Manganese Ore Vision 2020 and Beyond

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

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




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

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      
 
         
           
 
 
      

        
 
       
       
        
       
               
    
       
       
    
                
        
 
   
           
              
  

          
 
        
       
    


 

        



 
           












 



 

 
  

 
 


 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 



  
 
  
  
   
   
  
   
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


  
  

  

  

   
   
   
  
 
  
  
  

  
   
  
   
   
  
  
   

  

  
  
  
   
  
  
  
 
 
 






          
 
         
  
                
           
         
 
           
       
                 
   
               
 
  
        
           
  
        
   
 
 
         
           
 
     
         
  
  
   

 
    
  
 
         
       
                 
 
         
             
           
 
  

           
         
 
          
           
       
       
               
  
 
      
       
     
       
        
  
 

        


            
           
      
          
       
 
         
  
         
              
         
             
  
 

 
                   
         
       
    
         
 
         
        
  
               
  
 
  
       
              
       
          
        
 
           
             
  
        
  
        
    
  
        
  
       
              
    
          
 
        
                
 
           
         
         
       
   
              
        
       

 
  

        
         
  
  
 
   
  
       
                 
      
   
         
               
   
         
                 
 
 
        
                 
 
         
       
     
        
         
 
      
         
  
            
          
           
         
 
  
   
  
          
 
   

          

 

  
      
        
         
         
 

 
                 
             
 
           
        
 
  
 
   
 
                 
             
  
 
    
        
              
         
 
          
 
   

   


   
       
                 
               
  
     
       
        
       
        
 
        

 
   
  
       
           
          
   


   
          
  
  
         
          

 

            
         


 
 

 
               

             

 
 

 
           


              





 





   
 
           
 

 

 







 


 



        
              
      
  
             

 
   
        
  
       




 
 
 








        
 

      





    


     
    
    
     
           
 
        
    
        
 




  




 
 

    
 
 


         
         



     

 
       
            
         
       
 
        
        
          
                       
        
           
       
  
 

 
  
         
              
       
      
      
      
  

               
         
      
  
    
 
                 
        
        
       
     
  
      
 
 
        
      
  



 

  
    
  
       
      
        
     
  

       
   
      
 

 
      

       

    
 
      
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 
  
 

         
       
        
 
 
      
             
         
         
      
       
              
      
         
 
               
        
          
         
  

      
   
       
       
 
         
         
               
       

 
  
              
      
 
     
  


  
 
           
 
  
        
   

         
 
              
 
         
  
   
 
  
  
 
  
 
           
 
 
        
       
     

 



    
     

     

      

     


    

 

 
  



     
    
  
 
 
      
      
      
      
      

      

 
         
                
          
 
 
        
               
   
          

 
 

        


        
          
  
         
  
          
 

      


           
         
              
        
  
           
         
               
  
         
          
      

 
 
 
         
          
      
       
   
    
        
                
   
       
          
       
  
           
   
         
        
       
               
  
       

 
 
        

       
   
       
            
  
                  
      
      
                 
          
  
       
        
             
  
 
 
  
         

 
 
      
    
         
        
 
       
                
       
          
             
           
       

   
            
      
        
 

  
              
      
              
  
       
 

      
            
        
       
   
         
   

  
            
   
  
   
            
        
 
      
        

 
         
   
                 
 
  

        


                 
       



 

   


               
     
             
       
      

  
          
        
            
      
      
            

     
       
   
                  
 

           
   
       
        
   

    
  
              
           

 
 
 
 
   
       
  

          
           
     
  
  
  
 
 
         
       
      
      
    
 

         
          
   
 

  
           
     
 

        
               
           
       
   
         
    
                
        
      
         
    
                 
 
    

 
 
      
 
 
 
   
   
   

  
 
  
 

  

  


          
   

    
                 
   
  

     

         
        
        
 

       
        
  
        

 
         

          
        
      
  
              
       
       
     
 

 
      
     
       
  
 
  

 
            
  
           
      
                 
        
 
 
  
        
  
 
  



 
 

     
         
      
         
      
        
 

       
                 
                
                 
 
        
  
  
          
        
          

 
              
       
              
 
   
  
        
            
         
            
  
       
  
          
    

 
          
       
        
  
                       
 
         
 
        
   
        

  
         
        
                    
  
   
          
 
 
   
     
 
 
  
 
  

 
 



 

           
 
 

       
         
  
      
 


   


       

  
               
       
           

 


   


    
 
 
  
  

 
   

    

   
 
   
 
  


 
  

  

 

















































































 
 



















    
    
  

 
 









     



   

 







        



   

 
 





     



   

 













         



   

 
 









        



   

 











       




   

 
 











       




   

 













        




   

 
   

    


       
 
         
       
       
        

  
  
         
  


 











          

   

 
 









 


 





   



 





 










 

   





 




  
  
          
          
                
                
       
 
       
   
       
       
         
          
       
   
         
 
        
                  
  

          
        
  
        
   
        
 

 
         
   
 
                 
         
  

 
 
 
   
  
  

    



        
 

 

           
         
 
          
 

    


 
 
    
         
   
        
  
 
 

         


       
      
 

   
        

 
       
           
 

 

        
               
 
 
         
       
                
             
  
  

 
      
 
         
       

 

                
       
   
 
         
          
  
        
   
         
 
           
 


  
  
  

              
       
     
 
                  
   
  
         
       

 
             
        
  
     
        
    
   
        
   
       
      
   
       
  
      
          
  
        
 
          
         
     
  
       
 

               
 
         
       
       
        
 
                      
            
        
 
    
 
 

          


  
       
             

 
        
            
 

  

           
        
       
       
         
           
        
      
 

         


 
         
   
        
 
                
      
      
               
  

                  
   
 

      
        
           
         
         
       
         
        
          
 
  


    
                 
       
         

          
 
                
 

 
     
      
 

   
      
       
               
      
      
     

         
       
                          
  

       
        
            
      
       
  
    
         
 
         
       
       
                
     
         
   
       
               
  

         
 

    
   
      
  


 
    
           
      

         
       
        
      
        

      
               
      
 
       

      
        
               
  
         
         
  
         
 
 
        
 
       
  
         
              
          
 
                
  

  
        

     
     

 

      

    
                         
                        

 
               
         

 










 
 



 


 

 


 
 

 




 
 






 

 


 
       

                    
             
       
      
 

        


  
  
        
       
         
     
          

  
         
         
  

    


           
  
                 
 

 

  
  
       
  
     
             
         
           
      
       
        
      
       
 

 


 
          
 
          
 
  
          
 
   
   
       
 
         
         
 
  
       
                               
 


  
           
    
              






  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  




 



  
  
    
    
    
    
   
 
  

  

  
  
  
  
  
 

          


 
    
  
          
 

         


         
                   
  
      
                          
  
       
       
  
 
              
               
       
          
     
    

 
                
                 
              
  

         
         
      
   
   
          
    
      
  
         
        
 
        
          
              
 



  

  


  

     

 
 
      

          
      


          
       
     
 

 
  


        
 
   
               
        

 

         
 
   
       
         
  


 

 
  
 
    
        
               
  


  
   
   
         

    
   
 
  

           
 
        
            
 

 

 
 


      
   
  
          
 
           


 

















               







 



  
   
 
  
        
 
                                            
        
             
               
 
      
           
 
   
       
  
 
       
          
      
        
        
              
       
        

        
                  
 
    
               
         
 
       

 
  
         
         
 
      
                  
        
  
  
            
     
             
  
       
 
          
      
 
            
        
        
               
        



 
 
  
                     
                    
         
    
         
         
  
  

                   
        
  
 
           
   
          
   
            
       
       
    



  



     
     
    

    
 
   
 
   



  
 
   

   

  

  

    

 
  

   



 



 

  
  
  
  
  
  

          
        
        
 


         


 
       
               
 
   
           

 




    
               
   
  
        
   
 
   
  
           
          
   

 
         
         
        
        
  
       
 
 
 
         
  
 
        
        
  

 
          
         

  

           
      
                   
     
 
          
 
                   
 
        
         
  
       
      
          
         
 
       
               
                
 

 
                   
           
   

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
        
          
          
                   

 
 



    

            
 

        
        
        
        
        

        


    
   
 
        
         
   
   
        
         
                 
               
                   
          
         
 
        
 
    
               
   
    
        
  
         
 
     
   
          
  
 
 
           
  
         
         
      
  

 
   
  
 
         
         
       
   
  

        


         
          
              
 
      
  
          
                  
              
           
   
  
        
        
   
 
        
  
           
 
          
  
  
  
  


    
          
         
       
        
   
          
  

 
   
       
 
             
 

        
  
 
  
       
 
          
                
  

         
  
  

        
        
 
  
  
 
   

   
   
   
 
         
         
 


    
  
         
  
     
   
     
 

 
    
                 
 
 

 

  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   

 





       
       
       
         

      
        
         
       


    
  

  

 




 
 

   


   
     
        
  
   
  
  

   
 
 




   
   


 







 

  

  


   
  
  

 
 
 
  
   
   



 

 
  

 

  

 
 
 

  

 
  
  
 
 
     
   
    
 
    
    
      
   
 


      
     
      
     
      
 
    
   
 
 


 

   
    

  


  

 
 

  


  
  
  
  
  

 

       
    
        
        
      
       
 
           
 
 
       
          

  

 
   

 

   


   


    


    
 
    
    


   


 
 

         
               
  


 

 

  



  
   

   

   

   
   
  

 

 



  
 
   

   
   
  


  
  
 

 

 

 
  

   


   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 


  

   
 
  
 
 
 
 



  



 

 










 
 
 
 
 


 




    


    
    
  

   
  



  


  
 
  

   


 
  
  
  
  
  

       


  
       
         
          
   
      
          
        
   
          

           
    
               
  
       
        
  

 
           
   
       
                
   

 
          
       
 

        
    
       
               
                
  
        
         
      
         
 
       

 

   
            
        

 





   









    





 
  
 
   
 
           
  

 
   
  
 
          
 
      

 
   
 

  
  
 
 
      
         
   
    
  
     

 


         


       
           
       
                                 
       
  
   
                 
          
                 
 
          
   
 
        
           
  
          
       
           
                 
   
         
  
  
  
  
 


         
   
 
      
           
 

  
        
         
        
 
          
         

 
       
 
 

       
    
           
             
        

  
                   
   
  
       
       
         


                   
   
  
         
       
  
          
                
         
 
    
          
            

 




      


   
    
    
          
        
    
      
   
  
                      
      
      
                             
          
           
        
      
     
    
       
     
      
       
    
   
           
                
             
      
            
      
       
      
                           


 



   


  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
   
   
    
    
   
    




  


 
    
    
    
    
    


 

 

   


  
   
    
    
 
    
    
   
     
    




 
 
 
 
 
 
  

  
 
  

 
 
 
  

 

 

   


 
    
    
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
  


 
 

 
 


 
   
  
   
  
   
    
   
 
    
   
   
 
   
 
   

 


 
        





 
 

 
  
   
          
 
 


   


 
         
 
 
  

 

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