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41

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aumif; uGJjym;jcm;em;=uonf? xdk@tjyif oabmw&m;ESpf&yfvHk;tm; pdwful;pHyHkpHrsm;
(Ideal Types) taejzifhom owfrSwf&rSmjzpf+yD; tqdkygoabmw&m;rsm;ESifh tvHk;pHk
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owfrSwfajymqdkEdkifonfh oGifjyifvuQ%mrsm;rSm 42

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vlr_wm0efuif;onfh yk*~vduypPnf;ydkifqkdifr_
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vuQ%maqmifonfh jynfol@tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhwdk@tm; tmrcHr_
vl@tcGifhta&;udk w&m;0iftmrcHr_
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tmrcHusifhoHk;r_&Sdonfh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wpf&yftjzpfwnf&Sdr_
taygif;vuQ%mESifh tE_wfvuQ%maqmifonfh jynfol@tcGifhta&;ESifh
vGwfvyfcGifhwdk@tm; w&m;0ift&omru vufawG@wGifyg usifhoHk;taumif
txnfaz:r_wdk@ jzpf=uonf?
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ydyuQjzpfrr_ sm;ESihf wif;rmr_tajctaersm;rSm ae&mwdik ;f tajctaewdik ;f wGif wyHpk w
H nf;
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&Sdaeonfh vlr_Zmwfaumifrsm;t=um; aphpyfndEd_if;r_jzpfpOfrsm;t& jzpfay:aejcif;jzpf
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tae tcsed t
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Edik if aH &;jzpfpOftwGi;f vGwv
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tcGit
hf a&;ESihf vGwv
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&nf!$ef;
Foundations of Social Democracy by Tobias Gombert (2009)

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