Chapter 1
DESTRUCTION OF LIFE
 
 
1. Victim - Crime/Felony
 
2. Unborn Fetus
Intentional (with or without violence)
Unintentional (violence is an element)
Therapeutic (legal)
 

Art. 256 - 259 Abortion

 
Whether it is intentional or unintentional there will be expulsion (expel)
 
Unintentional this must be followed by violence,
Remember: Violence is very important element.
 
Private crimes:
SEDUCTION
ABDUCTION
RAPE / DATI pero PUBLIC CRIME NA
ACTS OF LASCIVIOUSNESS
CONCUBINAGE
ADULTERY
 
If it is a Public Crime who can file a complaint.
 Anybody who has interest on the outcome can file a complaint.
 Police.
 
Given drug was not accompanied with violence upon the pregnant woman.
 
Praeter Intentionem
 
 
3. Newly born. Once a child is born, 2 days not less than 3 days old.
It is not much material as to who is the offender, the issue is the victim again.
 
That is the time we call the crime of Art. 255 Infanticide
The victim must be someone who is born alive and someone who is below three days
old or less than 3 days old.
 
Yung offender might only be considered if we are going to look at the concept of
punishment. Because under the law, infanticide does not have a penalty.
 
Penalty: Still depending on the offender. (not an issue yet)
 
Once the victim is already three days and above
NO ABORTION, NO INFANTICIDE
then we proceed down to the next possible crime
 
 
4. Three days old and above
Relationship of the offender with the victim is an element.
 
The Victim is the Offender's ----
1. Father, Mother, or Child (Legitimate or Illegitimate)
2. Legitimate Spouse
3. Other Direct Ascendants Direct Descendant (Legitimate)
 
 

Art. 246 Parricide

Ang parricide ay isang krimen kung saan ang isang akusado ay nakapatay ng ama, ina,
o anak legitimate man o illegitimate. Maari ding napatay ng akusado ang kanyang
legitimate na lolo/lola o mga magulang ng mga ito, o kaya naman napatay ng akusado
ang kanyang legitimate na apo o alin man sa mga anak nito. Ang parricide ay may
parusang kulong mula 20 at 1 araw hanggang 40 taon o reclusion perpetua.
 
Legitimacy
Illegitimate
 
If the killer is the ille or le son, relationship between the Father and Mother, valid ba ang
kasal o hindi? Did they follow the reqs for marriage or not. There are reqs, hindi ka
basta basta ikakasal, there are prerequisite for valid marriage, accdng to civil code:
 
Must be:
1. Between a boy and a girl.
2. The girl must be 18 years old. The boy must be 20 years old.
3. There must be consent from the parent. If no, marriage will not be solemnized.
BC will be submitted for purposes of determining.
4. If the girl is 21 years old, the boy is 23 years old, ang pwedeng bibigay ang
Parental Advice, kung lumagpas na, there is no need for parental consent and
advice. Kaya nag pasa ang congress ng batas na bawal ang child marriage,
bago lang yung batas, ang sinasabi ay may criminal liability kung sino man ang
nagpakasal sa dalawang bata, pag below 18 yo tas walang parental consent, na-
solemnized, walang criminal liability, it will be invalid and voidable. Pag walang
marriage license, Solemnification. Sino ang pwedeng mag solemnize? Licensed,
 and can perform marriage. Father (Pare), church has it, Judge (RTC, MTC, SCJ)
Mayor
5. Babae, filipina, lalake ay Japanese. Mixed marriage, private international law will
apply. Will comply for requisite required.
 
 
Immediate Ascendant Tatay o anak, whether ille or le, PARRICIDE.
 
They must be legitimate to consider that it is Parricide or Murder/Homicide.
 
Pag relationship by consanguinity (by blood) ang pag patay, parricide.
Pag between sa magulang at anak parricide basta by blood yung relationship nila.
Pero kung ampon lang yung anak nila murder.
Major elements ng parricide is yung relationship ng offender sa victim.
 
Unang evidence na hinihingi sa korte: Marriage contract dapat galing sa NSO,
pag valid, PARRICIDE.
 
 
Exclusive enumeration
Doesn't include brothers, sisters, tito, tita, niece and nephews
 
Victims may be the:
-Spouse
-The Mother or the Father may be the victim (legitimate or legit)
-Son or daughter
 
If you go higher than your Father,
Grandfather and you, your relationship must be legitimate.
 
Ille or Le - Murder or homicide as the case may be.
 
Illegitimate Son or Daughter - Ang Nanay at Tatay niya ay hindi kasal.
 
Legitimate - Pag kasal ang parents
Relationship by Affinity - related by Law
Relationship by Consanguinity - related by Blood
 
 
 

Art. 248 Murder

It is not the relationship but the manner by which the killing took place.
 
1. The killing does NOT fall under Infanticide or Parricide; and
2. There is the presence of Qualifying Aggravating Circumstances
 
ELEMENTS:
1. Treachery or may pang tra traydor, taking advantage of superior strength
with the aid of armed men (bond) (must be more than three), ang kalaban mo
ay sampu lahat may hawak na itak, tas ikaw mag isa lang, are they taking
advantage of superior strength?: yes, or employing means to weaken the
defense.
 
EXAMPLE:
Sa fire, habang nagkasiyahan yung mga barkada, inuman ng lambanog, may pumasok
na medyo sira ang ulo, nakisaya, to the extent nung nalasing na, sumasayaw itong
siraulo, binuhusan ng lambanog nung isa, yung siraulo, niliyaban at dinala sa ospital at
dun namatay.
 
Is there an intention to kill by fire? DOLO (malicious intention to cause injury to another)
 
Nasusunog na yung damit nung siraulo, ayaw pang tumigil na pagsasayaw.
 
There is no murder bc there is no intention to kill. Namatay siya bc of third degree
burns. Not the intionally killing him by fire. By there is still criminally liable for causing
Homicide. Propensity is murder by fire, but there are no intention dahil di siya namatay
by fire, pwede nating sabihin murder by fire kung ikaw ay tinalian sa isang punong
kahoy, at nilagay sa paa mo madami kahoy at sinindihan yung kahoy, there is the
intention to kill by fire.
 
Whether the attendant circumstances is present or not, if it is not there, it is not murder.
 
REMEMBER:
Whenever a child of tender age, 5-7years old, is killed it is always murder. Bc it is
attended by superior strength.
 
 
 
Crimes against Under Physical injuries inflicted
under Exceptional Circumstances
 
Nahuli mo sila, on the act of having sexual intercourse inflagrante delictu, the tendency
is to kill, ang una mong pagbubuntunan ng galit mo ay yung lalake, murder, if both --
parricide and murder. Depends if it is actually, right there and then binaril mo sila,
caught in the act. Lumundag sa bintana tas hinabol niya, after 5 hours, nakita niya yung
lalake tas nagma majong, at dun niya pinatay.

 
 
 
Is this considered by Art. 247
Applicable din sa anak who's below 18 years old may anak na babae who stays with the
parents at naabutan ng magulang yung anakn na babae na may kasamang boyfriend,
having sex sa bahay.
 
 
 

Art. 249 Homicide

If the crime does not involve any Qualifying Aggravating Circumstances there is
absence of any of the Qualifying Circumstances under Murder.
 
 
Attempted or Frustrated
There is intent to kill but the victim did not die or ALIVE.
 
 
There is NO INTENT TO KILL but injuries were inflicted to the victim or there are other
form of assault done against the victim then the crime may either fall now under:
 
1. Illegal Discharge of Firearm
2. Mutilation
3. Serious Physical Injury
4. Less Serious Physical Injury
5. Slight Physical Injury
6. Administering Injurious substance or Beverages
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
The Former - unang binanggit
The Latter - huling binanggit
 
 
Legitimate son - Tatay / Lolo (Parricide)
Illegitimate son - Tatay (Parricide) (Nanay, Tatay)
 
Legitimate Spouse
 
Halimbawa, di kayo magkaanak, nag ampon kayo. Legal adoption. Court approved.
Kaso ang problema naman salbahe yung bata, napatay mo.
 
Refers to: Relationship by consanguinity.
 
Legitimacy
 
1. Consanguinity - related by blood
2. Affinity - related by law.
a. Father in law
b. Mother in law
c. Brother in law
d. Sister in law
 
 
Article 246 (Kapatid -sideways)
Ascendants - Grand Mother, Grand Father, Great Grand Father and Great Grand
Mother
Descendants - Apo, anak ng Apo, Apo ng Apo
 
Adoptee - Adopter - Murder
Adopter - Adoptee - Murder
 
 
 
 

Art. 247 Death under Physical Injuries

under Exceptional Circumstances
 
1. The killer is a married person, and the person he kills is his lawful wedded wife,
kasi pag di sila mag asawa, like parricide, dat lawful para maconsider na Art 247,
kung hindi, murder magiging kaso. You surprised them having sexual intercourse
w another, soon after or immediately thereafter, or another circumstances under
such circumstances na walang ibang presumption kung hindi nag sex sila. They
just engage in carnal relationship
 
Applicable din sa anak na babae below 18 yo who only resides with the parents.
Pag pinagsasampal lang, not applicable.
 
Kaso: Parricide at Murder
Penalty: Destierro
Defense: Art. 247
 
Hindi kailangang nakita mo ng akto, you can presume that they act of infidelity.
Ex: Kalalabas lang sa Hotel.
 
Si babae pag uwi niya, may ibang babae na nagbibihis sa bahay, tas si lalake
nagbibihis. The circ says that they committed, they perform sexual intercourse.
Pinagbantaan mo gamit ang batuta, causing physical injuries.
 
 
Halimbawa:
Nasa Saudi asawa mo, nung umuwi hinahanap niya asawa niya, wala yung asawa niya.
Sinabi sa kanya ng kaaptid niya na sumama sa ibang lalake yung asawa niya, sumama
sa Hotel, tumakbo ngayon siya upang ma-confirm, nung nasa lobby siya, nakita niya
asawa niya, lumabas sa kwarto, kasama yung ibang lalake, immediately thereafter,
hindi niya pinatay, pina aresto niya yung dalawa, ang mali niya, kinasuhan lang yung
lalake, hindi niya kinasuhan yung babae ng Adultery. It takes two to tango, dat
kinasuhan niya parehas, na asunto yung kaso, dat parehas sila. Immediately thereafter
that there is no other presumption but to conclude that they have carnal intercourse,
kalalabas lang sa Hotel. And so he was charge with Parricide dahil asawa niya, and
another case of murder, if you will notice, itong Art 247 is not a criminal offense, it is a
privilege granted to a person who has been a victim of an illicit relationship by the wife.
Ginagamit to bilang depensa, you avail of that privilege.
 
Hindi mo nahuli sila na habang nag se sex, or immediately thereafter, hinabol niya ang
kaniyang depensa ay Art. 247, can he avail instead of pinahuli lang, can he avail Art.
247 of that defenses dahil ang circumstances kahit di mo sila nahuli ng actual carnal
circumstances, immediately thereafter that there will be no other presumption.
 
Ang dahilan ay hindi upang magdasal ng rosaryo. You went there not for purposes of
praying.
 
Sabi ng SC, that the proximate cause of the death, or result is the overwhelming
outrage of the accused, bc of the bases acted of infidelity.
 
Convince that it is immediately thereafter.
 
Nandyan yung sakit ng loob then you can avail of the defense of death under
exceptional circ, however if you fail to prove that you surprise them that you caught
them with a surprise then you will be liable of Parricide and Murder. There will be no any
other presumption.
 
Art. 247, is not a criminal offense, it is a defense.
 
Pag hindi kasal either Murder or Homicide
Murder pag attendant ang circ na sinasabi sa Murder.
 
In most cases, murder, it is connected to Principal Event which is having sex.
 
 

 
 
Art. 248 MURDER
Attendant or Elements of MURDER
It is a common crime.
Police parlans, it is an index crime o palaging nangyayari kaya kinakailangan alam ng
Pulis.
 
1. Treachery - pag pinatay mo siya ng may pagtataksil or betrayal. Or may pang tra
traydor, taking advantage of superior strength with the aid of armed men
(bond) (must be more than three), ang kalaban mo ay sampu lahat may hawak
na itak, tas ikaw mag isa lang, are they taking advantage of superior strength?:
yes, or employing means to weaken the defense.
 
2. In consideration of inundation, poison, fire and whatnot - pag pinatay mo siya
gamit ang poison o nakakalason, gamit din ang apoy o panununog.
 
3. On occasion of any of the calamities - pinatay mo siya habang may lindol o
eruption of volcano, epidemic or other public calamity.
 
4. With evident premeditation - pinagplanuhan
5. With cruelty - may pag cause ng pain and suffering
 
 
 
 

Art. 249 HOMICIDE

 
Ang intent to kill under the law, although wala sa element yun of homicide. But it is
presumed to kill. however walang presence ng attendance of any circ ng murder. wala
ring presence of any element ng paricide, sapagkat ang napatay hindi naman nanay
tatay o asawa. hindi rin less than 3 days old, so walang ring infanticide, eh di homicide.
 
THINGS TO REMEMBER:
1. Hindi murder dahil hindi present yung circ ng murder.
2. Hindi paricide
3. Hindi infanticide
4. Eh di homicide.
 
two kinds:
 
Intention to kill.
Unintentional.
 
Aksidente - CULPA
Walang atteding circ ng murder.
Murder - henous crime. walang piyansa
Homicide - may piyansa.
 
CULPABLE - Imprudence, negligence lang, pwede iareglo. Mas mababa yung culpa,
dahil pwedeng iareglo. Dahil negligence lang.
 
 
Pwede siyang DOLO or CULPA.
If the killer is not related to the victim, then there is no murder. If the victim is not less
than three days old then there is no infanticide.
 
Process of Elimination
Ito bang biktima titingnan mo, are they related to one another?
 
Then this is stranger.
 
 
SC ruled in one case
 
Sabi boxing P VS L, napatay ni Pac kalaban niya, is there a crime committed?
Boxing is governed by sports regulation, there is no liabilities bc of the regulations. Pero
kung binayagan niya unintentionally, wo intention at namatay, then he is guilty of
Homicide through Reckless Imprudence, but if intentional, hitting below the belt, he is
liable for homicide.
 
Difference
 
Homicide if it is intentional, and you hit the opponent below the belt. The intention to
cause injury is presumed.
 
Reckless Imprudence is CULPA.
Malicious intent to cause injury to another.
 
Investigation Division
Homicide Division
Napaka importanteng malaman ng isang Pulis kung ano ang Homicide.
 
Kumbaga sa kanta, toptune yan sa mga Pulis.
 
 

Art. 251
DEATH UNDER TUMULTUOUS
AFFRAY
 
Labo-labo, or more than three persons, it doesn’t refer to a gang war.
Pag may namatay sa Gang War, papasok yung conspiracy.
 
Problema rito, kung may namatay.
 
If a person dies during a tumultuous affray, the person who caused phy injury upon the
person, the he will be liable. Contributory to death. Not identifiable kung sino ang
pumatay o bakit nagkaroon ng patay, you cannot distinguish.
 
Who caused the death or injury?

 
Art. 253 SUICIDE
Prision Temporal
Walang liability bc he is already dead.
Problem: I assisted uminom muna siya ng gamot nagalagay siya ng tali, umakyat ng
bangko. Pag nahilo nako, sipain mo na yug bangko.
 
Provision ng SUICIDE.
Sino ang liable? It is not the person who commits suicide who is liable, it is the person
who assisted him to commit. Kung sakaling consummated, paano magiging liable kung
patay na. The one who assisted him, he is liable whether consummated or frustrated.
 
Suicide - There must be a person assisting a person to commit suicide.
 
 
Elements of Giving assistance to SUICIDE
1. By assisting another to commit suicide, whether the suicide be consummated or
not.
 2. By lending his assistance to another to commit to the extent of doing the killing of
himself.
 
Ex.
Lumundag sa taas, then naglalakad si B sa baba, namatay si B.
 
There is no crime committed, because it is SUICIDE.
 
A person who is committing a Felony,
Can you file a case against him for suicide? No.
 
There is no crime committed but he will be charged for Civil Liability.
 
Depende sa testigo. The intention to commit is different.
CULPA ang magiging actionable dyan.
 
Depende kung frustrated or attempted suicide. Pero kung nakatayo pa sa bangko, at
hindi pa sinipa, at dumating ang magulang, you are liable for Attempted Suicide or
Giving Assistance to Suicide.
 
Assignment:
Chapter 2: Physical Injuries
Art. 262 Mutilation is assigned to Seth Fajardo.
Art. 263 Serious Physical Injuries is assigned to Ernesto Casidsid.
Art. 264 Injurious Substance is assigned to Rmy Coronel.
Art. 265 Less Serious Physical Injuries is assigned to Robinson
Art. 266 Slight Physical Injuries is assigned to Janella
Art. 266-A Rape is assigned to Cabildo
Art. 266-B Penalties Ryan Teodoro
 
 
Ang 266-B ito po ay tungkol sa Rape, bakit rape ang ibig sabihin nito. Examples and
scenarios.
 
How it is committed
 
 

Art. 260 RESPONSIBILITY OF

PARTICIPANTS IN DUEL
Sino ang pinaparusahan? Person who inflicted physical injury.
 
Duel, kailangan may second. And there's an agreement by both parties.
Both of them are liable.
 
Duel - may agreement ang dalawa to fight under conditions na gusto nilang conditions.
 
Itak o palakol?
45 ka, ako armalight.
Ikaw knife, ako bolo.
 
May agreement. Both parties agreed.
 
1. Agreement
2. There must be a referee.
 
Gaya ng boxing, may referee.
 
Isko, tarantado ka at magtutuos tayo. Eh bumaba, nakita niyang may dalang itak kaya
bumaba rin siyang may itak, napatay si Isko.
 
Crime? Duel? No. Dahil walang agreement at referee.
What crime committed? Homicide.
 
Murder if there must be one attendance circ ng murder. May treachery ba, wala.
 
 
Why there is no murder division in the PNP
Philippines, only Homicide Division?
 
Homicide is a generic term which includes murder in its generic term sa pag isip na
pagpatay.
 
Lumusob ang mga bandido sa bangko, pagpasok sa bangko, kuniha mga pera, may
lookout sa labas, porke nakilala sila, hindi naka-mask, pinaluhod mga teller at mga
nagde deposit, nung nakaluhod na, pinagbabaril sa likuran ng ulo, ang charge na
ginawa sa kanila, robbery with multiple homicide. Tama ba yun? It is, ofc there is
attendance of circ treachery, also the victim there is no opporunity to defend himself,
there is also attendant circ by a bond, with the aid of armed men more than three.
However, ang kaso ay robbery with homicide. Tanong? Bakit ganun ang kaso,
sapagkat ang salitang homicide, used as a generic term. Ang classificton natin ay
Generic, Qualifying, Inherent. So isa mga yan ang term na generic. Homicide is a
generic term which inludes murder in its generic term sa pag isip na pagpatay. Pag
imbestiga, saka pa lang malalaman, but if the crime committed is a complex crime,
robbery acompanied by killing it is always robbery with homicide.
 
Halimbawa pumasok ka sa bahay para mag nakaw, ni-rape mo may ari ng bahay, tas
binaril mo dahil nakilala ka.
 
Case: Robbery with Homicide aggravated with Rape.
 
 
Liable for Physical injuries, whether serious or less serious. Second, they are also liable
ang second, ang liabliity nila they will be punsihed just the same, pag may namatay,
ang second, tataas ang penalty niya dahil may namaty sa duel. Kung ano injury na
nasustain, yun rin ang duel.
 
 

  PHYSICAL INJURIES
Art. 262 Mutilation
Pag putol sa bahagi ng katawan ng tao, dahil dito nagkaron siya ng pinsala.
 
Penalty: Reclusion Temporal - Reclusion Perpetua
 
Pag isang mata lang, serious physical injury.
 
Mutilation
1. Castration - intentional, mataatwag pag essential organ ang pinutol. Like, penis.
Ang pagputol o bahagi ng katawan ng tao na hindi mahalaga sa pagpaparami.
 
2. Meyhem - is a criminal act disfiguring cutting of making it useless. Ex. Leg, arm,
tuhod, eye. Isang krimen na lumpuhin o tanggalan ng karapatan ng tao.
 
Penalty: Prision Mayor in its max period.
 
 
Difference, kung paano mo siya na-commit at anong bahagi ng katawan ng tao yung
naputol.
 
Decapitation - pagputol ng ulo ng tao
Mutilation - ulo sa ibaba yung naputol.
 
Nagalit si misis kay mister, kaliwat kanan ang kabit, may dala dalang gunting, pinutol
ang tite.Castration, kapon. For purposes of producing reporoduction.
 
Sa babae naman, ang kina-castrate. Popular sa Africa, hindi lamang ang lalake ang
tinutuli, pati babae,yung kanilang obum ang tinatanggal. Whatever is the custom and
tradition, that is not our concern.
 
Pine penalize natin ang pagtanggal nito sa PH.
 
MUST BE INTENTIONALLY
There is an intent. Intentional Mutilation.
 
1. Mutilation by Castration - reproduction system ng tao whether lalake or babae.
 
2. By cutting of one of the Essential part of the body - Hindi yung organ ng tao
ang pinuputol. Tinanggal mo yung kamay, paa, braso.
 
 
Mutilation
Parehas with intent
 
1. Mutilation - castration, pinuputulan ng ari yung ibang parte ng katawan which serves
as reporoduction, lalake or babae.
 
2. Pagputol ng essential part of the body - paa, paano makakalakad?
any other part of the body that is essential, it is called mutilation.
 
Crime of Mutilation
- means in production a substance to the body. injurious or not, if you do not know, then
there is no liability.
 
 
 

Art. 263 SERIOUS PHYSICAL

INJURIES
1. Serious
2. Less serious
3. Slight serious
 
Any person who shall wound, beat or assault another.
 
How committed?
Wounding, beating, assaulting, administering injurious substance.
 
Mutilation - two kinds has always intention.
 
<<Art. 263.docx>>

 
Art. 264 ADMINISTERING INJURIOUS
SUBSTANCE
 
May chemical at nakakalason. Nakakamatay.

 
injurious substance ay kasama sa privision ng physical injuries, ito yung inuming
chemical na may halong harmful effect sa katwan ng tao na pwedeng maka apekto sa
katawan ng tao pag di agad naagapan tulad ng lason.
 
pagkain
pag inom
pag inject
 
that will cause physical injuries
was given substance orally that will cause physical injury.
 
if there is an intention to kill,
 
knowingly - there must be an intent, at di namatay it might fall under frustrated murder.
 
unknowingly (not liable) not fatal o hindi nakakamatay - papasok sa injurious subs in
fact di mo naman alam, like abortion. nagkasakit sa tiyan yung gf niya, accdng to the
court, he doesn't know. so there is no crime of abortion, bc there is no violence.
 
 
if no intention, simply put the injurious substance belongs to serious physical injuries.
 
if the crime is not fatal, if you are not aware - it may fall
 
2 kinds of drugs:
1. prohibited drugs
2. not prohibited drugs
 
 
morphine - naaalis yung pain, so di ka na masyadong naghihirap.

 
Pag binaril mo hindi naman fatal, that is Physical Injury.
 
Was it accidental or intended?
 

Art. 265 Less Serious Physical

Injuries
 
The parents will be liable:
- sc says that if the injury sustained by the child, there is no liabillity incurred by the
parents.
 
Chastisement
parang iniinsulto mo yung bata. damage to the child.
 

Art. 266 Slight Physical Injuries and

Maltreatment
 
 
<<Art. 266.docx>>
 
 

Art. 266-A Rape

<<Article-266-A.docx>>

 
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
 
QUALIFIED THEFT - a theft with trust and confidence
- yaya, hardinero
hindi na kasali ang motor vehicle dahil nasa anti carnapping law. unlike motor vehicle
powered by motor. there are exceptions to this rule on carnapping kung anu ano ang
kasali sa anti carnapping law.
 
except bulldozer, crane, pison
 
Art. 306 brigandage
nagsasagawa ng highway robbery
more than 3 armed men using force and violence.
 
there must be 4 armed men.
 
brigandage commit robbery in higway in the ph. or kidnap for ransom
 
BRIGANDAGE- is a crime committed by more than three armed persons who form a
band of robbers for the purpose of committing robbery in the highway or kidnapping
persons for the purpose of extortion or to obtain ransom, or for any other purpose to be
attained by means of force and violence.
 
robbery in band - pagnanakaw na di naman kailangan sa kalsada.
 
There is brigandage when –
1. at least four armed persons,
2. band of robbers, and
3. their purpose is any of the ff:
a. Robbery in the highway
b. Kidnapping for extortion or ransom
c. Any other purpose to be obtained by means of force and violence.
 
 
Presumption of law as to brigandage: all are presumed highway robbers or brigands, if
any of them carries unlicensed firearm.
 
The arms carried may be any deadly weapon.
 
The main object of the law is to prevent the formation of band of
robbers.
 
The term highway includes city streets.
 
The following must be proved:
1. That there is an organization of more than 3 armed persons
forming a band of robbers
2. That the purpose of the band is any of those enumerated in Art. 306.
3. That they went upon the highway or roamed upon the country for
that purpose.
4. That the accused is a member of such band.
 
 
Two classification of robbery
 
1. robbery w violence or intimidation against persons
a. robbery w homicide
b. robbery w rape
 
2. robbery with violence and force upon things
a. robbery inhabited place
b. robbery in an inhabited place
 
What kind of offense is robbery?
it is classified as special complex crime
 
 
compound crime
- is a crime where a singular act resulted into two or more less grave offenses
 
ex.
kung laman ng kotse ay namatay, at sa tryc naman suffered physical injuries or
namatay.
 
complex crime
- is where one the commission of one felony is neccesary to commit the other o yung
principal desire.
 
ex.
kung gusto mong rapin yung babae pero palaging bantay sarado ng magulang, ang
gagawin mo ia-abduct mo yung babae, uproot her physically from where she is, to
commit rape.
 
ex.
falsification, commision of malversation of funds.
yung 1M na tinanggap mo na pambayad, binura mo yung mga zero at ginawa mong
10K. hati hati kayo nung nagbayad.
 
 
special complex crime
- this crime is provided for by law.
bc the law itself say so that it is a special complex crime
 
ex.
robbery
batas mismo nagsasabi na special complex crime to.
 
the rape was committed in the course of robbery or by reason of the robbery, homicide
was committed. but that is separate robbery and the other crime was murder. or by
reason of.
 
umakyat ng bahay para magnakaw, nilagay na sa lahat yung mga ninakaw, nakita yung
may ari ng bahay nirape,
 
in the course of robbery rape was committed.
 
2. pumasok sa bangko by a band, somebody died. in the course of robbery
 
 
general principle
if the intention is to commit robbery and somebody died it is always a robbery with
homicide. however, if the intention is to kill and after killing you took the propertty of the
person killed,
 
the crime committed:
murder and theft. or robbery
 
hinablot niya yung bag ng babae, tas natumba, nakuha niya yung bag, tumakbo siya, sa
quiapo to nangyari, habang tumatakbo siya, yung pulis na nakakita sa kanya, hinabol
siya. so nagkagulo habang naghahabulan. yung isang bahay sa, may veranda,
pumunta yung tao at dumungaw, tiningnan yung kalye at bakit nagkakagulo, upang
takutin si pulis, bumaril ang magnanakaw pataas, para di na siya habulin, tinamaan si
kamote. patay. what crime is committed?
robbery with homicide.
 
in the course of robbery, somebody got killed.
 
sa bangko, pag namatay ang teller, robbery w homicide.
 
nung dumating ang pulis napatay ng pulis isa sa mga robber, robbery w homicide.
 
in the course of robbery, somebody got killed. always robbery with homicide.
 
ex.
committed rape.
tapos na sila magnakaw, sinakay na sa jeep yung ninakaw, bumalik yung isa at
nagandahan siya sa may ari ng bahay.
 
robbery
and rape
 
agaw armas gang
nakita yung baril ng pulis, 45 calibre. binaril si pulis at kinuha yung baril, wallet at phone.
 
what crime was committed?
robbery/theft and murder
 
isa lang pwedeng i-file na kaso sa korte
 
Hindi porke walang sunog ay walang malicious mischief.
 
 
Theft- without force to take things
Robbery - with force to take things
 
Robbery- pwersahan/gumamit ng pwersa sa pagkuha ng gamit o isang bagay n hndi
naman sayo
Theft- pagkuha ng gamit ng ibang tao ng palihim or pasalisi
 
 
ANO NGA BA PINAGKAIBA NG ROBBERY AT THEFT ?
**ROBBERY ~ Any person who, with intent to gain, shall take any personal property
belonging to another, by means of violence or intimidation of any person, or using force
upon anything shall be guilty of robbery.
 
*So basically ROBBERY ay may VIOLENCE , INTIMIDATION AT FORCE O
PAGGAMIT NG DAHAS, PANANAKOT O PWERSA SA PAGKUHA NG ISANG
BAGAY NA HINDI MO PAGMAMAY ARI. (Himay himayin natin)
 
**So punta muna tayo sa ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST OR INTIMIDATION
OF PERSONS
In tagalog ROBBERY NA GINAGAMITAN NG DAHAS O PANANAKOT SA TAO
 
For Example:
1) si Juan dumaan sa madilim na eskinita then may tumutok sa kanya ng kutsilyo at
sapilitan na kinukuha ung bag ni Juan. (Robbery Holdup)(May PANANAKOT O
INTIMIDATION)
 
2) (same scenario) si Juan dumaan sa madilim na eskinita then may tumutok sa kanya
ng kutsilyo at sapilitan na kinukuha ung bag ni Juan. Ngunit hindi ibinigay ni juan ang
kanyang bag sa madaling salita nanlaban hanggang sa napatay si juan. At dun lang
nakuha ung bag (May VIOLENCE na naganap) (ROBBERY W/ HOMICIDE)
 
*Sir tanong , Pano kung tatlo ung nanhold up kay juan tapos nanlaban sya at yung isa
sa nanhold up ay namatay at hindi namatay si juan pero nakuha ung bag ni juan, tapos
later on nahuli ung dalawa sa mga nanholdup ROBBERY lang ba yung case?
Ang sagot ay NO ROBBERY W/ HOMICIDE padin ang kaso nung nahuli kahit hindi nila
napatay si juan
Bakit ? Kasi when the occasion of ROBBERY at may namatay automatic ROBBERY
with HOMICIDE ang pwede ikaso sa mga CRIMINAL kahit na ang namatay ay isa sa
mga CRIMINAL kahit hindi yung VICTIM
Pwede din na ibang TAO (Pulis or other law enforcer) nakapatay sa CRIMINAL kahit
hindi mismo ung VICTIM sa ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE padin ung case.

*Sir tanong pano kung hindi nakuha ung bag ni juan ? either;
ATTEMPTED/FRUSTRATED ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE (it depends upon the
situation)
*Sir tanong pano kung nakuha ung bag ni juan at nakatakbo ung dalawa sa mga
CRIMINAL at ung isa sa CRIMINAL ay nasa kritikal na kondisyon pero hindi pa patay ?
Either; ROBBERY WITH ATTEMPTED/FRUSTRATED HOMICIDE (it depends upon the
situation)
 
3) (same scenario) si Juan dumaan sa madilim na eskinita then may tumutok sa kanya
ng kutsilyo at sapilitan na kinukuha ung bag ni Juan. At sa sobrang takot ni juan ay
inatake sya sa puso (PASOK PADIN SA ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE sabi ko nga sa
ROBBERY once may namatay either the criminal o ung victim o kahit na ibang tao na
malapit sa crime scene kung saan naganap ung ROBBERY kahit INTENTIONAL o
UNINTENTIONAL ung pang yayare PAPASOK SA ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE padin
at ang kakasuhan ay yung CRIMINAL lang )
 
*Sir tanong paano kung ang intention ng CRIMINAL is patayin lang at dun nya lang
ninakaw ung bag nung namatay na si juan ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE padin ba yun?
NO ang sagot kasi walang INTENT TO GAIN o yung tinatawag na ANIMUS LUCRANDI
. May ROBBERY padin pero separate crime ,ROBBERY AND HOMICIDE not
ROBBERY WITH HOMICIDE .
**Next ROBBERY BY THE USE OF FORCE UPON THINGS
so dito naman tayo sa pwersa.
 
Madami malilinawan dito for sure
Kung ung kanina na paliwanag ko is applicable mismo sa tao ung ROBBERY WITH
VIOLENCE AGAINST OR INTIMIDATION OF PERSONS.
ngayon ung ROBBERY BY THE USE OF FORCE UPON THINGS papasok lang to sa
Dwelling (bahay) private or public establishment , commercial building basta
establishment may tao man o wala ok pano ba macommit to?
 
1.)Dumaan ka sa daanan o labasan na hindi dapat daanan o labasan ng isang tao tulad
ng bintana dun ka pumasok para makuha mo ung gamit na gusto mo nakawin o sa
kisame pwede din kung anong trip mo basta dumaan ka sa hindi dinadaanan o
nilalabasan ng tao para makapagnakaw, ROBBERY BY THE USE OF FORCE UPON
THINGS un.
2. Pagsira sa pader o bubong o sa sahig o pag sira ng pintuan o bintana para
makapasok ka sa establishment para makapag nakaw ,ROBBERY BY THE USE OF
FORCE UPON THINGS din un
3. Gumamit ka ng false key o picklocks o kahit anong similar tools para makapag
bukas ng pintuan ng hindi mo pagmamay ari
*Sir tanong , pano pag ID ginamit pang bukas ng pinto? (unti lang nakakaalam neto
comment kayo pag alam nyo pano gamitin ID pambukas ng pinto) pasok ba yan sa
classification ng picklocks? YES BASTA KAHIT ANONG GAMIT PARA MABUKSAN
MO UNG PINTO
*Sir tanong , pano kung ung susi na ginamit ko ay original na susi ng bahay ng
kapitbahay ko pero napulot ko at binuksan ko ung bahay ng kapitbahay ko para
manakawan ko magiging false key ba ung orig na susi na nakuha ko galing sa kanya?
YES ANG GENUINE KEY AY CONSIDERED FALSE KEY PAG ITO AY NAPULOT MO
O NAKUHA MO.
4. Pag gamit mo sa pangalan na hindi naman ikaw para makapasok ka sa
establishment
Example: nagpanggap ka na ikaw ung nakatira dun sa condo para makapasok ka
*Sir tanong, base sa sinabi mo dapat sirain ung pinto para makapasok ? Pano kung
naiwan naman nilang bukas ? SO KUNG NAIWAN NILANG BUKAS UNG PINTO AT
PUMASOK KA THEFT LANG YUN
*Sir pano kung ung bintana ang naiwan na bukas at dun ako dumaan para makapasok
sa loob ng bahay o establishment ? KUNG YUNG BINTANA ANG BUKAS AT DUN KA
DUMAAN PARA MAKAPASOK ROBBERY YUN BASE SA NUMBER 1 PUMASOK KA
SA HINDI USUALLY PINAPASUKAN O NILALABASAN NG TAO ROBBERY BY THE
USE OF FORCE UPON THINGS UN
*Sir tanong pano kung bukas ung bintana pero kamay ko lang pinasok ko inabot ko lang
ng kamay ko ung wallet ? THEFT LANG YUN DAHIL HINDI MO NAMAN PINASOK
BUONG KATAWAN MO KAMAY LANG PINASOK MO PERO KUNG KALAHATI NG
KATAWAN MO ANG NAKAPASOK HANGGANG BEWANG PAPASOK NA SA
ROBBERY UN .
*Sir tanong pasok ba ung ROBBERY BY THE USE OF FORCE UPON THINGS ung
pag sira ng bintana o pintuan ng sasakyan para makapasok at manakaw ung nasa loob
ng sasakyan? NO THEFT LANG YUN PAG SINIRA MO BINTANA O PINTO NG
SASAKYAN THEFT LANG YUN ANO BA SABI KO KANINA ? DWELLING DIBA ? O
ESTABLISHMENT EITHER PUBLIC O PRIVATE MAY TAO O WALA KAYA HINDI
KASAMA UNG SASAKYAN.
*Sir pano kung nasa loob ng garahe ung sasakyan? at sinira nya yung pinto ng garahe
para makapasok dahil naka lock ung pinto ng garahe? tapos tsaka nya binuksan ung
sasakyan para manakaw ung laman ng sasakyan? DUN PAPASOK UNG ROBBERY
DAHIL NAKASARADO UNG PINTO NG GARAHE AT SAPILITAN MONG BINUKSAN.
*Sir tanong , pano kung bukas ung pinto ng bahay? tapos pumasok ako ? then sinira ko
ung cabinet kasi dun nakalagay ung pera ? ROBBERY UN KAHIT BUKAS UNG PINTO
AT SA LOOB KA NAMAN NG BAHAY NAG BUKAS NG SAPILITAN NG MGA
CABINET O PINTO ROBBERY PADIN UN .
*Sir pano kung bukas ung pinto at pumasok ako at may nakita akong vault o alkansya
ma may laman na pera at nilabas ko ? KUNG NILABAS MO LANG THEFT LANG YUN ,
PERO KUNG NILABAS MO TAPOS SA LABAS MO SINIRA UNG VAULT O
ALKANSYA PARA MAKUHA UNG LAMAN PAPASOK NA SA ROBBERY UN.
So ayun napaliwanag ko na sa inyo ang ROBBERY comment lang kayo kung hindi nyo
gets. Wag nyo pm hindi kasi ako nagbabasa dun nag lalag ung phone ko pag nasa
msg.
Ok next THEFT naman tayo
**THEFT ~ Theft is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but without
violence against or intimidation of persons nor force upon things, shall take personal
property of another without the latter's consent.
So ung THEFT daw ay may intent to gain pero walang violence , intimidation or force.
Basically THEFT is Simple Stealing simpleng pag kuha ng bagay na hindi naman sayo
Example ng THEFT ;
·May nakita kang wallet na nahulog sa daan hindi mo sinauli sa may ari THEFT un
·Sa room nyo umihi ung kaklase mo tapos naiwan nya yung phone nya tapos kinuha
mo THEFT un
·Sa kapitbahay nyo may bunga ng mangga sumungkit ka ng mangga THEFT un
·Tsenelas ng kapitbahay nyo kinuha mo nung gabi dahil sa labas lang nakalagay
THEFT un
·Naglalakad ka sa Manila tapos nasa likod wallet mo nadukutan ka ng dimo
namamalayan
THEFT un (Pickpocketing)
 
**QUALIFIED THEFT naman same as THEFT lang pero ung Perpetrator o Criminal ay
pinagkatiwalaan mo
For example;
·Pinahiram mo ung laptop mo sa kaibigan mo tapos hindi na nya binalik
·Pinahiram mo ung kotse mo sa kaibigan mo tapos hindi nya binalik
·Ikaw na may ari ng Puregold ung mga tauhan mo o ung Guard ninanakaw ung paninda
mo
·Katulong ninakawan ung amo nya.
BASTA BASICALLY QUALIFIED THEFT PINAGNAKAWAN KA NG
PINAGKAKATIWALAAN MO .
That's all Future Rcrim GOODLUCK AND GODBLESS KEEP SAFE WAG LABAS NG
LABAS SIGE KA BAKA MAGKA COVID19 KA MAUDLOT PA PAGIGING RCRIM MO
HAHAHAHA PEACE
 
 
 
If the intention is to rob and somebody got killed, what crime committed?
 robbery with homicide
 the intention of the offender is to rob.
 
 
What are the different kinds of Physical Injuries?
Art. 262. Mutilation
Art. 263. Serious physical injuries.
Art. 264. Administering injurious substances or beverages.
Art. 265. Less serious physical injuries
Art. 266. Slight physical injuries and maltreatment
 
Why do you call them brigands?
 
brigandage
- compisition agad na more three armed men sa highway.
 
 
robbery in bond
- it is committed of more than three armed person
-- robbery on a specified target.
naglalakad ka tas may dala kang pera, aambushin ka nila sa kalye.
 
pag pinatay mo yung tao,
robbery with homicide (info that will be filed in court)
 
complex crime sa brigandage pag may namatay?
- wala, pag may namatay dyan it is still robbery with homicide. it does not make any
distinction. pag may namatay dyan, robbery with homicide agad.
 
pag wala, brigandage.
pag meron, robbery with homicide
 
it does not nece mean pag police ka, hindi ka makakasuhan. instead ma aggravate yan
bc you use the abuse of authority.
 
brigandage
- sa edsa, dating highway 54.
 
 
 
There is brigandage when –
1. at least four armed persons,
2. band of robbers, and
3. their purpose is any of the ff:
a. Robbery in the highway
b. Kidnapping for extortion or ransom
c. Any other purpose to be obtained by means of force and violence.
 
 
Presumption of law as to brigandage: all are presumed highway robbers or
brigands, if any of them carries unlicensed firearm.
 
The arms carried may be any deadly weapon.
 
The main object of the law is to prevent the formation of band of
robbers.
 
The term highway includes city streets.
 
The following must be proved:
1. That there is an organization of more than 3 armed persons
forming a band of robbers
2. That the purpose of the band is any of those enumerated in Art. 306.
3. That they went upon the highway or roamed upon the country for
that purpose.
4. That the accused is a member of such band.
 
 
 
 
 
Art. 340
As amended BP 1992
 
This act mapaparasuhan kung sino yung nagsusulong
 
Refers to a child. Ene engganyo na mag commit these things like prostitution, to be
employed as a dancer, as massage therapist who offers extra service.
 
Partially amended by RA 7610 Child abuse
Human trafficking law, lumalabas ay overlapping ito, kagaya sa binabanggit kung ine
employ mo yug bata na maging dancer, ano ang kakaso mo sa may ari, child abuse or
human traffic law?
 
Child Abuse - Mag e employ ka ng bata, na taga hugas na pinggan. Minor.
Human Traffic Law - Prostitution. Walang binabanaggit na edad. Pertains to mga
batang babae o adults, na ginagamit mo sa pagbebenta ng katawan.
 
Liable are the ones who are facilitating the crime, not the victim.
 
Even if the minor is ill repute, or sanay na
 
It is the Father who committed the sexual intercourse.
 
Pecuniary - pera
Open and shot case - walang talo
Difficult case - depende sa lawyer, hindi bababa sa 30K
Usually PAO, or sa Pulis kaya lang matagal (provide your evidences)
Exceptions to the rule, para isampa ang reklamo sa fiscal.
Certificate of file to action.
OJT 520 hrs.
 
Seduction - pang aakit
 
There is sexual intercourse
There is consent whether minor or no longer minor, to engage into sexual intercourse.
Whether it is a relationship that is a matter of evidence.
Trust and confidence must be present.
Pare, professor, pulis - abuse of authority
 
Deceit- then there is consent. Pag may deceit magkakaron yan ng sedcution wheter
simple of qaulified.
 
By deciet - fraudulent machination, sexual intercourse with a woman or pambobola. You
are now liable for rape.
 
What are you going to file?
Qualified seductrion or rape?
 
Nagkaakrooon ng kalokohan kung child abuse, simple qualified or rape?
Overlapping, di maintindihan ang iffile. Is this a private crime or public crime?
Dsitinguish first,
 
 
 
Qualified Seduction - lagi nating tatandaan, qualified or simple man, lagi natin lang ang
laging biktima sa seduction.
 
1. Victim must be a virgin
Legal virginity kapag iisang tao lang nakagalaw sayo.