)_____________ in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nadia Murad, a
former ISIS sex slave from the Yazidi religious minority in Iraq who campaigns
for survivors like herself
We want to send out a message of awareness that women, who constitute half of
the population in most communities, actually are used as a weapon of war, and that
they need protection, and that the 3)_____________ have to be prosecuted and
held responsible for their actions. We believe that this is a 4)_____________ for
lasting peace to also include the rights and the awareness of women
Mukwege has treated thousands of survivors of 5)_____________
Most of the time, they're rejected by their families. They're rejected by the
community. Of course they're 6)_____________
Two years ago, at the age of 23, she was named the U.N.'s first 7)_____________
for the dignity of survivors of human trafficking
You've got a very 8)_____________ here of a woman who has survived the most
appalling atrocity and of a man who works to help women survive most appalling
atrocities
1. defenders of human dignity
2. gang rape victims
3. perpetrators
4. fundamental prerequisite
5. wartime sexual violence
6. stigmatized
7. goodwill ambassador
8. emotive combination
Part 88.
Jim Allison says he's always had a personal interest in cancer. His mother died of
1)_____________ when he was 10, and an uncle died of lung cancer
T cells are a 2)_____________ of the human immune system
In the 1990s, Allison was working at UC Berkeley when he discovered a vital

element of T cells. They had what's essentially a 3)_____________ to keep them
from going too crazy
Meanwhile at Kyoto University in Japan, Dr. Tasuku Honjo was independently at

work on the same 4)_____________
From this science has emerged a 5)_____________ to develop market and improve
checkpoint inhibitors.
Former President Jimmy Carter was diagnosed with advanced melanoma which
had spread to his brain, but a checkpoint inhibitor 6)_____________ his cancer.
Dr. Monica Bertagnolli, president of the American Society for Clinical Oncology,
says checkpoint inhibitors have generated 7)_____________ because of
remarkable stories like this
Jim Allison, now at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, says now that they
understand the basic rules, they can set to 8)_____________
1. lymphoma
2. vital component
3. brake pedal
4. biological puzzle
5. multibillion-dollar effort
6. vanquished
7. tremendous excitement
8. work on improvements
Part 89.
Trade war is a bad situation which occurs when a country becomes more
1)_____________, imposing tariffs on the other country. The other country
2)_____________ instead of backing down
While Trump believes trade wars are good and easy to win, recent history
3)_____________
The Hawley – Smoot Act in 1930 resulted in the 4)_____________
The World Trade Organization used The Hawley – Smoot Act as a

5)_____________
Geogre Bush imposed tariffs on steel in an attempt to revive the industry, but it
6)_____________
Some of the biggest victims of a trade war are 7)_____________, factory workers
and farmers
As a result of protectionism, domestic companies can raise prices without fear of

8)_____________ to foreign competitors. How do you win, it all matters to which
country has the most 9)_____________
Perhaps the worst side effect of a trade war is that it 10)_____________ between
allied countries.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2OhfgeAWb4&t=196s
1. protectionist
2. retaliates
3. begs to differ
4. Great Depression
5. cautionary tale
6. backfired
7. local manufacturers
8. ceding market share
9. grit
10. tears apart relations

Part 90.
Two industries that Trump slapped tariffs on as a form of protectionism:

1)_____________
This may result in a 2)_____________. US trade protectionism affects other

countries, which in turns leads to the retaliation of these countries, products being
stuck in an endless 3)_____________
The last time a trade war took place in the US was during the 4)_____________ in
the 1930s, with the Smoot – Haley 5)_____________ being introduced to protect
the US agriculture. The drop in American 6)_____________ to Canada is given as
an example of the effect of the policy
The Trump administration asserts thay are not protectionist, they only desire for a
7)_____________
Harley-Davidson has responded to the 8)_____________ to impose tariffs on

motorcycles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ekCKgUloBU
1. steel and aluminium
2. ripple effect
3. tug of war
4. Great Depression
5. Tariff Act
6. exports of eggs
7. level playing field
8. EU threat
Part 91.
In the simplest term, a globalized economy is the 1)_____________ across

countries
The silk road is considered as one of 2)_____________ in international trade
When the Silk Road was formed, civilizations remained isolated due to
geographical barriers and 3)_____________. However around the second century
BC, China and central Asia began to share goods and ideas through
4)_____________
Silk was introduced to 5)_____________, who loved it for its lightness
Many historians argue that the greatest impact of the Silk Road was the
6)_____________
Today, an interconnected economy is linked to a loss of 7)_____________,

traditions and languages
The Silk Road left an 8)_____________, affecting civilizations that werent’t

directly related to it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHSgkZsCgtw&t=16s
1. circulation of goods
2. humanity’s first endeavors
3. fear of the unknown
4. nomadic tribes
5. Roman elite
6. spread of ideas
7. cultural distinctiveness
8. immutable impact
Part 92.
Harrison Ford is introduced as a 1)_____________ and an outspoken climate

change activist
We care not just for today but we care 2)_____________ for the future
We only have the possibilty of avoiding a 3)_____________if we refuse to give up
If we don’t change the path that we are on today, the future of humanity is
4)_____________
The destruction of nature accounts for more global emissions than all the
5)_____________ in the world
So long as the Amazon’s great forests are 6)_____________, so long as the

protected lands of tribal, indigenous people are allowed to be 7)_____________, so
long as wetlands are destroyed, our climate goals will 8)_____________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99AwWQ-M2_M&t=297s
1. tireless champion for conservation
2. passionately
3. looming climate catastrophe
4. at stake
5. cars and trucks
6. slashed and burned
7. encroached upon
8. remain out of reach

Part 93.
San Francisco plans to become zero waste by 2020, which is a pretty

1)_____________
Zero waste means sending next to nothing to landfills or 2)_____________
In 2009 the city passed a law requiring residents and businesses to sort their waste
into recycables, 3)_____________ and landfill trash
San Francisco now collects 650 tons of 4)_____________, yard trimmings and
other organic waste everyday
5)_____________ is used to filter out greenhouse gases produced by microbes
The woman thinks composting smells like 6)_____________
Farmers are using the compost to grow 7)_____________, in an effort to use

8)_____________ effectively
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg3OA1s8-SI
1. ambitious but awesome goal
2. incinerators
3. compostables
4. food scraps
5. A piping system
6. hell
7. cover crops
8. carbon
Part 94.
As content on the Internet has become more dynamic, the amount of

1)_____________ consumed has skyrocketed
2)_____________ is exemplified as an activity consuming large amount of data
3)_____________ is pointed out as a project intended to expand network

infrastructure
One of the imminent advancements is the development of 4)_____________
5)_____________ is incredibly data intensive
Buldings will be able to self-monitor to 6)_____________
In addition to investing in 7)____________, companies must make sure their

facilities run as efficiently as possible
By harvesting the power of our natural environments. data centers are proving that
the push to create a better tomorrow does not necessarily 8)_____________
Speeding up the installation of new capacity is achieved by 9)_____________new

facilities off-site
Powering the cloud is becoming the engine of 10)_____________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4fEVgILGos
1. bandwith
2. streaming a video
3. Google Fiber
4. ultrafast 5G networks
5. Virtual Reality
6. detetct wear and tear
7. adequate security measures
8. doom future generations
9. pre-fabricating
10. futuristic economic growth

Part 95.
1. Obesity is becoming a …………………………….in the developing world.

A new report says that over the last three decades, diets in
……………………………have changed significantly.
2. As a result of globalization, high calorie, cheap snack food's now readily

available almost everywhere. Take Mexico, for instance, which Steve Wiggins,
one of the authors of the report, calls ……………………….for the global obesity
problem.
3. Even in a Mexican village, if you walk into a Mexican village store, you'll
be ………………………..lots of tasty offerings of potato chips and nice cookies
with lots of fat and sugar in them and lots of, you know,
……………………………
4. In 1980, less than 40 percent of Mexican women were overweight. By 2008,

almost 70 percent were. This is according to a new report from the
…………………………….in London.
5. The number of obese individuals in the developing world now far

…………………….the number in rich nations.
6. In some Pacific Island nations, more than 90 percent of adults are now
considered overweight. Obesity is also becoming a major problem among
………………………….and it's affecting people in the Arab world.
7. Some parts of the Middle East, such as Egypt, are now running extremely
high rates of overweight and obese people. And it's something like 3 out of every 4
]………………………………. are now overweight or obese.
8. The report notes that excessive consumption of fat, salt and sugar are
significant contributory factors to some cancers,
…………………………………………..
1. major health problem – low and middle income countries
2. a poster child
3. confronted with - sweetened carbonated drinks
4. Overseas Development Institute
5. overshadows
6. upwardly mobile Africans
7. adult female Egyptians/Egyptian women
8. cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Part 96.
1. Millions of people around the world are migrating to other countries right
now. When they reach their destinations and begin work, many of them will send
money to their relatives back home in the form of ………………
2. $430 billion is something like three times the total international development
aid in the world. That suggests remittances ……………………….in helping poor
countries develop.
3. Remittances are more than three times the size of official aid provided by
the……………………….
4. $56 billion. And I probably ………………..when I said it flows out. It

doesn't flow out. Actually, this is money earned by migrants from foreign country
by providing work.
5. We hear a lot of concern in the U.S. that money that leaves the country in
the form of remittances shouldn't leave the country and, instead, should be
……………………….the American economy. Is this……………………………?
6. There is no …………………………when you buy an imported car are an

imported shirt from another country.
7. Ratha said:” It is probably more the case that I was sending a lot of money
home to help my brothers and sisters……………………. And indeed, had I not
been able to earn money and send help to them to………………………., they
probably would not have gone to college.”
1. remittances
2. play an enormous role
3. donor countries
4. misspoke
5. reinvested into - a legitimate concern
6. sense of drain
7. go through the education system - finance education

Part 97.
The advancement of Industry 4.0 will be driven by a smart interconnected

1)_____________
The opportunities for disruption are huge and those left behind will feel it
2)_____________
KPMG has conducted research on what the 3)_____________ were doing in their
factories and offices and it revealed some thought – provoking findings:
- The major players are moving away from isolated 4)_____________ to large-
scale and 5)_____________ across their enterprise and among customers
- It’s important for the players to:
+ think big, 6)_____________ and nurture innovation
+ develop disruptive thought processes aimed at devastating the 7)_____________
+ look for opportunities in every element of their 8)_____________ during the

production process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMmnSZ7U1qM
1. pervasive environment
2. acutely
3. trailblazers
4. silo driven development
5. proactive integration
6. act bold
7. status quo
8. value chain
Part 98.
Influential as Bill Gates might be, he was unable to turn a product into a common
word. It was Google that earned 1)_____________
For its success, Google relied on 2)_____________ which is a particularly old-

fashioned way to market a product
Google has been the default tool for people looking for anything they want to find
online, form 3)_____________ to brass lambs
Google is now the official search engine for top global 4)_____________ America
online
The professor mentioned by the reporter was searching the 5)_____________ in a

relaxed manner looking for things to interest him
The verb to google literally means searching for what is of use to you through a
vast quantity of information, which is another kind of 6)_____________
Little did the mathematician know that in the early 21 st century, the use of the term
Google would become ubiquitous among professionals and 7)_____________
alike
File nghe: Upstream advanced audio – student’s book – CD1 – Track 5 (password:
englishtips.org)
Tapescript: Upstream advanced teacher book - Page 122

1. the ultimate achievement/such honour
2. word of mouth
3. obscure quotations
4. service provider
5. archive
6. sampling
7. laymen
Part 99.
In the earliest days of human history, humans were 1)_____________, often

moving from place to place in search of food
People could raise food, which led to the development of 2)_____________ for
the first time in history
Steady and long term supply of food could only be guaranteed with the advent of
irrigation and 3)_____________
As trade 4)_____________, so did technologies that facilitated it
One reason for the high population densities in some ancient cities was that
everything had to be 5)_____________ due to unavailable transportaion
During the Industrial Revolution, new technology 6)_____________ on a mass

scale allowed cities to expand and integrate further
In the future, food production might move to 7)_____________and skyscrapers,

rooftop gardens or 8)_____________in city centres
The futue of cities is diverse, 9)_____________ and creative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKnAJCSGSdk&t=37s
1. hunter - gatherers
2. semi-permanent villages
3. soil tilling
4. flourished
5. within walking distance
6. deployed
7. vertical farms
8. vacant lots
9. malleable
Part 100.
According to 1)_____________, one of the countries with the highest GDP growth
is Papua New Guinea
The majority of their GDP comes from 2)_____________
The country’s GDP annual growth rate is 8 percent, however the profits have not
3)_____________ to most populations
Palau relies on tourism so much that it seriously struggled at times when major
airlines 4)_____________ to the archipelago
Things changed completely in 2014 when China introduced 5)_____________ to

the island
One of the main reasons for the boom in Ethiopia ‘s GDP is the 6)_____________
of its largest companies
As growth rates are notoriously 7)_____________, they are not a guarantee of

future success
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blJtBaKiHdY&t=97s
1. CIA Factbook
2. mineral deposits
3. trickled down
4. suspended flights
5. direct charter services
6. ongoing privatization
7. unstable and volatile

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Part 51.

The fifth fastest growing economy was Dubai, in the 4)__UAE____________

Dubai has gained incredible growth as 5)______________

Nearly 75 percent of Dubai’s GDP comes from 6)______________

One of the reasons for Turkey’s booming economy is its geographical

Investments can 10)______________ for better trade efficiency in the future

Macau is often referred to as the 11)______________

Macau’s economy is declining rapidly, mainly due to 12)__china crack

Housing shortages and 15)______________ are major problems caused by

4. United Arab Emirates

5. international transit hub

6. the surrounding service industry

7. high – rise condos

8. location between Europe and Asia

9. New Silk Road

10. lay the groundwork

11. Monte Carlo of the Orient

12. China’s crackdown on corruption

13. lifeblood of Macau’s gambling growth

14. took a big hit

While people normally rely on a third party to complete a financial transaction,

By using math and 2)______________, blockchain provides an

Every transaction will be recorded on a 5)______________, which means tax

The new possibiities offered by the bitcoin network to 6)______________ make it

3. open decentralized database

4. distributed property and trust

5. public and distributed ledger

6. bypass traditional financial intermediaries

With the development in sports coverage technology, 1)______________ ground

3)______________ will allow the website’s visitors to follow their favourite

Once the website knows the name of a visitor’s favourite athlete,

At various points in the race, a 5)______________developed in the Netherlands

6)______________attached to the shoes of runners transmit the recorded times to

As runners approach the finish line, the website will 9)______________

As home computers and modems become capable of 10)______________, such

File nghe: Upstream class – CD4 – Track 04 (password: englishtips.org)

Tapescript: Upstreamstudentbook-key – page 163

3. Athlete tracking features

6. High – speed transponder chips

10. higher transmission and reception speeds

Solidarity can be beneficial, but at times it can result in people creating

The aim of prejudical behaviour and attitudes is to discharge feelings of

Prejudice arises when a group feels 5)______________in relation to others.

These workshops look like open discussions as people can 7)______________

and 8)______________ they may encounter.

On completion of the workshop, an objective individual should be able to

File nghe: Upstream class – CD4 – Track 13 (password: englishtips.org)

Tapescript: Upstreamstudentbook-key – page 167

2. can not condone

6. spontaneous verbal response

7. air their feelings

8. vent (any) negative emotions

10. turn inward

1)______________in Bangladesh is over 78 inches, and two-thirds of the country’s

- Dhaka is adding more than 2)______________a year.

- Micro-economies become even 3)______________because of floods.

- Many unskilled people find work in the 4)______________economy.

- In order to 5)______________to provide better services and solve problems like

- In Dhaka’s heyday, it was one of the 6)______________and

- The great migration is 9)______________the city’s infrastructure and services.

- A dozen or more national authorities, mostly run by 10)______________control

4. off the books

10. political appointees

The fifth fastest growing economy was Dubai, in the 4)UAE__________

Multiple intelligent things: 7) _, robots, ____________ working

Things like trade schools, (6) and . Of course a college