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5장솔루션
5장솔루션
CHAPTER 5
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PROBLEM 5.1
SOLUTION
X Aý xA
Y AýyA
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PROBLEM 5.2
SOLUTION
A, cm 2 x, c m y , cm x A,cm3 y A,cm3
1 8 0.5 4 4 32
2 3 2.5 2.5 7.5 7.5
Σ 11 11.5 39.5
X ΣA= xA
Y ΣA=ΣyA
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PROBLEM 5.3
SOLUTION
Then X A ý xA
X (1596 mm2 ) ý 4536 mm3 or X ý 2.84 mm
and Y A ý yA
Y (1596 mm2 ) ý 39,648 mm3 or Y ý 24.8 mm
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PROBLEM 5.4
SOLUTION
Then X A ý xA
X (11, 250 mm2 ) ý 585,000 mm3 or X ý 52.0 mm
and Y A ý yA
Y (11, 250 m2 ) ý 731, 250 mm3 or Y ý 65.0 mm
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PROBLEM 5.5
SOLUTION
Area 1: Rectangle 6 cm by 4 cm
Area 2: Triangle b = 6 cm, h = 3 cm
A, cm 2 x , cm y , cm x A, cm 3 yA, cm3
1 24 3 2 72 48
2 9 4 5 36 45
33 108 93
X Aý xA
Y AýyA
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PROBLEM 5.6
SOLUTION
ð
2 (60) 2 ý 2827.4 25.465 95.435 72.000 ô 103 269.83 ô 103
4
ð
3 ý (60) 2 ý ý2827.4 –25.465 25.465 72.000 ô 103 ý72.000 ô 103
4
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PROBLEM 5.7
SOLUTION
By symmetry, X = 0
π
II Semicircle − (2) 2 = −6.283 2.151 −13.515
2
Σ 11.72 13.85
Y ΣA=ΣyA
Y (11.717 cm2)= 13.485 cm3
Y = 1.151 in.
X =0
Y = 1.151 cm
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y
PROBLEM 5. 8
r = 38 mm
16 mm
x
20 mm
SOLUTION
Σ xA 3200
Then X= = X = 1.6 mm
Σ A 1948.23
Σ y A 34021
Y = = Y = 17. 5 mm
Σ A 1948.23
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PROBLEM 5.9
SOLUTION
ð 43.169
2 ý ô 752 ý ý4417.9 43.169 -190,715 ýñùðü÷ñõ
4
xA
Then by symmetry X ýY ý
A
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PROBLEM 5.10
SOLUTION
1
2 (50)(80) = 1333.33 60 30 80 × 103 40 × 103
3
Σ 2533.3 128 × 103 49 × 103
Then X A = Σ xA
YA = Σ yA
Y (2533.3) = 49 × 103 Y = 19.34 mm
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PROBLEM 5.11
SOLUTION
2
1 (75)(120) ý 6000 28.125 48 168,750 288,000
3
1
2 ý (75)(60) ý ý2250 25 20 –56,250 –45,000
2
Then X A ý xA
and Y A ý yA
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PROBLEM 5.12
SOLUTION
ð
1 (120) 2 ý 22, 620 -50.93 0 ý1152.04 ô 103 0
2
ð
2 ý (72) 2 ý ý8143.0 -30.558 0 248.80 ô 103 0
2
Then XA ý xA
X (14, 477 mm2 ) ý ý903.20 ô 103 mm3 X ý ý62.4 mm
YA ý yA Y ý0
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y
PROBLEM 5.13
x = ky2
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
b = 4 cm
x
a = 8 cm
SOLUTION
Dimensions in cm
Then XΣ
A=Σ
xA
X (5.3333 cm2) = 17.0650 cm3 or X = 3.20 cm
and YΣ
A=Σ
yA
Y (5.3333 cm2) = 10.6670 cm3 or Y = 2.00 cm
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PROBLEM 5.14
SOLUTION
A, m2 y, m yA, m3
4
1 ô 4.5 ô 3 ý 18 1.2 21.6
3
ð
2 ý (1.8) 2 ý ý5.0894 0.76394 ý3.8880
2
12.9106 17.7120
y A 17.7120 m3
Then Y ý ý or Y ý 1.372 m
A 12.9106 m 2
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PROBLEM 5.15
SOLUTION
1
1 (120)(90) ý 5400 0 30 0 162,000
2
ð
2 (60 2 ) 2 ý 5654.9 0 9.07 0 51,290
4
1
3 ý (120)(60) ý ý3600 0 20 0 -72,000
2
7454.9 0 141,290
Then XA ý x A X ý 0 mm
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PROBLEM 5.16
SOLUTION
2 sin ø 2 ý ù
ð
öð ö
From Figure 5.8A: y2 ý r2 ð A2 ý ÷ ý ÷ r22
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos
ý r2 ð
3 ø 2 ý ù
2 cos öð ö
Similarly, y1 ý r1 ð A1 ý ÷ ý ÷ r12
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos ùö ð ö 2 ù 2 cos ùö ð ö 2ù
Then yA ý r2 ð ú÷ ý ÷ r2 ú ý r1 ð ú÷ ý ÷ r1 ú
3 ø 2 ý ù ûø 2 ø û 3 ø 2 ý ù ûø 2 ø û
ý
3
ø
2 3
ù
r2 ý r13 cos
öð ö öð ö
and A ý ÷ ý ÷ r22 ý ÷ ý ÷ r12
ø2 ø ø2 ø
öð ö
ø
ý ÷ ý ÷ r22 ý r12
ø 2 ø
ù
Now Y A ý yA
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PROBLEM 5.17
SOLUTION
2 sin ø 2 ý ù
ð
öð ö
From Figure 5.8A: y2 ý r2 ð A2 ý ÷ ý ÷ r22
3 ø 2 ý ù ø2 ø
2 cos
ý r2
3 ø ð2 ý ù
2 cos öð ö
Similarly, y1 ý r1 A1 ý ÷ ý ÷ r12
3 ø ð2 ý ù ø 2 ø
2 cos ùö ð ö 2 ù 2 cos ùö ð ö 2ù
Then yA ý r2 ú÷ ý ÷ r2 ú ý r1 ð ú÷ ý ÷ r1 ú
3 ø ð2 ý ù ûø 2 ø û 3 ø 2 ù ûø
ý 2 ø û
ý
3
ø
2 3
ù
r2 ý r13 cos
öð ö öð ö
and A ý ÷ ý ÷ r22 ý ÷ ý ÷ r12
ø 2 ø ø 2 ø
öð ö 2
ø
ý ÷ ý ÷ r2 ý r12
ø2 ø
ù
Now Y A ý yA
ùö ð ù 2
ö
ø ù ø
Y ú÷ ý ÷ r22 ý r12 ú ý r23 ý r13
ûø 2 ø û 3
ù cos
2 ö r3 ý r3 ö ö 2 cos ö
Y ý ÷÷ 22 12 ÷÷ ÷ø ð ý 2 ÷ø
3 ø r2 ý r1 ø
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1
Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius ( r1 û r2 ) is
2
1 sin( ð ý )
Y ý (r1 û r2 ) ð 2
2 ( 2 ý)
1 cos
ý (r1 û r2 ) ð (1)
2 ( 2 ý)
Now ý
2
ø
r23 ý r13 (r2 ý r1 ) r2 û r1r2 û r1
2
ù
r22 ý r12 (r2 ý r1 )(r2 û r1 )
r22 û r1r2 û r12
ý
r2 û r1
Let r2 ý r û
r1 ý r ý
1
Then rý ( r1 û r2 )
2
r23 ý r13 ( r û ) 2 û (r û )(r ý )( r ý ) 2
and ý
r22 ý r12 (r û ) û (r ý )
3r 2 û 2
ý
2r
In the limit as 0 (i.e., r1 ý r2 ), then
r23 ý r13 3
ý r
r22 ý r12 2
3 1
ý ô (r1 û r2 )
2 2
2 3 cos cos
So that Y ý ô (r1 û r2 ) ð or Y ý (r1 û r2 )
3 4 2
ý ð ý 2
which agrees with Equation (1).
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PROBLEM 5.18
SOLUTION
Area 1:
A x xA
1 1 1
1 h1a a h1a 2
2 3 6
1 2 2
2 h2a a h2a2
2 3 6
1 2
1 a (h1 û 2h 2 )
a (h1 û h 2 ) 6
2
x A 6 a (h1 û 2h 2 )
1 2
ö a ö h1 û 2h 2
Xý ý 1 X ý÷ ÷
A 2
a(h1 û h 2 ) ø 3 ø h1 û h 2
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PROBLEM 5.19
For the semiannular area of Prob. 5.12, determine the ratio r1 to r2 so that the centroid
1
of the area is located at x = ý r2 and y = 0.
2
SOLUTION
2
ø
ý ý r23 ý r13
3
ù
Now X A ý xA
ùð
û2
ø ùù
û
2
ø ù
X ú r22 ý r12 ú ý ý r23 ý r13 ; Dividing by ø r2 ý r1 ù
3
öð ö 2
ø
X ÷ ÷ ø r2 û r1 ù ý ý r2 2 û r2 r1 û r12 (1)
ø ø
2 3
ù
ö 4 ö ö r2 û r2 r1 û r1 ö
2 2
X ý ý÷ ÷ ÷ ÷÷
ø 3ð ø ÷ø r2 û r1 ø
By symmetry, Y ý 0
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1
Now substituting for X ý ý r2 in equation (1) gives.
2
ö 1 öö ð ö 2 2
÷ ý r2 ÷÷ ÷ ø r2 û r1 ù ý ý (r2 û r1r2 û r1 )
2
(1)
ø 2 øø ø
2 3
2
ö r1 ö ö r1 ö
Then ÷ ÷ ý 0.1781÷ ÷ ý 0.1781 ý 0
ø r2 ø ø r2 ø
ö r1 ö
Solving the quadratic yields, ÷ ÷ ý 0.520
ø r2 ø
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PROBLEM 5.20
SOLUTION
FA FB (Qx ) B
Therefore, ý , or FB ý FA
(Qx ) A (Qx ) B (Qx ) A
ö 12 ö
For the first moments, (Qx ) A ý ÷ 225 û ÷ (300 ô 12)
ø 2ø
ý 831, 600 mm3
ö 12 ö
(Qx ) B ý (Qx ) A û 2 ÷ 225 ý ÷ (48 ô 12) û 2(225 ý 30)(12 ô 60)
ø 2ø
ý 1,364, 688 mm3
1,364, 688
Then FB ý (280 N) or FB ý 459 N
831,600
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PROBLEM 5.21
The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown, and
it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the first
moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and explain the
results obtained.
SOLUTION
Length of BD:
21 mm
BD = 12 mm + (36 mm −12 mm) = 12 +14 = 26 mm
21 mm + 15 mm
Area above x-axis (consider two triangular areas):
ù1 ù ù1 ù
Q1 = Σ y A = (7 mm) ú (21 mm)(26 mm)ú + (14 mm) ú (21 mm)(12 mm)ú
û2 û û2 û
= 1911 mm3 + 1764 mm3
Q1 = 3675 mm3
Area below x-axis:
ù1 ù ù1 ù
Q2 = Σ yA = −(10 mm) ú (15mm)(36 mm)ú − (5 mm) ú (26 mm)(15 mm)ú
û 2 û û 2 û
= −2700 mm3 − 975 mm3
Q2 = −3675 mm 3
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PROBLEM 5.22
The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown,
and it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the
first moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and
explain the results obtained.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
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PROBLEM 5.23
The first moment of the shaded area with respect to the x-axis is denoted by
Qx. (a) Express Qx in terms of b, c, and the distance y from the base of the
shaded area to the x-axis. (b) For what value of y is Qx maximum, and what is
that maximum value?
SOLUTION
Shaded area:
A ý b (c ý y )
Qx ý yA
1
ý (c û y )[b(c ý y )]
2
1
(a) Qx ý b (c 2 ý y 2 )
2
dQ 1
(b) For Qmax , ý 0 or b(ý2 y ) ý 0 yý0
dy 2
1 2 1 2
For y ý 0, ( Qx ) ý bc ( Qx ) ý bc
2 2
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PROBLEM 5.24
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated.
Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
L, mm x , mm y , mm xL , mm2 yL , mm2
1 45 49.5 0 2227.5 0
2 45 72 22.5 3240 1012.5
3 72 36 45 2592 3240
4 52.479 13.5 22.5 708.47 1180.78
2632.5 8768.0 5433.3
X L ý xL
Y L ý yL
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PROBLEM 5.25
SOLUTION
Then X L ý x L
Y L ý y L
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PROBLEM 5.26
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated.
Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 5.27
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding line.
2
Y6 ý (38 cm)
ð
x L ý320
Then Xý ý X ý ý1.407 cm
L 227.38
y L 3464.1
Yý ý Y ý 15.23 cm
L 227.38
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PROBLEM 5.28
The homogeneous wire ABC is bent into a semicircular arc and a straight
section as shown and is attached to a hinge at A. Determine the value of ñ for
which the wire is in equilibrium for the indicated position.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through A.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line. Thus,
X ý0
so that x L ý 0
ö 1 ö ö 2r ö
Then ÷ ý 2 r cos ñ ÷ (r ) û ÷ ð ý r cos ñ ÷ (ð r ) ý 0
ø ø ø ø
4
or cos ñ ý
1 û 2ð
ý 0.54921
or ñ ý 56.7Ā
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PROBLEM 5.29
The frame for a sign is fabricated from thin, flat steel bar stock of mass
per unit length 4.73 kg/m. The frame is supported by a pin at C and by a
cable AB. Determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First note that because the frame is fabricated from uniform bar stock, its center of gravity will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, m x, m xL, m 2
1 1.35 0.675 0.91125
2 0.6 0.3 0.18
3 0.75 0 0
4 0.75 0.2 0.15
ð
5 (0.75) ý 1.17810 1.07746 1.26936
2
4.62810 2.5106
Then X L ý x L
X (4.62810) ý 2.5106
or X ý 0.54247 m
The free-body diagram of the frame is then
where W ý ( mò L ) g
ý 4.73 kg/m ô 4.62810 m ô 9.81 m/s 2
ý 214.75 N
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3
(b) Fx ý 0: C x ý (125.264 N) ý 0
5
or C x ý 75.158 N
4
Fy ý 0: C y û (125.264 N) ý (214.75 N) ý 0
5
or C y ý 114.539 N
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PROBLEM 5.30
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through C.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, the center of gravity of the wire will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding line. Thus,
X ý 0 so that X L ý 0
L
Then û (ý40 mm)(80 mm) û (ý40 mm)(100 mm) ý 0
2
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PROBLEM 5.31
SOLUTION
L2 ý 9900 L ý 99.5 mm
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PROBLEM 5.32
SOLUTION
A y yA
1 1 1 2
1 ba a a b
2 3 6
1 1 1
2 ý ( kb)h h ý kbh 2
2 3 6
b b 2
( a ý kh) (a ý kh 2 )
2 6
Then Y A ý yA
ùb ù b
Y ú ( a ý kh) ú ý ( a 2 ý kh 2 )
û2 û 6
a 2 ý kh2
or Yý (1)
3(a ý kh)
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a ù
hý 1 ý 1 ý 0.10 ùû or h ý 0.513a
0.10 û
(b) k ý 0.80
a ù
hý 1 ý 1 ý 0.80 ùû or h ý 0.691a
0.80 û
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PROBLEM 5.33
SOLUTION
See solution to Problem 5.32 for analysis leading to the following equations:
a 2 ý kh2
Yý (1)
3(a ý kh)
1 2
Yý ô 2h(a ý kh) or Y ý h
3(a ý kh) 3
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PROBLEM 5.34
SOLUTION
h
We have yý x
a
and dA ý (h ý y )dx
ö xö
ý h ÷ 1 ý ÷ dx
ø aø
xEL ý x
1
yEL ý (h û y )
2
hö xö
ý ÷1 û ÷
2ø aø
a
a ö xö ù x2 ù 1
Then A ý dA ý 0
h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ý h ú x ý ú ý ah
ø a ø û 2 a û0 2
a
a ù ö xö ù ù x 2 x3 ù 1
and x EL dA ý 0
x ú h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ú ý h ú ý ú ý a 2 h
û ø aø û û 2 3a û 0 6
a hö x öù ö xö ù
y EL dA ý 0
÷
2ø
1 û ÷ ú h ÷1 ý ÷ dx ú
a øû ø a ø û
a
h2 aö x2 ö h2 ù x3 ù 1 2
ý
2 0
÷÷1 ý 2
ø a
÷÷ dx ý
ø 2
ú x ý 2 ú ý ah
û 3a û 0 3
ö1 ö 1 2
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a 2 h
ø2 ø 6
xý
3
a
ö1 ö 1 2
y A ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah 2
ø2 ø 3
yý
3
h
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PROBLEM 5.35
SOLUTION
At (a, h), y1 : h ý ka 2
h
or ký
a2
y2 : h ý ma
h
or mý
a
Now xEL ý x
1
yEL ý ( y1 û y2 )
2
ùh h ù
and dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý ú x ý 2 x 2 ú dx
û a a û
h
ý 2 (ax ý x 2 )dx
a
a
a h h ùa 1 ù 1
Then A ý dA ý 0 a 2
(ax ý x 2 )dx ý 2 ú x 2 ý x3 ú ý ah
a û2 3 û0 6
a
ùh
a h ùa 1 ù 1
and
xEL dA ý
0 ú
x 2 (ax ý x 2 )dx ý 2 ú x 3 ý x 4 ú ý a 2 h
ûa a û3 4 û 0 12
ø ù
1 1 2
y EL dA ý
2
( y1 û y2 )[( y2 ý y1 )dx] ý
2
y2 ý y12 dx
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1 aö h2 2 h2 4 ö
ý
2 0 ÷÷ a 2 x ý a 4 x ÷÷dx
ø ø
a
1 h2 ù a 2 3 1 5 ù
ý ú x ý x ú
2 a4 û 3 5 û0
1
ý ah 2
15
ö1 ö 1 1
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a 2 h
ø 6 ø 12
xý
2
a
ö1 ö 1 2
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah 2
ø 6 ø 15
yý
5
h
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PROBLEM 5.36
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown.
Express your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
For the element (el) shown at
h ý k ø 2a ù
2
x ý 2a, y ý h or
h
ü k=
4a 2
xel ý x
1
yel ý y
2
dA ý ydx
2a
h 2a 2 h ö x3 ö
Then A ý dA ý x dx ý ÷ ÷
4a 2 0
4a 2 ÷ø 3 ÷ø
0
7
ý ah
12
2a
2a ö h ö 2 h ö x4 ö
and xel dA ý x÷ 2 ÷x dx ý ÷ ÷
4a 2 ÷ø 4 ÷ø
a
ø 4a ø a
15 2
ha ý
16
2a 1
yel dA ý a 2 y dx
2
ø ù
2
1 ö hx 2 ö h 2 2a 4
ý ÷÷ 2 ÷÷ dx ý x dx
2 ø 4a ø 32a 4 a
2a
h 2 ù x5 ù 31 2
ý ú ú ý ah
32a 4 û 5 û a
160
ö 7 ö 15 2
Then xA ý xel dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a h or x ý 1.607 a
ø 12 ø 16
ö 7 ö 31 2
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý ah or y ý 0.332h
ø 12 ø 160
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.37
SOLUTION
1
dA ý a (adö )
2
dA ý adx 2
xEL ý a cos ö
xEL ý x 3
a 1
A ý dA ý adx ý 2 a dö
2
0 ý
a2
ý a[ x]0a ý [ö ] ý a 2 (1 ý )
Then 2
a 2 ö1 ö
x EL dA ý x(adx) ý 3 a cosö ÷ø 2 a dö ÷ø
2
0 ý
a
ù x2 ù 1
ý a ú ú ý a3 [sin ö ]ý
û û0 3
2
ö1 2 ö
ý a3 ÷ ý sin ÷
and ø2 3 ø
ö1 2 ö 3 ý 4sin
xA ý xEL dA: x [a 2 (1 ý )] ý a 3 ÷ ý sin ÷
ø2 3 ø
or xý
6(1 ý )
a
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.38
SOLUTION
2r
yEL ý (Figure 5.8B)
ð
dA ý ð rdr
r2
ö r2 ö ð 2 2
ø ù
r2
Then A ý dA ý r1
ð r d r ý ð ÷÷
ø 2
÷÷ ý
ø r1 2
r2 ý r1
r2
2r ö1 ö 2
ø ù
r2
and yEL dA ý r1 ð
(ð rdr ) ý 2 ÷ r 3 ÷ ý r23 ý r13
ø 3 ø r1 3
ùð 4 r23 ý r13
So û 2
ù 2
û 3
ø
yA ý yEL dA: y ú r22 ý r12 ú ý r23 ý r13 ù ø ù or yý
3ð r22 ý r12
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.39
SOLUTION
b 2
For the element (EL) shown, yý a ý x2
a
and dA ý (b ý y )dx
ý
b
a ø
a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ù
xEL ýx
1
yEL ý ( y û b)
2
ý
b
2a ø
a û a2 ý x2 ù
Then
A ý dA ý
a
0
b
a ø
a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ù
To integrate, let x ý a sin ñ : a 2 ý x 2 ý a cos ñ , dx ý a cos ñ dñ
ð /2 b
Then A ý 0 a
(a ý a cos ñ )(a cos ñ dñ )
ð /2
bù öñ 2ñ ö ù
ý ú a 2 sin ñ ý a 2 ÷ û sin ú
aû ø2 4 ÷ø û 0
ö ðö
ý ab ÷ 1 ý ÷
ø 4ø
and x EL dA ý
a
0
ùb
ø ù
x ú a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ú
û a û
ù
ð /2
b ùö a 2 1 2 2 3/2 ö ù
ý ú x û (a ý x ) ÷ ú
a û÷ø 2 3 øû 0
1 3
ý ab
6
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
b
ø ùb
ù ø ù
ù
a
yEL dA ý 0 2a
a û a 2 ý x 2 ú a ý a 2 ý x 2 dx ú
ûa û
a
b2 a b2 ö x3 ö
ý 2 ( x ) dx ý 2
2
÷÷ ÷÷
2a 0 2a ø 3 ø0
1 2
ý ab
6
ù ö ð öù 1 2a
xA ý xEL dA: x ú ab ÷ 1 ý ÷ ú ý a 2 b
û ø 4 øû 6
or x ý
3(4 ý ð )
ù ö ð öù 1 2b
yA ý yEL dA: y ú ab ÷ 1 ý ÷ ú ý ab 2
û ø 4 øû 6
or y ý
3(4 ý ð )
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.40
SOLUTION
At x ý 0, yýb
b
b b ý k (0 ý a) 2 or k ý
yý ( x ý a)2 a2
Then a2
Now xEL ý x
y b
yEL ý ý 2 ( x ý a)2
2 2a
b
dA ý ydx ý 2
( x ý a)2 dx
and a
a b b a 1
( x ý a) 2 dx ý 2 ùø x ý a ù ù ý ab
3
Then A ý dA ý
0 a 2
3a û û0 3
øx ù
a ùb ù b a
x ý x ú 2 ( x ý a) 2 dx ú ý 2 ý 2ax 2 û a 2 x dx
3
and EL dA
0 ûa û a 0
b ö x4 2 3 a2 2 ö 1 2
ý ÷÷ ý ax û x ÷÷ ý a b
a2 ø 4 3 2 ø 12
a
ùb ù b ù1 ù
2
a b
yEL dA ý 0 2a 2
( x ý a) 2 ú 2 ( x ý a) 2 dx ú ý 4 ú ( x ý a)5 ú
ûa û 2a û 5 û0
1 2
ý ab
10
ö1 ö 1 1
Hence
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý a 2 b
ø 3 ø 12
xý
4
a
ö1 ö 1 3
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý ab 2
ø 3 ø 10
yý
10
b
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.41
SOLUTION
b 2
y1 ý k1 x 2 but b ý k1a 2 x y1 ý
a2
b
y2 ý k2 x3 but b ý k2 a 3 y2 ý 3 x3
a
b ö x 3 ö
dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý 2 ÷÷ x 2 ý ÷÷ dx
a ø a ø
xEL ý x
1
yEL ý ( y1 û y2 )
2
b ö x3 ö
ý 2 ÷÷ x 2 û ÷÷
2a ø a ø
b aö x3 ö
A ý dA ý ÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
2
a2 0
ø a ø
a
b ù x3 x 4 ù
ý ú ý ú
a2 û 3 4a û 0
1
ý ba
12
a b ö 2 x3 ö
xEL dA ý 0
x
a2
÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
ø a ø
b aö x4 ö
ý ý
3
÷÷ x ÷ dx
a2 0
ø a ÷ø
a
b ù x 4 x5 ù
ý 2ú ý ú
a û 4 5a û 0
1 2
ý a b
20
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a b ö 2 x3 ö b ö 2 x3 ö
yEL dA ý 0
÷ x û ÷÷ 2
2a 2 ÷ø a øa
÷÷ x ý ÷÷ dx
ø a ø
b2 aö x6 ö
ý ÷÷ x ý 2 ÷÷ dx
4
2a 4 0
ø a ø
a
b2 ù x5 x7 ù 1
ý 4 ú ý 2ú
ý ab 2
2a û 5 7 a û0 35
ö 1 ö 1 2 3
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ba ÷ ý
ø 12 ø 20
a b xý a
5
ö 1 ö 1 12
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ba ÷ ý ab 2
ø 12 ø 35
yý
35
b
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.42
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 aö x x2 ö
yEL ý y ý ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷
2 2ø L L ø
ö x x2 ö
dA ý y dx ý a ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷ dx
ø L L ø
2L
2L ö x x2 ö ù x2 x3 ù
Then A ý dA ý 0
a ÷÷ 1 ý û 2
ø L L
÷÷ dx ý a ú x ý
ø û
û 2ú
2 L 3L û 0
8
ý aL
3
2L
2L ù ö x x2 ö ù ù x 2 x3 x4 ù
and x EL dA ý 0
x ú a ÷÷1 ý û 2 ÷÷ dx ú ý a ú ý
úû ø L L ø úû
û 2ú
û 2 3L 4 L û 0
10 2
ý aL
3
2L aö x x2 öù öö ù x x2
yEL dA ý 0
÷÷ 1 ý û 2
2ø L L
÷÷ ú a ÷÷1 ý û 2
÷÷ dx ú
ø úû ø
ø úû L L
a2 EL ö x x2 x3 x 4 ö
ý
2 0
÷÷1 ý 2 û 3 2 ý 2 3 û 4 ÷÷ dx
ø L L L L ø
2L
a2 ù x 2 x3 x4 x5 ù
ý ú x ý û ý û ú
2 û L L2 2 L3 5 L4 û 0
11 2
ý a L
5
ö 8 ö 10 5
Hence,
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ aL ÷ ý aL2
ø3 ø 3
xý
4
L
ö 1 ö 11 33
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø8 ø 5
yý
40
a
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.43
SOLUTION
a
For y2 at x ý a, y ý b, a ý kb 2 , or k ý
b2
b
Then y2 ý x1/ 2
a
Now xEL ý x
a y2 b x1/ 2
and for 0 ó x ó , yEL ý ý
2 2 2 a
x1/ 2
dA ý y2 dx ý b dx
a
a 1 b ö x 1 x1/2 ö
For ó x ó a, yEL ý ( y1 û y2 ) ý ÷÷ ý û ÷÷
2 2 2ø a 2 a ø
ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö
dA ý ( y2 ý y1 )dx ý b ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ dx
ø a a 2ø
a
a/2 x1/ 2 aö x1/2 x 1 ö b ù 2 3/ 2 ù
a/ 2
ù 2 x3/ 2 x 2 1 ù
Then A ý dA ý 0
b
a
dx û
a/2
b ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ dx ý
ø a a 2ø
ú
a û3
x ú
û0
û b ú ý û xú
û 3 a 2a 2 û a/ 2
2 b ùö a ö öaö ù
3/ 2 3/2
ý ú÷ ÷ û (a )3/2 ý ÷ ÷ ú
3 a úûø 2 ø ø 2 ø úû
üÿ 1 ù öaö ù 1ù
2
ö a ö ù üÿ
û b ýý ú(a 2 ) ý ÷ ÷ ú û ú(a) ý ÷ ÷ ú ý
ÿþ 2a úû ø 2 ø úû 2 û ø 2 ø û ÿþ
13
ý ab
24
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
a/ 2 ö x1/ 2 ö a ù ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö ù
and xEL dA ý 0
x ÷÷ b
ø a
dx ÷÷ û
ø
a/ 2
x úb ÷÷ ý û ÷÷ ú dx
úû ø a a 2 ø úû
a
b ù 2 5/ 2 ù
a/ 2
ù 2 x5/ 2 x3 x 4 ù
ý ú x ú û b ú ý û ú
a û5 û0 û 5 a 3a 4 û a/ 2
2 b ùö a ö öaö ù
5/ 2 5/ 2
ý ú÷ ÷ û (a)5/ 2 ý ÷ ÷ ú
5 a ûúø 2 ø ø 2 ø ûú
üÿ 1 ù öaö ù 1ù
3
ö a ö ù üÿ
2
û b ý ý ú ( a )3 ý ÷ ÷ ú û ú ( a ) 2 ý ÷ ÷ ú ý
ÿþ 3a ûú ø 2 ø ûú 4 ûú ø 2 ø ûú ÿþ
71 2
ý a b
240
a/ 2 b x1/2 ù x1/ 2 ù
yEL dA ý 0 2 a û
úb
a û
dx ú
a b ö x 1 x1/ 2 ö ù ö x1/ 2 x 1 ö ù
û ÷ ý û
a/ 2 2 ÷ a
ø 2
÷ úb ÷ ý û ÷ dx ú
a ÷ø ûú ÷ø a a 2 ÷ø ûú
a
b 2 ùö x 2 1 ö x 1 ö öù
a/ 2 3
b2 ù 1 2 ù
ý û ú ÷ ý ý ÷ú
2 úø÷ 2a 3a ÷ø a 2 ÷ø ø÷ ú
x
2a ûú 2 ûú 0
û û a/ 2
b ùö a ö
2 2ù 3
öaö b2 ö a 1 ö
ý ú÷ ÷ û ( a ) 2 ý ÷ ÷ úý ÷ ý ÷
4a úûø 2 ø ø2ø úû 6a ø 2 2 ø
11 2
ý ab
48
ö 13 ö 71 2 17
Hence,
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 24 ø 240
a b xý
130
a
ö 13 ö 11 2 11
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 24 ø 48
ab yý
26
b
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.44
SOLUTION
2b
For y1 at x ý a, y ý 2b, 2b ý ka 2 , or k ý
a2
2b 2
Then y1 ý x
a2
b ö xö
By observation, y2 ý ý ( x û 2b) ý b ÷ 2 ý ÷
a ø a ø
Now xEL ý x
1 b 2b 2
and for 0 ó x ó a, yEL ý y1 ý 2 x 2 and dA ý y1 dx ý x dx
2 a a2
1 bö xö ö xö
For a ó x ó 2a, y EL ý y2 ý ÷ 2 ý ÷ and dA ý y2 dx ý b ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx
2 2ø aø ø aø
a 2b 2 2a ö xö
Then A ý dA ý 0 a2
x dx û a
b ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx
ø aø
2a
ù aö xö ù
a
2b ù x3 ù
2
7
ý 2 ú ú û b ú ý ÷ 2 ý ÷ ú ý ab
a û 3 û0 úû 2 ø a ø úû
0
6
a ö 2b ö 2a ù ö xö ù
and x EL dA ý 0
x ÷ 2 x 2 dx ÷ û
ø a ø a
x úb ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx ú
û ø aø û
a 2a
2b ù x 4 ù ù 2 x3 ù
ý 2 ú ú û b úx ý ú
a û 4 û0 û 3a û 0
1 2 ü 1
ù(2a 2 ) ý (a )3 ù ýü
ý a b û b ý ûù(2a) 2 ý (a )2 ûù û û ûþ
2 þ 3a
7
ý a 2b
6
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a b 2 ù 2b 2 ù 2a bö x öù ö xö ù
y EL dA ý 0
x
a 2 úû a 2
x dx ú û
û 0
÷
2ø
2 ý ÷ úb ÷ 2 ý ÷ dx ú
a øû ø aø û
2a
b2 ù a ö xö ù
a
2b2 ù x5 ù
3
ý 4 ú ú û úý ÷ 2 ý ÷ ú
a û 5 û 0 2 úû 3 ø a ø úû
a
17
ý ab 2
30
ö7 ö 7
Hence,
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ab ÷ ý a 2b
ø6 ø 6
x ýa
ö 7 ö 17 2 17
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ab ÷ ý
ø 6 ø 30
ab yý
35
b
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.45
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
ö3 ö 3 2
Hence,
xL ý xEL dL : x ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø2 ø 5
xý
5
a
Alternative Solution:
2/3
öxö
x ý a cos3 ñ cos 2 ñ ý ÷ ÷
øaø
2/3
ö yö
y ý a sin ñ sin ñ ý ÷ ÷
3 2
øaø
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2/3 2/3
öxö ö yö
÷a÷ û÷ ÷ ý 1 or y ý (a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )3/ 2
ø ø øaø
dy
Then ý (a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )1/ 2 (ý x ý1/3 )
dx
Now xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
and dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷
ø dx ø
1/ 2
2
dx ý 1 û ùû(a 2/3 ý x 2/3 )1/ 2 (ý x ý1/3 ) ùû dx
a
a a1/3 ù3 ù 3
Then L ý dL ý 0 x1/3
dx ý a1/3 ú x 2/3 ú ý a
û2 û0 2
a ö a1/3 ö ù3 ù
a
3
and xEL dL ý 0
x ÷÷ 1/3 dx ÷÷ ý a1/3 ú x5/3 ú ý a 2
øx ø û 5 û0 5
ö3 ö 3 2
Hence
xL ý xEL dL : x ÷ a ÷ ý a 2
ø2 ø 5
xý
5
a
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.46
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
7ð / 4 3
Then L ý dL ý ð /4
r dñ ý r[ñ ]ð7ð/ 4/ 4 ý ð r
2
7ð / 4
and xEL dL ý ð /4
r cos ñ (rdñ )
ý r 2 [sin ñ ] ð7ð/ 4/ 4
ö 1 1 ö
ý r2 ÷ ý ý ÷
ø 2 2ø
ý ýr 2 2
ö3 ö 2 2
Thus
xL ý x dL : x ÷ ð r ÷ ý ýr 2 2
ø2 ø
x ýý
3ð
r
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.47*
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
1
We have at x ý a, y ý a, a ý ka3/2 , or k ý
a
1
Then y ý x3/ 2
a
dy 3 1/ 2
and ý x
dx 2 a
Now xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
and dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷ dx
ø dx ø
1/ 2
ù ö 3 2ù
1/ 2 ö
ú
ý 1û ÷ x ÷ ú dx
úû ø 2 a ø úû
1
ý 4a û 9 x dx
2 a
a 1
Then L ý dL ý 0 2 a
4a û 9 x dx
a
1 ù2 1 ù
ý ú ô (4a û 9 x)3/ 2 ú
2 a û3 9 û0
a
ý [(13)3/ 2 ý 8]
27
ý 1.43971a
a ù 1 ù
and xEL dL ý 0
xú
û2 a
4a û 9 x dx ú
û
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
uýx dv ý 4a û 9 x dx
2
du ý dx vý (4a û 9 x)3/2
27
1 üÿ ù üÿ
a
2 3/ 2 ù 2
a
Then xEL dL ý ýú
2 a þÿ û
x ô
27
(4 a û 9 x ) ú ý
û0 0 27
(4a û 9 x)3/ 2 dx ý
þÿ
a
(13)3/ 2 2 1 ù2 ù
ý a ý ú (4a û 9 x)5/ 2 ú
27 27 a û 45 û0
a2 ü 2 ü
ý ý(13) ý [(13) ý 32]ý
3/ 2 5/ 2
27 þ 45 þ
ý 0.78566a 2
xL ý xEL dL : x (1.43971a) ý 0.78566a 2 or x ý 0.546 a
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.48*
SOLUTION
2 2
We have xEL ý r cos ñ ý aeñ cos ñ
3 3
2 2 ñ
yEL ý r sin ñ ý ae sin ñ
3 3
1 1
and dA ý ( r )( rdñ ) ý a 2 e 2ñ d ñ
2 2
ð
ð 1 2 2ñ 1 ù1 ù
Then A ý dA ý
0 2
a e dñ ý a 2 ú e 2ñ ú
2 û2 û0
1 2 2ð
ý a (e ý 1)
4
ý 133.623a 2
ð 2 ñ ö1 ö
and xEL dA ý 0 3
ae cos ñ ÷ a 2 e2ñ dñ ÷
ø2 ø
1 ð
ý a3
3 0
e3ñ cos ñ dñ
e
3ñ
Then cosñ dñ ý e3ñ sin ñ ý sin ñ (3e3ñ dñ )
Then e
3ñ
cos ñ dñ ý e3ñ sin ñ ý 3 ùú ýe3ñ cos ñ ý (ý cos ñ )(3e3ñ dñ ) ùú
û û
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
e3ñ
so that e3ñ cos ñ dñ ý
10
(sin ñ û 3cos ñ )
ð
1 ù e3ñ ù
xEL dA ý a 3 ú
3 û 10
(sin ñ û 3cos ñ ) ú
û0
a3
ý (ý3e3ð ý 3) ý ý1239.26a 3
30
ð 2 ñ ö1 ö
Also, yEL dA ý 0 3
ae sin ñ ÷ a 2 e2ñ dñ ÷
ø 2 ø
1 ð
ý a3
3 0
e3ñ sin ñ dñ
dv ý sin ñ dñ and v ý ý cos ñ
e
3ñ
Then sin ñ dñ ý ýe3ñ cosñ ý (ý cos ñ )(3e3ñ dñ )
e3ñ
so that e3ñ sin ñ dñ ý
10
(ý cos ñ û 3sin ñ )
ð
1 ù e3ñ ù
yEL dA ý a3 ú
3 û 10
(ý cos ñ û 3sin ñ ) ú
û0
a3 3ð
ý (e û 1) ý 413.09a 3
30
Hence,
xA ý xEL dA: x (133.623a 2 ) ý ý1239.26a3 or x ý ý9.27 a
yA ý yEL dA: y (133.623a 2 ) ý 413.09a3 or y ý 3.09a
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lOMoARcPSD|16402837
PROBLEM 5.49*
SOLUTION
ðx
y ý a sin
L
1
xEL ý x, yEL ý
y, dA ý y dx
2
L/2 L/2 ðx
Aý
0 y dx ý a
0
sin
L
dx
L/2
ùLö ð x öù aL
A ý a ú ÷ ý cos ú ý
ûð ø L ÷ø û 0 ð
L/2 L/2 ðx
x EL dA ý 0
xydx ý 0
xa sin
L
dx
ðx L L
Setting u ý , we have x ý u , dx ý du,
L ð ð
2
ð /2 ö L ö öL ö öLö ð /2
xEL dA ý 0
÷ ð u ÷ a sin u ÷ ð du ÷ ý a ÷ ð ÷
ø ø ø ø ø ø 0
u sin x du
2
öLö ü ð /2 ü aL
2
Integrating by parts, xEL dA ý a ÷ ÷ ý[ýu cos u ]ð0 / 2 û
øð ø þ 0
cos u duý ý 2
þ ð
L/2 1 2 1 L/2 ðx a2 L ð /2
yEL dA ý 0 2
y dx ý a 2
2 0
sin 2
L
dx ý
2ð 0
sin 2 u du
ð /2
a2 L ð /2 1 a2 L ù 1 ù 1
ý
2ð 2 0 2
(1 ý cos 2u )du ý
4ð û ú u ý sin 2u ú
2 û0
ý a2 L
8
ö aL ö aL
2
L
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ÷ ý 2 xý
øð ø ð ð
ö aL ö 1 2 ð
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ÷ý a L
øð ø 8
yý
8
a
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PROBLEM 5.50
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 1ö 1ö
yEL ý y ý ÷1 ý ÷
2 2ø xø
ö 1ö
and dA ý ydx ý ÷1 ý ÷ dx
ø xø
1 1a
a dx
ý ø ax ù û ø ln x ù 1 ý (1 û 2 ln a )
a
Then A ý dA ý a adx û 1
0
a
x 0
a
1
dx ù ax 2 ù a
1
1 1 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a
x
a
and EL dA ý a xdx û 1 x ýú ú û x 1 ý û a ý ý
0
a
x û 2 û0 a 2a a 2a
1 a
1 2 1 dx a 2 a ý ö ö
1 1 a 1 a 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a a
1
yEL dA ý y dx ý a a 2 dx û ý ý ý û ý
2 ÷ø x ÷ø 1
1 x
0 2 2 0
a
2x2 2 0
2 2a 2 2a
a
2a 2 ý 1 2a 2 ý 1
xA ý xEL dA: x ø1 û 2ln a ù ý
xýyý
2a 2a ø1 û 2 ln a ù
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PROBLEM 5.51
SOLUTION
We have xEL ý x
1 1ö 1ö
yEL ý y ý ÷1 ý ÷
2 2ø xø
ö 1ö
and dA ý ydx ý ÷1 ý ÷ dx
ø xø
1 1a
a dx
ý ø ax ù û ø ln x ù 1 ý (1 û 2 ln a )
a
Then A ý dA ý a adx û 1
0
a
x 0
a
1
dx ù ax 2 ù a
1
1 1 2a 2 ý 1
ú û û xý1 ý
a
x
a
and EL dA ý a xdx û 1 x ýú ûaý ý
0
a
x û 2 û0 a 2a a 2a
1 a
1 2 1 dx a 2 a ý ö ö
1 1 a 1 a 2a 2 ý 1
û ý
a a
1
yEL dA ý y dx ý a a 2 dx û ý ý ý û ý
2 ÷ø x ÷ø 1
1 x
0 2 2 0
a
2x2 2 0
2 2a 2 2a
a
2a 2 ý 1
xA ý xEL dA: x ø1 û 2 ln a ù ý
2a
2a 2 ý 1
xýyý
2a ø1 û 2 ln a ù
2(4) 2 ý 1
We have xýyý or x ý y ý 1.027 cm
2 ø 4 ùø1 û 2 ln 4 ù
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PROBLEM 5.52
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating
the area of Prob. 5.1 about (a) the x axis, (b) the line x = 72 mm.
SOLUTION
A ý 2632.5 mm 2
xA ý 111,172.5 mm3
yA ý 63, 787.5 mm3
Volume ý 2ð yarea A ý 2ð yA
ý 2ð (63,787.5 mm3 ) or Volume ý 401 ô 103 mm3
ø ù ø
ý 2ð ùø 72 mm ù 2632.5 mm 2 ý 111,172.5 mm 3 ù
û û ù or Volume ý 492 ô 103 mm3
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PROBLEM 5.53
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating
the area of Problem 5.1 about (a) the x-axis, (b) the y-axis.
SOLUTION
From the solution of Problem 5.1, we have
A = 11 cm2
Σ xA = 11.5 cm3
Σ yA = 39.5 cm3
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PROBLEM 5.54
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the
area of Problem 5.6 about (a) the line x ý ý60 mm, (b) the line y ý 120 mm.
SOLUTION
A ý 7200 mm 2
x A ý ý72 ô 103 mm3
y A ý 629.83 ô 103 mm3
Volume ý 2ð ( x û 60) A ý 2ð ( xA û 60 A)
ý 2ð [ ý72 ô 103 û 60(7200)] Volume ý 2.26 ô 106 mm3
where x1 , x2 , x3 are measured with respect to line x ý ý60 mm. Area ý 116.3 ô 103 mm2
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PROBLEM 5.55
Determine the volume and the surface area of the chain link
shown, which is made from a 6-mm-diameter bar, if R ý 10 mm
and L ý 30 mm.
SOLUTION
The area A and circumference C of the cross section of the bar are
ð
Aý d 2 and C ý ð d .
4
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal
semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have for the volume V,
V ý 2(Vside ) û 2(Vend )
ý 2( AL) û 2(ð RA)
ý 2( L û ð R ) A
ùð ù
or V ý 2[30 mm û ð (10 mm)] ú (6 mm)2 ú
û4 û
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PROBLEM 5.56
SOLUTION
4
First, from Figure 5.8a, we have A ý ah
3
2
yý h
5
Volume ý 2ð yA
ö 2 öö 4 ö 16
ý 2ð ÷ h ÷÷ ah ÷ or Volume ý ð ah 2
ø 5 øø 3 ø 15
Volume ý 2ð (2a) A
ö4 ö 16 2
ý 2ð (2a ) ÷ ah ÷ or Volume ý ða h
ø3 ø 3
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PROBLEM 5.57
Verify that the expressions for the volumes of the first four shapes in Fig. 5.21 are correct.
SOLUTION
ö 4a öö ð 2 ö 2 3
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ a ÷ or Vý ða
ø 3ð øø 4 ø 3
ö 4a öö ð ö 2
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ ha ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h
ø 3ð øø 4 ø 3
ö 3 öö 2 ö 1
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ a ÷÷ ah ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h
ø 8 øø 3 ø 2
ö a öö 1 ö 1
We have V ý 2ð y A ý 2ð ÷ ÷÷ ha ÷ or V ý ð a 2 h
ø 3 øø 2 ø 3
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PROBLEM 5.58
Knowing that two equal caps have been removed from a 10-cm-diameter
wooden sphere, determine the total surface area of the remaining portion.
SOLUTION
The surface area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of
Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A ý 2 ð XL ý 2 ð x L
ý 2ð (2 x1 L1 û x2 L2 )
4
Now tan ý
3
or ý 53.130Ā
5 cm ô sin 53.130 Ā
Then x2 ý ð
53.130Ā ô 180 Ā
ý 4.3136 cm
ö ð ö
and L2 ý 2 ÷ 53.130Ā ô ÷ (5 cm)
ø 180Ā ø
ý 9.2729 cm
ù ö3 ö ù
Aý 2ð ú 2 ÷ cm÷ (3 cm) û (4.3136 cm)(9.2729 cm)ú
û ø2 ø û
or A ý 308 cm 2
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SOLUTION SOLUTION
Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, the contact area AC of a belt
is given by:
AC = π yL = π Σ yL
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that are
in contact with the pulley.
(a) AC = π [2( y1 L1 ) + y2 L2 ]
0.125 0.125 cm
=π 2 3− cm +[(3 − 0.125) cm](0.625 cm)
2 cos 20°
or AC = 8.10 cm2
(b) AC = π [2( y1 L1 )]
0.375 0.375 cm
= 2π 3 − 0.08 − cm
2 cos 20°
or AC = 6.85 cm2
(c) AC = π [( y1 L1 )]
2(0.25)
=π 3− cm [p (0.25 cm)]
π
or AC = 7.01 cm2
614
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PROBLEM 5.60
SOLUTION
The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y-axis. Applying
the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V ý 2ð xA ý 2ð xA
ý 2ð ( x1 A1 û x2 A2 )
ùö 1 1 ö ö 1 1 3 ö ö 2 R sin 30Ā ö ö ð 2 ö ù
ý 2ð ú÷ ô R ÷ ÷ ô R ô R÷ û ÷ ÷ R ÷ú
÷
ûúø 3 2 ø ø 2 2 2 ø÷ ø÷ 3 ô ð6 ø÷ ø÷ 6 ø ûú
ö R3 R3 ö
ý 2ð ÷÷ û ÷÷
ø 16 3 2 3 ø
3 3
ý ð R3
8
3 3
ý ð (0.25 m)3
8
ý 0.031883 m3
Since 103 l ý 1 m3
103 l
V ý 0.031883 m3 ô V ý 31.9 liters
1 m3
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PROBLEM 5.61
Determine the volume and total surface area of the bushing shown.
SOLUTION
Volume:
The volume can be obtained by rotating the triangular area shown through ð radians about the y axis.
The area of the triangle is:
1
Aý ø 52 ùø 60 ù ý 1560 mm 2
2
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
ø
V ý ð xA ý ð ø 52 mm ù 1560 mm 2 ù or V ý 255 ô 103 mm3
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of ð radians about the y
axis.
Line DE : L2 ý 52 mm x2 ý 20 û 22 û 26 ý 68 mm
74
Line BE : L3 ý 74 2 û 60 2 ý 95.268 mm x1 ý 20 û ý 57 mm
2
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Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the lines:
ù1 ù
AE ý 2 ú ø 52 ùø 60 ù ú ý 3.12 ô 103 mm 2
û 2 û
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PROBLEM 5.62
Determine the volume and weight of the solid brass knob shown, knowing
that the density of brass is 8470 kg/m3.
SOLUTION
π
1 (0.75) 2 = 0.4418 0.8183 0.3615
4
2 (0.5)(0.75) = 0.375 0.25 0.0938
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PROBLEM 5.63
Determine the total surface area of the solid brass knob shown.
SOLUTION
L, cm y , cm yL, cm2
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PROBLEM 5.64
The aluminum shade for the small high-intensity lamp shown has a uniform thickness of 1 mm. Knowing
that the density of aluminum is 2800 kg/m3, determine the mass of the shade.
SOLUTION
m ý òV ý ò At
where A is the surface area and t is the thickness of the shade. The area can be generated by rotating the line
shown about the x-axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus Guldinus, we have
A ý 2ð yL ý 2ð yL
ý 2ð ( y1 L1 û y2 L2 û y3 L3 û y4 L4 )
ù13 mm ö 13 û 16 ö
or A ý 2ð ú (13 mm) û ÷ ÷ mm ô (32 mm) û (3 mm)
2 2
û 2 ø 2 ø
ö 16 û 28 ö
û÷ ÷ mm ô (8 mm) û (12 mm)
2 2
ø 2 ø
ö 28 û 33 ö ù
û÷ ÷ mm ô (28 mm) 2 û (5 mm)2 ú
ø 2 ø û
ý 2ð (84.5 û 466.03 û 317.29 û 867.51)
ý 10,903.4 mm 2
Then m ý ò At or
ý3
ý (2800 kg/m )(10.9034 ô 10 m )(0.001 m)
3 2
m ý 0.0305 kg
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PROBLEM 5.65*
SOLUTION
First note that the required surface area A can be generated by rotating the parabolic cross section through ð
radians about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A ý ð xL
and xEL ý x
2
ö dy ö
dL ý 1 û ÷ ÷ dx
ø dx ø
dy
where ý 2kx
dx
Then dL ý 1 û 4k 2 x 2 dx
ø 1 û 4k x dx ù
100
xL ý xEL dL ý
2 2
We have x
0
100
ù1 1 ù
xL ý ú (1 û 4k 2 x 2 )3/ 2 ú
û û0
2
3 4 k
ý
1 1
12 (0.025)2
[1 û 4(0.025) 2 (100) 2 ]3/2 ý (1)3/2
ý 17,543.3 mm 2
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PROBLEM 5.66
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the magnitude
and location of the resultant of the distributed load, (b) the
reactions at the beam supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a ) RI ý (400 N/m) (6 m)
2
ý 1200 N
RII ý (1600 N/m) (6 m)
ý 4800 N
û Fy ý 0 : ý R ý ý RI ý RII
R ý 1200 N û 4800 N
R ý 6000 N
R ý 6000 N ÿ , X ý 3.60 m
A ý 6000 N
M A ý 0: M A ý (6000 N) (3.60 m) ý 0
M A ý 21.6 kN m
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PROBLEM 5.67
SOLUTION
1
(a) RI ý (1100 N/m) (6 m) ý 2200 N
3
RII ý (900 N/m) (6 m) ý 5400 N
R ý RI û RII ý 2200 û 5400 ý 7600 N
B ý 3.25 kN
Fy ý 0: A û 3250.0 N ý 7600 N ý 0
A ý 4350.0 N
A ý 4.35 kN
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PROBLEM 5.68
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
A = 575 N
M A = 475 N ⋅ m
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PROBLEM 5.69
SOLUTION
1
RI ý (200 N/m)(0.3 m)
2
ý 30 N
RII ý (200 N/m)(0.5 m)
ý 100 N
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A D
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given
B C loading.
3m 6m
2m
SOLUTION
1
We have R I= (3 m)(480 N/m) = 720 N
2
1
R II = (6 m)(600 N/m) = 1800 N
2
R III = (2 m)(600 N/m) = 1200 N
Then ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0
or C y = 2360 N C = 2.36 kN
or By = 1360 N B = 1.36 kN
626
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PROBLEM 5.71
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading by the loadings shown below. Both loadings are equivalent since they are
both defined by a linear relation between load and distance and have the same values at the end points.
1
R1 ý (900 N/m) (1.5 m) ý 675 N
2
1
R2 ý (400 N/m) (1.5 m) ý 300 N
2
B ý 270 N B ý 270 N
A ý 105.0 N A ý 105.0 N
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200 N/m
Parabolas PROBLEM 5.72
100 N/m
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given
A B loading.
4m 2m
SOLUTION
1
We have RI = (4 m)(200 N/m) = 266.7 N
3
1
RII = (2 m)(100 N/m) = 66.7 N
3
Then ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
or Ay = 333.4 N A = 333 N
or M A = 633.55 N ⋅ m M A = 634 N ⋅ m
629
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PROBLEM 5.73
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading with the loading shown below. The two loadings are equivalent because
both are defined by a parabolic relation between load and distance and the values at the end points are the
same.
Then Fx ý 0: Ax ý 0
Fy ý 0: Ay û 1800 N ý 4800 N ý 0
or Ay ý 3000 N A ý 3.00 kN
ö 15 ö
M A ý 0: M A û (3 m)(1800 N) ý ÷ m ÷ (4800 N) ý 0
ø 4 ø
or M A ý 12.6 kN m M A ý 12.60 kN m
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PROBLEM 5.74
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have RI ý (a m)(1800 N/m) ý 900a N
2
1
RII ý [(4 ý a ) m](600 N/m) ý 300(4 ý a ) N
2
or Ay û By ý 1200 û 600a
ùö aö ù
Also, M B ý 0: ý (4 m) Ay û ú÷ 4 ý ÷ m ú [(900a ) N]
ûø 3ø û
ù1 ù
û ú (4 ý a) m ú [300(4 ý a) N] ý 0
û 3 û
Equating Eqs. (1) and (2), 600 û 300a ý 400 û 700a ý 50a 2
or a 2 ý 8a û 4 ý 0
8 ā ( ý8) 2 ý 4(1)(4)
Then aý
2
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PROBLEM 5.75
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have RI ý (a m)(1800 N/m) ý 900a N
2
1
RII ý [(4 ý a )m](600 N/m) ý 300(4 ý a ) N
2
öa ö ö8ûa ö
Then M A ý 0: ý ÷ m ÷ (900a N) ý ÷ m ÷ [300(4 ý a )N] û (4 m) By ý 0
ø3 ø ø 3 ø
dBy
Then ý 100a ý 100 ý 0 or a ý 1.000 m
da
and Fx ý 0: Ax ý 0
or Ay ý 1050 N A ý 1050 N
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PROBLEM 5.76
SOLUTION
1 1
RI ý wO (12 m) ý (400 N/m)(12 m) ý 2400 N
2 2
1
RII ý (300 N/m)(12 m) ý 1800 N
2
C ý 428.57 N C ý 429 N
B ý 3771 N B ý 3.77 kN
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PROBLEM 5.77
SOLUTION
1
For wO , RI ý wO (12 m) ý 6 wO
2
1
RII ý (300 N/m)(12 m) ý 1800 N
2
RI ý 6(900) ý 5400 N
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PROBLEM 5.78
The beam AB supports two concentrated loads and rests on soil that
exerts a linearly distributed upward load as shown. Determine the
values of A and B corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
1
RI ý A (1.8 m) ý 0.9 A
2
1
RII ý B (1.8 m) ý 0.9B
2
M D ý 0: (24 kN)(1.2 ý a ) ý (30 kN)(0.3 m) ý (0.9 A )(0.6 m) ý 0 (1)
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PROBLEM 5.79
For the beam and loading of Prob. 5.78, determine (a) the
distance a for which A ý 20 kN/m, (b) the corresponding value of
B.
SOLUTION
1
We have RI ý (1.8 m)(20 kN/m) ý 18 kN
2
1
RII ý (1.8 m)(B kN/m) ý 0.9B kN
2
(a) M C ý 0: (1.2 ý a )m ô 24 kN ý 0.6 m ô 18 kN ý 0.3 m ô 30 kN ý 0
or a ý 0.375 m
or B ý 40.0 kN/m
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PROBLEM 5.80
SOLUTION
The free body shown consists of a 1-m thick section of the dam and the triangular section of water above
the dam.
Note: x1 ý 6 m
x2 ý (9 û 3) m ý 12 m
x3 ý ø15 û 2 ù m ý 17 m
x4 ý ø15 û 4 ù m ý 19 m
(a) Now W ý ÷V
ù1 ù
So that W1 ý (2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) ú (9 m) ø15 mù(1 m)ú ý 1589,22 kN
û2 û
W2 ý (2.4 ô 10 kg/m )(9.81 m/s ) [(6 m)(18 m)(1 m )] ý 2542.75 kN
3 3 2
ù1 ù
W3 ý (2.4 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 ) ú ø 6 mù ø18 mù (1 m )ú ý 1271.38 kN
û 2 û
ù 1 ù
W3 ý (1 ô 10 3 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2) ú ø 6 mù ø18 mù (1 m)ú ý 529.74 kN
û2 û
1 1
Also Pý Ap ý [(18 m)(1 m)][ (1 ô 10 3 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2) (18 m)] ý 1589.22 kN
2 2
Then Fx ý 0: H ý 1589.22 kN ý 0 or H ý 1589.2 kN
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or V ý 5933.1 kN V ý 5933.1 kN
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PROBLEM 5.81
SOLUTION
(a) Consider free body made of dam and section BDE of water. (Thickness ý 1 m)
Fx ý 0: H ý 44.145 kN ý 0
H ý 44.145 kN H ý 44.1 kN
V ý 227.6 kN V ý 228 kN
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1
x1 ý (1.5 m) ý 0.75 m
2
1
x2 ý 1.5 m û (2 m) ý 2 m
4
5
x3 ý 1.5 m û (2 m) ý 2.75 m
8
M A ý 0: xV ý xW û P (1 m) ý 0
ýR ý 59.1 kN 41.6Ā
R ý 59.1 kN 41.6Ā
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PROBLEM 5.82
The dam for a lake is designed to withstand the additional force caused by
silt that has settled on the lake bottom. Assuming that silt is equivalent to
a liquid of density ò s ý 1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 and considering a 1-m-wide
section of dam, determine the percentage increase in the force acting on
the dam face for a silt accumulation of depth 2 m.
SOLUTION
First, determine the force on the dam face without the silt.
1 1
We have Pw ý Apw ý A( ò gh)
2 2
1
ý [(6.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(6.6 m)]
2
ý 213.66 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt
1
We have Pwò ý [(4.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(4.6 m)]
2
ý 103.790 kN
( Ps ) I ý [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(4.6 m)]
ý 90.252 kN
1
( Ps )II ý [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(1.76 ô 103 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(2.0 m)]
2
ý 34.531 kN
Then P ò ý Pwò û ( Ps ) I û ( Ps )II ý 228.57 kN
The percentage increase, % inc., is then given by
P ò ý Pw
% inc. ý ô 100%
Pw
(228.57 ý 213.66)
ý ô 100%
213.66
ý 6.9874% % inc. ý 6.98%
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PROBLEM 5.83
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 5.84
An automatic valve consists of a 225 × 225-mm square plate that is
pivoted about a horizontal axis through A located at a distance
h = 90 mm above the lower edge. Determine the depth of water d for
which the valve will open.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram:
0.09 m
( )( )
p1 = 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 ( d − 0.225 m) = (9810d − 2207.3) N/m2
1 1
P2 = p2 A = (9810d ) N/m2 (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2 2
= (248.32d ) N
ΣM A = 0: − (0.15 − 0.09) m (248.32d − 55.872) N + (0.09 − 0.075) m (248.32d ) N = 0
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PROBLEM 5. 85
An automatic valve consists of a 225 × 225-mm square plate that is
pivoted about a horizontal axis through A. If the valve is to open when
the depth of water is d = 450 mm, determine the distance h from the
bottom of the valve to the pivot A.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram:
( )( )
p1 = 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 (0.225 m) = 2207.3 N/m2
P1 =
1 1
( )
p A = 2207.3 N/m2 (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2 1 2
= 55.872 N
P2 =
1
2
1
( )
p2 A = 4414.5 N/m2 (0.225 m)(0.225 m)
2
= 111.742 N
h = 100.0 mm t
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PROBLEM 5.86
The 3 ô 4-m side AB of a tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by a
thin rod BC. The maximum tensile force the rod can withstand without breaking
is 200 kN, and the design specifications require the force in the rod not to exceed
20 percent of this value. If the tank is slowly filled with water, determine the
maximum allowable depth of water d in the tank.
SOLUTION
1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gd )
2 2
d
Now M A ý 0: hT ý Pý0
3
where hý3m
Then for d max ,
d max ù 1 ù
(3 m)(0.2 ô 200 ô 103 N) ý ú (4 m ô d max ) ô (103 kg/m3 ô 9.81 m/s 2 ô d max ) ú ý 0
3 û2 û
or d max ý 2.64 m
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PROBLEM 5.87
The 3 ô 4-m side of an open tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by
a thin rod BC. The tank is to be filled with glycerine, whose density is 1263
kg/m3. Determine the force T in the rod and the reactions at the hinge after the
tank is filled to a depth of 2.9 m.
SOLUTION
1 1
We have Pý Ap ý A( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý [(2.9 m)(4 m)] [(1263 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(2.9 m)]
2
= 208.40 kN
Then Fy ý 0: Ay ý 0
ö 2.9 ö
M A ý 0: (3 m)T ý ÷ m ÷ (208.4 kN) ý 0
ø 3 ø
or T ý 67.151 kN T ý 67.2 kN
Fx ý 0: Ax û 208.40 kN ý 67.151 kN ý 0
or Ax ý ý141.249 kN A ý 141.2 kN
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PROBLEM 5.88
SOLUTION
1 2
M A ý 0: (0.8 m)(882.9 N) + (0.8 m)(1824.66 N) ý (0.8 m)B ý 0
3 3
or B ý 1510.74 N
or B ý 1511 N 53.1Ā
F ý 0: A û 1510.74 N ý 882.9 N ý 1824.66 N ý 0
or A ý 1197 N 53.1Ā
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PROBLEM 5.89
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 5.90
A
A 1.2 × 0.6-m gate is hinged at A and is held in position by rod CD.
d End D rests against a spring whose constant is 12 kN/m. The spring
0.9 m
1.2 m
C
D is undeformed when the gate is vertical. Assuming that the force
B
exerted by rod CD on the gate remains horizontal, determine the
minimum depth of water d for which the bottom B of the gate will
move to the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor.
0.6 m
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor
0.6
We have sin q = q = 30°
1.2
Then xSP = (0.9 m) tan30°
and FSP = kxSP
= 12 kN/m × 0.9 m × tan30°
= 6235 N
Assume d $ 1.2 m
1 1
We have P= Ap = A(γ h)
2 2
1
Then PI = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2)m]
2
= 3532(d − 1.2)N
1
PII = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2 + 1.2 cos30°)]
2
= 3532(d − 0.1608)N
For d min so that gate opens, W =0
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
−(0.9 m)(6235 N) = 0
or (1412.8d − 1695.4) + (2825.6d − 454.4) − 5611.5 = 0
or d = 1.83 m
d $ 1.2 m assumption correct d = 1.83 m
652
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PROBLEM 5.91
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor
0.6
We have sin q = q = 30°
1.2
Then xSP = (0.9 m) tan30°
and FSP = kxSP = 12 kN/m × 0.9 m × tan30°
= 6235 N
Assume d $ 1.2 m
1 1
We have P= Ap = A(γ h)
2 2
1
Then PI = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2)m]
2
= 3532(d − 1.2)N
1
PII = [(1.2 m)(0.6 m)] × [(9810 N/m3)(d − 1.2 + 1.2 cos30°)]
2
= 3532(d − 0.1608)N
For d min so that gate opens, W = 5000 N
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
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PROBLEM 5.92
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), By 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
aý
ý (0.25 ý h)
3
2 8 ödö
and b ý (0.4) ý ÷ ÷
3 15 ø 3 ø
a 8
Now ý
b 15
d
ý (0.25 ý h) 8
so that 3
ý
2
3 ø ù
(0.4) ý 158 d3 15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d û 15h ý (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
1 1
Now Pò ý Apò ý (d ô 1 m)( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý ò gd (N)
2
2
ö1 8 ö
W ò ý ò gV ý ò g ÷ ô d ô d ô 1 m ÷
ø 2 15 ø
4
ý ò gd 2 (N)
15
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PROBLEM 5.93
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), By 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
aý
ý (0.25 ý h)
3
2 8 ödö
and b ý (0.4) ý ÷ ÷
3 15 ø 3 ø
a 8
Now ý
b 15
d
ý (0.25 ý h) 8
so that 3
ý
2
3 ø ù
(0.4) ý 158 d3 15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d û 15h ý (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
1 1
Now Pò ý Apò ý (d ô 1 m)( ò gd )
2 2
1
ý ò gd (N)
2
2
ö1 8 ö
W ò ý ò gV ý ò g ÷ ô d ô d ô 1 m ÷
ø 2 15 ø
4
ý ò gd 2 (N)
15
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PROBLEM 5.94
0.5 m
r = 0.6 m
SOLUTION
Consider free body consisting of 0.5 m length of the trough and water
l = 0.5 m length of free body
π
W =γv =γ r 2l
4
PA = γ r
1 1 1
P= PA rl = (γ r )rl = γ r 2l
2 2 2
1
ΣM A = 0: Tr − Wr − P r =0
3
π 4r 1 1
Tr − γ r 2l − γ r 2l r =0
4 3π 2 3
1 1 1
T = γ r 2l + γ r 2l = γ r 2l
3 6 2
1
Then T= (9810 N/m3)(0.6 m)2(0.5 m)
2
= 882.9 N T = 883 N
651
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PROBLEM 5. 95
The square gate AB is held in the position shown by hinges along its top edge A
d
A and by a shear pin at B. For a depth of water d = 3.5 m, determine the force
exerted on the gate by the shear pin.
1.8 m B
30˚
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate. We have
1
P= Ap
2
1
= A(γ h)
2
1
Then PI = (1.8 m)2(9810 N/m3)(1.7 m)
2
= 27017 N
1
PII = (1.8 m)2 (9810 N/m3) × (1.7 + 1.8 cos 30°)m
2
= 51790 N
1 2
Now ΣM A = 0: LAB PI + LAB PII − LAB FB = 0
3 3
1 2
or (27017 N) + (51790 N) − FB = 0
3 3
or FB = 43532 N FB = 43.5 kN 30.0°
728
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PROBLEM 5.96
SOLUTION
V x xV
Rectangular 1 1 2
Lab L L ab
prism 2 2
1 öbö 1 1 ö 1 ö
Pyramid a÷ ÷h Lû h abh ÷ L û h ÷
3 ø2ø 4 6 ø 4 ø
ö 1 ö
Then V ý ab ÷ L û h ÷
ø 6 ø
1 ù ö 1 öù
xV ý ab ú3L2 û h ÷ L û h ÷ ú
6 û ø 4 øû
Now X V ý xV
ù ö 1 öù 1 ö 1 ö
so that X ú ab ÷ L û h ÷ ú ý ab ÷ 3L2 û hL û h 2 ÷
û ø 6 øû 6 ø 4 ø
ö 1 hö 1 ö h 1 h2 ö
or X ÷1 û ÷ ý L ÷÷ 3 û û ÷ (1)
ø 6 Lø 6 ø L 4 L2 ÷ø
1
(a) X ý ? when h ý L.
2
h 1
Substituting ý into Eq. (1),
L 2
ù 1 ö 1 öù 1 ù ö 1 ö 1 ö 1 ö ù
2
X ú1 û ÷ ÷ ú ý L ú3 û ÷ ÷ û ÷ ÷ ú
û 6 ø 2 ø û 6 úû ø 2 ø 4 ø 2 ø úû
57
or Xý L X ý 0.548 L
104
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h
(b) ý ? when X ý L.
L
ö 1 hö 1 ö h 1 h2 ö
Substituting into Eq. (1), L ÷1 û ÷ ý L ÷ 3 û û ÷÷
ø 6 L ø 6 ÷ø L 4 L2 ø
1 h 1 1 h 1 h2
or 1û ý û û
6 L 2 6 L 24 L2
h2 h
or ý 12 ý2 3
L2 L
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PROBLEM 5.97
SOLUTION
V x xV
1 1 2 2
Cylinder I ð a 2b b ða b
2 2
1 2 1 1 2 ö 1 ö
Cone II ða h bû h ð a h÷b û h÷
3 4 3 ø 4 ø
ö 1 ö
V ý ð a2 ÷ b û h ÷
ø 3 ø
ö1 1 1 ö
xV ý ð a 2 ÷ b 2 û hb û h 2 ÷
ø2 3 12 ø
ù 1 ù 5
(a) For h ý 2b, V ý ð a 2 úb û (2b) ú ý ð a 2 b
û 3 û 3
ù1 1 1 ù
xV ý ð a 2 ú b 2 û (2b)b û (2b)2 ú
û2 3 12 û
ù1 2 1ù 3
ý ð a 2b 2 ú û û ú ý ð a 2b 2
û 2 3 3û 2
ö5 ö 3 9
XV ý xV : X ÷ ð a 2 b ÷ ý ð a 2 b 2 Xý b
ø3 ø 2 10
Centroid is 1
10
b to the left of base of cone.
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ù 1 ù
(b) For h ý 2.5b, V ý ð a 2 úb û (2.5b) ú ý 1.8333ð a 2 b
û 3 û
ù1 1 1 ù
xV ý ð a 2 ú b 2 û (2.5b)b û (2.5b) 2 ú
û 2 3 12 û
ý ð a 2 b 2 [0.5 û 0.8333 û 0.52083]
ý 1.85416ð a 2 b 2
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PROBLEM 5.98
SOLUTION
V y yV
2 3 3 1
Hemisphere ða ý a ý ð a4
3 8 4
2
2 öaö 1 3 1
Semiellipsoid ý ð ÷ ÷ h ý ý ð a2h ý h û ð a 2 h2
3 ø2ø 6 8 16
ð
Then V ý a 2 (4a ý h)
6
ð
yV ý ý a 2 (4a 2 ý h 2 )
16
Now Y V ý yV
ùð ù ð
So that Y ú a 2 (4a ý h) ú ý ý a 2 (4a 2 ý h 2 )
û6 û 16
3 ù öhö ù
2
ö hö
or Y ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú4 ý ÷ ÷ ú (1)
ø aø 8 úû ø a ø úû
a
(a) Y ý ? when hý
2
h 1
Substituting ý into Eq. (1)
a 2
3 ù ö1ö ù
2
ö 1ö
Y ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú4 ý ÷ ÷ ú
ø 2ø 8 úû ø 2 ø úû
45
or Y ýý a Y ý ý0.402a
112
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h
(b) ý ? when Y ý ý0.4a
a
Substituting into Eq. (1)
3 ù öhö ù
2
ö hö
(ý0.4a) ÷ 4 ý ÷ ý ý a ú 4 ý ÷ ÷ ú
ø aø 8 ûú ø a ø ûú
2
öhö öhö
or 3 ÷ ÷ ý 3.2 ÷ ÷ û 0.8 ý 0
øaø øaø
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PROBLEM 5.99
Locate the centroid of the frustum of a right circular cone when r1 = 40 mm,
r2 = 50 mm, and h = 60 mm.
SOLUTION
By similar triangles:
h1 h1 û 60
ý h1 ý 240 mm, therefore h2 ý 240 û 60 ý 300 mm
40 50
1 300 1 240
y1 ý h2 ý ý 75 mm y2 ý 60 û h1 ý 60 û ý 120 mm
4 4 4 4
ð ð
V1 ý ø 50 ù2 ø 300 ù ý 250 ô 103 ð V2 ý ø 40 ù2 ø 240 ù ý 128 ô 103 ð
3 3
V mm3 y mm yV mm4
250 ô 103 ð
Triangle 1 75 18.75 ô 106 ð
122 ô 103 ð
3.39 ô 106 ð
Y V ý yV
ø ù
Y 122 ô 103 ð ý 3.39 ô 106 ð
Y ý 27.787 mm Centroid is 27.8 mm above base of cone.
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PROBLEM 5.100
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
ð
(20) 2 (10) ý 6.2832 ô 103
II Half cylinder 2 46.5 20 292.17 ô 103 125.664 ô 103
1
(30)(9)(24) ý 3.24 ô 103
V Triangular prism 2 13 78 42.12 ô 103 252.72 ô 103
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X V ý xV
xV 848.18 ô 103 mm 4
Xý ý X ý 18.28 mm
V 46.399 ô 103 mm3
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PROBLEM 5.101
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
ð
(20) 2 (10) ý 6.2832 ô 103
II Half cylinder 2 46.5 20 292.17 ô 103 125.664 ô 103
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Z V ý zV
zV 2388.5 ô 103 mm 4
Zý ý Z ý 51.5 mm
V 46.399 ô 103 mm3
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y
PROBLEM 5.102
2 cm 1 cm
2 cm For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate of the
center of gravity.
3 cm 2 cm
r = 1.25 cm
r = 1.25 cm
x
0.75 cm
z 2 cm
2 cm
SOLUTION
For half cylindrical hole:
r = 1.25 cm
4(1.25)
yIII = 2 −
3π
= 1.470 cm
π
III –(Half cylinder) − (1.25) 2 (1) = – 2.454 1.470 2 –3.607 –4.908
2
π
IV Half cylinder (2) 2 (0.75) = 4.712 –0.375 7.85 –1.767 36.99
2
Y ΣV = Σ yV
Y (27.58 cm3) = −3.868 cm4 Y = −0.1403 cm
668
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y
PROBLEM 5.103
2 cm 1 cm
2 cm For the machine element shown, locate the z coordinate of the
center of gravity.
3 cm 2 cm
r = 1.25 cm
r = 1.25 cm
x
0.75 cm
z 2 cm
2 cm
SOLUTION
For half cylindrical hole:
r = 1.25 cm
4(1.25)
yIII = 2 −
3π
= 1.470 cm
π
III –(Half cylinder) − (1.25) 2 (1) = – 2.454 1.470 2 –3.607 –4.908
2
π
IV Half cylinder (2) 2 (0.75) = 4.712 –0.375 7.85 –1.767 36.99
2
V –(Cylinder) −π
(1.25) 2 (0.75) = −3.682 –0.375 7 1.381 –25.77
Now Z ΣV = z V
Z (27.58 cm3) = 95.81 cm4 Z = 3.47 cm
289
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PROBLEM 5.104
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
We have Y V ý yV
Y (258.54 ô 103 mm3 ) ý ý4.9177 ô 106 mm4 or Y ý ý19.02 mm
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PROBLEM 5.105
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
We have X V ý xV
Y (258.54 ô 10 mm3 ) ý 10.4095 ô 106 mm4
3
or X ý 40.3 mm
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PROBLEM 5.106
SOLUTION
First assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area. Now note that symmetry implies
X ý 125.0 mm
2 ô 80
yII ý 150 û
ð
ý 200.93 mm
2 ô 80
zII ý
ð
ý 50.930 mm
4 ô 125
yIII ý 230 û
3ð
ý 283.05 mm
ð
II (80)(250) ý 31416 200.93 50930 6312400 1600000
2
ð
III (125) 2 ý 24544 283.05 0 6947200 0
2
98460 16447100 3300000
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PROBLEM 5.107
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area.
1
yI ý ý (1.2) ý ý0.4 m
3
1
zI ý (3.6) ý 1.2 m
3
4(1.8) 2.4
xIII ý ý ýý m
3ð ð
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PROBLEM 5.108
SOLUTION
By symmetry, X ýZ
4r 4(15)
For I and II (Quarter-circle ), ý
x ý
y ý ý 6.3662 cm
3ð 3ð
ð ð
Aý r2 ý (15) 2 ý 1.76715 cm2
4 4
1
III
ø15 ù2 ý 112.50 5.0 0 562.50 0
2
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y
PROBLEM 5.109
10 cm
10 cm A wastebasket, designed to fit in the corner of a room, is 16 cm high
and has a base in the shape of a quarter circle of radius 10 cm. Locate
the center of gravity of the wastebasket, knowing that it is made of
sheet metal of uniform thickness.
16 cm
SOLUTION
By symmetry: X =Z
2r 2(10)
For III (Cylindrical surface) x= = = 6.3662 cm
π π
π π
A= rh = (10)(16) = 251.33 cm2
2 2
4r 4(10)
For IV (Quarter-circle bottom) x= = = 4.2441 cm
3π 3π
π π
A= r2 = (10) 2 = 78.540 cm2
4 4
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PROBLEM 5.110
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the duct coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Also, note that the shape of the duct implies
Y ý 38.0 mm
2
Note that xI ý zI ý 400 ý (400) ý 145.352 mm
ð
2
xII ý 400 ý (200) ý 272.68 mm
ð
2
zII ý 300 ý (200) ý 172.676 mm
ð
4
xIV ý zIV ý 400 ý (400) ý 230.23 mm
3ð
4
xV ý 400 ý (200) ý 315.12 mm
3ð
4
zV ý 300 ý (200) ý 215.12 mm
3ð
Also note that the corresponding top and bottom areas will contribute equally when determining x and z .
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PROBLEM 5.111
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the awning coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area.
(4)(500)
yII = yVI = 80 + = 292.2 mm
3π
(4)(500)
zII = zVI = = 212.2 mm
3π
(2)(500)
yIV = 80 + = 398.3 mm
π
(2)(500)
zIV = = 318.3 mm
π
π
AII = AVI = (500)2 = 196350 mm2
4
π
AIV = (500)(680) = 534071 mm2
2
A, mm2 y , mm z , mm yA, mm3 zA, mm3
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678
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y
PROBLEM 5.112
r = 0.625 cm
1 cm
2.5 cm A mounting bracket for electronic components is formed from
sheet metal of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity
3 cm
0.75 cm
of the bracket.
z 6 cm
1.25 cm
0.75 cm
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the bracket coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Then (see diagram)
4(0.625)
V = 2.25 −
z
3π
= 1.98474 cm
π
AV = − (0.625) 2
2
= −0.61359 cm2
A, cm2 x , cm y , cm , cm
z xA, cm3 yA, cm3 zA, cm3
I (2.5)(6) = 15 1.25 0 3 18.75 0 45
II (1.25)(6) = 7.5 2.5 –0.625 3 18.75 –4.6875 22.5
III (0.75)(6) = 4.5 2.875 –1.25 3 12.9375 –5.625 13.5
5
IV − (3) = − 3.75 1.0 0 3.75 –3.75 0 –14.0625
4
V − 0.61359 1.0 0 1.98474 – 0.61359 0 –1.21782
Σ 22.6364 46.0739 –10.3125 65.7197
We have X Σ A = Σx A
674
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PROBLEM 5.113
SOLUTION
First assume that the plastic is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the organizer will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area. Now note that symmetry implies
Z ý 30.0 mm
2ô6
x2 ý 6 ý ý 2.1803 mm
ð
2ô6
x4 ý 36 û ý 39.820 mm
ð
2ô6
x8 ý 58 ý ý 54.180 mm
ð
2ô6
x10 ý 133 û ý 136.820 mm
ð
2ô6
y2 ý y4 ý y8 ý y10 ý 6 ý ý 2.1803 mm
ð
2ô5
y6 ý 75 û ý 78.183 mm
ð
ð
A2 ý A4 ý A8 ý A10 ý ô 6 ô 60 ý 565.49 mm 2
2
A6 ý ð ô 5 ô 60 ý 942.48 mm 2
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PROBLEM 5.114
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape
shown. Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity
will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
2 ô 2.4 4.8
x2 ý z2 ý ý m
ð ð
ð 4.8 4.8
2 ô 2.4 ý 1.2ð 0 5.76 0 5.76
2 ð ð
3 2.4 0 0 1.2 0 0 2.88
4 1.0 0 0.5 0 0 0.5 0
9.7699 8.88 1.8 8.64
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y
PROBLEM 5.115
1m
0.6 m
z 0.4 m x
SOLUTION
First assume that the channels are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the frame
will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
2 × 0.6 1.2
x8 = x9 = = m
π π
2 × 0.6
y8 = y9 = 1 + = 1.382 m
π
685
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PROBLEM 5.116
SOLUTION
Uniform rod:
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y
PROBLEM 5.117
A
Locate the center of gravity of the figure shown, knowing that it is
made of thin brass rods of uniform diameter.
B 30 cm
E
D x
z r = 16 cm
SOLUTION
By symmetry: X =0
30 cm
16 cm 16 cm
2(16)
BDE π (16) = 50.265 0 = 10.186 0 512
π
Σ 152.265 1530 784
Y = 10.048 cm Y = 10.05 cm
Z = 5.149 cm Z = 5.15 cm
684
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PROBLEM 5.118
A scratch awl has a plastic handle and a steel blade and shank. Knowing that the density of plastic is
1030 kg/m3 and of steel is 7860 kg/m3, locate the center of gravity of the awl.
SOLUTION
5
xI ý (12.5 mm) ý 7.8125 mm
8
ö 2ð ö
WI ý (1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.0125 m)
3
ø 3 ø
ý 4.2133 ô 10ý3 kg
xII ý 52.5 mm
öð ö
WII ý (1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.025 m)2 (0.08 m)
ø4ø
ý3
ý 40.448 ô 10 kg
xIII ý 92.5 mm ý 25 mm ý 67.5 mm
öð ö
WIII ý ý(1030 kg/m3 ) ÷ ÷ (0.0035 m)2 (0.05 m)
ø4ø
ý3
ý ý0.49549 ô 10 kg
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W, kg x, mm xW, kg mm
I 4.123 ô 10ý3 7.8125 32.916 ô 10ý3
II 40.948 ô 10ý3 52.5 2123.5 ô 10ý3
III ý0.49549 ô 10ý3 67.5 ý33.447 ô 10ý3
IV 10.5871 ô 10ý3 112.5 1191.05 ô 10ý3
V 0.25207 ô 10ý3 185 46.633 ô 10ý3
55.005 ô 10ý3 3360.7 ô 10ý3
or X ý 61.1 mm
(from the end of the handle)
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22 mm PROBLEM 5.119
10 mm
8 mm
15 mm
36 mm
SOLUTION
Now W = (Σ/g)V
π
yI = 4 mm WI = ( 7.86 × 9.81 × 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(36 2
)
− 152 mm2 (8 mm) = 0.519 N
π
yII = 18 mm WII = (7.86 × 9.81× 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(22 2
)
− 152 mm2 (20 mm) = 0.314 N
π
yIII = 14 mm WIII = (8 .8 × 9.81 × 10–6 N/mm3)
4
(15 2
)
− 102 mm2 (28 mm) = 0.237 N
We have Y ΣW = Σ yW
(4 mm)(0.519 N) + (18 mm)(0.314 N) + (14 mm)(0.237 N)
Y =
0.519 N + 0.314 N + 0.237 N
or Y = 10.4 mm
(above base)
688
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1.6 cm
PROBLEM 5.120
4 cm
2.5 cm
3 cm
SOLUTION
cm
Aluminum rod: W = γV
π
= ( 27.468 ×10−3 N/cm3) (1.6 cm)2(4 cm)
4
= 0.221 N
Brass collar: W = γV
π
= (83.091 ×10−3 N/cm3) [(3 cm)2 − (1.6 cm)2](2.5 cm)
4
= 1.051 N
Y ΣW = Σ y W : Y (1.272 N) = 1.756 N ⋅ cm
Y = 1.38 cm Y = 1.38 cm
689
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PROBLEM 5.121
The three legs of a small glass-topped table are equally spaced and are
made of steel tubing, which has an outside diameter of 24 mm and a
cross-sectional area of 150 mm 2 . The diameter and the thickness of the
table top are 600 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Knowing that the
density of steel is 7860 kg/m3 and of glass is 2190 kg/m3, locate the
center of gravity of the table.
SOLUTION
2 ô 280 ð
yII ý 12 û 180 û mII ý ò ST VII ý 7860 kg/m 3 ô (150 ô 10ý6 m 2 ) ô (0.280 m)
ð 2
ý 370.25 mm ý 0.51855 kg
ð
yIII ý 24 û 180 û 280 û 5 mIII ý òGLVIII ý 2190 kg/m3 ô (0.6 m)2 ô (0.010 m)
4
ý 489 mm
ý 6.1921 kg
m, kg y , mm ym, kg mm
I 3(0.33335) 77.408 77.412
II 3(0.51855) 370.25 515.98
III 6.1921 489 3027.9
8.7478 3681.3
or Y ý 420.8 mm
The center of gravity is 421 mm
(above the floor)
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PROBLEM 5.122
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes obtained by passing a vertical
cutting plane through the given shape of Figure 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given
shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A hemisphere
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x
dV ý ð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx
a/2
a/2 ù x3 ù
Component 1: V1 ý 0
ð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx ý ð ú a 2 x ý
û
ú
3 û0
11 3
ý ða
24
a/2
and x
1
EL dV ý 0
x ùûð (a 2 ý x 2 )dx ùû
a/2
ù x2 x4 ù
ý ð úa 2 ý ú
û 2 4 û0
7
ý ð a4
64
ö 11 ö 7 21
Now x1V1 ý x 1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a3 ÷ ý ð a 4
ø 24 ø 64
or x1 ý
88
a
Component 2:
a
a ù x3 ù
V2 ý
ð (a ý x )dx ý ð ú a 2 x ý ú
2 2
a /2
û 3 û a/2
ü 3 ùü
a3 ù ú 2ö a ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù 2
a
ý ð ý ú a (a) ý ú ý a ÷ ÷ ý ý
ÿû 3 û ú ø2ø 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
5
ý ð a3
24
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a
a ù x2 x4 ù
xEL dV ý x ùûð (a ý x )dx ùû ý ð ú a 2 ý ú
2 2
and
2 a/2
û 2 4 û a/2
ü 4 ùü
(a)4 ù ú 2 ø 2 ù ø 2 ù úÿ
ù 2
ÿ ù 2 (a )
2 a a
ý ð ýúa ý úý a ý ý
ÿû 2 4 û ú 2 4 úÿ
þ û ûþ
9
ý ð a4
64
ö 5 ö 9 27
Now x2V2 ý 2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a3 ÷ ý ð a 4
ø 24 ø 64
or x2 ý
40
a
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PROBLEM 5.123
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes obtained by passing a vertical
cutting plane through the given shape of Figure 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given
shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A semiellipsoid of revolution
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x
x2 y 2
The equation of the generating curve is û ý 1 so that
h2 a 2
a2 2
r2 ý (h ý x 2 )
h2
a2 2
and then dV ý ð (h ý x 2 )dx
h2
h/2
h/2 a2 2 a2 ù 2 x3 ù
V1 ý ð ý ý ð ý
2
Component 1: ( h x ) dx ú h x ú
0 h2 h2 û 3 û0
11 2
ý ða h
24
h/2 ù a2 ù
and 1
xEL dV ý 0
x úð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ú
û h û
h/2
a2 ù 2 x2 x4 ù
ýð úh ý ú
h2 û 2 4 û0
7
ý ð a 2 h2
64
ö 11 ö 7 21
Now x1V1 ý x
1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø 24 ø 64
or x1 ý
88
h
h
a2 h a2 ù x3 ù
Component 2: V2 ý
ð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ý ð 2 ú h 2 x ý ú
h/2 h h û 3 û h/2
ü 3 ùü
( h )3 ù ú 2 ö h ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù 2
h
a2
ýð 2 ýúh ø h ù ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 3 û ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
5
ý ð a2h
24
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h ù a2 ù
and 2
xEL dV ý h/2
x úð 2 (h 2 ý x 2 )dx ú
û h û
h
a2 ù x2 x4 ù
ý ð 2 úh2 ý ú
h û 2 4 û h/2
ü 4 ùü
(h) 4 ù ú 2 ø 2 ù ø 2 ù úÿ
ù 2
ÿ ù 2 ( h)
h h
a2 2
ýð 2 ýúh ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 2 4 û ú 2 4 úÿ
þ û û þ
9
ý ð a 2 h2
64
ö 5 ö 9 27
Now x2V2 ý 2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h2
ø 24 ø 64
or x2 ý
40
h
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PROBLEM 5.124
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes obtained by passing a vertical
cutting plane through the given shape of Figure 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given
shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A paraboloid of revolution
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV ý ð r 2 dx, xEL ý x
h 2 a2
The equation of the generating curve is x ý h ý y so that r 2
ý (h ý x).
a2 h
a2
and then dV ý ð (h ý x)dx
h
h/2 a2
Component 1: V1 ý 0
ð
h
(h ý x)dx
h/2
a2 ù x2 ù
ýð ú hx ý ú
h û 2 û0
3
ý ð a2h
8
h/2 ù a2 ù
and 1
xEL dV ý 0
x úð
û h
(h ý x)dx ú
û
h/2
a2 ù x 2 x3 ù 1
ýð úh ý ú ý ð a 2 h2
h û 2 3 û0 12
ö3 ö 1 2
Now x1V1 ý x 1
EL dV : x1 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø8 ø 12
or x1 ý
9
h
Component 2:
h
a2h a2 ù x2 ù
V2 ý
h/2ð (h ý x)dx ý ð
h h û
ú hx ý ú
2 û h/2
ü 2 ùü
( h) 2 ù ú ö h ö ø 2 ù ú ÿ
ù
ÿù
h
a2
ýð ý ú h ( h) ý úý h ý ý
h ÿû 2 û ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 2 úÿ
þ û û þ
1
ý ð a2h
8
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h
hù a2 ù a 2 ù x 2 x3 ù
and 2
xEL dV ý
h/2
x úð
û h
(h ý x)dx ú ý ð
û
úh
h û 2
ý ú
3 û h/2
ü ù h 2 ø h ù3 ù ü
a 2 ÿ ù ( h ) 2 ( h )3 ù ú ø 2 ù ÿ
ýð ýúh ý ú ý úh ý 2 úý
h ÿû 2 3 û 2 3 úÿ
þ û ûþ
1
ý ð a2 h2
12
ö1 ö 1 2
Now x2V2 ý 2
xEL dV : x2 ÷ ð a 2 h ÷ ý ð a 2 h 2
ø8 ø 12
or x2 ý
3
h
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PROBLEM 5.125
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
Now
xV ý xEL dV : x (0.46944ð m3 ) ý 1.09861ð m4 or x ý 2.34 m
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PROBLEM 5.126
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
We have y ý k ( X ý h) 2
At x ý 0, y ý a, a ý k ( ý h) 2
a
or ký
h2
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV ý ð r 2 dx, X EL ý x
a
Now rý ( x ý h) 2
h2
a2
so that dV ý ð ( x ý h)4 dx
h4
h a2 ð a2
Vý ð ý ý [( x ý h)5 ]0h
4
Then 4
( x h ) dx 4
0 h 5h
1
ý ð a2h
5
ù a2
h ù
and xEL dV ý
0
x úð 4 ( x ý h)4 dx ú
û h û
2
a h 5
ýð 4
h 0
( x ý 4hx 4 û 6h 2 x3 ý 4h3 x 2 û h 4 x)dx
h
a2 ù 1 4 3 4 1 ù
ý ð 4 ú x 6 ý hx5 û h 2 x 4 ý h3 x3 û h 4 x 2 ú
h û6 5 2 3 2 û0
1
ý ð a 2 h2
30
öð ö ð 2 2 1
Now
xV ý xEL dV : x ÷ a 2 h ÷ ý
ø5 ø 30
a h or xý
6
h
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PROBLEM 5.127
SOLUTION
dV ý ð r 2 dy, yEL ý y
h2 2 h 2
Now x 2 ý (a ý y 2 ) so that r ý h ý a ý y2 .
a2 a
h2
ø ù dy
2
Then dV ý ð a ý a2 ý y2
a2
h2
ø ù dy
a 2
and Vý 0
ð
a2
a ý a2 ý y2
h2 ð /2
øa ý ù a cosñ dñ
2
Then V ýð
a2 0
a 2 ý a 2 sin 2 ñ
h2 ð /2
ýð 2
a 0
ù a 2 ý 2a (a cos ñ ) û (a 2 ý a 2 sin 2 ñ ) ù a cos ñ dñ
û û
ð /2
ý ð ah 2 0
(2 cos ñ ý 2cos 2 ñ ý sin 2 ñ cos ñ ) dñ
ð /2
ù ö ñ sin 2ñ ö 1 3 ù
ý ð ah 2 ú 2sin ñ ý 2 ÷ û ÷ ý sin ñ ú
û ø2 4 ø 3 û0
ù ö ð ö 1ù
ý ð ah 2 ú 2 ý 2 ÷÷ 2 ÷÷ ý ú
ûú ø 2 ø 3 ûú
ý 0.095870ð ah 2
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ù h2
ø ù dy ùúû
a 2
and yEL dV ý 0
y úð 2 a ý a 2 ý y 2
û a
ýð
h2
a2
a
0
ø 2a y ý 2ay 2
ù
a 2 ý y 2 ý y 3 dy
a
h2 ù 2 2 2 1 4ù
ýð ú a y û 3 a (a ý y ) ý 4 y ú
2 2 3/2
a2 û û0
h2 üù 2 2 1 4 ù ù 2 2 3/2 ù ü
ýð ý ú a (a ) ý a ú ý ú a(a ) ú ý
a2 þû 4 û û3 ûþ
1
ý ð a 2 h2
12
1
Now yV ý yEL dV : y (0.095870ð ah 2 ) ý ð a 2 h 2 or y ý 0.869a
12
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PROBLEM 5.128*
SOLUTION
ðx
Now r ý b sin
2a
ðx
so that dV ý ð b 2 sin 2 dx
2a
2a ðx
Then Vý a
ð b 2 sin 2
2a
dx
2a
ù x sin ð x ù
ý ð b ú ý ð2 a ú
2
ûú 2 2 a ûú
a
ý ð b 2 ùûø 22a ù ý ø a2 ù ùû
1
ý ð ab 2
2
2a ö ðx ö
and xEL dV ý a
x ÷ ð b 2 sin 2
ø 2a ÷ø
dx
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ü 2a ü
ÿ ù ö x sin a ö ù 2a ö x sin ðax ö ÿ
ðx
xEL dV ý ð b ý ú x ÷ ý 2ð ÷ ú ý ÷ ý ÷÷ ý
2
Then dx
÷ ÷ú a ÷2 2ð
ÿþ úû ø 2 a øûa ø a ø ÿþ
üù ð x ù üÿ
2a
ÿ ö 2a ö ö a öù ù 1 a2
ý ð b 2 ý ú 2a ÷ ÷ ý a ÷ ÷ ú ý ú x 2 û 2 cos ú ý
ø 2 ø ø 2 øû û 4 2ð
þÿ û
a ûa ÿ
þ
ÿüö 3 ö ù 1 a2 1 2 a 2 ù üÿ
ý ð b 2 ý÷ a 2 ÷ ý ú (2a ) 2 û ý (a) û 2 ú ý
ÿþø 2 ø û 4 2ð 2 4 2ð û þÿ
ö3 1 ö
ý ð a 2b2 ÷ ý 2 ÷
ø4 ð ø
ý 0.64868ð a 2 b 2
ö1 ö
Now
xV ý xEL dV : x ÷ ð ab 2 ÷ ý 0.64868ð a 2b 2
ø2 ø
or x ý 1.297 a
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PROBLEM 5.129*
SOLUTION
üÿ ù ö 2a ð r öù
2a
2a ö 2a ð r ö üÿ
Then V ý 2ð b ý ú (r ) ÷ ý cos
ð ú ý
2a ÷ø û a ÷ ð cos 2a ÷ dr ý
þÿ û ø ø ø þÿ
a
ü 2a ù 4a 2 ð r ù üÿ
2a
ÿ
ý 2ð b ýý û (2a )(ý1) ý û ú 2 sin ú ý
ÿþ ð ûð 2a û a ÿ
þ
ö 4a 2 4a 2 ö
V ý 2ð b ÷÷ ý 2 ÷÷
ø ð ð ø
ö 1ö
ý 8a 2 b ÷ 1 ý ÷
ø ð ø
ý 5.4535a 2 b
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2a ö ð r öö ðr ö
Also yEL dV ý ø
a
1
÷ 2 b sin ÷÷ 2ð br sin
2a øø
dr ÷
2a ø
2a ðr
ý ð b2
a
r sin 2
2a
dr
üù ö 2a ü
ÿ r sin ðar ö ù 2a ö r sin ðar ö ÿ
yEL dV ý ð b ý ú(r ) ÷ ý 2ð ÷ ú ý ÷ ý ÷÷ ý
2
Then dr
÷ ÷ a ÷2 2ð
ÿþ ûú ø 2 a ø ûú a ø a ø þÿ
üù ð r ù üÿ
2a
ÿ ö 2a ö ö a öù ù r
2
a2
ý ð b 2 ý ú(2a) ÷ ÷ ý (a ) ÷ ÷ ú ý ú û 2 cos ú ý
ÿþ û ø 2 ø ø 2 ø û û 4 2ð a ûa ÿ
þ
üÿ 3 ù (2a )2 a2 (a)2 a 2 ù üÿ
ý ð b2 ý a2 ý ú û 2 ý û 2 úý
ÿþ 2 û 4 2ð 4 2ð û þÿ
ö3 1 ö
ý ð a 2b2 ÷ ý 2 ÷
ø4 ð ø
ý 2.0379a 2 b 2
Now
yV ý yEL dV : y (5.4535a 2b) ý 2.0379a 2b2 or y ý 0.374b
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PROBLEM 5.130*
Show that for a regular pyramid of height h and n sides (n ý 3, 4, ) the centroid of the volume of the
pyramid is located at a distance h/4 above the base.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of a horizontal slice of thickness dy. For any number N of sides, the area of the
base of the pyramid is given by
Abase ý kb2
where k ý k ( N ); see note below. Using similar triangles, we have
s hý y
ý
b h
b
or sý (h ý y )
h
b2
Then dV ý Aslice dy ý ks 2 dy ý k 2
(h ý y ) 2 dy
h
h
h b2 b2 ù 1 3ù
Vý ý ý ú ý 3 (h ý y ) ú
2
and k ( h y ) dy k
0 h2 h2 û û0
1
ý kb 2 h
3
Also, yEL ý y
h ù b2 ù b2 h
so that yEL dV ý 0
y ú k 2 ( h ý y ) 2 dy ú ý k 2
û h û h 0
( h 2 y ý 2hy 2 û y 3 ) dy
h
b2 ù1 2 2 2 3 1 4 ù 1 2 2
ýk ú 2 h y ý 3 hy û 4 y ú ý 12 kb h
h2 û û0
ö1 ö 1 1
Now
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ kb 2 h ÷ ý kb 2 h 2
ø3 ø 12
or y ý
4
h Q.E.D.
ö1 b ö
Note: Abase ý N ÷÷ ô b ô 2
tan ðN
÷÷
ø2 ø
N
ý b2
4 tan ðN
ý k ( N )b 2
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PROBLEM 5.131
SOLUTION
so that dA ý ð R 2 sin ñ dñ
2R
yEL ý ý sin ñ
ð
ð /2
Then Aý 0
ð R 2 sin ñ dñ ý ð R 2 [ý cos ñ ]ð0 / 2
ý ð R2
ð /2 ö 2R ö
y ý ÷ ý ð sin ñ ÷ (ð R sin ñ dñ )
2
and EL dA
0 ø ø
ð /2
ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý ý2 R 3 ú ý
û2 4 úû 0
ð
ýý R3
2
ð 1
Now
yA ý yEL dA: y (ð R 2 ) ý ý
2
R3 or y ý ý R
2
1
Symmetry implies zýy z ý ý R
2
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PROBLEM 5.132
SOLUTION
(a) Bowl:
First note that symmetry implies x ý0
z ý0
for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be treated as a shell; the
center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl,
an element of area is obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y-axis. Then
dAwall ý (2ð R sin ñ )( R dñ )
and
ywall Awall ý ( yEL ) wall dA
ð /2
ý (ý R cos ñ )(2ð R 2 sin ñ dñ )
ð /6
ý ð R 3 [cos 2 ñ ]ðð /2
/6
3
ý ý ð R3
4
ð 3
By observation, Abase ý R2 , ybase ý ý R
4 2
Now y A ý yA
ö ð ö 3 ð ö 3 ö
or y ÷ ð 3R 2 û R 2 ÷ ý ý ð R3 û R 2 ÷ ý R÷
ø 4 ø 4 4 ÷ ÷
ø 2 ø
or y ý ý 0.48763R R ý 250 mm y ý ý121.9 mm
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(b) Punch:
First note that symmetry implies x ý0
z ý0
and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding volume. Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy.
Then
dV ý ð x 2 dy, yEL ý y
Now x2 û y 2 ý R2
so that dV ý ð ( R 2 ý y 2 )dy
0
Then Vý ý 3/2 R
ð ( R 2 ý y 2 ) dy
0
ù 1 ù
ý ð ú R2 y ý y3 ú
û 3 ûý 3/2 R
ù ö 3 ö 1ö 3 ö ùú 3
3
ý ýð ú R 2 ÷ ý R÷ ý ÷ý R ÷ ý ð 3R3
ú ÷ø 2 ÷ø 3 ÷ø 2 ÷ø ú 8
û û
ø ù
0
and y EL dV ý ý 3/2 R
( y ) ùð R 2 ý y 2 dy ù
û û
0
ù1 1 ù
ý ð ú R2 y2 ý y4 ú
û2 4 ûý 3/2 R
ù1 ö 3 ö 1ö 3 ö ùú
4
15
2
ý ýð ú R ÷ý
2
R÷ ý ÷ý R ÷ ý ý ð R4
÷
ú2 ø 2 ø ÷ ÷ ÷
4ø 2 ø ú 64
û û
ö3 ö 15
Now
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ ð 3 R3 ÷ ý ý ð R 4
ø8 ø 64
5
or yýý R R ý 250 mm y ý ý 90.2 mm
8 3
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PROBLEM 5.133
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from a thin circular
pipe by two oblique planes.
SOLUTION
1
dV ý ( y2 ý y1 )ta dñ , yEL ý ( y1 û y2 ) z EL ý z
2
h 2h
h 2
Now y1 ý 3
zû y2 ý ý 3
zû h
2a 6 2a 3
h h
ý ( z û a) ý (ý z û 2a )
6a 3a
and z ý a cos ñ
h h
Then ( y2 ý y1 ) ý ( ý a cos ñ û 2a ) ý (a cos ñ û a )
3a 6a
h
ý (1 ý cos ñ )
2
h h
and ( y1 û y2 ) ý (a cos ñ û a) û (ý a cos ñ û 2a )
6a 3a
h
ý (5 ý cos ñ )
6
aht h
dV ý (1 ý cos ñ )dñ yEL ý (5 ý cos ñ ), z EL ý a cos ñ
2 12
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aht ð
Then V ý2 20
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ý aht[ñ ý sin ñ ]ð0
ý ð aht
ð h ù aht ù
and y EL dV ý2 0 12
(5 ý cos ñ ) ú
û 2
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ú
û
ah t 2 ð
ý
12 0
(5 ý 6cos ñ û cos 2 ñ )dñ
ð
ah 2 t ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý ú 5ñ ý 6sin ñ û û
12 û 2 4 úû 0
11
ý ð ah 2t
24
ð ù aht ù
z EL dV ý 2 0
a cos ñ ú
û 2
(1 ý cos ñ )dñ ú
û
ð
ù ñ sin 2ñ ù
ý a 2 ht úsin ñ ý ý
û 2 4 úû 0
1
ý ý ð a 2 ht
2
11 11
Now
yV ý y EL dV : y (ð aht ) ý
24
ð ah 2 t or y ý
24
h
1 1
and
zV ý zEL dV : z (ð aht ) ý ý ð a 2 ht
2
or z ý ý a
2
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PROBLEM 5.134*
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from an
elliptical cylinder by an oblique plane.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width zx, thickness dz, and height y. Then
1
dV ý 2 xy dz , y EL ý , z EL ý z
24
a 2
Now xý b ý z2
b
h/2 h h
and yýý zû ý (b ý z )
b 2 2b
b ö a 2 2 öù h ù
Then Vý ýb ø
÷ 2 b b ý z ÷ ú 2b (b ý z ) ú dz
øû û
Let z ý b sin ñ dz ý b cos ñ dñ
ah ð /2
Then Vý
b2 ð /2
(b cos ñ )[b(1 ý sin ñ )] b cos ñ dñ
ð /2
ý abh ð ý /2
(cos2 ñ ý sin ñ cos 2 ñ ) dñ
ð /2
ù ñ sin 2ñ 1 ù
ý abh ú û û cos3 ñ ú
û 2 4 3 û ýð /2
1
V ý ð abh
2
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b ù1 h ù üö a 2 öù h ù ü
and yEL dV ý ýb ú
û2
ô
2b
(b ý z ) ú ý ÷ 2
û þø b
b ý z2 ÷ ú 2b (b ý z ) ú dz ý
øû û þ
1 ah 2 b
ý
4 b3 ýb
(b ý z ) 2 b 2 ý z 2 dz
1 ah2 ð /2
Then yEL dV ý
4 b3 ð ý /2
[b(1 ý sin ñ )]2 (b cos ñ ) ô (b cos ñ dñ )
1 ð /2
ý abh2
4 ð ý /2
(cos2 ñ ý 2sin ñ cos 2 ñ û sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ) dñ
1 1
Now sin 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2ñ ) cos 2 ñ ý (1 û cos 2ñ )
2 2
1
so that sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ )
4
1 ð /2 ù 2 1 ù
Then y EL dV ý
4
abh 2 ð ý ú
/2 û
cos ñ ý 2sin ñ cos 2 ñ û (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) ú dñ
4 û
ð /2
1 ùö ñ sin 2ñ ö 1 1 1 ö ñ sin 4ñ ö ù
ý abh 2 ú÷ û ÷ û cos3 ñ û ñ ý ÷ û ú
4 ûø 2 4 ø 3 4 4ø 2 8 ÷ø û ýð /2
5
ý ð abh 2
32
b ü a 2 ùh ù ü
Also, z EL dV ý ýb
z ý2
þ b
a ý z 2 ú (b ý z ) ú dz ý
û 2b û þ
ah b
ý
b2 ýb
z (b ý z ) b 2 ý z 2 dz
1
Using sin 2 ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) from above,
4
ð /2 ù 1 ù
z EL dV ý ab 2 h ð ý /2 ú
û
sin ñ cos 2 ñ ý (1 ý cos 2 2ñ ) ú dñ
4 û
ð /2
ù 1 1 1 ö ñ sin 4ñ ö ù 1
ý ab h ú ý cos3 ñ ý ñ û ÷ û
2
÷ ú ý ý ð ab 2 h
û 3 4 4ø 2 8 ø û ýð /2 8
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ö1 ö 5 5
Now
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ ð abh ÷ ý ð abh 2
ø2 ø 32
or y ý
16
h
ö1 ö 1 1
and
z V ý z EL dV : z ÷ ð abh ÷ ý ý ð ab 2 h
ø2 ø 8
or z ý ý b
4
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PROBLEM 5.135
SOLUTION
a
First note that symmetry implies xý
2
b
zý
2
Choose as the element of volume a filament of base dx ô dz and height y. Then
1
dV ý y dx dz , y EL ý y
2
16h
or dV ý 2 2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz
a b
b a 16h
Then Vý
0 0 a 2b2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz
a
16h b ùa 1 ù
Vý
a 2b2 0
(bz ý z 2 ) ú x 2 ý x3 ú dz
ûz 3 û0
b
16h ù a 1 ù ùb 1 ù
ý 2 2 ú ( a 2 ) ý ( a )3 ú ú z 2 ý z 3 ú
a b û2 3 û û2 3 û0
8ah ù b 2 1 3 ù
ý (b) ý (b) ú
3b 2 úû 2 3 û
4
ý abh
9
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b a 1 ù 16h ù ù 16h ù
and y EL dV ý
0 0 2 úû a 2 b2
(ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 ) ú ú 2 2 (ax ý x 2 )(bz ý z 2 )dx dz ú
ûûa b û
128h 2 b a
ý
a 4b4 0 0
(a 2 x 2 ý 2ax3 û x 4 )(b2 z 2 ý 2bz 3 û z 4 )dx dz
a
128h 2 b ù a2 a 1 ù
ý 2 4 (b z ý 2bz û z ) ú x3 ý x 4 û x5 ú dz
2 2 3 4
a b 0
û3 2 5 û0
b
128h2 ù a 2 a 1 ù ù b2 b 1 ù
ý 4 4 ú ( a )3 ý ( a ) 4 û ( a )5 ú ú z 3 ý z 4 û z 5 ú
a b û3 2 5 ûû 3 z 5 û0
64ah 2 ù b3 3 b 4 1 5 ù 32
ý ú (b) ý (b) û (b) ú ý abh 2
15b 4 û 3 2 5 û 225
ö4 ö 32 8
Now
yV ý yEL dV : y ÷ abh ÷ ý
ø9 ø 225
abh2 or y ý
25
h
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y
PROBLEM 5.136
9m
0.08 m
15 m After grading a lot, a builder places four stakes to designate the
corners of the slab for a house. To provide a firm, level base for
0.12 m
the slab, the builder places a minimum of 0.08 m of gravel
0.15 m beneath the slab. Determine the volume of gravel needed and
the x coordinate of the centroid of the volume of the gravel.
x (Hint: The bottom surface of the gravel is an oblique plane,
z which can be represented by the equation y = a + bx + cz.)
0.2 m
SOLUTION
The centroid can be found by integration. The equation for the bottom of the gravel is:
y = a + bx + cz , where the constants a, b, and c can be determined as follows:
For x = 0, and z = 0: y = − 0.08 m, and therefore
a = −0.08 m
b = −0.0044 m
c = −0.0047 m
xEL dV
Now x =
V
A volume element can be chosen as:
dV = | y| dxdz
and xEL = x
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15 9
Then xEL dV = x(0.08 + 0.0044x + 0.0047z)dx dz
0 0
9
15 x2 x3 x2
= (0.08) + 0.0044 + 0.0047z dz
0 2 3 2 0
15
= (3.24 + 1.0692 + 0.19z)dz
0
15
z2
= 4.3092z + 0.19
2 0
= 86.013 m 4
15 9
The volume is: V dV = (0.08 + 0.0044x + 0.0047z)dx dz
0 0
x2
9
15
= 0.08x + 0.0044 + 0.0047zx dz
0 2 0
15
= (0.72 + 0.1782 + 0.0423z)dz
0
z2
15
= 0.8982z + 0.0423
2 0
= 18.2318 m 3
xEL dV 86.013 m4
Then x = = = 4.718 m
V 18.2318 m3
Therefore: V = 18.23 m3
x = 4.72 m
710
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y
6 cm 6 cm
PROBLEM 5.137
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
3 cm
6 cm 6 cm
SOLUTION
Σ 54 306 279
Then XA = Σ xA
X (54) = 306 X = 5.67 cm
YA = Σ yA
Y (54) = 279 Y = 5.17 cm
544
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PROBLEM 5.138
SOLUTION
1
1 (120)(75) ý 4500 80 25 360 ô 103 112.5 ô 103
2
ð
3 ý (75) 2 ý ý4417.9 163.169 43.169 ý720.86 ô 103 ý190.716 ô 103
4
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PROBLEM 5.139
SOLUTION
2r
For quarter circle, r ý
ð
ö 2r ö
(a) M C ý 0: W ÷ ÷ ý Tr ý 0
øð ø
ö2ö ö2ö
Tý W ÷ ÷ý (40 N) ÷ ÷ ý 25.46 N T ý 25.5 N
øð ø øð ø
(b) Fx ý 0: T ý C x ý 0 25.46 N ý C x ý 0 C x ý 25.5 N
Fy ý 0: C y ý W ý 0 C y ý 40 N ý 0 C y ý 40 N
C ý 47.4 N 57.5°
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PROBLEM 5.140
SOLUTION
y ý h(1 ý kx3 )
For x ý a, y ý 0.
0 ý h(1 ý k a3 )
1
ü ký
a3
ö x3 ö
y ý h ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷
ø a ø
1
xEL ý x, y EL ý y dA ý ydx
2
a
a a ö x3 ö ù x4 ù 3
A ý dA ý 0
ydx ý 0
h ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý h ú x ý 3 ú ý ah
ø a ø û 4a û 0 4
a
a a ö x4 ö ù x2 x5 ù 3
xEL dA ý 0
xydx ý 0
h ÷÷ x ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý h ú ý 3 ú ý a 2 h
ø a ø û 2 5a û 0 10
aö 1 ö 1 a ö x3 ö h2 aö 2 x3 x 6 ö
yEL dA ý 0
÷2
ø
y ÷ ydx ý
ø 2 0
h 2 ÷÷1 ý 3 ÷÷ dx ý
ø a ø 2 0
÷÷1 ý 3 û 6 ÷÷ dx
ø a a ø
a
h2 ù x4 x7 ù 9 2
ý úx ý 3 û 6 ú ý ah
2 û 2a 7a û 0 28
ö3 ö 3 2
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ ah ÷ ý a 2 h
ø 4 ø 10
xý
5
a
ö3 ö 9 3
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ ah ÷ ý
ø 4 ø 28
ah 2 yý
7
h
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PROBLEM 5.141
SOLUTION
1
xEL ý x y EL ý y dA ý y dx
2
L
L ö x x2 ö ù x 2 2 x3 ù 5
A ý dA ý 0
h ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx ý h ú x û
ø L L ø û
ý 2ú
2L 3 L û0 6
ý hL
L ö x x2 ö Lö x2 x3 ö
xEL dA ý 0
xh ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx ý h
ø L L ø 0
÷÷ x û
ø L
ý 2 2 ÷÷ dx
L ø
L
ù x 2 1 x3 2 x 4 ù 1
ý hú û ý 2 ú
ý hL2
û 2 3 L 4 L û0 3
ö5 ö 1 2
xA ý xEL dA: x ÷ hL ÷ ý hL2
ø6 ø 3
xý
5
L
5 1 ö x x2 ö
Aý hL yEL ý y y ý h ÷÷1 û ý 2 2 ÷÷
6 2 ø L L ø
2
1 2 h2 Lö x x2 ö
yEL dA ý
2
y dx ý
2 0
÷÷1 û ý 2 2
ø L L
÷÷ dx
ø
h2 Lö x2 x4 x x2 x3 ö
ý
2 0
÷÷1 û 2 û 4 4 û 2 ý 4 2 ý 4 3 ÷÷ dx
ø L L L L L ø
L
h2 ù x3 4 x5 x 2 4 x3 x 4 ù 4
ý úx û 2 û 4 û ý 2 ý 3 ú ý h2 L
2 û 3L 5L L 3L L û 0 10
ö5 ö 4 12
yA ý yEL dA: y ÷ hL ÷ ý h 2 L
ø 6 ø 10
yý
25
h
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PROBLEM 5.142
SOLUTION
The mass of the escutcheon is given by m ý (density)V , where V is the volume. V can be generated by
rotating the area A about the x-axis.
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V ý 2ð yA ý 2ð yA
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Then V ý 2ð yA
ý 2ð (3599.7 mm3 )
ý 22, 618 mm3
m ý (density)V
ý (8470 kg/m3 )(22.618 ô 10ý6 m3 )
ý 0.191574 kg or m ý 0.1916 kg
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Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
B
A
3m 4.5 m 3m
SOLUTION
R I = (200 N/m)(7.5 m)
R I = 1.5 kN
1
R II = (200 N/m)(3 m)
2
R II = 300 N
B = 370 N B = 370 N
A = 1430 N A = 1.43 kN
627
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PROBLEM 5.144
SOLUTION
1
We have RI ý (6 m)(600 N/m) ý 1800 N
2
1
RII ý (6 m)(1200 N/m) ý 3600 N
2
RBC ý (0.8 m) (wBC N/m) ý (0.8wBC ) N
RDE ý (1.0 m) (wDE N/m) ý ( wDE ) N
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PROBLEM 5.145
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 5.146
SOLUTION
First note that the values of Y will be the same for the given body and the body shown below. Then
V y yV
1 2 1 1
Cone ða h ý h ý ð a 2 h2
3 4 12
2
öaö 1 1
ý b
1 2 2
ða b
Cylinder ýð ÷ ÷ b ý ý ð a 2 b
ø2ø 4 2 8
ð ð
a 2 (4h ý 3b) ý a 2 (2h 2 ý 3b 2 )
12 24
We have Y V ý yV
ùð ù ð 2h2 ý 3b2
Then Y ú a 2 (4h ý 3b) ú ý ý a 2 (2h 2 ý 3b 2 ) or Y ý ý
û 12 û 24 2(4h ý 3b)
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y
PROBLEM 5.147
An 8-cm-diameter cylindrical duct and a 4 × 8 cm rectangular
duct are to be joined as indicated. Knowing that the ducts were
12 cm fabricated from the same sheet metal, which is of uniform
12 cm
thickness, locate the center of gravity of the assembly.
4 cm
z x
8 cm
SOLUTION
Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area.
Σ x A 1514.67
Then X = = cm or X = 2.81 cm
ΣA 539.33
Σ y A 4287.43
Y = = cm or Y = 7.95 cm
ΣA 539.33
681
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PROBLEM 5.148
Three brass plates are brazed to a steel pipe to form the flagpole
base shown. Knowing that the pipe has a wall thickness of 8 mm
and that each plate is 6 mm thick, determine the location of the
center of gravity of the base. (Densities: brass ý 8470 kg/m3;
steel ý 7860 kg/m3.)
SOLUTION
ð
Steel pipe: Vý [(0.064 m) 2 ý (0.048 m) 2 ](0.192 m)
4
ý 270.22 ô 10ý6 m3
m ý ò V ý (7860 kg/m3 )(270.22 ô 10ý6 m3 )
ý 2.1239 kg
1
Each brass plate: Vý (0.096 m)(0.192 m)(0.006 m) ý 55.296 ô 10ý6 m3
2
m ý ò V ý (8470 kg/m3 )(55.296 ô 10ý6 m3 ) ý 0.46836 kg
Flagpole base:
m ý 2.1239 kg û 3(0.46836 kg) ý 3.5290 kg
y m ý (0.096 m)(2.1239 kg) û 3[(0.064 m)(0.46836 kg)] ý 0.29382 kg m
Y m ý y m : Y (3.5290 kg) ý 0.29382 kg m
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