Behavioral economics

1.ª parte apresentação: prós

• In some cases, behavioral economics can also be a very e ec ve way of informing
people about the risks associated with speci c choices or behaviors, and so improving
their decision-making. In addi on to improving the choices of individuals can have
posi ve outcomes for society.
• Addi onally, behavioral economics has also been shown to be an e ec ve way of
educa ng people about the risks involved with certain behaviors or choices, thus
improving their ability to make informed decisions in the future by making them aware
of the risks associated with such behavior or choice in the future. As well as improving
individual choices, it is also possible for society to bene t from improved outcomes as
well.

• It can provide new ways to think about the barriers and drivers to a range of behaviors,
such as health insurance take-up and the tendency to contribute to re rement savings.
• There are many factors which can contribute to the tendency to take out health
insurance or contribute to re rement savings, which can be considered in this
approach, and we can use it to be er understand the barriers and drivers of these
behaviors.

• One of them is in policymaking. It can help governments and other ins tu ons
formulate more e ec ve economic policies. They seek to understand the reasons why
economic actors take speci c ac ons. Thus, they can nd more e ec ve ways to frame
individual choices and be directed toward more desirable ac ons.

• Behavioral economics provides an empirically informed perspec ve on how individuals

make decisions, including the important realiza on that even subtle features of the
environment can have meaningful impacts on behavior
• As one of the most important ndings of the behavioral economics paradigm, it is
important to recognize that even subtle features of the environment have an impact on
behavior in a signi cant way based on empirical evidence, providing valuable insights
into the mindsets of individual decision makers.

• Has played an important role in informing policymakers in areas such as personal

health, labour markets, consumer markets and personal nance.
ti
ti

ti

ff
fi
ti
fi
ti
ti

fi
ti
tt
fi
ti

fi
fi

fi
ff

ti
ti
ti

ff

ff
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti

 2.ª parte apresentação: exemplo na vida real

• BERT, in collabora on with the Behavioral Economics Team of the Australian

Government (BETA) implemented a behaviorally informed interven on to reduce
prescrip ons of an bio cs by high-prescribing general prac oners (GPs) in order to
reduce the threat of an microbial resistance. The team applied behavioral insights to
design le ers sent by the Australian Government’s Chief Medical O cer (CMO). BERT
es mates that 126,352 fewer scripts were lled over a six-month period as a result of
the le ers.
• By collabora ng with the Behavioral Economics Team of the Australian Government
(BETA), BERT has implemented a behaviorally informed interven on aimed at reducing
the prescrip on of an bio cs by high-prescrip on general prac oners (GPs) as a
means of reducing an microbial resistance risks. In order to design le ers to be sent by
the Chief Medical O cer (CMO) of the Australian Government, the team applied
behavioral insights. Over the course of a six-month period, the le ers are es mated to
have resulted in 126,352 fewer scripts being lled than they were before.

3.ª parte apresentação: Explicação do gráfico

• database was observed and plo ed from 1950–2010, as reproduced in Figure 1 here.
The numbers in the gure are the rela ve amounts of ar cles within a subject group in
JSTOR, or within ve journals iden ed as “top journals” were featured rela vely more
frequent in the years leading up to 2010, compared with two or three decades earlier.
This notably also holds for top journals, which interes ngly contained a higher
propor on of papers using the terms almost throughout the whole observa on frame.
It is also worth no ng that over the past two decades, it was especially “behavioral
economics” which rose in prominence, whereas “bounded ra onality” had already
begun its (slower) ascent in the 1980s.
• As shown in Figure 1, a database was observed and plo ed from 1950 to 2010.
Compared with two or three decades earlier, these numbers represent the rela ve
amount of ar cles within a subject group in JSTOR or within ve journals deemed to be
"top journals" featured rela vely more frequently up un l 2010. There is also a notable
di erence in the propor on of papers that use the terms throughout the en re
observa on period in top journals. This was interes ngly a higher percentage than in
other journals. Moreover, it should be noted that the eld of "behavioral economics"
has experienced somewhat of a resurgence in the past few decades, while the eld of
"bound ra onality" had already begun gaining a higher pro le by the 1980s.
ff
ti
tt
ti
ti
ti
tt
ti

ti
ti
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
ffi
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
tt
ti
fi
ti

fi
fi
ti
ti
ti
fi
tt
ti
ti
fi
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
tt
ti
ffi
tt

ti
ti
ti

ti
fi
ti