5장솔루션

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공학도를 위한 정역학 11판 5장 - Qskx
정역학 (Kangwon National University)
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CHAPTER 5
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PROBLEM 5.1
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
Area 1: Rectangle 72 mm by 45 mm.

Area 2: Triangle b = 27 mm, h = 45 mm.
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 3240 36 22.5 116,640 72,900
2 -607.5 9 215 -5467.5 -9112.5
 2632.5 11,172.5 63,787.5
X Aý xA
X (2632.5 mm2 ) ý 11,172.5 mm3 X ý 42.2 mm 
Y AýyA
Y (2632.5 mm2 ) ý 63,787.5 mm3 Y ý 24.2 mm 


Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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PROBLEM 5.2
SOLUTION
A, cm 2 x, c m y , cm x A,cm3 y A,cm3
1 8 0.5 4 4 32
2 3 2.5 2.5 7.5 7.5
Σ 11 11.5 39.5
X ΣA= xA
X (11 cm2) = 11.5 cm3 X = 1.045 cm. 
Y ΣA=ΣyA
Y (11) = 39.5 Y = 3.591cm. 


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PROBLEM 5.3
SOLUTION
Area 1: Rectangle 42 mm by 44 mm.

1 42 ô 44 ý 1848 3 22 5544 40,656
1
2 ý ô 18 ô 12 ý ý108 -12 4 1296 -432
2
1
3 ý ô 24 ô 12 ý ý144 16 4 -2304 -576
2
 1596 4536 39,648
Then X  A ý  xA
X (1596 mm2 ) ý 4536 mm3 or X ý 2.84 mm 
and Y  A ý  yA
Y (1596 mm2 ) ý 39,648 mm3 or Y ý 24.8 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.4
SOLUTION
Area 2: Four triangles b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm forming the diamond.

1
1 ô 60 ô 75 ý 2250 20 25 45,000 56,250
2
1
2 4ô ô 60 ô 75 ý 9000 60 75 540,000 675,000
2
 11,250 585,000 731,250
X (11, 250 mm2 ) ý 585,000 mm3 or X ý 52.0 mm 
Y (11, 250 m2 ) ý 731, 250 mm3 or Y ý 65.0 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.5
SOLUTION
Area 1: Rectangle 6 cm by 4 cm
Area 2: Triangle b = 6 cm, h = 3 cm
A, cm 2 x , cm y , cm x A, cm 3 yA, cm3
1 24 3 2 72 48
2 9 4 5 36 45
 33 108 93
X Aý xA
X (33 cm2 ) ý 108 cm3 X ý 3.27 cm 
Y AýyA
Y (33 cm2 ) ý 93 cm3 Y ý 2.82 cm 


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PROBLEM 5.6
SOLUTION
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 yA, mm3
1 (60)(120) ý 7200 –30 60 ý216 ô 103 432 ô 103
ð
2 (60) 2 ý 2827.4 25.465 95.435 72.000 ô 103 269.83 ô 103
4
ð
3 ý (60) 2 ý ý2827.4 –25.465 25.465 72.000 ô 103 ý72.000 ô 103
4
 7200 ý72.000 ô 103 629.83 ô 103
Then XA ý  x A X (7200 mm2 ) ý ý72.000 ô 103 mm3 X ý ý10.00 mm 
YA ý  y A Y (7200 mm2 ) ý 629.83 ô 103 mm3 Y ý 87.5 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.7
SOLUTION
By symmetry, X = 0
Component A, cm2 y , cm y A, cm3
I Rectangle (3)(6) = 18 1.5 27.0
π
II Semicircle − (2) 2 = −6.283 2.151 −13.515
2
Σ 11.72 13.85
Y ΣA=ΣyA
Y (11.717 cm2)= 13.485 cm3
Y = 1.151 in.
X =0
Y = 1.151 cm 
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y
PROBLEM 5. 8
r = 38 mm
16 mm
x
20 mm
SOLUTION
A, mm2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 y A, mm3

π
1 (38) 2 = 2268.2 0 16.1277 0 36581
2
2 −20 × 16 = −320 −10 8 3200 −2560
Σ 1948.23 3200 34021
Σ xA 3200
Then X= = X = 1.6 mm
Σ A 1948.23
Σ y A 34021
Y = = Y = 17. 5 mm
Σ A 1948.23
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PROBLEM 5.9
SOLUTION
Area 1: Square 75 mm by 75 mm.
Area 2: Quarter circle radius of 75 mm.
1 75 ô 75 ý 5625 37.5 37.5 210,938 210,938
ð 43.169
2 ý ô 752 ý ý4417.9 43.169 -190,715 ýñùðü÷ñõ
4 
 1207.10 20,223 20,223
 xA
Then by symmetry X ýY ý
A
X (1207.14 mm2 ) ý 20, 223 mm3 X ý Y ý 16.75 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.10
SOLUTION
1 (15)(80) = 1200 40 7.5 48 × 103 9 × 103
1
2 (50)(80) = 1333.33 60 30 80 × 103 40 × 103
3
Σ 2533.3 128 × 103 49 × 103
Then X A = Σ xA
X (2533.3) = 128 × 103 X = 50.5 mm 
YA = Σ yA
Y (2533.3) = 49 × 103 Y = 19.34 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.11
SOLUTION
2
1 (75)(120) ý 6000 28.125 48 168,750 288,000
3
1
2 ý (75)(60) ý ý2250 25 20 –56,250 –45,000
2
 3750 112,500 243,000
X (3750 mm2 ) ý 112,500 mm3 or X ý 30.0 mm 
Y (3750 mm2 ) ý 243,000 mm3 or Y ý 64.8 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.12
SOLUTION
Area 1: Outer semicircle diameter 120 mm.
Area 2: Inner semicircle diameter 72 mm.
ð
1 (120) 2 ý 22, 620 -50.93 0 ý1152.04 ô 103 0
2
ð
2 ý (72) 2 ý ý8143.0 -30.558 0 248.80 ô 103 0
2
 14,477 ý903.20 ô 103 0
Then XA ý  xA
X (14, 477 mm2 ) ý ý903.20 ô 103 mm3 X ý ý62.4 mm 
YA ý  yA Y ý0 
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y
PROBLEM 5.13
x = ky2
b = 4 cm
x
a = 8 cm
SOLUTION
Dimensions in cm
A, cm2 x , cm y , cm xA, cm3 yA, cm3

2
1 (4)(8) = 21.333 4.8 1.5 102.398 32.000
3
1
2 − (4)(8) = −
16.0000 5.3333 1.33333 −
85.333 −
21.333
2
Σ
5.3333 17.0650 10.6670
Then XΣ
A=Σ
xA
X (5.3333 cm2) = 17.0650 cm3 or X = 3.20 cm
and YΣ
A=Σ
yA
Y (5.3333 cm2) = 10.6670 cm3 or Y = 2.00 cm
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PROBLEM 5.14
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X ý0 
A, m2 y, m yA, m3
4
1 ô 4.5 ô 3 ý 18 1.2 21.6
3
ð
2 ý (1.8) 2 ý ý5.0894 0.76394 ý3.8880
2
 12.9106 17.7120

 y A 17.7120 m3
Then Y ý ý or Y ý 1.372 m 
 A 12.9106 m 2
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PROBLEM 5.15
SOLUTION
1
1 (120)(90) ý 5400 0 30 0 162,000
2
ð
2 (60 2 ) 2 ý 5654.9 0 9.07 0 51,290
4
1
3 ý (120)(60) ý ý3600 0 20 0 -72,000
2
 7454.9 0 141,290
Then XA ý  x A X ý 0 mm 
YA ý  y A Y (7454.9 mm2 ) ý 141, 290 mm 3 Y ý 18.95 mm 
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PROBLEM 5.16
Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the shaded area

in terms of r1, r2, and .
SOLUTION
First, determine the location of the centroid.
2 sin ø 2 ý  ù
ð
öð ö
From Figure 5.8A: y2 ý r2 ð A2 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r22
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos 
ý r2 ð
3 ø 2 ý ù
2 cos  öð ö
Similarly, y1 ý r1 ð A1 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r12
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos  ùö ð ö 2 ù 2 cos  ùö ð ö 2ù
Then  yA ý r2 ð ú÷ ý  ÷ r2 ú ý r1 ð ú÷ ý  ÷ r1 ú
3 ø 2 ý  ù ûø 2 ø û 3 ø 2 ý  ù ûø 2 ø û
ý
3
ø
2 3
ù
r2 ý r13 cos 
öð ö öð ö
and A ý ÷ ý  ÷ r22 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r12
ø2 ø ø2 ø
öð ö
ø
ý ÷ ý  ÷ r22 ý r12
ø 2 ø
ù
Now Y A ý  yA
ùö ð ù 2 2 ö r23 ý r13 ö ö 2cos  ö

ö
ø ù ø
Y ú÷ ý  ÷ r22 ý r12 ú ý r23 ý r13 cos  ù Y ý ÷
3 ÷ø r22 ý r12
÷÷ ÷ ÷ 
ûø 2 ø û 3 ø ø ð ý 2 ø
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PROBLEM 5.17
Show that as r1 approaches r2, the location of the centroid

approaches that for an arc of circle of radius (r1 û r2 )/2.
SOLUTION
2 sin ø 2 ý  ù
ð
öð ö
From Figure 5.8A: y2 ý r2 ð A2 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r22
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos 
ý r2
3 ø ð2 ý  ù
2 cos  öð ö
Similarly, y1 ý r1 A1 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r12
3 ø ð2 ý  ù ø 2 ø
2 cos  ùö ð ö 2 ù 2 cos  ùö ð ö 2ù
Then  yA ý r2 ú÷ ý  ÷ r2 ú ý r1 ð ú÷ ý  ÷ r1 ú
3 ø ð2 ý  ù ûø 2 ø û 3 ø 2 ù ûø
ý  2 ø û
ý
3
ø
2 3
ù
r2 ý r13 cos 
öð ö öð ö
and A ý ÷ ý  ÷ r22 ý ÷ ý  ÷ r12
ø 2 ø ø 2 ø
öð ö 2
ø
ý ÷ ý  ÷ r2 ý r12
ø2 ø
ù
Now Y A ý  yA
ùö ð ù 2
ö
ø ù ø
Y ú÷ ý  ÷ r22 ý r12 ú ý r23 ý r13
ûø 2 ø û 3
ù cos 
2 ö r3 ý r3 ö ö 2 cos  ö
Y ý ÷÷ 22 12 ÷÷ ÷ø ð ý 2 ÷ø
3 ø r2 ý r1 ø
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PROBLEM 5.17 (Continued)
1
Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius ( r1 û r2 ) is
2
1 sin( ð ý  )
Y ý (r1 û r2 ) ð 2
2 ( 2 ý)
1 cos 
ý (r1 û r2 ) ð (1)
2 ( 2 ý)
Now ý
2
ø
r23 ý r13 (r2 ý r1 ) r2 û r1r2 û r1
2
ù
r22 ý r12 (r2 ý r1 )(r2 û r1 )
r22 û r1r2 û r12
ý
r2 û r1
Let r2 ý r û 
r1 ý r ý 
1
Then rý ( r1 û r2 )
2
r23 ý r13 ( r û  ) 2 û (r û  )(r ý  )( r ý  ) 2
and ý
r22 ý r12 (r û  ) û (r ý )
3r 2 û  2
ý
2r
In the limit as  0 (i.e., r1 ý r2 ), then
r23 ý r13 3
ý r
r22 ý r12 2
3 1
ý ô (r1 û r2 )
2 2
2 3 cos  cos 
So that Y ý ô (r1 û r2 ) ð or Y ý (r1 û r2 ) 
3 4 2
ý ð ý 2
which agrees with Equation (1).
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PROBLEM 5.18
Determine the x coordinate of the centroid of the trapezoid shown in

terms of h1, h2, and a.
SOLUTION
Area 1:
A x xA
1 1 1
1 h1a a h1a 2
2 3 6
1 2 2
2 h2a a h2a2
2 3 6
1 2
1 a (h1 û 2h 2 )
 a (h1 û h 2 ) 6
2
 x A 6 a (h1 û 2h 2 )
1 2
ö a ö h1 û 2h 2
Xý ý 1 X ý÷ ÷ 
A 2
a(h1 û h 2 ) ø 3 ø h1 û h 2
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PROBLEM 5.19
For the semiannular area of Prob. 5.12, determine the ratio r1 to r2 so that the centroid
1
of the area is located at x = ý r2 and y = 0.
2
SOLUTION

4
x2 ý ý r2
3ð
4
Similarly, x1 ý ý r1
3ð
ð
A ý
2
ør2
2
ý r12 ù
ð ö ý4r2 ö ð 2 ö ý4r1 ö
xA ý r2 2 ÷ ý r1
2 ø 3ð ÷ø 2 ÷ø 3ð ÷ø
Then
2
ø
ý ý r23 ý r13
3
ù
Now X A ý  xA
ùð
û2
ø ùù
û
2
ø ù
X ú r22 ý r12 ú ý ý r23 ý r13 ; Dividing by ø r2 ý r1 ù
3
öð ö 2
ø
X ÷ ÷ ø r2 û r1 ù ý ý r2 2 û r2 r1 û r12 (1)
ø ø
2 3
ù
ö 4 ö ö r2 û r2 r1 û r1 ö
2 2
X ý ý÷ ÷ ÷ ÷÷
ø 3ð ø ÷ø r2 û r1 ø
By symmetry, Y ý 0
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1
Now substituting for X ý ý r2 in equation (1) gives.
2
ö 1 öö ð ö 2 2
÷ ý r2 ÷÷ ÷ ø r2 û r1 ù ý ý (r2 û r1r2 û r1 )
2
(1)
ø 2 øø ø
2 3
Dividing through by ý r2 and 2/3,

2
ö 3 öö ð ö ö r1 ö r1 ö r1 ö
÷ 2 ÷÷ 4 ÷ ÷1 û r ÷ ý 1 û r û ÷ r ÷
ø øø ø ø 2 ø 2 ø 2ø
2
ö r1 ö ö r1 ö
Then ÷ ÷ ý 0.1781÷ ÷ ý 0.1781 ý 0
ø r2 ø ø r2 ø
ö r1 ö
Solving the quadratic yields, ÷ ÷ ý 0.520 
ø r2 ø
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PROBLEM 5.20
A composite beam is constructed by bolting

four plates to four 60 ô 60 ô 12-mm angles as
shown. The bolts are equally spaced along the
beam, and the beam supports a vertical load.
As proved in mechanics of materials, the
shearing forces exerted on the bolts at A and B
are proportional to the first moments with
respect to the centroidal x-axis of the red-
shaded areas shown, respectively, in parts a
and b of the figure. Knowing that the force
exerted on the bolt at A is 280 N, determine
the force exerted on the bolt at B.
SOLUTION
From the problem statement, F is proportional to Qx .
FA FB (Qx ) B
Therefore, ý , or FB ý FA
(Qx ) A (Qx ) B (Qx ) A
ö 12 ö
For the first moments, (Qx ) A ý ÷ 225 û ÷ (300 ô 12)
ø 2ø
ý 831, 600 mm3
ö 12 ö
(Qx ) B ý (Qx ) A û 2 ÷ 225 ý ÷ (48 ô 12) û 2(225 ý 30)(12 ô 60)
ø 2ø
ý 1,364, 688 mm3
1,364, 688
Then FB ý (280 N) or FB ý 459 N 
831,600
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PROBLEM 5.21
The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown, and
it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the first
moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and explain the
results obtained.
SOLUTION
Length of BD:
21 mm
BD = 12 mm + (36 mm −12 mm) = 12 +14 = 26 mm
21 mm + 15 mm
Area above x-axis (consider two triangular areas):
ù1 ù ù1 ù
Q1 = Σ y A = (7 mm) ú (21 mm)(26 mm)ú + (14 mm) ú (21 mm)(12 mm)ú
û2 û û2 û
= 1911 mm3 + 1764 mm3
Q1 = 3675 mm3 
Area below x-axis:
ù1 ù ù1 ù
Q2 = Σ yA = −(10 mm) ú (15mm)(36 mm)ú − (5 mm) ú (26 mm)(15 mm)ú
û 2 û û 2 û
= −2700 mm3 − 975 mm3
Q2 = −3675 mm 3 
|Q| = |Q2 |, since C is centroid and thus, Q = Σ y A = 0
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PROBLEM 5.22
The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown,
and it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the
first moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and
explain the results obtained.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
Area above x-axis (Area A1):

Q1 ý  y A ý (25)(20 ô 80) û (7.5)(15 ô 20)
ý 40 ô 103 û 2.25 ô 103
Q1 ý 42.3 ô 103 mm3 

Area below x-axis (Area A2):
Q2 ý  y A ý (ý32.5)(65 ô 20) Q2 ý ý42.3 ô 103 mm3 
|Q1| ý |Q2 |, since C is centroid and thus, Q ý  y A ý 0 
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PROBLEM 5.23
The first moment of the shaded area with respect to the x-axis is denoted by
Qx. (a) Express Qx in terms of b, c, and the distance y from the base of the
shaded area to the x-axis. (b) For what value of y is Qx maximum, and what is
that maximum value?
SOLUTION
Shaded area:
A ý b (c ý y )
Qx ý yA
1
ý (c û y )[b(c ý y )]
2
1
(a) Qx ý b (c 2 ý y 2 ) 
2
dQ 1
(b) For Qmax , ý 0 or b(ý2 y ) ý 0 yý0 
dy 2
1 2 1 2
For y ý 0, ( Qx ) ý bc ( Qx ) ý bc 
2 2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.24
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated.
Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
L, mm x , mm y , mm xL , mm2 yL , mm2
1 45 49.5 0 2227.5 0
2 45 72 22.5 3240 1012.5
3 72 36 45 2592 3240
4 52.479 13.5 22.5 708.47 1180.78
 2632.5 8768.0 5433.3
X L ý xL
X (214.479 mm) ý 8768.0 mm2 X ý 40.9 mm 
Y L ý  yL
Y (214.479 mm) ý 5433.3 mm2 Y ý 25.3 mm 


lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.25
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure

indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
L, mm x , mm y , mm xL, mm2 yL, mm2
1 242 û 122 ý 26.833 12 ö 322 ñöðþùùø

2 32 24 28 768 896
3 42 3 44 126 1848
4 32 ý18 28 ý576 896
5 182 û 122 ý 21.633 ý9 6 ý194.697 129.798
 154.466  ôôõþóð 3930.8
Then X L ý x L
X (154.466) ý 445.30 or X ý 2.88 mm 
Y L ý  y L
Y (154.466) ý 3930.8 or Y ý 25.4 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.26
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated.
Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
L, cm x , cm y , cm xL, cm2 yL, cm2

1 4 0 2 0 8
2 32 û 62 ý 6.7082 3 5.5 20.125 36.894
3 7 6 3.5 42 24.5
4 6 3 0 18 0
 23.708 80.125 69.394
Then X L ý x L X (23.708) ý 80.125 X ý 3.38 cm 
Y L ý  y L Y (23.708) ý 69.394 Y ý 2.93 cm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.27
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the

figure indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure
thus formed.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding line.
2
Y6 ý (38 cm)
ð
L, cm x , cm y , cm xL, cm2 yL, cm 2

1 18 –29 0 –522 0
2 16 –20 8 –320 128
3 20 –10 16 –200 320
4 16 0 8 0 128
5 38 19 0 722 0
6 ð (38) ý 119.381 0 24.192 0 2888.1
 227.38 –320 3464.1
x L ý320
Then Xý ý X ý ý1.407 cm 
L 227.38
 y L 3464.1
Yý ý Y ý 15.23 cm 
L 227.38
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.28
The homogeneous wire ABC is bent into a semicircular arc and a straight
section as shown and is attached to a hinge at A. Determine the value of ñ for
which the wire is in equilibrium for the indicated position.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through A.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line. Thus,
X ý0
so that x L ý 0
ö 1 ö ö 2r ö
Then ÷ ý 2 r cos ñ ÷ (r ) û ÷ ð ý r cos ñ ÷ (ð r ) ý 0
ø ø ø ø
4
or cos ñ ý
1 û 2ð
ý 0.54921
or ñ ý 56.7Ā 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.29
The frame for a sign is fabricated from thin, flat steel bar stock of mass
per unit length 4.73 kg/m. The frame is supported by a pin at C and by a
cable AB. Determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First note that because the frame is fabricated from uniform bar stock, its center of gravity will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, m x, m xL, m 2
1 1.35 0.675 0.91125
2 0.6 0.3 0.18
3 0.75 0 0
4 0.75 0.2 0.15
ð
5 (0.75) ý 1.17810 1.07746 1.26936
2
 4.62810 2.5106
Then X L ý x L
X (4.62810) ý 2.5106
or X ý 0.54247 m
The free-body diagram of the frame is then
where W ý ( mò L ) g
ý 4.73 kg/m ô 4.62810 m ô 9.81 m/s 2
ý 214.75 N
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Equilibrium then requires

ö3 ö
(a) M C ý 0: (1.55 m) ÷ TBA ÷ ý (0.54247 m)(214.75 N) ý 0
ø5 ø
or TBA ý 125.264 N or TBA ý 125.3 N 
3
(b) Fx ý 0: C x ý (125.264 N) ý 0
5
or C x ý 75.158 N
4
Fy ý 0: C y û (125.264 N) ý (214.75 N) ý 0
5
or C y ý 114.539 N
Then C ý 137.0 N 56.7° 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.30
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is attached to

a hinge at C. Determine the length L for which portion BCD of the
wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through C.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, the center of gravity of the wire will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding line. Thus,
X ý 0 so that  X L ý 0
L
Then û (ý40 mm)(80 mm) û (ý40 mm)(100 mm) ý 0
2
L2 ý 14, 400 mm2 L ý 120.0 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.31
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is attached to

a hinge at C. Determine the length L for which portion AB of the
wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
WI ý 80 w WII ý 100 w WIII ý Lw
 M C ý 0: (80 w)(32) û (100 w)(14) ý ( Lw)(0.4 L) ý 0
L2 ý 9900 L ý 99.5 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.32
Determine the distance h for which the centroid of the shaded

area is as far above line BB′ as possible when (a) k ý 0.10,
(b) k ý 0.80.
SOLUTION
A y yA
1 1 1 2
1 ba a a b
2 3 6
1 1 1
2 ý ( kb)h h ý kbh 2
2 3 6
b b 2
 ( a ý kh) (a ý kh 2 )
2 6
Then Y A ý  yA
ùb ù b
Y ú ( a ý kh) ú ý ( a 2 ý kh 2 )
û2 û 6
a 2 ý kh2
or Yý (1)
3(a ý kh)
dY 1 ý2kh( a ý kh) ý ( a 2 ý kh 2 )(ý k )

and ý ý0
dh 3 (a ý kh) 2
or 2h(a ý kh) ý a 2 û kh2 ý 0 (2)

Simplifying Eq. (2) yields kh 2 ý 2ah û a 2 ý 0
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
2a ā (ý2a ) 2 ý 4(k )(a 2 )

Then h ý
2k
aù
ý û1 ā 1 ý k ùû
k
Note that only the negative root is acceptable since h ü a. Then

(a) k ý 0.10
a ù
hý 1 ý 1 ý 0.10 ùû or h ý 0.513a 
0.10 û
(b) k ý 0.80
a ù
hý 1 ý 1 ý 0.80 ùû or h ý 0.691a 
0.80 û
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.33
Knowing that the distance h has been selected to maximize

the distance y from line BB′ to the centroid of the shaded
area, show that y ý 2h/3.
SOLUTION
See solution to Problem 5.32 for analysis leading to the following equations:
a 2 ý kh2
Yý (1)
3(a ý kh)
2h(a ý kh) ý a 2 û kh2 ý 0 (2)

Rearranging Eq. (2) (which defines the value of h which maximizes Y ) yields
a 2 ý kh2 ý 2h(a ý kh)
Then substituting into Eq. (1) (which defines Y ),
1 2
Yý ô 2h(a ý kh) or Y ý h 
3(a ý kh) 3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.34
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
h
We have yý x
a
and dA ý (h ý y )dx
ö xö
ý h ÷ 1 ý ÷ dx
ø aø
xEL ý x
1
yEL ý (h û y )
2
hö xö
ý ÷1 û ÷
2ø aø
a
a ö xö ù x2 ù 1
Then A ý dA ý  0
h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ý h ú x ý ú ý ah
ø a ø û 2 a û0 2
a
a ù ö xö ù ù x 2 x3 ù 1
and x EL dA ý  0
x ú h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ú ý h ú ý ú ý a 2 h
û ø aø û û 2 3a û 0 6
a hö x öù ö xö ù
y EL dA ý  0
÷
2ø
1 û ÷ ú h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ú
a øû ø a ø û
a
h2 aö x2 ö h2 ù x3 ù 1 2
ý
2  0
÷÷1 ý 2
ø a
÷÷ dx ý
ø 2
ú x ý 2 ú ý ah
û 3a û 0 3
ö1 ö 1 2

xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a 2 h
ø2 ø 6
xý
3
a 
ö1 ö 1 2

y A ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah 2
ø2 ø 3
yý
3
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.35
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown.

Express your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
At (a, h), y1 : h ý ka 2
h
or ký
a2
y2 : h ý ma
h
or mý
a
Now xEL ý x
1
yEL ý ( y1 û y2 )
2
ùh h ù
and dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý ú x ý 2 x 2 ú dx
û a a û
h
ý 2 (ax ý x 2 )dx
a
a
a h h ùa 1 ù 1
Then A ý dA ý  0 a 2
(ax ý x 2 )dx ý 2 ú x 2 ý x3 ú ý ah
a û2 3 û0 6
a
ùh
a h ùa 1 ù 1
and
 xEL dA ý 
0 ú
x 2 (ax ý x 2 )dx ý 2 ú x 3 ý x 4 ú ý a 2 h
ûa a û3 4 û 0 12
 ø ù
1 1 2
 y EL dA ý 
2
( y1 û y2 )[( y2 ý y1 )dx] ý
2
y2 ý y12 dx
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
1 aö h2 2 h2 4 ö
ý
2  0 ÷÷ a 2 x ý a 4 x ÷÷dx
ø ø
a
1 h2 ù a 2 3 1 5 ù
ý ú x ý x ú
2 a4 û 3 5 û0
1
ý ah 2
15
ö1 ö 1 1

ø 6 ø 12
xý
2
a 
ö1 ö 1 2

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah 2
ø 6 ø 15
yý
5
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.36
Express your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
For the element (el) shown at
h ý k ø 2a ù
2
x ý 2a, y ý h or
h
ü k=
4a 2
xel ý x
1
yel ý y
2
dA ý ydx
2a
h 2a 2 h ö x3 ö
Then A ý  dA ý  x dx ý ÷ ÷
4a 2 0
4a 2 ÷ø 3 ÷ø
0
7
ý ah
12
2a
2a ö h ö 2 h ö x4 ö
and  xel dA ý  x÷ 2 ÷x dx ý ÷ ÷
4a 2 ÷ø 4 ÷ø
a
ø 4a ø a
15 2
ha ý
16
2a 1
 yel dA ý  a 2 y dx
2
ø ù
2
1 ö hx 2 ö h 2 2a 4
ý  ÷÷ 2 ÷÷ dx ý  x dx
2 ø 4a ø 32a 4 a
2a
h 2 ù x5 ù 31 2
ý ú ú ý ah
32a 4 û 5 û a
160
ö 7 ö 15 2
Then xA ý  xel dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a h or x ý 1.607 a 
ø 12 ø 16
ö 7 ö 31 2
yA ý  yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah or y ý 0.332h 
ø 12 ø 160
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.37
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y ý0 
1
dA ý a (adö )
2
dA ý adx 2
xEL ý a cos ö
xEL ý x 3
a  1

A ý dA ý  adx ý   2 a dö
2
0 ý
a2 
ý a[ x]0a ý [ö ] ý a 2 (1 ý  )
Then 2
a  2 ö1 ö
x EL dA ý  x(adx) ý   3 a cosö ÷ø 2 a dö ÷ø
2
0 ý
a
ù x2 ù 1
ý a ú ú ý a3 [sin ö ]ý
û û0 3
2
ö1 2 ö
ý a3 ÷ ý sin  ÷
and ø2 3 ø
ö1 2 ö 3 ý 4sin 

xA ý xEL dA: x [a 2 (1 ý  )] ý a 3 ÷ ý sin  ÷
ø2 3 ø
or xý
6(1 ý  )
a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.38
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x ý0 
For the element (EL) shown
2r
yEL ý (Figure 5.8B)
ð
dA ý ð rdr
r2
ö r2 ö ð 2 2
ø ù
r2
Then A ý dA ý  r1
ð r d r ý ð ÷÷
ø 2
÷÷ ý
ø r1 2
r2 ý r1
r2
2r ö1 ö 2
ø ù
r2
and  yEL dA ý  r1 ð
(ð rdr ) ý 2 ÷ r 3 ÷ ý r23 ý r13
ø 3 ø r1 3
ùð 4 r23 ý r13
So  û 2
ù 2
û 3
ø
yA ý yEL dA: y ú r22 ý r12 ú ý r23 ý r13 ù ø ù or yý
3ð r22 ý r12

lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.39
SOLUTION
b 2
For the element (EL) shown, yý a ý x2
a
and dA ý (b ý y )dx
ý
b
a ø
a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ù
xEL ýx
1
yEL ý ( y û b)
2
ý
b
2a ø
a û a2 ý x2 ù
Then

A ý dA ý 
a
0
b
a ø
a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ù
To integrate, let x ý a sin ñ : a 2 ý x 2 ý a cos ñ , dx ý a cos ñ dñ
ð /2 b
Then A ý  0 a
(a ý a cos ñ )(a cos ñ dñ )
ð /2
bù öñ 2ñ ö ù
ý ú a 2 sin ñ ý a 2 ÷ û sin ú
aû ø2 4 ÷ø û 0
ö ðö
ý ab ÷ 1 ý ÷
ø 4ø
and x EL dA ý 
a
0
ùb
ø ù
x ú a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ú
û a û
ù
ð /2
b ùö a 2 1 2 2 3/2 ö ù
ý ú x û (a ý x ) ÷ ú
a û÷ø 2 3 øû 0
1 3
ý ab
6
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
b
ø ùb
ù ø ù
ù
a
 yEL dA ý  0 2a
a û a 2 ý x 2 ú a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ú
ûa û
a
b2 a b2 ö x3 ö
ý 2  ( x ) dx ý 2
2
÷÷ ÷÷
2a 0 2a ø 3 ø0
1 2
ý ab
6
ù ö ð öù 1 2a

xA ý xEL dA: x ú ab ÷ 1 ý ÷ ú ý a 2 b
û ø 4 øû 6
or x ý
3(4 ý ð )

ù ö ð öù 1 2b

yA ý yEL dA: y ú ab ÷ 1 ý ÷ ú ý ab 2
û ø 4 øû 6
or y ý
3(4 ý ð )

lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.40

your answer in terms of a and b.
SOLUTION
At x ý 0, yýb
b
b b ý k (0 ý a) 2 or k ý
yý ( x ý a)2 a2
Then a2
Now xEL ý x
y b
yEL ý ý 2 ( x ý a)2
2 2a
b
dA ý ydx ý 2
( x ý a)2 dx
and a
a b b a 1
  ( x ý a) 2 dx ý 2 ùø x ý a ù ù ý ab
3
Then A ý dA ý
0 a 2
3a û û0 3
 øx ù
a ùb ù b a
x ý  x ú 2 ( x ý a) 2 dx ú ý 2 ý 2ax 2 û a 2 x dx
3
and EL dA
0 ûa û a 0
b ö x4 2 3 a2 2 ö 1 2
ý ÷÷ ý ax û x ÷÷ ý a b
a2 ø 4 3 2 ø 12
a
ùb ù b ù1 ù
2
a b
 yEL dA ý  0 2a 2
( x ý a) 2 ú 2 ( x ý a) 2 dx ú ý 4 ú ( x ý a)5 ú
ûa û 2a û 5 û0
1 2
ý ab
10
ö1 ö 1 1
Hence 
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý a 2 b
ø 3 ø 12
xý
4
a 
ö1 ö 1 3

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý ab 2
ø 3 ø 10
yý
10
b 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.41

SOLUTION
b 2
y1 ý k1 x 2 but b ý k1a 2 x y1 ý
a2
b
y2 ý k2 x3 but b ý k2 a 3 y2 ý 3 x3
a
b ö x 3 ö
dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý 2 ÷÷ x 2 ý ÷÷ dx
a ø a ø
xEL ý x
1
yEL ý ( y1 û y2 )
2
b ö x3 ö
ý 2 ÷÷ x 2 û ÷÷
2a ø a ø
b aö x3 ö
A ý dA ý   ÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
2
a2 0
ø a ø
a
b ù x3 x 4 ù
ý ú ý ú
a2 û 3 4a û 0
1
ý ba
12
a b ö 2 x3 ö
 xEL dA ý  0
x
a2
÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
ø a ø
b aö x4 ö
ý  ý
3
÷÷ x ÷ dx
a2 0
ø a ÷ø
a
b ù x 4 x5 ù
ý 2ú ý ú
a û 4 5a û 0
1 2
ý a b
20
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a b ö 2 x3 ö b ö 2 x3 ö
 yEL dA ý  0
÷ x û ÷÷ 2
2a 2 ÷ø a øa
÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
ø a ø
b2 aö x6 ö
ý  ÷÷ x ý 2 ÷÷ dx
4
2a 4 0
ø a ø
a
b2 ù x5 x7 ù 1
ý 4 ú ý 2ú
ý ab 2
2a û 5 7 a û0 35
ö 1 ö 1 2 3

xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ba ÷ ý
ø 12 ø 20
a b xý a 
5
ö 1 ö 1 12

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ba ÷ ý ab 2
ø 12 ø 35
yý
35
b 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.42
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 aö x x2 ö
yEL ý y ý ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷
2 2ø L L ø
ö x x2 ö
dA ý y dx ý a ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷ dx
ø L L ø
2L
2L ö x x2 ö ù x2 x3 ù
Then A ý dA ý   0
a ÷÷ 1 ý û 2
ø L L
÷÷ dx ý a ú x ý
ø û
û 2ú
2 L 3L û 0
8
ý aL
3
2L
2L ù ö x x2 ö ù ù x 2 x3 x4 ù
x ú a ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷ dx ú ý a ú ý
úû ø L L ø úû
û 2ú
û 2 3L 4 L û 0
10 2
ý aL
3
2L aö x x2 öù öö ù x x2
 yEL dA ý  0
÷÷ 1 ý û 2
2ø L L
÷÷ ú a ÷÷1 ý û 2
÷÷ dx ú
ø úû ø
ø úû L L
a2 EL ö x x2 x3 x 4 ö
ý
2  0
÷÷1 ý 2 û 3 2 ý 2 3 û 4 ÷÷ dx
ø L L L L ø
2L
a2 ù x 2 x3 x4 x5 ù
ý ú x ý û ý û ú
2 û L L2 2 L3 5 L4 û 0
11 2
ý a L
5
ö 8 ö 10 5
Hence, 
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ aL ÷ ý aL2
ø3 ø 3
xý
4
L 
ö 1 ö 11 33

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø8 ø 5
yý
40
a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.43

SOLUTION
a
For y2 at x ý a, y ý b, a ý kb 2 , or k ý
b2
b
Then y2 ý x1/ 2
a
Now xEL ý x
a y2 b x1/ 2
and for 0 ó x ó , yEL ý ý
2 2 2 a
x1/ 2
dA ý y2 dx ý b dx
a
a 1 b ö x 1 x1/2 ö
For ó x ó a, yEL ý ( y1 û y2 ) ý ÷÷ ý û ÷÷
2 2 2ø a 2 a ø
ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö
dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý b ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ dx
ø a a 2ø
a
a/2 x1/ 2 aö x1/2 x 1 ö b ù 2 3/ 2 ù
a/ 2
ù 2 x3/ 2 x 2 1 ù

Then A ý dA ý  0
b
a
dx û 
a/2
b ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ dx ý
ø a a 2ø
ú
a û3
x ú
û0
û b ú ý û xú
û 3 a 2a 2 û a/ 2
2 b ùö a ö öaö ù
3/ 2 3/2
ý ú÷ ÷ û (a )3/2 ý ÷ ÷ ú
3 a úûø 2 ø ø 2 ø úû
üÿ 1 ù öaö ù 1ù
2
ö a ö ù üÿ
û b ýý ú(a 2 ) ý ÷ ÷ ú û ú(a) ý ÷ ÷ ú ý
ÿþ 2a úû ø 2 ø úû 2 û ø 2 ø û ÿþ
13
ý ab
24
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a/ 2 ö x1/ 2 ö a ù ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö ù
and  xEL dA ý  0
x ÷÷ b
ø a
dx ÷÷ û
ø
 a/ 2
x úb ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ ú dx
úû ø a a 2 ø úû
a
b ù 2 5/ 2 ù
a/ 2
ù 2 x5/ 2 x3 x 4 ù
ý ú x ú û b ú ý û ú
a û5 û0 û 5 a 3a 4 û a/ 2
2 b ùö a ö öaö ù
5/ 2 5/ 2
ý ú÷ ÷ û (a)5/ 2 ý ÷ ÷ ú
5 a ûúø 2 ø ø 2 ø ûú
üÿ 1 ù öaö ù 1ù
3
ö a ö ù üÿ
2
û b ý ý ú ( a )3 ý ÷ ÷ ú û ú ( a ) 2 ý ÷ ÷ ú ý
ÿþ 3a ûú ø 2 ø ûú 4 ûú ø 2 ø ûú ÿþ
71 2
ý a b
240
a/ 2 b x1/2 ù x1/ 2 ù
 yEL dA ý  0 2 a û
úb
a û
dx ú
a b ö x 1 x1/ 2 ö ù ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö ù
û  ÷ ý û
a/ 2 2 ÷ a
ø 2
÷ úb ÷ ý û ÷ dx ú
a ÷ø ûú ÷ø a a 2 ÷ø ûú
a
b 2 ùö x 2 1 ö x 1 ö öù
a/ 2 3
b2 ù 1 2 ù
ý û ú ÷ ý ý ÷ú
2 úø÷ 2a 3a ÷ø a 2 ÷ø ø÷ ú
x
2a ûú 2 ûú 0
û û a/ 2
b ùö a ö
2 2ù 3
öaö b2 ö a 1 ö
ý ú÷ ÷ û ( a ) 2 ý ÷ ÷ úý ÷ ý ÷
4a úûø 2 ø ø2ø úû 6a ø 2 2 ø
11 2
ý ab
48
ö 13 ö 71 2 17
Hence, 
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 24 ø 240
a b xý
130
a 
ö 13 ö 11 2 11

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 24 ø 48
ab yý
26
b 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.44

Express your answer in terms of a and b.
SOLUTION
2b
For y1 at x ý a, y ý 2b, 2b ý ka 2 , or k ý
a2
2b 2
Then y1 ý x
a2
b ö xö
By observation, y2 ý ý ( x û 2b) ý b ÷ 2 ý ÷
a ø a ø
Now xEL ý x
1 b 2b 2
and for 0 ó x ó a, yEL ý y1 ý 2 x 2 and dA ý y1 dx ý x dx
2 a a2
1 bö xö ö xö
For a ó x ó 2a, y EL ý y2 ý ÷ 2 ý ÷ and dA ý y2 dx ý b ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx
2 2ø aø ø aø
a 2b 2 2a ö xö
Then A ý dA ý  0 a2
x dx û  a
b ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx
ø aø
2a
ù aö xö ù
a
2b ù x3 ù
2
7
ý 2 ú ú û b ú ý ÷ 2 ý ÷ ú ý ab
a û 3 û0 úû 2 ø a ø úû
0
6
a ö 2b ö 2a ù ö xö ù
x ÷ 2 x 2 dx ÷ û
ø a ø  a
x úb ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx ú
û ø aø û
a 2a
2b ù x 4 ù ù 2 x3 ù
ý 2 ú ú û b úx ý ú
a û 4 û0 û 3a û 0
1 2 ü 1
ù(2a 2 ) ý (a )3 ù ýü
ý a b û b ý ûù(2a) 2 ý (a )2 ûù û û ûþ
2 þ 3a
7
ý a 2b
6
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a b 2 ù 2b 2 ù 2a bö x öù ö xö ù
y EL dA ý  0
x
a 2 úû a 2
x dx ú û
û  0
÷
2ø
2 ý ÷ úb ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx ú
a øû ø aø û
2a
b2 ù a ö xö ù
a
2b2 ù x5 ù
3
ý 4 ú ú û úý ÷ 2 ý ÷ ú
a û 5 û 0 2 úû 3 ø a ø úû
a
17
ý ab 2
30
ö7 ö 7
Hence, 
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý a 2b
ø6 ø 6
x ýa 
ö 7 ö 17 2 17

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 6 ø 30
ab yý
35
b 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.45
A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
Now xEL ý a cos 3 ñ and dL ý dx 2 û dy 2
where x ý a cos ñ : dx ý ý3a cos ñ sin ñ dñ

3 2
y ý a sin 3 ñ : dy ý 3a sin 2 ñ cos ñ dñ
Then dL ý [(ý3a cos 2 ñ sin ñ dñ )2 û (3a sin 2 ñ cos ñ dñ ) 2 ]1/ 2

ý 3a cos ñ sin ñ (cos 2 ñ û sin 2 ñ )1/ 2 dñ
ý 3a cos ñ sin ñ dñ
ð /2
ð /2 ù1 ù

L ý dL ý  0
3a cos ñ sin ñ dñ ý 3a ú sin 2 ñ ú
û 2 û0
3
ý a
2
ð /2
and
 xEL dL ý  0
a cos3ñ (3a cos ñ sin ñ dñ )
ð /2
ù 1 ù 3 2
ý 3a 2 ú ý cos5 ñ ú ý a
û 5 û0 5
ö3 ö 3 2
Hence, 
xL ý xEL dL : x ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø2 ø 5
xý
5
a 
Alternative Solution:
2/3
öxö
x ý a cos3 ñ  cos 2 ñ ý ÷ ÷
øaø
2/3
ö yö
y ý a sin ñ  sin ñ ý ÷ ÷
3 2
øaø
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
2/3 2/3
öxö ö yö
÷a÷ û÷ ÷ ý 1 or y ý (a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )3/ 2
ø ø øaø
dy
Then ý (a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )1/ 2 (ý x ý1/3 )
dx
Now xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
and dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷
ø dx ø
 
1/ 2
2
dx ý 1 û ùû(a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )1/ 2 (ý x ý1/3 ) ùû dx
a
a a1/3 ù3 ù 3
Then L ý dL ý   0 x1/3
dx ý a1/3 ú x 2/3 ú ý a
û2 û0 2
a ö a1/3 ö ù3 ù
a
3
and  xEL dL ý  0
x ÷÷ 1/3 dx ÷÷ ý a1/3 ú x5/3 ú ý a 2
øx ø û 5 û0 5
ö3 ö 3 2
Hence 
xL ý xEL dL : x ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø2 ø 5
xý
5
a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.46

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
Now xEL ý r cos ñ and dL ý rdñ
7ð / 4 3
Then L ý dL ý  ð /4
r dñ ý r[ñ ]ð7ð/ 4/ 4 ý ð r
2
7ð / 4
and  xEL dL ý ð /4
r cos ñ (rdñ )
ý r 2 [sin ñ ] ð7ð/ 4/ 4
ö 1 1 ö
ý r2 ÷ ý ý ÷
ø 2 2ø
ý ýr 2 2
ö3 ö 2 2
Thus 
xL ý x dL : x ÷ ð r ÷ ý ýr 2 2
ø2 ø
x ýý
3ð
r 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.47*

integration the x coordinate of its centroid. Express your answer in terms of a.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
1
We have at x ý a, y ý a, a ý ka3/2 , or k ý
a
1
Then y ý x3/ 2
a
dy 3 1/ 2
and ý x
dx 2 a
Now xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
and dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷ dx
ø dx ø
1/ 2
ù ö 3 2ù
1/ 2 ö
ú
ý 1û ÷ x ÷ ú dx
úû ø 2 a ø úû
1
ý 4a û 9 x dx
2 a
a 1
Then L ý dL ý   0 2 a
4a û 9 x dx
a
1 ù2 1 ù
ý ú ô (4a û 9 x)3/ 2 ú
2 a û3 9 û0
a
ý [(13)3/ 2 ý 8]
27
ý 1.43971a
a ù 1 ù
and  xEL dL ý  0
xú
û2 a
4a û 9 x dx ú
û
*Advanced or specialty topic
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.47* (Continued)
Use integration by parts with
uýx dv ý 4a û 9 x dx
2
du ý dx vý (4a û 9 x)3/2
27
1 üÿ ù üÿ
a
2 3/ 2 ù 2
a
Then  xEL dL ý ýú
2 a þÿ û
x ô
27
(4 a û 9 x ) ú ý
û0  0 27
(4a û 9 x)3/ 2 dx ý
þÿ
a
(13)3/ 2 2 1 ù2 ù
ý a ý ú (4a û 9 x)5/ 2 ú
27 27 a û 45 û0
a2 ü 2 ü
ý ý(13) ý [(13) ý 32]ý
3/ 2 5/ 2
27 þ 45 þ
ý 0.78566a 2

xL ý xEL dL : x (1.43971a) ý 0.78566a 2 or x ý 0.546 a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.48*
SOLUTION
2 2
We have xEL ý r cos ñ ý aeñ cos ñ
3 3
2 2 ñ
yEL ý r sin ñ ý ae sin ñ
3 3
1 1
and dA ý ( r )( rdñ ) ý a 2 e 2ñ d ñ
2 2
ð
ð 1 2 2ñ 1 ù1 ù
Then A ý dA ý
  0 2
a e dñ ý a 2 ú e 2ñ ú
2 û2 û0
1 2 2ð
ý a (e ý 1)
4
ý 133.623a 2
ð 2 ñ ö1 ö
and  xEL dA ý  0 3
ae cos ñ ÷ a 2 e2ñ dñ ÷
ø2 ø
1 ð
ý a3
3  0
e3ñ cos ñ dñ
To proceed, use integration by parts, with
u ý e3ñ and du ý 3e3ñ dñ
dv ý cos ñ dñ and v ý sin ñ
e 
3ñ
Then cosñ dñ ý e3ñ sin ñ ý sin ñ (3e3ñ dñ )
Now let u ý e3ñ then du ý 3e3ñ dñ
dv ý sin ñ dñ , then v ý ý cos ñ
Then e
3ñ
cos ñ dñ ý e3ñ sin ñ ý 3 ùú ýe3ñ cos ñ ý (ý cos ñ )(3e3ñ dñ ) ùú

û û
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
e3ñ
so that  e3ñ cos ñ dñ ý
10
(sin ñ û 3cos ñ )
ð
1 ù e3ñ ù
 xEL dA ý a 3 ú
3 û 10
(sin ñ û 3cos ñ ) ú
û0
a3
ý (ý3e3ð ý 3) ý ý1239.26a 3
30
ð 2 ñ ö1 ö
Also,  yEL dA ý  0 3
ae sin ñ ÷ a 2 e2ñ dñ ÷
ø 2 ø
1 ð
ý a3
3  0
e3ñ sin ñ dñ
Use integration by parts, as above, with
u ý e3ñ and du ý 3e3ñ dñ

dv ý sin ñ dñ and v ý ý cos ñ
e 
3ñ
Then sin ñ dñ ý ýe3ñ cosñ ý (ý cos ñ )(3e3ñ dñ )
e3ñ
so that  e3ñ sin ñ dñ ý
10
(ý cos ñ û 3sin ñ )
ð
1 ù e3ñ ù
 yEL dA ý a3 ú
3 û 10
(ý cos ñ û 3sin ñ ) ú
û0
a3 3ð
ý (e û 1) ý 413.09a 3
30
Hence, 
xA ý xEL dA: x (133.623a 2 ) ý ý1239.26a3 or x ý ý9.27 a 

yA ý yEL dA: y (133.623a 2 ) ý 413.09a3 or y ý 3.09a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.49*
SOLUTION
ðx
y ý a sin
L
1
xEL ý x, yEL ý
y, dA ý y dx
2
L/2 L/2 ðx
Aý
0 y dx ý a
0
sin
L 
dx
L/2
ùLö ð x öù aL
A ý a ú ÷ ý cos ú ý
ûð ø L ÷ø û 0 ð
L/2 L/2 ðx
x EL dA ý  0
xydx ý  0
xa sin
L
dx
ðx L L
Setting u ý , we have x ý u , dx ý du,
L ð ð
2
ð /2 ö L ö öL ö öLö ð /2
 xEL dA ý  0
÷ ð u ÷ a sin u ÷ ð du ÷ ý a ÷ ð ÷
ø ø ø ø ø ø  0
u sin x du
2
öLö ü ð /2 ü aL
2
Integrating by parts,  xEL dA ý a ÷ ÷ ý[ýu cos u ]ð0 / 2 û
øð ø þ  0
cos u duý ý 2
þ ð
L/2 1 2 1 L/2 ðx a2 L ð /2
 yEL dA ý  0 2
y dx ý a 2
2  0
sin 2
L
dx ý
2ð  0
sin 2 u du
ð /2
a2 L ð /2 1 a2 L ù 1 ù 1
ý
2ð 2  0 2
(1 ý cos 2u )du ý
4ð û ú u ý sin 2u ú
2 û0
ý a2 L
8
ö aL ö aL
2

L
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ÷ ý 2 xý 
øð ø ð ð
ö aL ö 1 2 ð

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ÷ý a L
øð ø 8
yý
8
a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.50
Determine the centroid of the area shown in terms of a.
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 1ö 1ö
yEL ý y ý ÷1 ý ÷
2 2ø xø
ö 1ö
and dA ý ydx ý ÷1 ý ÷ dx
ø xø
1 1a
a dx
   ý ø ax ù û ø ln x ù 1 ý (1 û 2 ln a )
a
Then A ý dA ý a adx û 1
0
a
x 0
a
1
dx ù ax 2 ù a
1
1 1 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a
x  
a
and EL dA ý a xdx û 1 x ýú ú û x 1 ý û a ý ý
0
a
x û 2 û0 a 2a a 2a
1 a
1 2 1 dx a 2 a ý ö ö
1 1 a 1 a 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a a
   
1
yEL dA ý y dx ý a a 2 dx û ý ý ý û ý
2 ÷ø x ÷ø 1
1 x
0 2 2 0
a
2x2 2 0
2 2a 2 2a
a
Because of symmetry, computation of only one coordinate was necessary.
2a 2 ý 1 2a 2 ý 1
xA ý xEL dA: x ø1 û 2ln a ù ý
 xýyý 
2a 2a ø1 û 2 ln a ù
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.51
Determine the centroid of the area shown when a = 4 cm.
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 1ö 1ö
yEL ý y ý ÷1 ý ÷
2 2ø xø
ö 1ö
and dA ý ydx ý ÷1 ý ÷ dx
ø xø
1 1a
a dx
   ý ø ax ù û ø ln x ù 1 ý (1 û 2 ln a )
a
Then A ý dA ý a adx û 1
0
a
x 0
a
1
dx ù ax 2 ù a
1
1 1 2a 2 ý 1
ú û û xý1 ý
a
x  
a
and EL dA ý a xdx û 1 x ýú ûaý ý
0
a
x û 2 û0 a 2a a 2a
1 a
1 2 1 dx a 2 a ý ö ö
1 1 a 1 a 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a a
   
1
yEL dA ý y dx ý a a 2 dx û ý ý ý û ý
2 ÷ø x ÷ø 1
1 x
0 2 2 0
a
2x2 2 0
2 2a 2 2a
a
Because of symmetry, computation of only one coordinate was necessary.
2a 2 ý 1
xA ý xEL dA: x ø1 û 2 ln a ù ý
 2a
2a 2 ý 1
xýyý
2a ø1 û 2 ln a ù
Find x and y when a ý 4 cm
2(4) 2 ý 1
We have xýyý or x ý y ý 1.027 cm 
2 ø 4 ùø1 û 2 ln 4 ù
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.52
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating
the area of Prob. 5.1 about (a) the x axis, (b) the line x = 72 mm.
SOLUTION
From the solution of Problem 5.1, we have
A ý 2632.5 mm 2
 xA ý 111,172.5 mm3
 yA ý 63, 787.5 mm3
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about the x-axis:
Volume ý 2ð yarea A ý 2ð  yA
ý 2ð (63,787.5 mm3 ) or Volume ý 401 ô 103 mm3 
Area ý 2ð yline L ý 2ð ( yline ) L

ý 2ð ( y2 L2 û y3 L3 û y4 L4 )
ý 2ð [(22.5) ø 45 ù û (45)(72) û (22.5) 272 û 452 ]
or Area ý 34.1 ô 103 mm2 
(b) Rotation about the line x=72 mm:
Volume ý 2ð (72 ý xarea ) A ý 2ð (72 A ý  xA)
ø ù ø
ý 2ð ùø 72 mm ù 2632.5 mm 2 ý 111,172.5 mm 3 ù
û û ù or Volume ý 492 ô 103 mm3 
Area ý 2ð xline L ý 2ð  ( xline ) L where x1 , x3 and x4 are measured wrt x ý 72 mm

ý 2ð ( x1 L1 û x3 L3 û x4 L4 )
ö 45 û 72 ö
ý 2ð [(22.5)(45) û (36)(72) û ÷
ø 2 ø
÷ ø ù
27 2 û 452 ]
or Area ý 41.9 ô 103 mm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.53
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating
the area of Problem 5.1 about (a) the x-axis, (b) the y-axis.
SOLUTION
A = 11 cm2
Σ xA = 11.5 cm3
Σ yA = 39.5 cm3

Volume = 2π yarea A = 2π Σ yA
= 2π (39.5 cm3 ) or Volume = 248.2 cm3 
Area = 2π yline L = 2π Σ( yline ) L

= 2π ( y2 L2 + y3 L3 + y4 L4 + y5 L5 + y6 L6 + y7 L7 + y8 L8 )
= 2π [(1)(2) + (2)(3) + (2.5)(1) + (3)(3) + (5.5)(5) + (8)(1) + (4)(8)]
or Area = 546.6 cm2 

(b) Rotation about the y-axis:
Volume = 2π xarea A = 2π Σ xA
= 2π (11.5 cm3) or Volume = 72.3 cm3 
Area = 2π xline L = 2π Σ( xline ) L

= 2π ( x1 L1 + x2 L2 + x3 L3 + x4 L4 + x5 L5 + x6 L6 + x7 L7 )
= 2π [(0.5)(1) + (1)(2) + (2.5)(3) + (4)(1) + (2.5)(3) + (1)(5) + (0.5)(1)]
or Area = 169.6 cm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.54
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the
area of Problem 5.6 about (a) the line x ý ý60 mm, (b) the line y ý 120 mm.
SOLUTION
A ý 7200 mm 2
 x A ý ý72 ô 103 mm3
 y A ý 629.83 ô 103 mm3
(a) Rotation about line x ý ý60 mm:
Volume ý 2ð ( x û 60) A ý 2ð ( xA û 60 A)
ý 2ð [ ý72 ô 103 û 60(7200)] Volume ý 2.26 ô 106 mm3 
Area ý 2ð xline L ý 2ð ( xline ) L

ý 2ð ( x1 L1 û x2 L2 û x3 L3 )
ùö 2(60) öö ð (60) ö ö 2(60) öö ð (60) ö ù
ý 2ð ú÷ 60 ý ÷÷ ÷ û ÷ 60 û ÷÷ ÷ û (60)(120) ú
ûø ð øø 2 ø ø ð øø 2 ø û
where x1 , x2 , x3 are measured with respect to line x ý ý60 mm. Area ý 116.3 ô 103 mm2 
(b) Rotation about line y ý 120 mm:
Volume ý 2ð (120 ý y ) A ý 2ð (120 A ý yA)

ý 2ð [120(7200) ý 629.83 ô 103 ] Volume ý 1.471 ô 106 mm3 
Area ý 2ð yline L ý 2ð ( yline ) L

ý 2ð ( y1 L1 û y2 L2 û y4 L4 )
where y1 , y2 , y4 are measured with respect to line y ý 120 mm.
ùö 2(60) öö ð (60) ö ö 2(60) öö ð (60) ö ù

Area ý 2ð ú÷ 120 ý ÷÷ ÷ û÷ ÷÷ ÷ û (60)(120) ú Area ý 116.3 ô 103 mm2 
ûø ð øø 2 ø ø ð øø 2 ø û
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.55
Determine the volume and the surface area of the chain link
shown, which is made from a 6-mm-diameter bar, if R ý 10 mm
and L ý 30 mm.
SOLUTION
The area A and circumference C of the cross section of the bar are
ð
Aý d 2 and C ý ð d .
4
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal
semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have for the volume V,
V ý 2(Vside ) û 2(Vend )
ý 2( AL) û 2(ð RA)
ý 2( L û ð R ) A
ùð ù
or V ý 2[30 mm û ð (10 mm)] ú (6 mm)2 ú
û4 û
ý 3470 mm3 or V ý 3470 mm3 
For the area A, A ý 2( Aside ) û 2( Aend )

ý 2(CL ) û 2(ð RC )
ý 2( L û ð R )C
or A ý 2[30 mm û ð (10 mm)][ð (6 mm)]
ý 2320 mm2 or A ý 2320 mm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.56
Determine the volume of the solid generated by rotating the

parabolic area shown about (a) the x-axis, (b) the axis AAò.
SOLUTION
4
First, from Figure 5.8a, we have A ý ah
3
2
yý h
5
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
Volume ý 2ð yA
ö 2 öö 4 ö 16
ý 2ð ÷ h ÷÷ ah ÷ or Volume ý ð ah 2 
ø 5 øø 3 ø 15
(b) Rotation about the line AAò:
Volume ý 2ð (2a) A
ö4 ö 16 2
ý 2ð (2a ) ÷ ah ÷ or Volume ý ða h 
ø3 ø 3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.57
Verify that the expressions for the volumes of the first four shapes in Fig. 5.21 are correct.
SOLUTION
Following the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, in each case, a specific

generating area A will be rotated about the x-axis to produce the given
shape. Values of y are from Figure 5.8a.
(1) Hemisphere: the generating area is a quarter circle.
ö 4a öö ð 2 ö 2 3
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ a ÷ or Vý ða 
ø 3ð øø 4 ø 3
(2) Semiellipsoid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter ellipse.
ö 4a öö ð ö 2
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ ha ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h 
ø 3ð øø 4 ø 3
(3) Paraboloid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter parabola.
ö 3 öö 2 ö 1
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ a ÷÷ ah ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h 
ø 8 øø 3 ø 2
(4) Cone: the generating area is a triangle.
ö a öö 1 ö 1
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ ha ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h 
ø 3 øø 2 ø 3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.58
Knowing that two equal caps have been removed from a 10-cm-diameter
wooden sphere, determine the total surface area of the remaining portion.
SOLUTION
The surface area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of
Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A ý 2 ð XL ý 2 ð  x L
ý 2ð (2 x1 L1 û x2 L2 )
4
Now tan  ý
3
or  ý 53.130Ā
5 cm ô sin 53.130 Ā
Then x2 ý ð
53.130Ā ô 180 Ā
ý 4.3136 cm
ö ð ö
and L2 ý 2 ÷ 53.130Ā ô ÷ (5 cm)
ø 180Ā ø
ý 9.2729 cm
ù ö3 ö ù
Aý 2ð ú 2 ÷ cm÷ (3 cm) û (4.3136 cm)(9.2729 cm)ú
û ø2 ø û
or A ý 308 cm 2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
40˚ PROBLEM 5.59

0.625 cm 40˚ r = 0.25 cm
0.08 cm
Three different drive belt profiles are to be
0.375 cm studied. If at any given time each belt makes
0.125 cm contact with one-half of the circumference of
3 cm 3 cm 3 cm
its pulley, determine the contact area between
the belt and the pulley for each design.
(a) (b) (c)
SOLUTION SOLUTION
Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, the contact area AC of a belt
is given by:
AC = π yL = π Σ yL
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that are
in contact with the pulley.
(a) AC = π [2( y1 L1 ) + y2 L2 ]
0.125 0.125 cm
=π 2 3− cm +[(3 − 0.125) cm](0.625 cm)
2 cos 20°
or AC = 8.10 cm2
(b) AC = π [2( y1 L1 )]
0.375 0.375 cm
= 2π 3 − 0.08 − cm
2 cos 20°
or AC = 6.85 cm2
(c) AC = π [( y1 L1 )]
2(0.25)
=π 3− cm [p (0.25 cm)]
π
or AC = 7.01 cm2
614
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.60
Determine the capacity, in liters, of the punch bowl

shown if R ý 250 mm.
SOLUTION
The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y-axis. Applying
the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V ý 2ð xA ý 2ð  xA
ý 2ð ( x1 A1 û x2 A2 )
ùö 1 1 ö ö 1 1 3 ö ö 2 R sin 30Ā ö ö ð 2 ö ù
ý 2ð ú÷ ô R ÷ ÷ ô R ô R÷ û ÷ ÷ R ÷ú
÷
ûúø 3 2 ø ø 2 2 2 ø÷ ø÷ 3 ô ð6 ø÷ ø÷ 6 ø ûú
ö R3 R3 ö
ý 2ð ÷÷ û ÷÷
ø 16 3 2 3 ø
3 3
ý ð R3
8
3 3
ý ð (0.25 m)3
8
ý 0.031883 m3
Since 103 l ý 1 m3
103 l
V ý 0.031883 m3 ô V ý 31.9 liters 
1 m3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.61
Determine the volume and total surface area of the bushing shown.
SOLUTION
Volume:
The volume can be obtained by rotating the triangular area shown through ð radians about the y axis.
The area of the triangle is:
1
Aý ø 52 ùø 60 ù ý 1560 mm 2
2
ø
V ý ð xA ý ð ø 52 mm ù 1560 mm 2 ù or V ý 255 ô 103 mm3 
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of ð radians about the y
axis.
Considering each line BD, DE, and BE separately:

22
Line BD : L1 ý 22 2 û 60 2 ý 63.906 mm x1 ý 20 û ý 31 mm
2
Line DE : L2 ý 52 mm x2 ý 20 û 22 û 26 ý 68 mm
74
Line BE : L3 ý 74 2 û 60 2 ý 95.268 mm x1 ý 20 û ý 57 mm
2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the lines:
AL ý ðxA ý ð ùûø 31ùø 63.906 ù û ø 68 ùø 52 ù û ø 57 ùø 95.268 ù ùû ý ð û10947.6ý ý 34.392 ô 103 mm 2
The area of the “end triangles”:
ù1 ù
AE ý 2 ú ø 52 ùø 60 ù ú ý 3.12 ô 103 mm 2
û 2 û
Total surface area is therefore:
A ý AL û AE ý ø 34.392 û 3.12 ù ô 103 mm 2 or A ý 37.5 ô 103 mm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.62
Determine the volume and weight of the solid brass knob shown, knowing
that the density of brass is 8470 kg/m3.
SOLUTION
Volume of knob is obtained by rotating area

at left about the x-axis. Consider area as made
of components shown below.
Area, cm2 y , cm y A, cm3
π
1 (0.75) 2 = 0.4418 0.8183 0.3615
4
2 (0.5)(0.75) = 0.375 0.25 0.0938
3 (1.25)(0.75) = 0.9375 0.625 0.5859

−π
4 (0.75) 2 = −0.4418 0.9317 −0.4116
4
Σ 0.6296
V = 2π Σ y A = 2π (0.6296 cm3 ) = 3.9559 cm 3 V = 3.96 cm3 
W = γ V = (8470 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/ s 2 )(3.9559 × 10− m )

6 3
W = 0.329 N 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.63
Determine the total surface area of the solid brass knob shown.
SOLUTION
Area is obtained by rotating lines shown about the x-axis.
L, cm y , cm yL, cm2
1 0.5 0.25 0.1250

π
2 (0.75) = 1.1781 0.9775 1.1516
2
π
3 (0.75) = 1.1781 0.7725 0.9101
2
4 0.5 0.25 0.1250
Σ 2.3117
A = 2π Σ y L = 2π (2.3117 cm2 ) A = 14.52 cm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.64
The aluminum shade for the small high-intensity lamp shown has a uniform thickness of 1 mm. Knowing
that the density of aluminum is 2800 kg/m3, determine the mass of the shade.
SOLUTION
The mass of the lamp shade is given by
m ý òV ý ò At
where A is the surface area and t is the thickness of the shade. The area can be generated by rotating the line
shown about the x-axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus Guldinus, we have
A ý 2ð yL ý 2ð  yL
ý 2ð ( y1 L1 û y2 L2 û y3 L3 û y4 L4 )
ù13 mm ö 13 û 16 ö
or A ý 2ð ú (13 mm) û ÷ ÷ mm ô (32 mm) û (3 mm)
2 2
û 2 ø 2 ø
ö 16 û 28 ö
û÷ ÷ mm ô (8 mm) û (12 mm)
2 2
ø 2 ø
ö 28 û 33 ö ù
û÷ ÷ mm ô (28 mm) 2 û (5 mm)2 ú
ø 2 ø û
ý 2ð (84.5 û 466.03 û 317.29 û 867.51)
ý 10,903.4 mm 2
Then m ý ò At or
ý3
ý (2800 kg/m )(10.9034 ô 10 m )(0.001 m)
3 2
m ý 0.0305 kg 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.65*
The shade for a wall-mounted light is formed from a thin

sheet of translucent plastic. Determine the surface area of the
outside of the shade, knowing that it has the parabolic cross
section shown.
SOLUTION
First note that the required surface area A can be generated by rotating the parabolic cross section through ð
radians about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A ý ð xL
Now at x ý 100 mm, y ý 250 mm

250 ý k (100) 2
or k ý 0.025 mm ý1
and xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷ dx
ø dx ø
dy
where ý 2kx
dx
Then dL ý 1 û 4k 2 x 2 dx
ø 1 û 4k x dx ù
100

xL ý xEL dL ý 
2 2
We have x
0
100
ù1 1 ù
xL ý ú (1 û 4k 2 x 2 )3/ 2 ú
û û0
2
3 4 k
ý
1 1
12 (0.025)2

[1 û 4(0.025) 2 (100) 2 ]3/2 ý (1)3/2 
ý 17,543.3 mm 2
Finally, A ý ð (17,543.3 mm2 ) or A ý 55.1 ô 103 mm2 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.66
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the magnitude
and location of the resultant of the distributed load, (b) the
reactions at the beam supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a ) RI ý (400 N/m) (6 m)
2
ý 1200 N
RII ý (1600 N/m) (6 m)
ý 4800 N
û  Fy ý 0 : ý R ý ý RI ý RII
R ý 1200 N û 4800 N
R ý 6000 N
M A ý 0 : ý X ø 6000 ù ý ý2 ø1200 ù ý 4 ø 4800 ù

X ý 3.60 m
R ý 6000 N ÿ , X ý 3.60 m 
(b) Reactions Fx ý 0 : Ax ý 0

Fy ý 0 : Ay ý 6000 ý 0 Ay ý 6000 N
A ý 6000 N 
M A ý 0: M A ý (6000 N) (3.60 m) ý 0
M A ý 21.6 kN  m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.67
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the

magnitude and location of the resultant of the
distributed load, and (b) the reactions at the beam
supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a) RI ý (1100 N/m) (6 m) ý 2200 N
3
RII ý (900 N/m) (6 m) ý 5400 N
R ý RI û RII ý 2200 û 5400 ý 7600 N
XR ý  xR : X (7600) ý (2200)(1.5) û (5400)(3)
X ý 2.5658 m R ý 7.60 kN , X ý 2.57 m 
(b)  M A ý 0: B (6 m) ý (7600 N)(2.5658 m) ý 0

B ý 3250.0 N
B ý 3.25 kN 
 Fy ý 0: A û 3250.0 N ý 7600 N ý 0
A ý 4350.0 N
A ý 4.35 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.68
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
R I = (200 N/m)(4 m) = 800 N

1
R II = (150 N/m)(3 m) = 225 N
2
ΣFy = 0: A − 800 N + 225 N = 0
A = 575 N 
ΣM A = 0: M A − (800 N)(2 m) + (225 N)(5 m) = 0
M A = 475 N ⋅ m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.69
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given

loading.
SOLUTION
1
RI ý (200 N/m)(0.3 m)
2
ý 30 N
RII ý (200 N/m)(0.5 m)
ý 100 N
Fy ý 0: Ay ý 30 N ý 100 N û 100 N ý 0

Ay ý 30 N
A ý 30 N 
M A ý 0: M A ý (30 N)(0.2 m) ý (100 N)(0.55 m) û ø100 Nùø0.95 mù ý 0


M A ý ý 34 N  m M A ý 34 N  m
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
480 N/m PROBLEM 5.70

600 N/m
A D
B C loading.
3m 6m
2m
SOLUTION
1
We have R I= (3 m)(480 N/m) = 720 N
2
1
R II = (6 m)(600 N/m) = 1800 N
2
R III = (2 m)(600 N/m) = 1200 N
Then ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0
ΣM B = 0: (2 m)(720 N) − (4 m)(1800 N)+(6 m)Cy − (7 m)(1200 N) = 0
or C y = 2360 N C = 2.36 kN
ΣFy = 0: −720 N + By − 1800 N + 2360 N − 1200 N = 0
or By = 1360 N B = 1.36 kN
626
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.71
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading by the loadings shown below. Both loadings are equivalent since they are
both defined by a linear relation between load and distance and have the same values at the end points.
1
R1 ý (900 N/m) (1.5 m) ý 675 N
2
1
R2 ý (400 N/m) (1.5 m) ý 300 N
2
 M A ý 0: ý (675 N)(1.4 m) û (300 N)(0.9 m) û B (2.5 m) ý C
B ý 270 N B ý 270 N 
 Fy ý 0: A ý 675 N û 300 N û 270 N ý 0
A ý 105.0 N A ý 105.0 N 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
200 N/m
Parabolas PROBLEM 5.72
100 N/m
A B loading.
4m 2m
SOLUTION
1
We have RI = (4 m)(200 N/m) = 266.7 N
3
1
RII = (2 m)(100 N/m) = 66.7 N
3
Then ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay −266.7 N − 66.7 N = 0
or Ay = 333.4 N A = 333 N
ΣM A = 0: M A −(1 m)(266.7 N) − (5.5 m)(66.7 N) = 0
or M A = 633.55 N ⋅ m M A = 634 N ⋅ m
629
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.73

loading.
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading with the loading shown below. The two loadings are equivalent because
both are defined by a parabolic relation between load and distance and the values at the end points are the
same.
We have RI ý (6 m)(300 N/m) ý 1800 N

2
RII ý (6 m)(1200 N/m) ý 4800 N
3
Then Fx ý 0: Ax ý 0
Fy ý 0: Ay û 1800 N ý 4800 N ý 0
or Ay ý 3000 N A ý 3.00 kN 
ö 15 ö
M A ý 0: M A û (3 m)(1800 N) ý ÷ m ÷ (4800 N) ý 0
ø 4 ø
or M A ý 12.6 kN  m M A ý 12.60 kN  m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.74
Determine (a) the distance a so that the vertical reactions at

supports A and B are equal, (b) the corresponding reactions at
the supports.
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have RI ý (a m)(1800 N/m) ý 900a N
2
1
RII ý [(4 ý a ) m](600 N/m) ý 300(4 ý a ) N
2
Then Fy ý 0: Ay ý 900a ý 300(4 ý a) û By ý 0
or Ay û By ý 1200 û 600a
Now Ay ý By  Ay ý By ý 600 û 300a (N) (1)
ùö aö ù
Also, M B ý 0: ý (4 m) Ay û ú÷ 4 ý ÷ m ú [(900a ) N]
ûø 3ø û
ù1 ù
û ú (4 ý a) m ú [300(4 ý a) N] ý 0
û 3 û
or Ay ý 400 û 700 a ý 50 a 2 (2)
Equating Eqs. (1) and (2), 600 û 300a ý 400 û 700a ý 50a 2
or a 2 ý 8a û 4 ý 0
8 ā ( ý8) 2 ý 4(1)(4)
Then aý
2
or a ý 0.53590 m a ý 7.4641 m Now aó4m a ý 0.536 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
(b) We have Fx ý 0: Ax ý 0
From Eq. (1): Ay ý B y

ý 600 û 300 (0.53590)
ý 761 N A ý B ý 761 N 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.75
Determine (a) the distance a so that the reaction at support B is

minimum, (b) the corresponding reactions at the supports.
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have RI ý (a m)(1800 N/m) ý 900a N
2
1
RII ý [(4 ý a )m](600 N/m) ý 300(4 ý a ) N
2
öa ö ö8ûa ö
Then M A ý 0: ý ÷ m ÷ (900a N) ý ÷ m ÷ [300(4 ý a )N] û (4 m) By ý 0
ø3 ø ø 3 ø
or B y ý 50 a 2 ý 100 a û 800 (1)
dBy
Then ý 100a ý 100 ý 0 or a ý 1.000 m 
da
(b) From Eq. (1): B y ý 50(1) 2 ý 100(1) û 800 ý 750 N B ý 750 N 
and Fx ý 0: Ax ý 0
Fy ý 0: Ay ý 900(1) N ý 300(4 ý 1) N û 750 N ý 0
or Ay ý 1050 N A ý 1050 N 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.76

loading when wO ý 400 N/m.
SOLUTION
1 1
RI ý wO (12 m) ý (400 N/m)(12 m) ý 2400 N
2 2
1
RII ý (300 N/m)(12 m) ý 1800 N
2
M B ý 0: (2400 N)(1 m) ý (1800 N)(3 m) ûC (7 m) ý 0
C ý 428.57 N C ý 429 N 
Fy ý 0: B û 428.57 N ý 2400 N ý 1800 N ý 0
B ý 3771 N B ý 3.77 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.77
Determine (a) the distributed load wO at the end A of the beam

ABC for which the reaction at C is zero, (b) the corresponding
reaction at B.
SOLUTION
1
For wO , RI ý wO (12 m) ý 6 wO
2
1
RII ý (300 N/m)(12 m) ý 1800 N
2
(a) For C ý 0, M B ý 0: (6 wO )(1 m) ý (1800 N)(3 m) ý 0 wO ý 900 N/m 
(b) Corresponding value of R I :
RI ý 6(900) ý 5400 N
Fy ý 0: B ý 5400 N ý 1800 N ý 0 B ý 7.2 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.78
The beam AB supports two concentrated loads and rests on soil that
exerts a linearly distributed upward load as shown. Determine the
values of  A and  B corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
1
RI ý  A (1.8 m) ý 0.9 A
2
1
RII ý B (1.8 m) ý 0.9B
2
M D ý 0: (24 kN)(1.2 ý a ) ý (30 kN)(0.3 m) ý (0.9 A )(0.6 m) ý 0 (1)
For a ý 0.6 m, 24(1.2 ý 0.6) ý (30)(0.3) ý 0.54a ý 0
14.4 ý 9 ý 0.54 A ý 0  A ý 10.00 kN/m 
Fy ý 0: ý 24 kN ý 30 kN û 0.9(10 kN/m) û 0.9B ý 0 B ý 50.0 kN/m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.79
For the beam and loading of Prob. 5.78, determine (a) the
distance a for which  A ý 20 kN/m, (b) the corresponding value of
B.
PROBLEM 5.78 The beam AB supports two concentrated loads

and rests on soil that exerts a linearly distributed upward load as
shown. Determine the values of  A and  B corresponding to
equilibrium.
SOLUTION
1
We have RI ý (1.8 m)(20 kN/m) ý 18 kN
2
1
RII ý (1.8 m)(B kN/m) ý 0.9B kN
2
(a) M C ý 0: (1.2 ý a )m ô 24 kN ý 0.6 m ô 18 kN ý 0.3 m ô 30 kN ý 0
or a ý 0.375 m 
(b) Fy ý 0: ý 24 kN û 18 kN û (0.9B ) kN ý 30 kN ý 0
or  B ý 40.0 kN/m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.80
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a 1-m-wide

dam section determine (a) the resultant of the reaction forces exerted
by the ground on the base AB of the dam, (b) the point of application
of the resultant of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure forces
exerted by the water on the face BC of the dam.
SOLUTION
The free body shown consists of a 1-m thick section of the dam and the triangular section of water above
the dam.
Note: x1 ý 6 m
x2 ý (9 û 3) m ý 12 m
x3 ý ø15 û 2 ù m ý 17 m
x4 ý ø15 û 4 ù m ý 19 m
(a) Now W ý ÷V
ù1 ù
So that W1 ý (2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) ú (9 m) ø15 mù(1 m)ú ý 1589,22 kN
û2 û
W2 ý (2.4 ô 10 kg/m )(9.81 m/s ) [(6 m)(18 m)(1 m )] ý 2542.75 kN
3 3 2
ù1 ù
W3 ý (2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) ú ø 6 mù ø18 mù (1 m )ú ý 1271.38 kN
û 2 û
ù 1 ù
W3 ý (1 ô 10 3 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2) ú ø 6 mù ø18 mù (1 m)ú ý 529.74 kN
û2 û
1 1
Also Pý Ap ý [(18 m)(1 m)][ (1 ô 10 3 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2) (18 m)] ý 1589.22 kN
2 2
Then Fx ý 0: H ý 1589.22 kN ý 0 or H ý 1589.2 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Fy ý 0: V ý1589.22 kN ý 2542.75 kN ý 1271.38 kN ý 529.74 kN ý 0
or V ý 5933.1 kN V ý 5933.1 kN 
(b) We have M A ý 0: x(5933.1 kN) ý (6 m)(1589.22 kN) ý (12 m)(2542.75 kN)

ý(17 m)(1271.38 kN) ý (19 m)(529.74 kN)
+(6 m)(1589.22 kN) ý 0
or 5933.1 x ý 9535.3 ý 30513 ý 21613.5 ý 10065.1 û 9535.3 ý 0

or x ý 10.48 m 
(c) Consider water section BCD as the free body
We have  F ý 0 , W4 ý 529.74 kN, P ý 1589.22 kN
Then ýR ý 1675.2 kN 18.43Ā or R ý 1675.2 kN 18.43Ā 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.81
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a 1-m-wide

dam section, determine (a) the resultant of the reaction forces
exerted by the ground on the base AB of the dam, (b) the point of
application of the resultant of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure
forces exerted by the water on the face BC of the dam.
SOLUTION
(a) Consider free body made of dam and section BDE of water. (Thickness ý 1 m)
p ý (3 m)(10 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 )
W1 ý (1.5 m)(4 m)(1 m)(2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 ) ý 144.26 kN

1
W2 ý (2 m)(3 m)(1 m)(2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 ) ý 47.09 kN
3
2
W3 ý (2 m)(3 m)(1 m)(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 ) ý 39.24 kN
3
1 1
P ý Ap ý (3 m)(1 m)(3 m)(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 ) ý 44.145 kN
2 2
Fx ý 0: H ý 44.145 kN ý 0
H ý 44.145 kN H ý 44.1 kN 
Fy ý 0: V ý 141.26 ý 47.09 ý 39.24 ý 0
V ý 227.6 kN V ý 228 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
1
x1 ý (1.5 m) ý 0.75 m
2
1
x2 ý 1.5 m û (2 m) ý 2 m
4
5
x3 ý 1.5 m û (2 m) ý 2.75 m
8
M A ý 0: xV ý  xW û P (1 m) ý 0
x(227.6 kN) ý (141.26 kN)(0.75 m) ý (47.09 kN)(2 m)

ý (39.24 kN)(2.75 m) û (44.145 kN)(1 m) ý 0
x(227.6 kN) ý 105.9 ý 94.2 ý 107.9 û 44.145 ý 0
x(227.6) ý 263.9 ý 0
x ý 1.159 m (to right of A) 
(b) Resultant of face BC:
Consider free body of section BDE of water.
ýR ý 59.1 kN 41.6Ā
R ý 59.1 kN 41.6Ā 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.82
The dam for a lake is designed to withstand the additional force caused by
silt that has settled on the lake bottom. Assuming that silt is equivalent to
a liquid of density ò s ý 1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 and considering a 1-m-wide
section of dam, determine the percentage increase in the force acting on
the dam face for a silt accumulation of depth 2 m.
SOLUTION
First, determine the force on the dam face without the silt.
1 1
We have Pw ý Apw ý A( ò gh)
2 2
1
ý [(6.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(6.6 m)]
2
ý 213.66 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt
1
We have Pwò ý [(4.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(4.6 m)]
2
ý 103.790 kN
( Ps ) I ý [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(4.6 m)]
ý 90.252 kN
1
( Ps )II ý [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(2.0 m)]
2
ý 34.531 kN
Then P ò ý Pwò û ( Ps ) I û ( Ps )II ý 228.57 kN
The percentage increase, % inc., is then given by
P ò ý Pw
% inc. ý ô 100%
Pw
(228.57 ý 213.66)
ý ô 100%
213.66
ý 6.9874% % inc. ý 6.98% 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.83
The base of a dam for a lake is designed to resist up to 120% of the

horizontal force of the water. After construction, it is found that silt (that is
equivalent to a liquid of density ò s ý 1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 ) is settling on the
lake bottom at the rate of 12 mm/year. Considering a 1-m-wide section of
dam, determine the number of years until the dam becomes unsafe.
SOLUTION
First determine force on dam without the silt,

1 1
Pw ý Apw ý A( ò gh)
2 2
1
ý [(6.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(6.6 m)]
2
ý 213.66 kN
Pallow ý 1.2 Pw ý (1.5)(213.66 kN) ý 256.39 kN
Next determine the force Pò on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
1
We have Pwò ý [(6.6 ý d ) m ô (1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(6.6 ý d ) m]
2
ý 4.905(6.6 ý d )2 kN
( Ps ) I ý [d (1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(6.6 ý d ) m]
ý 9.81(6.6d ý d 2 ) kN
1
( Ps ) II ý [d (1 m)][(1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(d ) m]
2
ý 8.6328d 2 kN
Pò ý Pwò û ( Ps ) I û ( Ps )II ý [4.905(43.560 ý 13.2000d û d 2 )

û 9.81(6.6d ý d 2 ) û 8.6328d 2 ] kN
ý [3.7278d 2 û 213.66] kN
Now it’s required that P ò ý Pallow to determine the maximum value of d.
(3.7278d 2 û 213.66) kN ý 256.39 kN

or d ý 3.3856 m
m
Finally, 3.3856 m ý 12 ô 10ý3 ôN or N ý 282 years 
year
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.84
An automatic valve consists of a 225 × 225-mm square plate that is
pivoted about a horizontal axis through A located at a distance
h = 90 mm above the lower edge. Determine the depth of water d for
which the valve will open.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram:
0.09 m
Note that valve opens when B = 0.

Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
( )( )
p1 = 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 ( d − 0.225 m) = (9810d − 2207.3) N/m2
p2 = (103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) ( d ) = (9810d ) N/m2
Force P1 and P2:

1 1
P1 = p A = (9810d − 2207.3) N/m2  (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2 1 2
= (248.32d − 55.872) N
1 1
P2 = p2 A = (9810d ) N/m2  (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2 2
= (248.32d ) N
ΣM A = 0: − (0.15 − 0.09) m (248.32d − 55.872) N + (0.09 − 0.075) m (248.32d ) N = 0
Thus d = 0.30000 m, or d = 300 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5. 85
An automatic valve consists of a 225 × 225-mm square plate that is
pivoted about a horizontal axis through A. If the valve is to open when
the depth of water is d = 450 mm, determine the distance h from the
bottom of the valve to the pivot A.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram:
Note that valve opens when B = 0.

Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
( )( )
p1 = 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 (0.225 m) = 2207.3 N/m2
p2 = (103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) (0.450 m) = 4414.5 N/m2
Force P1 and P2:
P1 =
1 1
( )
p A = 2207.3 N/m2 (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2 1 2
= 55.872 N
P2 =
1
2
1
( )
p2 A = 4414.5 N/m2 (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2
= 111.742 N
ΣM A = 0: − (0.15 − h) m (55.872 N) + ( h − 0.075) m (111.742 N) = 0
Solving for h: h = 0.1 m, or
h = 100.0 mm t
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.86
The 3 ô 4-m side AB of a tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by a
thin rod BC. The maximum tensile force the rod can withstand without breaking
is 200 kN, and the design specifications require the force in the rod not to exceed
20 percent of this value. If the tank is slowly filled with water, determine the
maximum allowable depth of water d in the tank.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.
1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gd )
2 2
d
Now M A ý 0: hT ý Pý0
3
where hý3m
Then for d max ,
d max ù 1 ù
(3 m)(0.2 ô 200 ô 103 N) ý ú (4 m ô d max ) ô (103 kg/m3 ô 9.81 m/s 2 ô d max ) ú ý 0
3 û2 û
or 120 N  m ý 6.54d max

3
N/m2 ý 0
or d max ý 2.64 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.87
The 3 ô 4-m side of an open tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by
a thin rod BC. The tank is to be filled with glycerine, whose density is 1263
kg/m3. Determine the force T in the rod and the reactions at the hinge after the
tank is filled to a depth of 2.9 m.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.
1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý [(2.9 m)(4 m)] [(1263 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(2.9 m)]
2
= 208.40 kN
Then Fy ý 0: Ay ý 0
ö 2.9 ö
M A ý 0: (3 m)T ý ÷ m ÷ (208.4 kN) ý 0
ø 3 ø
or T ý 67.151 kN T ý 67.2 kN 
Fx ý 0: Ax û 208.40 kN ý 67.151 kN ý 0
or Ax ý ý141.249 kN A ý 141.2 kN 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.88
A 0.5 ô 0.8-m gate AB is located at the bottom of a tank filled with

water. The gate is hinged along its top edge A and rests on a
frictionless stop at B. Determine the reactions at A and B when cable
BCD is slack.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate.

1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gh)
2 2
1
so that PI ý [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)] ô [(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.45 m)]
2
ý 882.9 N
1
PII ý [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)] ô [(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.93 m)]
2
ý 1824.66 N
Reactions at A and B when T ý 0:
We have
1 2
M A ý 0: (0.8 m)(882.9 N) + (0.8 m)(1824.66 N) ý (0.8 m)B ý 0
3 3
or B ý 1510.74 N
or B ý 1511 N 53.1Ā 
F ý 0: A û 1510.74 N ý 882.9 N ý 1824.66 N ý 0
or A ý 1197 N 53.1Ā 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.89
A 0.5 ô 0.8-m gate AB is located at the bottom of a tank filled with

water. The gate is hinged along its top edge A and rests on a
frictionless stop at B. Determine the minimum tension required in
cable BCD to open the gate.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate.

1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gh)
2 2
1
so that PI ý [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)] ô [(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.45 m)]
2
ý 882.9 N
1
PII ý [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)] ô [(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.93 m)]
2
T to open gate: ý 1824.66 N
First note that when the gate begins to open, the reaction at B 0.
1 2
Then M A ý 0: (0.8 m)(882.9 N) + (0.8 m)(1824.66 N)
3 3
ö 8 ö
ý(0.45 û 0.27)m ô ÷ T ÷ ý 0
ø 17 ø
or 235.44 û 973.152 ý 0.33882 T ý 0
or T ý 3570 N 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.90
A
A 1.2 × 0.6-m gate is hinged at A and is held in position by rod CD.
d End D rests against a spring whose constant is 12 kN/m. The spring
0.9 m
1.2 m
C
D is undeformed when the gate is vertical. Assuming that the force
B
exerted by rod CD on the gate remains horizontal, determine the
minimum depth of water d for which the bottom B of the gate will
move to the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor.
0.6 m
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor
0.6
We have sin q = q = 30°
1.2
Then xSP = (0.9 m) tan30°
and FSP = kxSP
= 12 kN/m × 0.9 m × tan30°
= 6235 N
Assume d $ 1.2 m
1 1
We have P= Ap = A(γ h)
2 2
1
Then PI = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2)m]
2
= 3532(d − 1.2)N
1
PII = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2 + 1.2 cos30°)]
2
= 3532(d − 0.1608)N
For d min so that gate opens, W =0
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
ΣM A = 0: (0.4 m)[3532(d − 1.2)N] + (0.8 m)[3532(d − 0.1608)N]
−(0.9 m)(6235 N) = 0
or (1412.8d − 1695.4) + (2825.6d − 454.4) − 5611.5 = 0
or d = 1.83 m
d $ 1.2 m assumption correct d = 1.83 m
652
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.91
Solve Problem 5.9 0 if the gate weighs 5 kN.

A
d PROBLEM 5.90 A 1.2 × 0.6-m gate is hinged at A a nd is held in
0.9 m position by rod CD. End D rests against a spring whose constant is
1.2 m D
C 12 kN/m. The spring is undeformed when the gate is vertical.
B Assuming that the force exerted by rod CD on the gate remains
horizontal, determine the minimum depth of water d for which the
0.6 m bottom B of the gate will move to the end of the cylindrical portion
of the floor.
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor
0.6
We have sin q = q = 30°
1.2
Then xSP = (0.9 m) tan30°
and FSP = kxSP = 12 kN/m × 0.9 m × tan30°
= 6235 N
Assume d $ 1.2 m
1 1
We have P= Ap = A(γ h)
2 2
1
Then PI = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2)m]
2
= 3532(d − 1.2)N
1
PII = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2 + 1.2 cos30°)]
2
= 3532(d − 0.1608)N
For d min so that gate opens, W = 5000 N
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
ΣM A = 0: (0.4 m)[3532(d − 1.2)N] + (0.8 m)[3532(d − 0.1608)N]
−(0.9 m)(6235 N) − (0.3 m)(5000 N) = 0

or (1412.8d − 1695.4) + (2825.6d − 454.4) − 5611.5 − 1500 = 0
or d = 2.185 m
d $ 1.2 m assumption correct d = 2.19 m
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.92
A prismatically shaped gate placed at the end of a freshwater channel is

supported by a pin and bracket at A and rests on a frictionless support at
B. The pin is located at a distance h ý 0.10 m below the center of gravity
C of the gate. Determine the depth of water d for which the gate will
open.
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), By 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
aý
ý (0.25 ý h)
3
2 8 ödö
and b ý (0.4) ý ÷ ÷
3 15 ø 3 ø
a 8
Now ý
b 15
d
ý (0.25 ý h) 8
so that 3
ý
2
3 ø ù
(0.4) ý 158 d3 15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d û 15h ý (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
1 1
Now Pò ý Apò ý (d ô 1 m)( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý ò gd (N)
2
2
ö1 8 ö
W ò ý ò gV ý ò g ÷ ô d ô d ô 1 m ÷
ø 2 15 ø
4
ý ò gd 2 (N)
15
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Then with By ý 0 (as explained above), we have

ù2 1 ö 8 öù ö 4 ö ùd ùö 1 ö
M A ý 0: ú (0.4) ý ÷ d ÷ ú ÷ ò gd 2 ÷ ý ú ý (0.25 ý h) ú ÷ ò gd 2 ÷ ý 0
û 3 3 ø 15 øû ø 15 ø û 3 ûø 2 ø
289 70.6
Simplifying yields d û 15h ý
45 12
as above.
Find d: h ý 0.10 m
289 70.6
Substituting into Eq. (1), d û 15(0.10) ý or d ý 0.683 m 
45 12
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.93
A prismatically shaped gate placed at the end of a freshwater channel is

supported by a pin and bracket at A and rests on a frictionless support at
B. Determine the distance h if the gate is to open when d ý 0.75 m.
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), By 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
aý
ý (0.25 ý h)
3
2 8 ödö
and b ý (0.4) ý ÷ ÷
3 15 ø 3 ø
a 8
Now ý
b 15
d
ý (0.25 ý h) 8
so that 3
ý
2
3 ø ù
(0.4) ý 158 d3 15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d û 15h ý (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
1 1
Now Pò ý Apò ý (d ô 1 m)( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý ò gd (N)
2
2
ö1 8 ö
W ò ý ò gV ý ò g ÷ ô d ô d ô 1 m ÷
ø 2 15 ø
4
ý ò gd 2 (N)
15
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Then with By ý 0 (as explained above), we have

ù2 1 ö 8 öù ö 4 ö ùd ùö 1 ö
M A ý 0: ú (0.4) ý ÷ d ÷ ú ÷ ò gd 2 ÷ ý ú ý (0.25 ý h) ú ÷ ò gd 2 ÷ ý 0
û3 3 ø 15 ø û ø 15 ø û3 ûø 2 ø
289 70.6
Simplifying yields d û 15h ý
45 12
as above.
Find h: d ý 0.75 m
289 70.6
Substituting into Eq. (1), (0.75) û 15h ý or h ý 0.0711 m 
45 12
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.94
0.5 m
0.5 m A long trough is supported by a continuous hinge along its

lower edge and by a series of horizontal cables attached to
0.5 m its upper edge. Determine the tension in each of the cables,
at a time when the trough is completely full of water.
r = 0.6 m
SOLUTION
Consider free body consisting of 0.5 m length of the trough and water
l = 0.5 m length of free body
π
W =γv =γ r 2l
4
PA = γ r
1 1 1
P= PA rl = (γ r )rl = γ r 2l
2 2 2
1
ΣM A = 0: Tr − Wr − P r =0
3
π 4r 1 1
Tr − γ r 2l − γ r 2l r =0
4 3π 2 3
1 1 1
T = γ r 2l + γ r 2l = γ r 2l
3 6 2
Data: γ = 9810 N/m3 r = 0.6 m l = 0.5 m
1
Then T= (9810 N/m3)(0.6 m)2(0.5 m)
2
= 882.9 N T = 883 N
651
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5. 95
The square gate AB is held in the position shown by hinges along its top edge A
d
A and by a shear pin at B. For a depth of water d = 3.5 m, determine the force
exerted on the gate by the shear pin.
1.8 m B
30˚
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate. We have
1
P= Ap
2
1
= A(γ h)
2
1
Then PI = (1.8 m)2(9810 N/m3)(1.7 m)
2
= 27017 N
1
PII = (1.8 m)2 (9810 N/m3) × (1.7 + 1.8 cos 30°)m
2
= 51790 N
1 2
Now ΣM A = 0: LAB PI + LAB PII − LAB FB = 0
3 3
1 2
or (27017 N) + (51790 N) − FB = 0
3 3
or FB = 43532 N FB = 43.5 kN 30.0°
728
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.96
Consider the composite body shown. Determine (a) the

value of x when h ý L/2, (b) the ratio h/L for which
x ý L.
SOLUTION
V x xV
Rectangular 1 1 2
Lab L L ab
prism 2 2
1 öbö 1 1 ö 1 ö
Pyramid a÷ ÷h Lû h abh ÷ L û h ÷
3 ø2ø 4 6 ø 4 ø
ö 1 ö
Then V ý ab ÷ L û h ÷
ø 6 ø
1 ù ö 1 öù
 xV ý ab ú3L2 û h ÷ L û h ÷ ú
6 û ø 4 øû
Now X V ý  xV
ù ö 1 öù 1 ö 1 ö
so that X ú ab ÷ L û h ÷ ú ý ab ÷ 3L2 û hL û h 2 ÷
û ø 6 øû 6 ø 4 ø
ö 1 hö 1 ö h 1 h2 ö
or X ÷1 û ÷ ý L ÷÷ 3 û û ÷ (1)
ø 6 Lø 6 ø L 4 L2 ÷ø
1
(a) X ý ? when h ý L.
2
h 1
Substituting ý into Eq. (1),
L 2
ù 1 ö 1 öù 1 ù ö 1 ö 1 ö 1 ö ù
2
X ú1 û ÷ ÷ ú ý L ú3 û ÷ ÷ û ÷ ÷ ú
û 6 ø 2 ø û 6 úû ø 2 ø 4 ø 2 ø úû
57
or Xý L X ý 0.548 L 
104
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
h
(b) ý ? when X ý L.
L
ö 1 hö 1 ö h 1 h2 ö
Substituting into Eq. (1), L ÷1 û ÷ ý L ÷ 3 û û ÷÷
ø 6 L ø 6 ÷ø L 4 L2 ø
1 h 1 1 h 1 h2
or 1û ý û û
6 L 2 6 L 24 L2
h2 h
or ý 12 ý2 3 
L2 L
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.97
Determine the location of the centroid of the composite body shown

when (a) h ý 2b, (b) h ý 2.5b.
SOLUTION
V x xV
1 1 2 2
Cylinder I ð a 2b b ða b
2 2
1 2 1 1 2 ö 1 ö
Cone II ða h bû h ð a h÷b û h÷
3 4 3 ø 4 ø
ö 1 ö
V ý ð a2 ÷ b û h ÷
ø 3 ø
ö1 1 1 ö
 xV ý ð a 2 ÷ b 2 û hb û h 2 ÷
ø2 3 12 ø
ù 1 ù 5
(a) For h ý 2b, V ý ð a 2 úb û (2b) ú ý ð a 2 b
û 3 û 3
ù1 1 1 ù
 xV ý ð a 2 ú b 2 û (2b)b û (2b)2 ú
û2 3 12 û
ù1 2 1ù 3
ý ð a 2b 2 ú û û ú ý ð a 2b 2
û 2 3 3û 2
ö5 ö 3 9
XV ý  xV : X ÷ ð a 2 b ÷ ý ð a 2 b 2 Xý b
ø3 ø 2 10
Centroid is 1
10
b to the left of base of cone. 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
ù 1 ù
(b) For h ý 2.5b, V ý ð a 2 úb û (2.5b) ú ý 1.8333ð a 2 b
û 3 û
ù1 1 1 ù
 xV ý ð a 2 ú b 2 û (2.5b)b û (2.5b) 2 ú
û 2 3 12 û
ý ð a 2 b 2 [0.5 û 0.8333 û 0.52083]
ý 1.85416ð a 2 b 2
XV ý  xV : X (1.8333ð a 2b) ý 1.85416ð a 2b2 X ý 1.01136b

Centroid is 0.01136b to the right of base of cone. 
Note: Centroid is at base of cone for h ý 6b ý 2.449b. 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.98
The composite body shown is formed by removing a semiellipsoid

of revolution of semimajor axis h and semiminor axis a/2 from a
hemisphere of radius a. Determine (a) the y coordinate of the
centroid when h ý a/2, (b) the ratio h/a for which y ý ý0.4a.
SOLUTION
V y yV
2 3 3 1
Hemisphere ða ý a ý ð a4
3 8 4
2
2 öaö 1 3 1
Semiellipsoid ý ð ÷ ÷ h ý ý ð a2h ý h û ð a 2 h2
3 ø2ø 6 8 16
ð
Then V ý a 2 (4a ý h)
6
ð
 yV ý ý a 2 (4a 2 ý h 2 )
16
Now Y V ý  yV
ùð ù ð
So that Y ú a 2 (4a ý h) ú ý ý a 2 (4a 2 ý h 2 )
û6 û 16
3 ù öhö ù
2
ö hö
or Y ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú4 ý ÷ ÷ ú (1)
ø aø 8 úû ø a ø úû
a
(a) Y ý ? when hý
2
h 1
Substituting ý into Eq. (1)
a 2
3 ù ö1ö ù
2
ö 1ö
Y ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú4 ý ÷ ÷ ú
ø 2ø 8 úû ø 2 ø úû
45
or Y ýý a Y ý ý0.402a 
112
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
h
(b) ý ? when Y ý ý0.4a
a
Substituting into Eq. (1)
3 ù öhö ù
2
ö hö
(ý0.4a) ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú 4 ý ÷ ÷ ú
ø aø 8 ûú ø a ø ûú
2
öhö öhö
or 3 ÷ ÷ ý 3.2 ÷ ÷ û 0.8 ý 0
øaø øaø
h 3.2 ā ( ý3.2) ý 4(3)(0.8)

2
Then ý
a 2(3)
3.2 ā 0.8 h 2 h 2
ý or ý and ý 
6 a 5 a 3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.99
Locate the centroid of the frustum of a right circular cone when r1 = 40 mm,
r2 = 50 mm, and h = 60 mm.
SOLUTION
By similar triangles:
h1 h1 û 60
ý h1 ý 240 mm, therefore h2 ý 240 û 60 ý 300 mm
40 50
1 300 1 240
y1 ý h2 ý ý 75 mm y2 ý 60 û h1 ý 60 û ý 120 mm
4 4 4 4
ð ð
V1 ý ø 50 ù2 ø 300 ù ý 250 ô 103 ð V2 ý ø 40 ù2 ø 240 ù ý 128 ô 103 ð
3 3
V mm3 y mm yV mm4
250 ô 103 ð
Triangle 1 75 18.75 ô 106 ð
Triangle 2 ý128 ô 103 ð 120 ý15.36 ô 106 ð
 122 ô 103 ð
3.39 ô 106 ð
Y V ý yV
ø ù
Y 122 ô 103 ð ý 3.39 ô 106 ð
Y ý 27.787 mm Centroid is 27.8 mm above base of cone. 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.100
For the machine element shown, locate the x coordinate of

the center of gravity.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
V, mm3 x , mm z , mm x V , mm4 zV , mm4

(10)(90)(38) ý 34.2 ô 103
I Rectangular plate 19 45 649.8 ô 103 1539 ô 103
ð
(20) 2 (10) ý 6.2832 ô 103
II Half cylinder 2 46.5 20 292.17 ô 103 125.664 ô 103
ýð (12)2 (10) ý ý4.5239 ô 103

III –(Cylinder) 38 20 ý171.908 ô 103 ý90.478 ô 103
(30)(10)(24) ý 7.2 ô 103

IV Rectangular prism 5 78 36 ô 103 561.6 ô 103
1
(30)(9)(24) ý 3.24 ô 103
V Triangular prism 2 13 78 42.12 ô 103 252.72 ô 103
 46.399 ô 103 848.18 ô 103 2388.5 ô 103
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
X V ý  xV
 xV 848.18 ô 103 mm 4
Xý ý X ý 18.28 mm 
V 46.399 ô 103 mm3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.101
For the machine element shown, locate the z coordinate of

the center of gravity.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
V, mm3 x , mm z , mm x V , mm4 zV , mm4

(10)(90)(38) ý 34.2 ô 103
I Rectangular plate 19 45 649.8 ô 103 1539 ô 103
ð
(20) 2 (10) ý 6.2832 ô 103
II Half cylinder 2 46.5 20 292.17 ô 103 125.664 ô 103
ýð (12)2 (10) ý ý4.5239 ô 103

III –(Cylinder) 38 20 ý171.908 ô 103 ý90.478 ô 103
IV Rectangular prism (30)(10)(24) ý 7.2 ô 103 5 78 36 ô 103 561.6 ô 103

1
(30)(9)(24) ý 3.24 ô 103
V Triangular prism 2 13 78 42.12 ô 103 252.72 ô 103
 46.399 ô 103 848.18 ô 103 2388.5 ô 103
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Z V ý  zV
 zV 2388.5 ô 103 mm 4
Zý ý Z ý 51.5 mm 
V 46.399 ô 103 mm3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.102
2 cm 1 cm
2 cm For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate of the
center of gravity.
3 cm 2 cm
r = 1.25 cm
r = 1.25 cm
x
0.75 cm
z 2 cm
2 cm
SOLUTION
For half cylindrical hole:
r = 1.25 cm
4(1.25)
yIII = 2 −
3π
= 1.470 cm
For half cylindrical plate: r = 2 cm

4( 2)
zIV = 7 + = 7.85 cm
3π
V, cm3 y , cm z , cm yV , cm4 z V , cm4

I Rectangular plate (7)(4)(0.75) = 21.0 –0.375
– 3.5 –7.875 73.50
II Rectangular plate (4)(2)(1) = 8.0 1.0 2 8.000 16.00
π
III –(Half cylinder) − (1.25) 2 (1) = – 2.454 1.470 2 –3.607 –4.908
2
π
IV Half cylinder (2) 2 (0.75) = 4.712 –0.375 7.85 –1.767 36.99
2
V –(Cylinder) −π (1.25) 2 (0.75) = −3.682 –0.375 7 1.381 –25.77
Σ 27.58 –3.868 95.81
Y ΣV = Σ yV
Y (27.58 cm3) = −3.868 cm4 Y = −0.1403 cm
668
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.103
2 cm 1 cm
2 cm For the machine element shown, locate the z coordinate of the
center of gravity.
3 cm 2 cm
r = 1.25 cm
r = 1.25 cm
x
0.75 cm
z 2 cm
2 cm
SOLUTION
For half cylindrical hole:
r = 1.25 cm
4(1.25)
yIII = 2 −
3π
= 1.470 cm
For half cylindrical plate: r = 2 cm

4( 2)
zIV = 7 + = 7.85 cm
3π
V, cm3 y , cm z , cm yV , cm4 z V , cm4

I Rectangular plate (7)(4)(0.75) = 21.0 –0.375 3.5 –7.875 73.50
II Rectangular plate (4)(2)(1) = 8.0 1.0 2 8.000 16.00
π
III –(Half cylinder) − (1.25) 2 (1) = – 2.454 1.470 2 –3.607 –4.908
2
π
IV Half cylinder (2) 2 (0.75) = 4.712 –0.375 7.85 –1.767 36.99
2
V –(Cylinder) −π
(1.25) 2 (0.75) = −3.682 –0.375 7 1.381 –25.77
Σ 27.58 –3.868 95.81
Now Z ΣV = z V
Z (27.58 cm3) = 95.81 cm4 Z = 3.47 cm
289
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.104
For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate of the

center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V , mm3 x , mm y , mm x V, mm4 yV, mm4
I (120)(100)(10) ý 120 ô 103 5 -50 0.60 ô 106 ý6.00 ô 106
II (120)(50)(10) ý 60 ô 103 35 -5 2.10 ô 106 ý0.30 ô 106
III 85.5 -5 4.8349 ô 106 ý0.28274 ô 106

ð
(60) (10) ý 56.549 ô 10
2 3
2
IV ð (40)2 (10) ý 50.266 ô 103 60 5 3.0160 ô 106 0.25133 ô 106
ýð ø 30 ù ø10 ù ý ý28.274 ô 103

2
V 5 -50 ý0.141370 ô 106 1.41370 ô 106
 258.54 ô 103 10.4095 ô 106 ý4.9177 ô 106
We have Y V ý  yV
Y (258.54 ô 103 mm3 ) ý ý4.9177 ô 106 mm4 or Y ý ý19.02 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.105
For the machine element shown, locate the x coordinate of the

center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V , mm3 x , mm y , mm x V, mm4 yV, mm4
I (120)(100)(10) ý 120 ô 103 5 -50 0.60 ô 106 ý6.00 ô 106
II (120)(50)(10) ý 60 ô 103 35 -5 2.10 ô 106 ý0.30 ô 106
III 85.5 -5 4.8349 ô 106 ý0.28274 ô 106

ð
(60) (10) ý 56.549 ô 10
2 3
2
IV ð (40)2 (10) ý 50.266 ô 103 60 5 3.0160 ô 106 0.25133 ô 106
ýð ø 30 ù ø10 ù ý ý28.274 ô 103

2
V 5 -50 ý0.141370 ô 106 1.41370 ô 106
 258.54 ô 103 10.4095 ô 106 ý4.9177 ô 106
We have X V ý  xV
Y (258.54 ô 10 mm3 ) ý 10.4095 ô 106 mm4
3
or X ý 40.3 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.106
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown.
SOLUTION
First assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area. Now note that symmetry implies
X ý 125.0 mm 
2 ô 80
yII ý 150 û
ð
ý 200.93 mm
2 ô 80
zII ý
ð
ý 50.930 mm
4 ô 125
yIII ý 230 û
3ð
ý 283.05 mm
A, mm2 y , mm z , mm yA, mm3 zA, mm3

I (250)(170) ý 42500 75 40 3187500 1700000
ð
II (80)(250) ý 31416 200.93 50930 6312400 1600000
2
ð
III (125) 2 ý 24544 283.05 0 6947200 0
2
 98460 16447100 3300000
We have Y  A ý  y A: Y (98460 mm2 ) ý 16447100 mm3 or Y ý 167.0 mm 
Z  A ý  z A: Z (98460 mm2 ) ý 3.300 ô 106 mm3 or Z ý 33.5 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.107
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area.
1
yI ý ý (1.2) ý ý0.4 m
3
1
zI ý (3.6) ý 1.2 m
3
4(1.8) 2.4
xIII ý ý ýý m
3ð ð
A, m2 x, m y, m z, m xA, m3 yA, m3 zA, m3

1
I (3.6)(1.2) ý 2.16 1.5 ý0.4 1.2 3.24 ý0.864 2.592
2
II (3.6)(1.7) ý 6.12 0.75 0.4 1.8 4.59 2.448 11.016
ð 2.4
III (1.8) 2 ý 5.0894 ý 0.8 1.8 ý3.888 4.0715 9.1609
2 ð
 13.3694 3.942 5.6555 22.769
We have X V ý  xV : X (13.3694 m2 ) ý 3.942 m3 or X ý 0.295 m 
Y V ý  yV : Y (13.3694 m2 ) ý 5.6555 m3 or Y ý 0.423 m 
Z V ý  zV : Z (13.3694 m2 ) ý 22.769 m3 or Z ý 1.703 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.108
A corner reflector for tracking by radar has two sides in the

shape of a quarter circle with a radius of 15 cm and one side in
the shape of a triangle. Locate the center of gravity of the
reflector, knowing that it is made of sheet metal of uniform
thickness.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, X ýZ
4r 4(15)
For I and II (Quarter-circle ), ý
x ý
y ý ý 6.3662 cm
3ð 3ð
ð ð
Aý r2 ý (15) 2 ý 1.76715 cm2
4 4
A, cm2 x , cm x , cm xA, cm 3 yA, cm3

I 176.715 6.3662 6.3662 1125.0 1125.0
II 176.715 0 6.3662 0 1125.0
1
III
ø15 ù2 ý 112.50 5.0 0 562.50 0
2
 465.93 1687.50 2250.0
X  A ý  xA: X (465.93 cm2 ) ý 1687.50 cm3

Xý Zý 3.62 cm 
Y  A ý  yA: Y (465.93 cm 2 ) ý 2250.0 cm3

Y ý 4.83 cm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.109
10 cm
10 cm A wastebasket, designed to fit in the corner of a room, is 16 cm high
and has a base in the shape of a quarter circle of radius 10 cm. Locate
the center of gravity of the wastebasket, knowing that it is made of
sheet metal of uniform thickness.
16 cm
SOLUTION
By symmetry: X =Z
2r 2(10)
For III (Cylindrical surface) x= = = 6.3662 cm
π π
π π
A= rh = (10)(16) = 251.33 cm2
2 2
4r 4(10)
For IV (Quarter-circle bottom) x= = = 4.2441 cm
3π 3π
π π
A= r2 = (10) 2 = 78.540 cm2
4 4

I (10)(16) = 160 5 8 800 1280
II (10)(16) = 160 0 8 0 1280
III 251.33 6.3662 8 1600.0 2010.6
IV 78.540 4.2441 0 333.33 0
Σ 649.87 2733.3 4570.6
X Σ A = Σ x A: X (649.87 cm2) = 2733.3 cm3

X = 4.2059 cm X = Z = 4.21 cm
Y Σ A = Σ y A: Y (649.87 cm2) = 4570.6 cm3

Y = 7.0331 cm Y = 7.03 cm
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.110
An elbow for the duct of a ventilating system is made of sheet

metal of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the
elbow.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the duct coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Also, note that the shape of the duct implies
Y ý 38.0 mm 
2
Note that xI ý zI ý 400 ý (400) ý 145.352 mm
ð
2
xII ý 400 ý (200) ý 272.68 mm
ð
2
zII ý 300 ý (200) ý 172.676 mm
ð
4
xIV ý zIV ý 400 ý (400) ý 230.23 mm
3ð
4
xV ý 400 ý (200) ý 315.12 mm
3ð
4
zV ý 300 ý (200) ý 215.12 mm
3ð
Also note that the corresponding top and bottom areas will contribute equally when determining x and z .
Thus, A, mm2 x , mm z , mm xA, mm3 zA, mm3

ð
I (400)(76) ý 47, 752 145.352 145.352 6,940,850 6,940,850
2
ð
II (200)(76) ý 23,876 272.68 172.676 6,510,510 4,122,810
2
III 100(76) ý 7600 200 350 1,520,000 2,660,000
öð ö
IV 2 ÷ ÷ (400)2 ý 251,327 230.23 230.23 57,863,020 57,863,020
ø4ø
öð ö
V ý2 ÷ ÷ (200) 2 ý ý62,832 315.12 215.12 –19,799,620 –13,516,420
ø4ø
VI ý2(100)(200) ý ý40,000 300 350 –12,000,000 –14,000,000
 227,723 41,034,760 44,070,260
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
We have X  A ý  xA: X (227,723 mm2 ) ý 41,034,760 mm3 or X ý 180.2 mm 
Z  A ý  zA: Z (227,723 mm2 ) ý 44,070, 260 mm3 or Z ý 193.5 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.111
A window awning is fabricated from sheet metal of uniform

thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the awning.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the awning coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area.
(4)(500)
yII = yVI = 80 + = 292.2 mm
3π
(4)(500)
zII = zVI = = 212.2 mm
3π
(2)(500)
yIV = 80 + = 398.3 mm
π
(2)(500)
zIV = = 318.3 mm
π
π
AII = AVI = (500)2 = 196350 mm2
4
π
AIV = (500)(680) = 534071 mm2
2
A, mm2 y , mm z , mm yA, mm3 zA, mm3
I (80)(500) = 40000 40 250 1.6 × 106 10 × 106
II 196350 292.2 212.2 57.4 × 106 41.67 × 106
III (80)(680) = 54400 40 500 2 .176 × 106 27.2 × 106
IV 534071 398.3 318.3 212.72 × 106 170 × 106
V (80)(500) = 40000 40 250 1.6 × 106 10 × 106
VI 196350 292.2 212.2 57.4 × 106 41.67 × 106
Σ 1.061 × 106 332.9 × 106 300.6 × 106
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Now, symmetry implies X = 340 mm
and Y Σ A = Σ y A: Y (1.061 × 106 mm2) = 332.9 × 106 mm3 or Y = 314 mm
Z Σ A = Σ z A: Z (1.061 × 106 mm2) = 300.6 × 106 mm3 or Z = 283 mm
678
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.112
r = 0.625 cm
1 cm
2.5 cm A mounting bracket for electronic components is formed from
sheet metal of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity
3 cm
0.75 cm
of the bracket.
z 6 cm
1.25 cm
0.75 cm
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the bracket coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Then (see diagram)
4(0.625)
V = 2.25 −
z
3π
= 1.98474 cm
π
AV = − (0.625) 2
2
= −0.61359 cm2
A, cm2 x , cm y , cm , cm
z xA, cm3 yA, cm3 zA, cm3
I (2.5)(6) = 15 1.25 0 3 18.75 0 45
II (1.25)(6) = 7.5 2.5 –0.625 3 18.75 –4.6875 22.5
III (0.75)(6) = 4.5 2.875 –1.25 3 12.9375 –5.625 13.5
5
IV − (3) = − 3.75 1.0 0 3.75 –3.75 0 –14.0625
4
V − 0.61359 1.0 0 1.98474 – 0.61359 0 –1.21782
Σ 22.6364 46.0739 –10.3125 65.7197
We have X Σ A = Σx A
X (22.6364 cm2) = 46.0739 cm3 or X = 2.04 cm

Y ΣA = Σy A
Y (22.6364 cm2) = −10.3125 cm3 or Y = − 0.46 cm
Z Σ A = Σz A
Z (22.6364 cm2) = 65.7197 cm3 or Z = 2.90 cm
674
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.113
A thin sheet of plastic of uniform thickness is bent to form

a desk organizer. Locate the center of gravity of the
organizer.
SOLUTION
First assume that the plastic is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the organizer will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area. Now note that symmetry implies
Z ý 30.0 mm 
2ô6
x2 ý 6 ý ý 2.1803 mm
ð
2ô6
x4 ý 36 û ý 39.820 mm
ð
2ô6
x8 ý 58 ý ý 54.180 mm
ð
2ô6
x10 ý 133 û ý 136.820 mm
ð
2ô6
y2 ý y4 ý y8 ý y10 ý 6 ý ý 2.1803 mm
ð
2ô5
y6 ý 75 û ý 78.183 mm
ð
ð
A2 ý A4 ý A8 ý A10 ý ô 6 ô 60 ý 565.49 mm 2
2
A6 ý ð ô 5 ô 60 ý 942.48 mm 2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
A, mm2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 (74)(60) ý 4440 0 43 0 190,920
2 565.49 2.1803 2.1803 1233 1233
3 (30)(60) ý 1800 21 0 37,800 0
4 565.49 39.820 2.1803 22,518 1233
5 (69)(60) ý 4140 42 40.5 173,880 167,670
6 942.48 47 78.183 44,297 73,686
7 (69)(60) ý 4140 52 40.5 215,280 167,670
8 565.49 54.180 2.1803 30,638 1233
9 (75)(60) ý 4500 95.5 0 429,750 0
10 565.49 136.820 2.1803 77,370 1233
 22,224.44 1,032,766 604,878
We have X  A ý  xA: X (22, 224.44 mm2 ) ý 1,032,766 mm3 or X ý 46.5 mm 
Y  A ý  yA: Y (22, 224.44 mm2 ) ý 604,878 mm3 or Y ý 27.2 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.114
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape
shown. Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity
will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
2 ô 2.4 4.8
x2 ý z2 ý ý m
ð ð
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m2 zL, m 2
1 2.6 1.2 0.5 0 3.12 1.3 0
ð 4.8 4.8
2 ô 2.4 ý 1.2ð 0 5.76 0 5.76
2 ð ð
3 2.4 0 0 1.2 0 0 2.88
4 1.0 0 0.5 0 0 0.5 0
 9.7699 8.88 1.8 8.64
We have X  L ý  x L : X (9.7699 m) ý 8.88 m2 or X ý 0.909 m 
Y  L ý  y L : Y (9.7699 m) ý 1.8 m2 or Y ý 0.1842 m 
Z  L ý  z L : Z (9.7699 m) ý 8.64 m2 or Z ý 0.884 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.115
The frame of a greenhouse is constructed from uniform aluminum

channels. Locate the center of gravity of the portion of the frame
r shown.
1m
0.6 m
z 0.4 m x
SOLUTION
First assume that the channels are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the frame
will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
2 × 0.6 1.2
x8 = x9 = = m
π π
2 × 0.6
y8 = y9 = 1 + = 1.382 m
π
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m2 yL, m2 zL, m2

1 0.4 0.6 0 0.2 0.24 0 0.08
2 0.6 0.3 0 0.4 0.18 0 0.24
3 1.0 0.6 0.5 0 0.6 0.5 0
4 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4
5 1.6 0 0.8 0.4 0 1.28 0.64
6 0.4 0.6 1 0.2 0.24 0.4 0.08
7 0.6 0.3 1 0.4 0.18 0.6 0.24
π 1.2
8 × 0.6 = 0.942 1.382 0 0.36 1.302 0
2 π
π 1.2
9 × 0.6 = 0.942 1.382 0.4 0.36 1.302 0.377
2 π
10 0.4 0 1.6 0.2 0 0.64 0.08
Σ 7.884 2.76 6.524 2.137
We have X Σ L = Σ x L : X (7.884 m) = 2.76 m2 or X = 0.35 m
Y Σ L = y L : Y (7.884 m) = 6.524 m2 or Y = 0.83 m
Z Σ L = z L : Z (7.884 m) = 2.137 m2 or Z = 0.27 m
685
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.116
Locate the center of gravity of the figure shown, knowing that it is

made of thin brass rods of uniform diameter.
SOLUTION
Uniform rod:
AB 2 ý (1 m)2 û (0.6 m)2 û (1.5 m)2

AB ý 1.9 m
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m2 L, m

AB 1.9 0.5 0.75 0.3 0.95 1.425 0.57
BD 0.6 1.0 0 0.3 0.60 0 0.18
DO 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.50 0 0
OA 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 1.125 0
 5.0 2.05 2.550 0.75
X  L ý  x L : X (5.0 m) ý 2.05 m2 X ý 0.410 m 
Y  L ý  y L : Y (5.0 m) ý 2.55 m2 Y ý 0.510 m 
Z  L ý  z L : Z (5.0 m) ý 0.75 m2 Z ý 0.1500 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.117
A
Locate the center of gravity of the figure shown, knowing that it is
made of thin brass rods of uniform diameter.
B 30 cm
E
D x
z r = 16 cm
SOLUTION
By symmetry: X =0
30 cm
16 cm 16 cm
L, cm y , cm z , cm yL, cm2 zL, cm2
AB 302 + 162 = 34 15 0 510 0
AD 302 + 162 = 34 15 8 510 272
AE 302 + 162 = 34 15 0 510 0
2(16)
BDE π (16) = 50.265 0 = 10.186 0 512
π
Σ 152.265 1530 784
Y ΣL = Σ y L : Y (152.265 in.) = 1530 cm2
Y = 10.048 cm Y = 10.05 cm
Z ΣL = Σ z L : Z (152.265 in.) = 784 cm2
Z = 5.149 cm Z = 5.15 cm
684
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.118
A scratch awl has a plastic handle and a steel blade and shank. Knowing that the density of plastic is
1030 kg/m3 and of steel is 7860 kg/m3, locate the center of gravity of the awl.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies Y ý Z ý 0 
5
xI ý (12.5 mm) ý 7.8125 mm
8
ö 2ð ö
WI ý (1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.0125 m)
3
ø 3 ø
ý 4.2133 ô 10ý3 kg
xII ý 52.5 mm
öð ö
WII ý (1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.025 m)2 (0.08 m)
ø4ø
ý3
ý 40.448 ô 10 kg
xIII ý 92.5 mm ý 25 mm ý 67.5 mm
öð ö
WIII ý ý(1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.0035 m)2 (0.05 m)
ø4ø
ý3
ý ý0.49549 ô 10 kg
xIV ý 182.5 mm ý 70 mm ý 112.5 mm

öð ö
WIV ý (7860 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.0035 m) 2 (0.14 m) 2 ý 10.5871 ô 10ý3 kg
ø4ø
1
xV ý 182.5 mm û (10 mm) ý 185 mm
4
öð ö
WV ý (7860 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.00175 m) 2 (0.01 m) ý 0.25207 ô 10ý3 kg
ø3ø
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
W, kg x, mm xW, kg  mm
I 4.123 ô 10ý3 7.8125 32.916 ô 10ý3
II 40.948 ô 10ý3 52.5 2123.5 ô 10ý3
III ý0.49549 ô 10ý3 67.5 ý33.447 ô 10ý3
IV 10.5871 ô 10ý3 112.5 1191.05 ô 10ý3
V 0.25207 ô 10ý3 185 46.633 ô 10ý3
 55.005 ô 10ý3 3360.7 ô 10ý3
We have X W ý  xW : X (55.005 ô 10ý3 kg) ý 3360.7 ô 10ý3 kg  mm
or X ý 61.1 mm 
(from the end of the handle)
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
22 mm PROBLEM 5.119
10 mm
A bronze bushing is mounted inside a steel sleeve. Knowing that the

densit y of bronze is 8800 kg/ m 3 and of steel is 7860 kg/ m 3 determine
the location of the center of gravity of the assembly.
20 mm
8 mm
15 mm
36 mm
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies X =Z =0
Now W = (Σ/g)V
π
yI = 4 mm WI = ( 7.86 × 9.81 × 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(36 2
)
− 152 mm2 (8 mm) = 0.519 N
π
yII = 18 mm WII = (7.86 × 9.81× 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(22 2
)
− 152 mm2 (20 mm) = 0.314 N
π
yIII = 14 mm WIII = (8 .8 × 9.81 × 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(15 2
)
− 102 mm2 (28 mm) = 0.237 N
We have Y ΣW = Σ yW
(4 mm)(0.519 N) + (18 mm)(0.314 N) + (14 mm)(0.237 N)
Y =
0.519 N + 0.314 N + 0.237 N
or Y = 10.4 mm
(above base)
688
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
1.6 cm
PROBLEM 5.120
A brass collar, of length 2.5 cm, is mounted on an aluminum rod of

length 4 cm. Locate the center of gravity of the composite body.
( Densities : brass = 8470 kg/m 3, aluminum = 2800 kg/ m3)
4 cm
2.5 cm
3 cm
SOLUTION
cm
Aluminum rod: W = γV
π
= ( 27.468 ×10−3 N/cm3) (1.6 cm)2(4 cm)
4
= 0.221 N
Brass collar: W = γV
π
= (83.091 ×10−3 N/cm3) [(3 cm)2 − (1.6 cm)2](2.5 cm)
4
= 1.051 N
Component W (N) y (cm) yW (N ⋅ cm)

Rod 0.221 2 0.442
Collar 1.051 1.25 1.314
Σ 1. 272 1.756
Y ΣW = Σ y W : Y (1.272 N) = 1.756 N ⋅ cm
Y = 1.38 cm Y = 1.38 cm
689
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.121
The three legs of a small glass-topped table are equally spaced and are
made of steel tubing, which has an outside diameter of 24 mm and a
cross-sectional area of 150 mm 2 . The diameter and the thickness of the
table top are 600 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Knowing that the
density of steel is 7860 kg/m3 and of glass is 2190 kg/m3, locate the
center of gravity of the table.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X ýZ ý0 

Also, to account for the three legs, the masses of components I and II will each bex
multiplied by three
2 ô 180 ð
yI ý 12 û 180 ý mI ý ò ST VI ý 7860 kg/m3 ô (150 ô 10ý6 m 2 ) ô (0.180 m)
ð 2
ý 77.408 mm ý 0.33335 kg
2 ô 280 ð
yII ý 12 û 180 û mII ý ò ST VII ý 7860 kg/m 3 ô (150 ô 10ý6 m 2 ) ô (0.280 m)
ð 2
ý 370.25 mm ý 0.51855 kg
ð
yIII ý 24 û 180 û 280 û 5 mIII ý òGLVIII ý 2190 kg/m3 ô (0.6 m)2 ô (0.010 m)
4
ý 489 mm
ý 6.1921 kg
m, kg y , mm ym, kg  mm
I 3(0.33335) 77.408 77.412
II 3(0.51855) 370.25 515.98
III 6.1921 489 3027.9
 8.7478 3681.3
We have Y m ý  ym: Y (8.7478 kg) ý 3681.3 kg  mm
or Y ý 420.8 mm
The center of gravity is 421 mm 
(above the floor)
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.122
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes obtained by passing a vertical
cutting plane through the given shape of Figure 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given
shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A hemisphere
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x
The equation of the generating curve is x 2 û y 2 ý a 2 so that r 2 ý a 2 ý x 2 and then
dV ý ð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx
a/2
a/2 ù x3 ù
Component 1: V1 ý  0
ð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx ý ð ú a 2 x ý
û
ú
3 û0
11 3
ý ða
24
a/2
and x
1
EL dV ý  0
x ùûð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx ùû
a/2
ù x2 x4 ù
ý ð úa 2 ý ú
û 2 4 û0
7
ý ð a4
64
ö 11 ö 7 21
Now x1V1 ý x 1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a3 ÷ ý ð a 4
ø 24 ø 64
or x1 ý
88
a 
Component 2:
a
a ù x3 ù
V2 ý 
ð (a ý x )dx ý ð ú a 2 x ý ú
2 2
a /2
û 3 û a/2
ü 3 ùü
a3 ù ú 2ö a ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù 2
a
ý ð ý ú a (a) ý ú ý a ÷ ÷ ý ý
ÿû 3 û ú ø2ø 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
5
ý ð a3
24
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a
a ù x2 x4 ù
 xEL dV ý  x ùûð (a ý x )dx ùû ý ð ú a 2 ý ú
2 2
and
2 a/2
û 2 4 û a/2
ü 4 ùü
(a)4 ù ú 2 ø 2 ù ø 2 ù úÿ
ù 2
ÿ ù 2 (a )
2 a a
ý ð ýúa ý úý a ý ý
ÿû 2 4 û ú 2 4 úÿ
þ û ûþ
9
ý ð a4
64
ö 5 ö 9 27
Now x2V2 ý  2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a3 ÷ ý ð a 4
ø 24 ø 64
or x2 ý
40
a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.123
A semiellipsoid of revolution
SOLUTION
x2 y 2
The equation of the generating curve is û ý 1 so that
h2 a 2
a2 2
r2 ý (h ý x 2 )
h2
a2 2
and then dV ý ð (h ý x 2 )dx
h2
h/2
h/2 a2 2 a2 ù 2 x3 ù
V1 ý  ð ý ý ð ý
2
Component 1: ( h x ) dx ú h x ú
0 h2 h2 û 3 û0
11 2
ý ða h
24
h/2 ù a2 ù
and 1
xEL dV ý  0
x úð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ú
û h û
h/2
a2 ù 2 x2 x4 ù
ýð úh ý ú
h2 û 2 4 û0
7
ý ð a 2 h2
64
ö 11 ö 7 21
Now x1V1 ý x
1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø 24 ø 64
or x1 ý
88
h 
h
a2 h a2 ù x3 ù
Component 2: V2 ý 
ð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ý ð 2 ú h 2 x ý ú
h/2 h h û 3 û h/2
ü 3 ùü
( h )3 ù ú 2 ö h ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù 2
h
a2
ýð 2 ýúh ø h ù ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 3 û ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
5
ý ð a2h
24
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
h ù a2 ù
and  2
xEL dV ý  h/2
x úð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ú
û h û
h
a2 ù x2 x4 ù
ý ð 2 úh2 ý ú
h û 2 4 û h/2
ü 4 ùü
(h) 4 ù ú 2 ø 2 ù ø 2 ù úÿ
ù 2
ÿ ù 2 ( h)
h h
a2 2
ýð 2 ýúh ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 2 4 û ú 2 4 úÿ
þ û û þ
9
ý ð a 2 h2
64
ö 5 ö 9 27
Now x2V2 ý  2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h2
ø 24 ø 64
or x2 ý
40
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.124
A paraboloid of revolution
SOLUTION
h 2 a2
The equation of the generating curve is x ý h ý y so that r 2
ý (h ý x).
a2 h
a2
and then dV ý ð (h ý x)dx
h
h/2 a2
Component 1: V1 ý  0
ð
h
(h ý x)dx
h/2
a2 ù x2 ù
ýð ú hx ý ú
h û 2 û0
3
ý ð a2h
8
h/2 ù a2 ù
and 1
xEL dV ý  0
x úð
û h
(h ý x)dx ú
û
h/2
a2 ù x 2 x3 ù 1
ýð úh ý ú ý ð a 2 h2
h û 2 3 û0 12
ö3 ö 1 2
Now x1V1 ý x 1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø8 ø 12
or x1 ý
9
h 
Component 2:
h
a2h a2 ù x2 ù
V2 ý
h/2ð (h ý x)dx ý ð
h h û
ú hx ý ú
2 û h/2
ü 2 ùü
( h) 2 ù ú ö h ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù
h
a2
ýð ý ú h ( h) ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 2 û ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 2 úÿ
þ û û þ
1
ý ð a2h
8
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
h
hù a2 ù a 2 ù x 2 x3 ù
and  2
xEL dV ý 
h/2
x úð
û h
(h ý x)dx ú ý ð
û
úh
h û 2
ý ú
3 û h/2
ü ù h 2 ø h ù3 ù ü
a 2 ÿ ù ( h ) 2 ( h )3 ù ú ø 2 ù ÿ
ýð ýúh ý ú ý úh ý 2 úý
h ÿû 2 3 û 2 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
1
ý ð a2 h2
12
ö1 ö 1 2
Now x2V2 ý  2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø8 ø 12
or x2 ý
3
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.125
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y ý0 

z ý0 
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x

2
1 ö 1ö
Now r ý 1 ý so that dV ý ð ÷1 ý ÷ dx
x ø xø
ö 2 1 ö
ý ð ÷1 ý û 2 ÷ dx
ø x x ø
3
3 ö 2 1 ö ù 1ù
Then Vý  1
ð ÷1 ý
ø
û
x x 2 ÷ø
dx ý ð ú x ý 2ln x ý ú
û x û1
ùö 1ö ö 1 öù
ý ð ú÷ 3 ý 2ln 3 ý ÷ ý ÷1 ý 2ln1 ý ÷ ú
ûø 3ø ø 1 øû
ý (0.46944ð ) m3
3
3 ù ö 2 1 ö ù ù x2 ù
and x EL dV ý  1
x úð ÷1 ý û 2
û ø x x ÷ ú
dx
ø û
ý ð ú
û2
ý 2 x û ln x ú
û1
üÿ ù 32 ù ù13 ù üÿ
ý ð ý ú ý 2(3) û ln 3ú ý ú ý 2(1) û ln1ú ý
þÿ û 2 û û2 û þÿ
ý (1.09861ð ) m
Now 
xV ý xEL dV : x (0.46944ð m3 ) ý 1.09861ð m4 or x ý 2.34 m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.126
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y ý0 

and z ý0 
We have y ý k ( X ý h) 2
At x ý 0, y ý a, a ý k ( ý h) 2
a
or ký
h2
dV ý ð r 2 dx, X EL ý x
a
Now rý ( x ý h) 2
h2
a2
so that dV ý ð ( x ý h)4 dx
h4
h a2 ð a2
Vý  ð ý ý [( x ý h)5 ]0h
4
Then 4
( x h ) dx 4
0 h 5h
1
ý ð a2h
5
ù a2
h ù
and  xEL dV ý
0 
x úð 4 ( x ý h)4 dx ú
û h û
2
a h 5
ýð 4
h 0 
( x ý 4hx 4 û 6h 2 x3 ý 4h3 x 2 û h 4 x)dx
h
a2 ù 1 4 3 4 1 ù
ý ð 4 ú x 6 ý hx5 û h 2 x 4 ý h3 x3 û h 4 x 2 ú
h û6 5 2 3 2 û0
1
ý ð a 2 h2
30
öð ö ð 2 2 1
Now 
xV ý xEL dV : x ÷ a 2 h ÷ ý
ø5 ø 30
a h or xý
6
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.127
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded

area about the line x ý h.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies x ýh 

z ý0 
dV ý ð r 2 dy, yEL ý y
h2 2 h 2
Now x 2 ý (a ý y 2 ) so that r ý h ý a ý y2 .
a2 a
h2
ø ù dy
2
Then dV ý ð a ý a2 ý y2
a2
h2
ø ù dy
a 2
and Vý  0
ð
a2
a ý a2 ý y2
Let y ý a sin ñ  dy ý a cos ñ dñ
h2 ð /2
øa ý ù a cosñ dñ
2
Then V ýð
a2  0
a 2 ý a 2 sin 2 ñ
h2 ð /2
ýð 2
a  0
ù a 2 ý 2a (a cos ñ ) û (a 2 ý a 2 sin 2 ñ ) ù a cos ñ dñ
û û
ð /2
ý ð ah 2  0
(2 cos ñ ý 2cos 2 ñ ý sin 2 ñ cos ñ ) dñ
ð /2
ù ö ñ sin 2ñ ö 1 3 ù
ý ð ah 2 ú 2sin ñ ý 2 ÷ û ÷ ý sin ñ ú
û ø2 4 ø 3 û0
ù ö ð ö 1ù
ý ð ah 2 ú 2 ý 2 ÷÷ 2 ÷÷ ý ú
ûú ø 2 ø 3 ûú
ý 0.095870ð ah 2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
ù h2
ø ù dy ùúû
a 2
and  yEL dV ý  0
y úð 2 a ý a 2 ý y 2
û a
ýð
h2
a2 
a
0
ø 2a y ý 2ay 2
ù
a 2 ý y 2 ý y 3 dy
a
h2 ù 2 2 2 1 4ù
ýð ú a y û 3 a (a ý y ) ý 4 y ú
2 2 3/2
a2 û û0
h2 üù 2 2 1 4 ù ù 2 2 3/2 ù ü
ýð ý ú a (a ) ý a ú ý ú a(a ) ú ý
a2 þû 4 û û3 ûþ
1
ý ð a 2 h2
12

1
Now yV ý yEL dV : y (0.095870ð ah 2 ) ý ð a 2 h 2 or y ý 0.869a 
12
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.128*
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the

portion of the sine curve shown about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y ý0 

z ý0 
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x
ðx
Now r ý b sin
2a
ðx
so that dV ý ð b 2 sin 2 dx
2a
2a ðx
Then Vý  a
ð b 2 sin 2
2a
dx
2a
ù x sin ð x ù
ý ð b ú ý ð2 a ú
2
ûú 2 2 a ûú
a
ý ð b 2 ùûø 22a ù ý ø a2 ù ùû
1
ý ð ab 2
2
2a ö ðx ö
and  xEL dV ý  a
x ÷ ð b 2 sin 2
ø 2a ÷ø
dx

ðx
uýx dV ý sin 2
2a
x sin ðax
du ý dx Vý ý 2ð
2 a
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
ü 2a ü
ÿ ù ö x sin a ö ù 2a ö x sin ðax ö ÿ
ðx
 xEL dV ý ð b ý ú x ÷ ý 2ð ÷ ú ý  ÷ ý ÷÷ ý
2
Then dx
÷ ÷ú a ÷2 2ð
ÿþ úû ø 2 a øûa ø a ø ÿþ
üù ð x ù üÿ
2a
ÿ ö 2a ö ö a öù ù 1 a2
ý ð b 2 ý ú 2a ÷ ÷ ý a ÷ ÷ ú ý ú x 2 û 2 cos ú ý
ø 2 ø ø 2 øû û 4 2ð
þÿ û
a ûa ÿ
þ
ÿüö 3 ö ù 1 a2 1 2 a 2 ù üÿ
ý ð b 2 ý÷ a 2 ÷ ý ú (2a ) 2 û ý (a) û 2 ú ý
ÿþø 2 ø û 4 2ð 2 4 2ð û þÿ
ö3 1 ö
ý ð a 2b2 ÷ ý 2 ÷
ø4 ð ø
ý 0.64868ð a 2 b 2
ö1 ö
Now 
xV ý xEL dV : x ÷ ð ab 2 ÷ ý 0.64868ð a 2b 2
ø2 ø
or x ý 1.297 a 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.129*
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the

portion of the sine curve shown about the y-axis. (Hint: Use a thin
cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness dr as the element of
volume.)
SOLUTION

z ý0
Choose as the element of volume a cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness dr.
1
Then dV ý (2ð r )( y )(dr ), yEL ý y
2
ðr
Now y ý b sin
2a
ðr
so that dV ý 2ð br sin dr
2a
2a ðr
Then Vý  a
2ð br sin
2a
dr

ðr
u ý rd dv ý sin dr
2a
2a ðr
du ý dr v ý ý cos
ð 2a
üÿ ù ö 2a ð r öù
2a
2a ö 2a ð r ö üÿ
Then V ý 2ð b ý ú (r ) ÷ ý cos
ð ú ý
2a ÷ø û a  ÷ ð cos 2a ÷ dr ý
þÿ û ø ø ø þÿ
a
ü 2a ù 4a 2 ð r ù üÿ
2a
ÿ
ý 2ð b ýý û (2a )(ý1) ý û ú 2 sin ú ý
ÿþ ð ûð 2a û a ÿ
þ
ö 4a 2 4a 2 ö
V ý 2ð b ÷÷ ý 2 ÷÷
ø ð ð ø
ö 1ö
ý 8a 2 b ÷ 1 ý ÷
ø ð ø
ý 5.4535a 2 b
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
2a ö ð r öö ðr ö
Also  yEL dV ý  ø
a
1
÷ 2 b sin ÷÷ 2ð br sin
2a øø
dr ÷
2a ø
2a ðr
ý ð b2
a 
r sin 2
2a
dr

ðr
uýr dv ý sin 2 dr
2a
r sin ðar
du ý dr vý ý 2ð
2 a
üù ö 2a ü
ÿ r sin ðar ö ù 2a ö r sin ðar ö ÿ
 yEL dV ý ð b ý ú(r ) ÷ ý 2ð ÷ ú ý ÷ ý ÷÷ ý 
2
Then dr
÷ ÷ a ÷2 2ð
ÿþ ûú ø 2 a ø ûú a ø a ø þÿ
üù ð r ù üÿ
2a
ÿ ö 2a ö ö a öù ù r
2
a2
ý ð b 2 ý ú(2a) ÷ ÷ ý (a ) ÷ ÷ ú ý ú û 2 cos ú ý
ÿþ û ø 2 ø ø 2 ø û û 4 2ð a ûa ÿ
þ
üÿ 3 ù (2a )2 a2 (a)2 a 2 ù üÿ
ý ð b2 ý a2 ý ú û 2 ý û 2 úý
ÿþ 2 û 4 2ð 4 2ð û þÿ
ö3 1 ö
ý ð a 2b2 ÷ ý 2 ÷
ø4 ð ø
ý 2.0379a 2 b 2
Now 
yV ý yEL dV : y (5.4535a 2b) ý 2.0379a 2b2 or y ý 0.374b 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.130*
Show that for a regular pyramid of height h and n sides (n ý 3, 4, ) the centroid of the volume of the
pyramid is located at a distance h/4 above the base.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of a horizontal slice of thickness dy. For any number N of sides, the area of the
base of the pyramid is given by
Abase ý kb2
where k ý k ( N ); see note below. Using similar triangles, we have
s hý y
ý
b h
b
or sý (h ý y )
h
b2
Then dV ý Aslice dy ý ks 2 dy ý k 2
(h ý y ) 2 dy
h
h
h b2 b2 ù 1 3ù
Vý  ý ý ú ý 3 (h ý y ) ú
2
and k ( h y ) dy k
0 h2 h2 û û0
1
ý kb 2 h
3
Also, yEL ý y
h ù b2 ù b2 h
so that  yEL dV ý  0
y ú k 2 ( h ý y ) 2 dy ú ý k 2
û h û h  0
( h 2 y ý 2hy 2 û y 3 ) dy
h
b2 ù1 2 2 2 3 1 4 ù 1 2 2
ýk ú 2 h y ý 3 hy û 4 y ú ý 12 kb h
h2 û û0
ö1 ö 1 1
Now 
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ kb 2 h ÷ ý kb 2 h 2
ø3 ø 12
or y ý
4
h Q.E.D. 
ö1 b ö
Note: Abase ý N ÷÷ ô b ô 2
tan ðN
÷÷ 
ø2 ø
N
ý b2
4 tan ðN
ý k ( N )b 2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.131
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid of one-half of

a thin, uniform hemispherical shell of radius R.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x ý 0

The element of area dA of the shell shown is obtained by cutting the shell with two planes parallel to the
xy plane. Now
dA ý (ð r )( Rdñ )
2r
yEL ý ý
ð
where r ý R sin ñ
so that dA ý ð R 2 sin ñ dñ
2R
yEL ý ý sin ñ
ð
ð /2
Then Aý  0
ð R 2 sin ñ dñ ý ð R 2 [ý cos ñ ]ð0 / 2
ý ð R2
ð /2 ö 2R ö
y ý  ÷ ý ð sin ñ ÷ (ð R sin ñ dñ )
2
and EL dA
0 ø ø
ð /2
ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý ý2 R 3 ú ý
û2 4 úû 0
ð
ýý R3
2
ð 1
Now 
yA ý yEL dA: y (ð R 2 ) ý ý
2
R3 or y ý ý R 
2
1
Symmetry implies zýy z ý ý R 
2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.132
The sides and the base of a punch bowl are of

uniform thickness t. If t ü ü R and R ý 250 mm,
determine the location of the center of gravity of
(a) the bowl, (b) the punch.
SOLUTION
(a) Bowl:
z ý0 
for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be treated as a shell; the
center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl,
an element of area is obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y-axis. Then
dAwall ý (2ð R sin ñ )( R dñ )
and ( yEL ) wall ý ý R cos ñ

ð /2
Then Awall ý ð /6
2ð R 2 sin ñ dñ
ð /2
ý 2ð R 2 [ý cos ñ ]ð /6
ý ð 3R 2
and 
ywall Awall ý ( yEL ) wall dA
ð /2
ý (ý R cos ñ )(2ð R 2 sin ñ dñ )
ð /6
ý ð R 3 [cos 2 ñ ]ðð /2
/6
3
ý ý ð R3
4
ð 3
By observation, Abase ý R2 , ybase ý ý R
4 2
Now y A ý  yA
ö ð ö 3 ð ö 3 ö
or y ÷ ð 3R 2 û R 2 ÷ ý ý ð R3 û R 2 ÷ ý R÷
ø 4 ø 4 4 ÷ ÷
ø 2 ø
or y ý ý 0.48763R R ý 250 mm y ý ý121.9 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
(b) Punch:
z ý0 
and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding volume. Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy.
Then
dV ý ð x 2 dy, yEL ý y
Now x2 û y 2 ý R2
so that dV ý ð ( R 2 ý y 2 )dy
0
Then Vý  ý 3/2 R
ð ( R 2 ý y 2 ) dy
0
ù 1 ù
ý ð ú R2 y ý y3 ú
û 3 ûý 3/2 R
ù ö 3 ö 1ö 3 ö ùú 3
3
ý ýð ú R 2 ÷ ý R÷ ý ÷ý R ÷ ý ð 3R3
ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 3 ÷ø 2 ÷ø ú 8
û û
ø ù
0
and y EL dV ý  ý 3/2 R
( y ) ùð R 2 ý y 2 dy ù
û û
0
ù1 1 ù
ý ð ú R2 y2 ý y4 ú
û2 4 ûý 3/2 R
ù1 ö 3 ö 1ö 3 ö ùú
4
15
2
ý ýð ú R ÷ý
2
R÷ ý ÷ý R ÷ ý ý ð R4
÷
ú2 ø 2 ø ÷ ÷ ÷
4ø 2 ø ú 64
û û
ö3 ö 15
Now 
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ ð 3 R3 ÷ ý ý ð R 4
ø8 ø 64
5
or yýý R R ý 250 mm y ý ý 90.2 mm 
8 3
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.133
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from a thin circular
pipe by two oblique planes.
SOLUTION

Assume that the pipe has a uniform wall thickness t and choose as the element of volume a vertical strip
of width adñ and height ( y2 ý y1 ). Then
1
dV ý ( y2 ý y1 )ta dñ , yEL ý ( y1 û y2 ) z EL ý z
2
h 2h
h 2
Now y1 ý 3
zû y2 ý ý 3
zû h
2a 6 2a 3
h h
ý ( z û a) ý (ý z û 2a )
6a 3a
and z ý a cos ñ
h h
Then ( y2 ý y1 ) ý ( ý a cos ñ û 2a ) ý (a cos ñ û a )
3a 6a
h
ý (1 ý cos ñ )
2
h h
and ( y1 û y2 ) ý (a cos ñ û a) û (ý a cos ñ û 2a )
6a 3a
h
ý (5 ý cos ñ )
6
aht h
dV ý (1 ý cos ñ )dñ yEL ý (5 ý cos ñ ), z EL ý a cos ñ
2 12
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
aht ð
Then V ý2  20
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ý aht[ñ ý sin ñ ]ð0
ý ð aht
ð h ù aht ù
and y EL dV ý2  0 12
(5 ý cos ñ ) ú
û 2
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ú
û
ah t 2 ð
ý
12  0
(5 ý 6cos ñ û cos 2 ñ )dñ
ð
ah 2 t ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý ú 5ñ ý 6sin ñ û û
12 û 2 4 úû 0
11
ý ð ah 2t
24
ð ù aht ù
 z EL dV ý 2  0
a cos ñ ú
û 2
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ú
û
ð
ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý a 2 ht úsin ñ ý ý
û 2 4 úû 0
1
ý ý ð a 2 ht
2
11 11
Now 
yV ý y EL dV : y (ð aht ) ý
24
ð ah 2 t or y ý
24
h 
1 1
and 
zV ý zEL dV : z (ð aht ) ý ý ð a 2 ht
2
or z ý ý a 
2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.134*
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from an
elliptical cylinder by an oblique plane.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies xý0 
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width zx, thickness dz, and height y. Then
1
dV ý 2 xy dz , y EL ý , z EL ý z
24
a 2
Now xý b ý z2
b
h/2 h h
and yýý zû ý (b ý z )
b 2 2b
b ö a 2 2 öù h ù
Then Vý  ýb ø
÷ 2 b b ý z ÷ ú 2b (b ý z ) ú dz
øû û
Let z ý b sin ñ dz ý b cos ñ dñ
ah ð /2
Then Vý
b2 ð /2
(b cos ñ )[b(1 ý sin ñ )] b cos ñ dñ
ð /2
ý abh ð ý /2
(cos2 ñ ý sin ñ cos 2 ñ ) dñ
ð /2
ù ñ sin 2ñ 1 ù
ý abh ú û û cos3 ñ ú
û 2 4 3 û ýð /2
1
V ý ð abh
2
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
b ù1 h ù üö a 2 öù h ù ü
and  yEL dV ý  ýb ú
û2
ô
2b
(b ý z ) ú ý ÷ 2
û þø b
b ý z2 ÷ ú 2b (b ý z ) ú dz ý
øû û þ
1 ah 2 b
ý
4 b3  ýb
(b ý z ) 2 b 2 ý z 2 dz
1 ah2 ð /2
Then  yEL dV ý
4 b3 ð ý /2
[b(1 ý sin ñ )]2 (b cos ñ ) ô (b cos ñ dñ )
1 ð /2
ý abh2
4 ð ý /2
(cos2 ñ ý 2sin ñ cos 2 ñ û sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ) dñ
1 1
Now sin 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2ñ ) cos 2 ñ ý (1 û cos 2ñ )
2 2
1
so that sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ )
4
1 ð /2 ù 2 1 ù
Then y EL dV ý
4
abh 2 ð ý ú
/2 û
cos ñ ý 2sin ñ cos 2 ñ û (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) ú dñ
4 û
ð /2
1 ùö ñ sin 2ñ ö 1 1 1 ö ñ sin 4ñ ö ù
ý abh 2 ú÷ û ÷ û cos3 ñ û ñ ý ÷ û ú
4 ûø 2 4 ø 3 4 4ø 2 8 ÷ø û ýð /2
5
ý ð abh 2
32
b ü a 2 ùh ù ü
Also,  z EL dV ý  ýb
z ý2
þ b
a ý z 2 ú (b ý z ) ú dz ý
û 2b û þ
ah b
ý
b2  ýb
z (b ý z ) b 2 ý z 2 dz

ah ð /2
Then z EL dV ý
b2 ð ý /2
(b sin ñ )[b(1 ý sin ñ )](b cos ñ ) ô (b cos ñ dñ )
ð /2
ý ab 2 h ð ý /2
(sin ñ cos 2 ñ ý sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ )dñ
1
Using sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) from above,
4
ð /2 ù 1 ù
z EL dV ý ab 2 h ð ý /2 ú
û
sin ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) ú dñ
4 û
ð /2
ù 1 1 1 ö ñ sin 4ñ ö ù 1
ý ab h ú ý cos3 ñ ý ñ û ÷ û
2
÷ ú ý ý ð ab 2 h
û 3 4 4ø 2 8 ø û ýð /2 8
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
ö1 ö 5 5
Now 
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ ð abh ÷ ý ð abh 2
ø2 ø 32
or y ý
16
h 
ö1 ö 1 1
and 
z V ý z EL dV : z ÷ ð abh ÷ ý ý ð ab 2 h
ø2 ø 8
or z ý ý b 
4
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.135
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid

of the volume between the xz plane and the portion shown
of the surface y ý 16h(ax ý x2)(bz ý z2)/a2b2.
SOLUTION
a
First note that symmetry implies xý 
2
b
zý 
2
Choose as the element of volume a filament of base dx ô dz and height y. Then
1
dV ý y dx dz , y EL ý y
2
16h
or dV ý 2 2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz
a b
b a 16h
Then Vý 
0 0 a 2b2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz
a
16h b ùa 1 ù
Vý
a 2b2  0
(bz ý z 2 ) ú x 2 ý x3 ú dz
ûz 3 û0
b
16h ù a 1 ù ùb 1 ù
ý 2 2 ú ( a 2 ) ý ( a )3 ú ú z 2 ý z 3 ú
a b û2 3 û û2 3 û0
8ah ù b 2 1 3 ù
ý (b) ý (b) ú
3b 2 úû 2 3 û
4
ý abh
9
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
b a 1 ù 16h ù ù 16h ù
and y EL dV ý 
0 0 2 úû a 2 b2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 ) ú ú 2 2 (ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz ú
ûûa b û
128h 2 b a
ý
a 4b4  0 0
(a 2 x 2 ý 2ax3 û x 4 )(b2 z 2 ý 2bz 3 û z 4 )dx dz
a
128h 2 b ù a2 a 1 ù
ý 2 4  (b z ý 2bz û z ) ú x3 ý x 4 û x5 ú dz
2 2 3 4
a b 0
û3 2 5 û0
b
128h2 ù a 2 a 1 ù ù b2 b 1 ù
ý 4 4 ú ( a )3 ý ( a ) 4 û ( a )5 ú ú z 3 ý z 4 û z 5 ú
a b û3 2 5 ûû 3 z 5 û0
64ah 2 ù b3 3 b 4 1 5 ù 32
ý ú (b) ý (b) û (b) ú ý abh 2
15b 4 û 3 2 5 û 225
ö4 ö 32 8
Now 
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ abh ÷ ý
ø9 ø 225
abh2 or y ý
25
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.136
9m
0.08 m
15 m After grading a lot, a builder places four stakes to designate the
corners of the slab for a house. To provide a firm, level base for
0.12 m
the slab, the builder places a minimum of 0.08 m of gravel
0.15 m beneath the slab. Determine the volume of gravel needed and
the x coordinate of the centroid of the volume of the gravel.
x (Hint: The bottom surface of the gravel is an oblique plane,
z which can be represented by the equation y = a + bx + cz.)
0.2 m
SOLUTION
The centroid can be found by integration. The equation for the bottom of the gravel is:
y = a + bx + cz , where the constants a, b, and c can be determined as follows:
For x = 0, and z = 0: y = − 0.08 m, and therefore
a = −0.08 m
For x = 9 m, and z = 0: y = − 0.12 m, and therefore
b = −0.0044 m
For x = 0, and z = 15 m: y = −0.15 m, and therefore
c = −0.0047 m
Therefore: y = −0.08 m − 0.0044x − 0.0047z
xEL dV
Now x =
V
A volume element can be chosen as:
dV = | y| dxdz
or dV = (0.08 + 0.0044x + 0.0047z)dx dz
and xEL = x
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
15 9
Then xEL dV = x(0.08 + 0.0044x + 0.0047z)dx dz
0 0
9
15 x2 x3 x2
= (0.08) + 0.0044 + 0.0047z dz
0 2 3 2 0
15
= (3.24 + 1.0692 + 0.19z)dz
0
15
z2
= 4.3092z + 0.19
2 0
= 86.013 m 4
15 9
The volume is: V dV = (0.08 + 0.0044x + 0.0047z)dx dz
0 0
x2
9
15
= 0.08x + 0.0044 + 0.0047zx dz
0 2 0
15
= (0.72 + 0.1782 + 0.0423z)dz
0
z2
15
= 0.8982z + 0.0423
2 0
= 18.2318 m 3
xEL dV 86.013 m4
Then x = = = 4.718 m
V 18.2318 m3
Therefore: V = 18.23 m3
x = 4.72 m
710
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
6 cm 6 cm
PROBLEM 5.137
3 cm
6 cm 6 cm
SOLUTION
A, cm2 x , cm y , cm x A, cm3 y A, cm3

1
1 (12)(6) = 36 4 4 144 144
2
2 (6)(3) = 18 9 7.5 162 135
Σ 54 306 279
Then XA = Σ xA
X (54) = 306 X = 5.67 cm
YA = Σ yA
Y (54) = 279 Y = 5.17 cm
544
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.138
SOLUTION
A, mm2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3
1
1 (120)(75) ý 4500 80 25 360 ô 103 112.5 ô 103
2
2 (75)(75) ý 5625 157.5 37.5 885.94 ô 103 210.94 ô 103
ð
3 ý (75) 2 ý ý4417.9 163.169 43.169 ý720.86 ô 103 ý190.716 ô 103
4
 5707.1 525.08 ô 103 132.724 ô 103
Then XA ý  x A X (5707.1) ý 525.08 ô 103 X ý 92.0 mm 
YA ý  y A Y (5707.1) ý 132.724 ô 103 Y ý 23.3 mm 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.139
A uniform circular rod of weight 40 N and radius 10 cm is attached to a pin at C

and to the cable AB. Determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
2r
For quarter circle, r ý
ð
ö 2r ö
(a) M C ý 0: W ÷ ÷ ý Tr ý 0
øð ø
ö2ö ö2ö
Tý W ÷ ÷ý (40 N) ÷ ÷ ý 25.46 N T ý 25.5 N 
øð ø øð ø
(b) Fx ý 0: T ý C x ý 0 25.46 N ý C x ý 0 C x ý 25.5 N
Fy ý 0: C y ý W ý 0 C y ý 40 N ý 0 C y ý 40 N
C ý 47.4 N 57.5° 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.140

your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
y ý h(1 ý kx3 )
For x ý a, y ý 0.
0 ý h(1 ý k a3 )
1
ü ký
a3
ö x3 ö
y ý h ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷
ø a ø
1
xEL ý x, y EL ý y dA ý ydx
2
a
a a ö x3 ö ù x4 ù 3

A ý dA ý  0
ydx ý  0
h ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý h ú x ý 3 ú ý ah
ø a ø û 4a û 0 4
a
a a ö x4 ö ù x2 x5 ù 3
 xEL dA ý  0
xydx ý  0
h ÷÷ x ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý h ú ý 3 ú ý a 2 h
ø a ø û 2 5a û 0 10
aö 1 ö 1 a ö x3 ö h2 aö 2 x3 x 6 ö
 yEL dA ý  0
÷2
ø
y ÷ ydx ý
ø 2  0
h 2 ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý
ø a ø 2  0
÷÷1 ý 3 û 6 ÷÷ dx
ø a a ø
a
h2 ù x4 x7 ù 9 2
ý úx ý 3 û 6 ú ý ah
2 û 2a 7a û 0 28
ö3 ö 3 2

ø 4 ø 10
xý
5
a 
ö3 ö 9 3

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý
ø 4 ø 28
ah 2 yý
7
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.141
SOLUTION
1
xEL ý x y EL ý y dA ý y dx
2
L
L ö x x2 ö ù x 2 2 x3 ù 5

A ý dA ý  0
h ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx ý h ú x û
ø L L ø û
ý 2ú
2L 3 L û0 6
ý hL
L ö x x2 ö Lö x2 x3 ö
 xEL dA ý  0
xh ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx ý h
ø L L ø  0
÷÷ x û
ø L
ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx
L ø
L
ù x 2 1 x3 2 x 4 ù 1
ý hú û ý 2 ú
ý hL2
û 2 3 L 4 L û0 3
ö5 ö 1 2

xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ hL ÷ ý hL2
ø6 ø 3
xý
5
L 
5 1 ö x x2 ö
Aý hL yEL ý y y ý h ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷
6 2 ø L L ø
2
1 2 h2 Lö x x2 ö
 yEL dA ý
2 
y dx ý
2  0
÷÷1 û ý 2 2
ø L L
÷÷ dx
ø
h2 Lö x2 x4 x x2 x3 ö
ý
2  0
÷÷1 û 2 û 4 4 û 2 ý 4 2 ý 4 3 ÷÷ dx
ø L L L L L ø
L
h2 ù x3 4 x5 x 2 4 x3 x 4 ù 4
ý úx û 2 û 4 û ý 2 ý 3 ú ý h2 L
2 û 3L 5L L 3L L û 0 10
ö5 ö 4 12

yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ hL ÷ ý h 2 L
ø 6 ø 10
yý
25
h 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.142
The escutcheon (a decorative plate placed on a pipe where

the pipe exits from a wall) shown is cast from brass.
Knowing that the density of brass is 8470 kg/m3,
determine the mass of the escutcheon.
SOLUTION
The mass of the escutcheon is given by m ý (density)V , where V is the volume. V can be generated by
rotating the area A about the x-axis.
From the figure: L1 ý 752 ý 12.52 ý 73.9510 m

37.5
L2 ý ý 76.8864 mm
tan 26Ā
a ý L2 ý L1 ý 2.9324 mm
12.5
ö ý sin ý1 ý 9.5941Ā
75
26Ā ý 9.5941Ā
ý ý 8.2030Ā ý 0.143168 rad
2
Area A can be obtained by combining the following four areas:
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V ý 2ð yA ý 2ð  yA
Seg. A, mm2 y , mm yA, mm3

1 1
1 (76.886)(37.5) ý 1441.61 (37.5) ý 12.5 18,020.1
2 3
2(75) sin 
2 ý (75)2 ý ý805.32 sin ( û ö ) ý 15.2303 ý12,265.3
3
1 1
3 ý (73.951)(12.5) ý ý462.19 (12.5) ý 4.1667 ý1925.81
2 3
1
4 ý(2.9354)(12.5) ý ý36.693 (12.5) ý 6.25 ý229.33
2
 3599.7
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Then V ý 2ð  yA
ý 2ð (3599.7 mm3 )
ý 22, 618 mm3
m ý (density)V
ý (8470 kg/m3 )(22.618 ô 10ý6 m3 )
ý 0.191574 kg or m ý 0.1916 kg 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
200 N/m PROBLEM 5.143
B
A
3m 4.5 m 3m
SOLUTION
R I = (200 N/m)(7.5 m)
R I = 1.5 kN
1
R II = (200 N/m)(3 m)
2
R II = 300 N
ΣM A = 0: −(1500 N)(0.75 m) − (300 N)(4.5 m + 1 m) + B(7.5 m) = 0
B = 370 N B = 370 N
ΣFy = 0: A + 370 N − 1500 N − 300 N = 0
A = 1430 N A = 1.43 kN
627
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.144
A beam is subjected to a linearly distributed downward load

and rests on two wide supports BC and DE, which exert
uniformly distributed upward loads as shown. Determine
the values of wBC and wDE corresponding to equilibrium
when wA ý 600 N/m.
SOLUTION
1
We have RI ý (6 m)(600 N/m) ý 1800 N
2
1
RII ý (6 m)(1200 N/m) ý 3600 N
2
RBC ý (0.8 m) (wBC N/m) ý (0.8wBC ) N
RDE ý (1.0 m) (wDE N/m) ý ( wDE ) N
Then M G ý 0: ý (1 m)(1800 N) ý (3 m)(3600 N) û (4 m)( wDE N) ý 0
or wDE ý 3150 N/m 
and Fy ý 0: (0.8wBC ) N ý 1800 N ý 3600 N û 3150 N ý 0
or wBC ý 2812.5 N/m wBC ý 2810 N/m 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.145
A tank is divided into two sections by a 1 ô 1-m square gate that is

hinged at A. A couple of magnitude 490 N · m is required for the
gate to rotate. If one side of the tank is filled with water at the rate of
0.1 m3/min and the other side is filled simultaneously with methyl
alcohol (density òMA ý 789 kg/m3) at the rate of 0.2 m3/min,
determine at what time and in which direction the gate will rotate.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the gate.

First note V ý A base d and V ý rt .
0.1 m3 / min ô t (min)

Then dW ý ý 0.25t (m)
(0.4 m)(1 m)
0.2 m3 / min ô t (min)
d MA ý ý t (m)
(0.2 m)(1 m)
1 1
Now Pý Ap ý A( ò gh) so that
2 2
1
PW ý [(0.25t ) m ô (1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.25t ) m]
2
ý 306.56t 2 N
1
PMA ý [(t ) m ô (1 m)][(789 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(t ) m]
2
ý 3870t 2 N
Now assume that the gate will rotate clockwise and when d MA ó 0.6 m. When rotation of the gate is
impending, we require
ö 1 ö ö 1 ö
M A : M R ý ÷ 0.6 m ý d MA ÷ PMA ý ÷ 0.6 m ý dW ÷ PW
ø 3 ø ø 3 ø
Substituting
ö 1 ö ö 1 ö
490 N  m ý ÷ 0.6 ý t ÷ m ô (3870t 2 ) N ý ÷ 0.6 ý ô 0.25t ÷ m ô (306.56t 2 ) N
ø 3 ø ø 3 ø
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
Simplifying 1264.45t 3 ý 2138.1t 2 û 490 ý 0

Solving (positive roots only)
t ý 0.59451 min and t ý 1.52411 min
Now check assumption using the smaller root. We have
d MA ý (t ) m ý 0.59451 m ü 0.6 m ü t ý 0.59451min ý 35.7 s 
and the gate rotates clockwise. 
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.146
Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the body shown.
SOLUTION
First note that the values of Y will be the same for the given body and the body shown below. Then
V y yV
1 2 1 1
Cone ða h ý h ý ð a 2 h2
3 4 12
2
öaö 1 1
ý b
1 2 2
ða b
Cylinder ýð ÷ ÷ b ý ý ð a 2 b
ø2ø 4 2 8
ð ð
 a 2 (4h ý 3b) ý a 2 (2h 2 ý 3b 2 )
12 24
We have Y V ý  yV
ùð ù ð 2h2 ý 3b2
Then Y ú a 2 (4h ý 3b) ú ý ý a 2 (2h 2 ý 3b 2 ) or Y ý ý 
û 12 û 24 2(4h ý 3b)
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
y
PROBLEM 5.147
An 8-cm-diameter cylindrical duct and a 4 × 8 cm rectangular
duct are to be joined as indicated. Knowing that the ducts were
12 cm fabricated from the same sheet metal, which is of uniform
12 cm
thickness, locate the center of gravity of the assembly.
4 cm
z x
8 cm
SOLUTION
Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area.

1 π (8)(12) = 96π 0 6 0 576π
π 2( 4) 8
2 − (8)( 4) = −16π = 10 −128 −160π
2 π π
π 4(4) 16
3 (4) 2 = 8π − =− 12 − 42.667 96π
2 3π 3π
4 (8)(12) = 96 6 12 576 1152
5 (8)(12) = 96 6 8 576 768
π 4( 4) 16
6 − (4) 2 = − 8π = 8 − 42.667 − 64π
2 3π 3π
7 (4)(12) = 48 6 10 288 480
8 (4)(12) = 48 6 10 288 480
Σ 539.33 1514.67 4287.43
Σ x A 1514.67
Then X = = cm or X = 2.81 cm
ΣA 539.33
Σ y A 4287.43
Y = = cm or Y = 7.95 cm
ΣA 539.33
681
lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.148
Three brass plates are brazed to a steel pipe to form the flagpole
base shown. Knowing that the pipe has a wall thickness of 8 mm
and that each plate is 6 mm thick, determine the location of the
center of gravity of the base. (Densities: brass ý 8470 kg/m3;
steel ý 7860 kg/m3.)
SOLUTION
Since brass plates are equally spaced, we note that

the center of gravity lies on the y-axis.
Thus, X ýZ ý0 
ð
Steel pipe: Vý [(0.064 m) 2 ý (0.048 m) 2 ](0.192 m)
4
ý 270.22 ô 10ý6 m3
m ý ò V ý (7860 kg/m3 )(270.22 ô 10ý6 m3 )
ý 2.1239 kg
1
Each brass plate: Vý (0.096 m)(0.192 m)(0.006 m) ý 55.296 ô 10ý6 m3
2
m ý ò V ý (8470 kg/m3 )(55.296 ô 10ý6 m3 ) ý 0.46836 kg
Flagpole base:
m ý 2.1239 kg û 3(0.46836 kg) ý 3.5290 kg
 y m ý (0.096 m)(2.1239 kg) û 3[(0.064 m)(0.46836 kg)] ý 0.29382 kg  m
Y m ý  y m : Y (3.5290 kg) ý 0.29382 kg  m
Y ý 0.083259 m Y ý 83.3 mm above the base 

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공학도를 위한 정역학 11판 5장 - Qskx

정역학 (Kangwon National University)

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Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Rectangle 72 mm by 45 mm.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

X (2632.5 mm2 ) ý 11,172.5 mm3 X ý 42.2 mm 

Y (2632.5 mm2 ) ý 63,787.5 mm3 Y ý 24.2 mm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

X (11 cm2) = 11.5 cm3 X = 1.045 cm. 

Y (11) = 39.5 Y = 3.591cm. 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Rectangle 42 mm by 44 mm.

Area 2: Triangle b = 18 mm, h = 12 mm.

Area 3: Triangle b = 24 mm, h = 12 mm.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Triangle b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm.

Area 2: Four triangles b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm forming the diamond.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

X (33 cm2 ) ý 108 cm3 X ý 3.27 cm 

Y (33 cm2 ) ý 93 cm3 Y ý 2.82 cm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 yA, mm3

1 (60)(120) ý 7200 –30 60 ý216 ô 103 432 ô 103

 7200 ý72.000 ô 103 629.83 ô 103

Then XA ý  x A X (7200 mm2 ) ý ý72.000 ô 103 mm3 X ý ý10.00 mm 

YA ý  y A Y (7200 mm2 ) ý 629.83 ô 103 mm3 Y ý 87.5 mm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Component A, cm2 y , cm y A, cm3

I Rectangle (3)(6) = 18 1.5 27.0

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, mm2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 y A, mm3

2 −20 × 16 = −320 −10 8 3200 −2560

Σ 1948.23 3200 34021

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Square 75 mm by 75 mm.

Area 2: Quarter circle radius of 75 mm.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 75 ô 75 ý 5625 37.5 37.5 210,938 210,938

 1207.10 20,223 20,223

X (1207.14 mm2 ) ý 20, 223 mm3 X ý Y ý 16.75 mm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 (15)(80) = 1200 40 7.5 48 × 103 9 × 103

X (2533.3) = 128 × 103 X = 50.5 mm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

 3750 112,500 243,000

X (3750 mm2 ) ý 112,500 mm3 or X ý 30.0 mm 

Y (3750 mm2 ) ý 243,000 mm3 or Y ý 64.8 mm 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.