Define article 12

Prove bcci is under state and can make and enact laws

Define article 13

Analyse the constitutionality of the three laws under article 13

If and how can judiciary intervene

Fundamental Rights are the basic rights that apply universally to all the citizens residing in the
nation, irrespective of their race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Part III of the Constitution
of India guarantees protection of Fundamental Rights for all citizens of India. They are recognized by
law as rights requiring a high degree of protection from the government and they cannot be violated
by the Government. However, Fundamental rights cannot be enforced against individuals and
private entities. The obligation of protecting these rights lies on the government or the state or its
authorities.

Article 12 forms the first article under Part III of the Constitution of India. It goes as following,

“In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, ‘the State’ includes the Government and
Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or
other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.”

It gives a general definition of ‘the State’ and what can be constituted as state. In the given problem
statement, whether or not the ‘BCCI’ is state under Article 12 of the Constitution of India is one of
the main issues.