Department of Computer Engineering

Computing Fundamental
Assignment no.02

Submitted To:
Sir sheriyar
Submitted By:
Muhammad Huzaifa Asif
Section:
Alpha

Dated:09-10-2022
0pearting system:
An operating system is system software that manages
computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
The operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. It
performs basic tasks such as file, memory and process management, handling input and
output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

There are two types of operating system:

1:Multi user operating system.

2:Single user operating system.

Multi user OPERATING SYSTEM:

A Multi-user operating system is a computer operating system
which allows multiple users to access the single system with one operating system on it.
In the multi-user operating system, different users connected at different terminals and we can
access, these users through the network.

Single user OPERATING SYSTEM:

A single-user operating system is a type of operating system that allows a user (single
user) to perform only one task at a time. The single-user operating system is developed to be
used on a single system and to provide security to the user
UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM:
Unix and Unix-like operating systems are a family of computer operating systems that are
derived from the original Unix system from Bell Labs.

Initial proprietary derivatives included the HP-UX and the SunOS systems. However,
growing incompatibility between these systems led to the creation of interoperability
standards like POSIX. Modern POSIX systems include Linux, its variants, and Mac OS.

Unix is the most powerful and popular multi-user and multi-tasking Operating System. The
basic concepts of Unix originated in the Multics project of 1969. The Multics system was
intended as a time-sharing system that would allow multiple users to simultaneously access
a mainframe computer.

Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others developed the basic building blocks of Unix
including a hierarchical file system, i.e, the concepts of processes and a command-line
interpreter for the PDP-7. From there, multiple generations of Unix were developed for
various machines.

Growing incompatibility between these systems led to the creation of interoperability

standards like POSIX and Single Unix Specification.

Unix programs are designed around some core philosophies that include requirements like
single purpose, interoperable, and working with a standardized text interface. Unix systems
are built around a core kernel that manages the system and the other processes.

Kernel subsystems may include process management, file management, memory

management, network management, and others.

Salient Features of Unix

There are several prominent features of Unix, and a few among them are stated
below:
 It is a multi-user system where the same resources can be shared by different users.
 It provides multi-tasking, wherein each user can execute many processes at the
same time.
 It was the first operating system that was written in a high-level language (C
Language). This made it easy to port to other machines with minimum adaptations.
 It provides a hierarchical file structure that allows easier access and maintenance of
data.
 Unix has built-in networking functions so that different users can easily exchange
information.
 Unix functionality can be extended through user programs built on a standard
programming interface.
Unix Architecture
We will understand how user commands are executed in Unix. User commands are often
entered on a command line interface that is provided by a ‘shell’. The shell is a program that
reads the user commands, evaluates them, and then prints the result. For evaluating the
command, the shell may execute other commands, or pass them to the ‘kernel’.

The kernel is the core of the operating system that directly interacts with the underlying
hardware to provide a set of standard services.

What is office suit and alsi explain componets of office suit:-

Office suit:-

An office suite is a collection of software created by the same vendor and designed to be
used for routine tasks within an organization. Typically an office suite includes applications such as word
processing, spreadsheets, presentation, email, note taking, database, collaboration and other related
types of software.componets of office suits are:-

1-Microsoft Word.

2-Microsoft Excel.

3-Microsoft PowerPoint.

4-Microsoft OneNote.

5-Microsoft Outlook.

6-Microsoft Publisher.

7-Microsoft Access.
1-Microsoft Word:-

MS Word is an example of application software developed by the company

Microsoft. It allows users to type and save documents. It is helpful too for making documents.

2-Microsoft EXCEL:-

Microsoft Excel enables users to format, organize and calculate data in a spreadsheet. By organizing
data using software like Excel, data analysts and other users can make information easier to view as
data is added or changed. Excel contains a large number of boxes called cells that are ordered in rows
and colums

3-Microsoft PowerPoint :-
Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful slide show presentation program. It is a standard component of the
company's Microsoft Office suite software, and is bundled together with Word, Excel, and other office
productivity tools. The program uses slides to convey information rich in multimedia.

4-Microsoft OneNote:-

OneNote is a digital note-taking app that provides a single place for keeping all of your notes,
research, plans, and information and everything you need to remember and manage in your life
 at home, at work, or at school. In OneNote, notebooks never run out of paper.

5-Microsoft outlook:-
Microsoft Outlook is the email client included with the Microsoft Office suite. It is designed to
operate as an independent personal information manager, as an Internet mail client, or in
conjunction with the Microsoft Exchange Server for group scheduling, email, and tasks

6-Microsoft punlisher:-
Microsoft Publisher is a desktop publishing application. In contrast to Microsoft Word, where the
focus is on text composition and proofing, Microsoft Publisher is focused on the design.

7-Microsoft Access:-
Microsoft Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) that combines the
relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-
development tools.

Install the operating system window.And write stepwise

procedure :- To install Window we should need three
important thing:-
.RUFUS
.USB
.WINDOW ISO
.step 1:-I download rufus from internet

While searching rufus from internet lot of options appears

I select third option then then this image appears

Then I click on free download then downloading start

Then rufus is dowloand then this image appears after opening rufus

Then I select yes then following image appears

Then I plug in my usb in laptop slot then name of my usb appears there

Then waring appears that all data off usb will formatted I click yes

After this I click start and booting will start

Then after complete loading my usb become bootable now next step is to install
window 10 then I inter my usb in laptop in which I want to install window then
menu appear on screen
Then I press F9 key to open boot options

Then this options appears

I select my usb drive 1 then it ask me to select languge I select English and click
next

After it system ask that why you install window then I click on second option
Then on screen this message is appears that setup is starting

After few time window start installing

Then after loading window need to restart

Wihle restarting it take a 15 to 16 mintues then than starting services icon

appears
 After it system ask that if you are connected to any internet then I select no
then window ask for area were I live I select united state

Then it collect information from me like that then I enter all information

At last finally desktop screen appears on screen

What is difference between GBT and MBR:

GBT MBR
Gbt disk used extensible Mbr disk used the standard bios partition
table.Mbr cannot firmware interface used for
disks larger than two tera bytes Gbt is required
for disks larger th Mbr is older so it payied with older legacy
an two tera bytes Mbr some advance feactures of window 10 will
not used ‘
Gbt is new so it used modern
legacy and it all features of wind
ow 10 used.
What is difference between 32 bit system 64 bit system.
32 bit system 64 bit system
Computer with 32 bit system are older, Computer with 64 bit system are
newer,faster Slower and less secure. and secure.
A 32 bit system has a limit of 32 bit means A 64 bit system enables a user to
store upto
3.2 GB of ram.The limit in this addressable whole memory of RAM.
space does not use whole 4 GB RAM.