Projects in Comparative Linguistics

Scene 1: Entering the realm of Comparative Linguistics

Name : Entering the realm of Comparative Linguistics

Objective : To have students exposed to the key words of the course and to the tradition of acknowledging others’
works through referencing.
Outcome : Students are able to demonstrate their knowledge about the aerial viewpoints of the course and to write
reference using MLA style.

Action :
1) Identify the key words of the course;
2) Explore and collect the sources (books, papers, and/or journals) that cover the key words;
3) Read the definition and coverage of the keywords from the relevant sources and present the in the provided table;
4) Write the source of your definition and coverage using MLA style;
5) Write your own definition/coverage about the key words by blending the definitions and coverage in action 3;
6) Use the provided table 1 for your answers;
7) Work individually.

Time Frame : Week 2.

Table 1: Entering the realm of Comparative Linguistics
Key Words Definition and Coverage Reference (MLA Style)

1. Comparative 1.1. Comparative Linguistics is a branch of linguistics University of Zurich. “What Is

that aims to develop broad principles of language.
Linguistics (CL) As a result, it varies from language-specific Comparative Linguistics?” University of
approaches, which aim to comprehend a single
language. Zurich, 2010,

www.comparativelinguistics.uzh.ch/dam
The nature of the language faculty and the /jcr:f114a6cf-2996-46f6-96cf-
architecture of grammar, the evolution and history of
language families and language areas, general bc4679d51837/What%20is
patterns in the acquisition of languages by children
and adults, and the relationship of languages with %20Comparative%20Linguistics.pdf.
social and cultural structures on the one hand, and
patterns in cognition and the brain on the other, are
among the principles studied in Comparative
Linguistics.
1.2. Languages are studied in comparative “Chegg.Com.” Chegg Study, Chegg
linguistics in order to find connections between them.
Connections might be genetic, implying that the Inc.,
languages share a common ancestor and belong to
the same language family, or cultural, implying that www.chegg.com/homework-help/definiti
unrelated languages have come into touch.
ons/comparative-linguistics-51.

Accessed 9 Sept. 2021.

Comparative linguists examine and contrast
languages' phonological and morphological systems,
syntax, and vocabularies to find linkages, with
computers increasingly used to uncover symmetries.
Evolutionary phonology, which holds that language
changes in predictable ways, allowing parent or
"proto-languages" to be rebuilt by reverse
engineering, is one tool used by comparative
linguists.
1.3.Comparative linguistics is a branch of linguistics “Descriptive and Comparative
concerned with describing and understanding
diachronic variation and linguistic evolution over Linguistics.” Willem Adelaar, 2014,
time, as well as synchronic older language stages in
all their forms. www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/research/re

search-projects/humanities/descriptive-
The study spans time from Proto-Indo-European and and-comparative-linguistics.
Proto-Semitic (4th and 3rd millennia BCE) to the
present day, as well as geographically from Iceland
and the British Isles to India and Western China in
Eurasia, Northern and West Africa, Eastern
Indonesia and East Timor, the Andes, Meso-
America, and the Guyanas.
Blended Definition (your definition): To look at it another way, comparative
linguistics is the study of language
similarities, differences, and
relationships or correspondence. It aids
in the definition of the topic's
organizational structure as well as the
differentiation of the subject matter.
Blended Coverage (your coverage):
2. Contrastive 2.1. The study and comparison of two languages,
the learners' target language, and learners' native
Analysis (CA) “Contrastive Analysis.,” 2007,
language, is known as contrastive analysis.
Hypothesis staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132309874/p

endidikan/PBI207-

Contrastive+Analysis.pdf

2.2. Contrastive analysis is a technique associated “Contrastive and Error Analysis in

with contrastive linguistics that can be defined as a
systematic comparison of selected linguistic features Inverted Order to Facilitate English
of two or more languages with the goal of providing
teachers and textbook writers with a body of Language Teaching.” CONTRASTIVE
information that can aid in the preparation of
AND ERROR ANALYSES IN
instructional materials, course planning, and
classroom technique development.
INVERTED ORDER, 2016, pp. 158–67.

Neliti,

media.neliti.com/media/publications/231

665-contrastive-and-error-analyses-in-

invert-5b277525.pdf.

2.3.The contrastive analysis hypothesis is a branch “An Overview of Contrastive Analysis

of comparative linguistics concerned with comparing
two or more languages in order to determine their Hypothesis.” Mahboobeh JOZE
 differences or similarities, either for theoretical or TAJAREH, 2015,
non-theoretical reasons. It presupposes that you
believe in universals in language; otherwise, there dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/7
would be no point of comparison.
13830.

CA has been used to establish language genealogy

in comparative historical linguistics, to generate
language taxonomies in typological linguistics, and
to study equivalence difficulties in translation theory
to create bilingual dictionaries.
Blended Definition (your definition):
Blended Coverage (your coverage):
The study of comparing a learner's
native and target languages by
discovering structural differences and
similarities is known as contrastive
analysis. It was considered a positive
transfer if the learner's native language
could be easily translated into the target
language, and vice versa.

3. tertium 3.1. The similarity in quality between two things that Jülicher, Adolf. Die Gleichnisreden
are being compared. It was the point of comparison Jesu. 2nd ed., Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr,
comparationis that motivated the author of the comparison in the 1910.
first place to compare someone or something to
someone or something else.
3.2.The so-called third part of comparison, tertium Bereday, 1964; Bray et al., 2007; Hilker,
comparationis, establishes a generic relationship
 between distinct research objects.
3.3. the third and most important link between the
explained and explanatory notions
Blended Definition (your definition):
Blended Coverage (your coverage):
4. Synchronic and 3.1. The study of a language at a specific time is
known as synchronic linguistics (usually the
Diachronic present). It's sometimes referred to as descriptive or
general linguistics.
Diachronic linguistics is the study of language across
historical periods. The first examines a snapshot of a
language, whereas the second investigates its
evolution (like a frame of film vs. a movie).
3.2.The synchronic technique involves analyzing any
feature of language in a single time period (usually
the present) without taking into consideration earlier
eras in the language's history, such as the usage
patterns of double negatives in English (I don't have
1962
Potebnya, 1914
The third element of comparison is
Tertium Comparationis, in which we
compare different legal systems but in a
functional fashion, that is, we try to
figure out what kind of legal answers
each culture has in response to a
certain problem.
Nordquist, Richard. “What Is Synchronic
Linguistics?” ThoughtCo,
www.thoughtco.com/synchronic-
linguistics-1692015.
“Central Concepts of Saussure:
Synchrony vs Diachrony.” Ankara
University, 2016,
any money).
The diachronic approach entails comparing any
aspect of language between two (or more) periods of
time, effectively focusing on the change and
evolution of whatever it is you're looking at, such as
double negative usage patterns in English in the
18th century and comparing them to patterns in the
19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries to see if they've
changed.
3.3.The study of a language at a certain point in time
is known as synchronic linguistics. The time studied
might be either the present or a specific moment in
the past; dead languages, such as Latin, can also be
analyzed using synchronic analysis. Synchronic
linguistics contrasts with diachronic linguistics
(sometimes known as historical linguistics), which is
concerned with the study of a language over time.
Diachronic linguistics is the area of linguistics that
studies phonological, grammatical, and semantic
changes, as well as the reconstruction of previous
stages of languages and the discovery and
view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?
src=https%3A%2F
%2Facikders.ankara.edu.tr
%2Fpluginfile.php
%2F66564%2Fmod_resource
%2Fcontent
%2F1%2FHafta5.pptx&wdOrigin=BRO
WSELINK.
Britannica, The Editors of
Encyclopaedia. "Synchronic linguistics".
Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Apr. 2016,
https://www.britannica.com/science/syn
chronic-linguistics. Accessed 13
September 2021.
Britannica, The Editors of
Encyclopaedia. "Historical linguistics".
Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Aug. 2010,
https://www.britannica.com/science/hist
orical-linguistics. Accessed 13
 implementation of methods for demonstrating September 2021.
genetic links across languages.

Historical linguistics has its roots in etymological

ideas from classical and medieval times, in the
Renaissance comparative study of Greek and Latin,
and in researchers' speculations about the language
from which the rest of the world's languages
descended.
Blended Definition (your definition): Diachronic linguistics is the study of
language in its historical context,
whereas synchronic linguistics is the
study of language in its geographical
context, that is, the study of a language
at a certain point in time.
Blended Coverage (your coverage):

5. Similarity and 3.1. Comparative Linguistics is a branch of linguistics University of Zurich. “What Is
that aims to develop broad principles of language.
Difference in CL/CA As a result, it differs from language-specific Comparative Linguistics?” University of
research, which focuses on understanding a single
language, whereas contrastive analysis examines Zurich, 2010,
and compares two languages, the learners' target
www.comparativelinguistics.uzh.ch/dam
language and native language.
/jcr:f114a6cf-2996-46f6-96cf-

bc4679d51837/What%20is
 %20Comparative%20Linguistics.pdf.

“Contrastive Analysis.,” 2007,

staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132309874/p

endidikan/PBI207-

Contrastive+Analysis.pdf

3.2. Languages are studied in comparative “Chegg.Com.” Chegg Study, Chegg

linguistics in order to find connections between them.
Connections might be genetic, implying that the Inc.,
languages share a common ancestor and belong to
the same language family, or cultural, implying that www.chegg.com/homework-help/definiti
unrelated languages have come into touch.
ons/comparative-linguistics-51.

Accessed 9 Sept. 2021.

Contrastive analysis is a technique associated with

contrastive linguistics that can be defined as a
systematic comparison of selected linguistic features
“Contrastive and Error Analysis in
of two or more languages with the goal of providing
teachers and textbook writers with a body of
Inverted Order to Facilitate English
information that can aid in the preparation of
instructional materials, course planning, and
classroom technique development. Language Teaching.” CONTRASTIVE

AND ERROR ANALYSES IN

INVERTED ORDER, 2016, pp. 158–67.

Neliti,

media.neliti.com/media/publications/231

665-contrastive-and-error-analyses-in-

invert-5b277525.pdf.

3.3. Comparative linguistics is the study of “Contrastive and Error Analysis in

diachronic variation and linguistic evolution over
time, as well as synchronic older language stages in Inverted Order to Facilitate English
all of their forms.
Language Teaching.” CONTRASTIVE

AND ERROR ANALYSES IN

Contrastive analysis hypothesis, on the other hand,
is a branch of comparative linguistics concerned with INVERTED ORDER, 2016, pp. 158–67.
comparing two or more languages in order to
determine their differences or similarities, either for Neliti,
theoretical or non-theoretical reasons. It
presupposes that you believe in universals in media.neliti.com/media/publications/231
language; otherwise, there would be no point of
comparison. 665-contrastive-and-error-analyses-in-

invert-5b277525.pdf.
 “An Overview of Contrastive Analysis

Hypothesis.” Mahboobeh JOZE

TAJAREH, 2015,

dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/7

13830.

Blended Definition (your definition):

Comparative linguistics is the study of diachronic

variation and linguistic evolution over time, as well
as synchronic older language stages in all of their
forms.

Contrastive analysis hypothesis, on the other hand,

is a branch of comparative linguistics concerned
with comparing two or more languages in order to
determine their differences or similarities, either for
theoretical or non-theoretical reasons. It
presupposes that you believe in universals in
 language; otherwise, there would be no point of
comparison.

Blended Coverage (your coverage):

Assessment Criteria:
1. The comprehensiveness of the definition and coverage;
2. The comprehensiveness of the blended definition and coverage
3. The relevance of the reference in terms of content and types of publications
4. The currency of the referred sources
5. The accuracy of MLA style usage