Polish–Lithuanian union - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuan...

Polish–Lithuanian union
The Polish–Lithuanian Union was a relationship created by a series
of acts and alliances between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of
time from 1385 and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth, or the "Republic of the Two Nations", in 1569 and
eventually to the creation of a unitary state in 1791.[1]

Contents
History
See also
Notes Painting commemorating
References Polish–Lithuanian union; ca.
1861. The motto reads "Eternal
union".
History
Important historical events included:

▪ 1385 – Union of Krewo, a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania,
Jogaila, to the Polish throne as a result of his marriage to Jadwiga of Poland
▪ 1401 – Union of Vilnius and Radom, which strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian
union[2]
▪ 1413 – Union of Horodło, a heraldic union that granted many szlachta rights to
Lithuanian nobility
▪ 1432 (1432–34) – Union of Grodno, a declarative attempt to renew a closer union
▪ 1499 – Union of Kraków and Vilnius in which the personal union became a dynastic
union and recognised the sovereignty of Lithuania and described relations between
the two states
▪ 1501 – Union of Mielnik, a renewal of the personal union
▪ July 1, 1569 – Union of Lublin, a real union that resulted in creation of the semi-
federal, semi-confederal Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth)
▪ May 3, 1791 – Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: abolished the elective monarchy
and turned it into a hereditary monarchy and established a common state, the
Rzeczpospolita Polska (Polish Commonwealth), in its place. The Reciprocal
Guarantee of Two Nations modified the changes by stressing the continuity of
binational status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under

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Polish–Lithuanian union - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuan...

pressure from the Russian Empire.

See also
▪ Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
▪ Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
▪ Union of Kėdainiai
▪ Polish–Swedish union

Notes
1. Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12181a.htm)
2. Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 (https://
books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388&sig=ACfU3U3LdKwwAHdn
CsWS3BEOu5h81f_KVg). History of East Central Europe. Vol. 3. University of
Washington Press. p. 388. ISBN 0-295-97290-4.

References
▪ (in Polish) Anna Pasterak, Unie polsko-litewskie (http://www.wsp.krakow.pl/kbin/bss/
hpol/unie.html), Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2004
▪ Central European Superpower (https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40
de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR), Henryk Litwin, BUM Magazine, October 2016

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