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6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Numbers and Number Sense

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics- Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1 Number and Number Sense
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Tangub City

Schools Division Superintendent: Agustines E. Cepe, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Puriza L. Legaspi

Reviewers: Marilou S. Galvez, Mercy B. Arsenal, Aljun E. Pilonggo,

Mylene A. Salomon, Janeth A. Redulla, Serafin E. Mendoza Jr.

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Janeth U. Tigol

Management Team
Chairperson: Agustines E. Cepe, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Rosemarie T. Macesar

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members Carmelita A. Jubay-CID Chief

Puriza L. Legaspi, EPS- Mathematics
Gina L. Mandawe, LRMS Manager
Marilou S. Galvez, PDO II
Binepie M. Tapao, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Tangub City
Office Address: Anecito St.,Mantic, Tangub City,
Telefax: (088) 395-3372
E-mail Address: www.depedtangub.net
 6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Numbers and Number Sense

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

Preface ......................................................................................................................................................i

Lesson 1: The Concept of Ratio

What I Need to Know .................................................................................................... 1

What ‘s New ..................................................................................................................1-2
What Is It ......................................................................................................................3-6
What’s More .................................................................................................................7
What I Have Learned..................................................................................................8
Assessment……………………………………………………………………… 9

Lesson 2: The Concept of Proportion

What I Need to Know………………………………………………………….. 10

What’s New ................................................................................................................ 11-14
What Is It ................................................................................................................... 15-16
What’s More ...............................................................................................................
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………….17
Assessment .............................................................................................................. 18

Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................. 19

Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………… 20
References ........................................................................................................................................... 21
 Preface
Dear Pupils,

This module, Mathematics 6 Quarter 2 - Module 1 is written to further

enhance your critical thinking and develop the love of mathematics. This acquired skill
would soon be applied in your everyday lives.
This module covers the concepts of ratio and proportion. These topics are
presented in such a way that they are easy to understand and visualize.
The following are the special and unique features of this module:
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW. This part presents the competency or the objective
that each learner should know and master.

 WHAT’S NEW. This part of the module presents the content input of the topic
that will be discussed.

 WHAT IS IT. This contains the discussions of the topic which include illustrative
examples of the lesson.

 WHAT’S MORE. In this part, the first activity will be given to each learner.

 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED. Another activity will be answered by the pupils.

 ASSESSMENT. This is the last part of each topic in which another activity will
be given and answered by the learners to assess if each of them learned and
mastered the skill.

Learning Mathematics is fun. It is not as difficult as you think. We hope this

module can help you explore the world of mathematical concept in relation to your
everyday life.

The Author

i
Lesson
The Concept of Ratio
1

Objective/s

1. Express one value as a fraction of another given their ratio and vice
versa

In this lesson pupils will learn about expressing one value as a fraction
of another given their ratio and vice versa.

Definition of Terms

Fraction ( from Latin fractus, “broken” ) represents a part of a whole or

more generally, any number of equal parts.

Two Main Parts of a Fraction

1. Numerator refers to the number on the top of the line.

- It tells how many equal parts of the whole or collection are taken.

2. Denominator refers to the number below the line.

- It shows the number of the whole is being divided. It functions as
divisor of the numerator.
Illustration:
Numerator

1
𝟐

1
 Ratio is the spoken language of arithmetic. It is a way of comparing two
or more quantities having the same units. The quantities may be separate
entities or may be different parts of a whole.

A ratio can be written in three different ways such as:

word form → a is to b
colon form → a : b
fraction form ( by giving the value of their quotient ) → 𝑎⁄
𝑏

Example.

There are two circles and three triangles in a box. Express the number of
circles to the number of triangles and vice versa.

Solutions:

a. Draw the figures in the given problem like this

b. Express the ratio of the two quantities (circles and triangles) in three
different ways.

 Word form → two circles is to 3 triangles

 Colon form → 2:3
 Fraction form → 2⁄3

Rate is a comparison of two quantities but may have different units of

measures and their ratio has a unit of measure. For example, 60 kilometers to
an hour or 60 kilometers per hour.

2
Illustrative Example 1: Study and Learn

What is 14 out of 56 expressed as a fraction?

Solutions
Step-by-Step:
a. Write 14 as the top number (numerator) of the fraction.
b. Write 56 as the bottom number (denominator) of the fraction.
like this,

𝟏𝟒 Numerator

𝟓𝟔 Denominator

Simplify this fraction by reducing to it’s lowest term.

Simplify the fraction by dividing the top and bottom numbers by their
greatest common factor (GCF) which is 14.
Using a factor tree we find the GCF
14 ÷ 14 = 1 14 56
56 ÷ 14 = 4
2 x 7 2 x 28
therefore:
𝟏𝟒 𝟏
→𝟒 The common factors
2 x 14
𝟓𝟔
of 14,56 are 2 & 7. Then multiply
2 and 7 to get the GCF. 2 x 7

Therefore the GCF is 14

Answer:

14 out of 56 is ¼ as a fraction

𝟏
𝟒

3
Do this!

Read and express the problem as one quantity as a fraction

of another.

What is 15 out 125 expressed as a fraction?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative example 1 and answer the problems below .

Write your answer on the attached activity sheet 1 found in appendices

1. Is your answer wrong? Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answer is correct you, then can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

Answer: 3 / 25
Illustrative Example 2. Study and Learn

A class of 32 students has 12 girls. What is the ratio of girls to boys?

Solutions:

Step-by-Step
a. Get the number of boys in the class.
→ subtract the total number of class which 32 by the number of girls
which 12.
like this,
32 – 12 = 20
So the total number of boys in the class is 20.

b. Therefore, the ratio of girls to boys is 12 : 20

c. Simplify the ratio by dividing each number by their greatest common factor
which is 4.

like this,

𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎
: = 3:5
𝟒 𝟒

Answer:

So the ratio of girls to boys is 3 : 5

or 3/5

5
 Do this!

Read and express the ratio of the given problem below.

A class of 54 students has 16 boys.

a. What is the ratio of boys to girls?
b. What is the ratio of boys to the entire class?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative example 2 and answer the problems below .

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet 2 on the appendices

1. Are your answers correct? Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answer is correct you, then can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

Answers: a. 8 /19, b. 8 / 27

6
 Illustrative Example 3: Study and Learn

Joshua scored 168 points in 7 basketball games. Express in lowest terms,

the average rate of the number of points that Joshua scored in every game.

Solution:
168 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
Rate = → simplify by divide by their greatest
7 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠
common factor which is 7

24 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
= = 24 points/game
1 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒

Do this!

Joana can type 288 words in 8 minutes. How many words can
she type per minute?

Check your
answer below

Did you get the correct answer?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity .

If no, read and study again illustrative example 3 and answer the problem below .

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet 3 on the appendices

1. Is your answer correct? Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answer is correct you, then can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

Answer: 36 words/minute

7
Do this!

Enrichment Activities
Read and answer the problem below. Write your answers on the
activity sheets provided on the appendices.

1. There are 576 freshmen students enrolled in Algebra class, one

hundred forty-four have chosen to take the removal examination in Algebra
class. What fraction of the class will be taking the removal examination in
Algebra?
2. Christian is 30 minutes late for a variety show that is three hours
long. What fraction of the variety show does he miss?

3. A basket has 120 star apples and mangoes. If there are 90 mangoes,
what is the ratio of mangoes to star apples?

Check your answer on

page 19___________

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative examples 1&2 and answer the problems below .

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet on enrichment activity

on the appendices.
1. Are your answers correct? If not, Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answers are correct you can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

8
 Exercises:

Read the problem below and simplify your answers to its lowest term if
possible. Write your answers on the attached activity sheet provided on the
appendices.

1. What is 15 out of 45 expressed as fraction?

2. What is 14 out of 28 expressed as a fraction?

3. There are 6 circles, 4 triangles and 2 squares.

a. What is the number of circles as a fraction of the total number of shapes?

b. What is the ratio of triangles to circles?
c. What is the ratio of squares to circles?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative examples 1&2 and answer the problems below .

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet on enrichment activity

on the appendices.
1. Are your answers correct? If not, Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answers are correct you can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

9
 Assessment

Do it on your own.

A. Express the ratio in colon form and fraction form. Write your answers on the
attached activity sheet.

Colon Fraction
1. In Hillary’s flower garden, she has 5 variety
of snake plants and 15 variety of orchids.
What is the ratio of snake plants to orchids?
2. There are 65 Mathematics books and 75
Science books in the mini library. What is the
Ratio of Science books to Math books?

B. Express each rate in lowest terms in either colon form or fraction form. Write
your answers on the attached activity sheet.

3. The ratio of 468 students to 9 classrooms

4. The ratio of 368 students to 8 buses

C. Read and solve. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet .

5. There are 312 freshmen students enrolled in Algebra class, one hundred
four have chosen to take the removal examination in Algebra. What fraction
of the class will be taking the removal examination in Algebra?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative examples 1,2 & 3 and answer the problems below
.

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet on enrichment activity

on the appendices.
1. Are your answers correct? If not, Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answers are correct you can now proceed to the next activity.
Congratulations

10
 Lesson
The Concept of
2 Proportion

Objective/s:

1. Defines and illustrates the meaning of ratio and proportion

concrete or pictorial models.

In this lesson pupils will learn and understand fully the concept on ratio
and proportion using concrete or pictorial models.

Definition of Terms

Ratio is the spoken language of arithmetic. It is a way of comparing two or more

quantities having the same units.

A ratio can be written as a is to b or a : b or by giving the value of

their quotient 𝑎⁄
𝑏
Terms of Ratio

Antecedent refers to the first term of the quantity of the ratio.

Consequent refers to the second quantity of the ratio.

1st term (Antecedent)

𝒂
2nd term (Consequent) 𝒃

11
Study and Learn:

There are two circles and three triangles in a box. Express the number of
circles to the number of triangles and vice versa.

Solutions:
a. Draw the figures in the given problem like this

b. Express the ratio of the two quantities (circles and triangles) in three
different ways.

 Word form → two circles into three triangles is 2 to 3

 Colon form → 2:3
 Fraction form → 2⁄3

Proportion is the statement of equality between two ratios or fractions.

Its part of a proportion is a term. A proportion can be written in two ways:

𝑎 𝑐
as two equal fractions =𝑑
𝑏
or
using a colon a : b = c : d → read as a is to b as c is d

Terms in Proportion

Means refers to the inner numbers of the proportion.

Extremes refers to the outside numbers of the proportion.
means

a:b = c:d

extremes
If in a given proportion a term is missing, it can be solved using cross
multiplication.

12
 Illustrative Example1: Study and Learn

Using a model to show equalities of two ratios.

𝟐 𝟒
𝟑
=𝟔
= = = = = =
2 out of 3 is equal to 4 out of 6

Therefore, the two ratios are equal, so they are in proportion.

𝟐 𝟒
𝟑
= 𝟔
hence, in a proportion the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes. 3 x 4 = 2 x 6.
12 = 12

Illustrative Example 2.

Tell whether the ratios form a proportion.

𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟗
a. ,
𝟏𝟒 𝟕
b. ,
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟔
Solutions:
Step by Sep
𝟔 ? 𝟑
a. Write a proportion →
𝟏𝟒
= 𝟕

Form a cross product → 6 x 7 =? 3 x 14

Multiply → 42 =√ 42 Answer: The ratios form a

proportion
6 ? 𝟗
b. Write a proportion → =
11 𝟏𝟔

?
Form a cross product → 6 x 16 = 11 x 9

Multiply → 96 ≠ 99

Answer: The ratios do not form a proportion

13
Illustrative Example 3. Study and Learn

Fine the missing term and tell whether the two ratios form a proportion.

a. 6 : 9 = 8 : x b. n : 4 = 6 : 8

Solutions:

a. 6 : 9 = 8 : x → Multiply the extremes 6 ∙ x and means = 9 ∙ 8

6 ∙ x = 9 ∙ 8 → Find the product 6x = 72
6x = 72 → Find the value of x by dividing both sides of the equation by 6

𝟔𝐱 𝟕𝟐
= Checking: 6 : 9 = 8 : x → Replace x by 12
𝟔 𝟔
X = 12
6 ∙ 9 = 8 ∙ 12→ Get the product of the
xtremes and means
6 ∙ 12 = 9 ∙ 8

72 = 72 → The two ratios form

a pproportions

b. . n : 4 = 6 : 8 → Multiply the extremes n ∙ 8 and means = 4 ∙ 6

n ∙ 8 = 4 ∙ 6 → Find the product 8n = 24
8n = 24 → Find the value of n by dividing both sides of the equation by 8

𝟖𝐧 𝟐𝟒
= Checking:
𝟖 𝟖
X=3 n : 4 = 6: 8 → Replace n by 3

3 ∙ 4 = 6 ∙ 8 → Get the product of the

extremes and means
3∙8=4∙6

24 = 24 → The two ratios are

proportions

14
 Enrichment Activities: Study and Learn
Read the problem carefully and write a proportion to find the missing term.

Activity 1.
Christie bought 9 different kinds of fruits for Ᵽ 270.00. At the same price,
how much will she pay for 15 different kinds of fruits?

Solutions:
Step-by-Step
Understand.
a. What is asked?
The price of 15 different kinds of fruits Christie can pay.
b. What are the given facts?
Christie bought 9 different kinds of fruits for Ᵽ 270.00.

Plan.
Strategy: Write a proportion and use cross products.

Solve.
Set up a proportion:

number of different kinds of fruits number of different kinds of fruits

=
price of the fruits price of the fruits

9 15
= → Multiply the extremes 9 ∙ n and means = 270 ∙ 15
270 n

9 ∙ n = 270 ∙ 15 → Find the product 9n = 4,050

9n = 4,050→ Find the value of n by dividing both sides of the equation by 9

9n 4,050
=
9 9
n = 450 → Answer: Christie pays Ᵽ 450.00 for 15 different
kinds of fruits.

15
Activity 2.
In a basketball game, Christian made 6 shots in 10 tries. At this rate,
how many shots can he make in 20 tries?

Solutions:
Step-by-Step
Understand.
a. What is asked?
The number of shots Christian can make in 20 tries.
b. What are the given facts?
Christian made 6 shots in 10 tries.

Plan.
Strategy: Write a proportion and use cross products.

Solve.
Set up a proportion:

number of shots number of shots

=
number of tries number of tries

6 n
= → Multiply the extremes 10 ∙ n and means = 6 ∙ 20
10 20

10 ∙ n = 6 ∙ 20 → Find the product 10n = 120

10n = 120→ Find the value of n by dividing both sides of the equation by 10

10n 120
=
10 10
n = 12 → Answer: Christian can make 12 shots in 20 tries

Check:
Substitute n = 12 to verify the if the answer is correct.

10 x n = 6 x 20

10 x 12 = 6 x 20

120 = 120

16
 Exercises:

A. Illustrates whether the two ratios are equal or not using cross the products.
Write your answer on the attached activity sheet.

3 1 4 2
1. , 2. ,3
27 9 9

B. Find the missing term in a proportion. Write your answer on the activity sheets.

5 35 18 21
3. = 4. = 28
12 n n

C. Read and solve the problem. Show your solutions on the attached activity
sheet.

5. Romel is typing a term paper that is 480 words long. He can type 20
words in a minute. How long will it take for him to type the term paper?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative examples 1&2 and answer the problems below .

Write your solutions on the attached activity sheet on enrichment activity

on the appendices.
1. Are your answers correct? If not, Why? What is the correct answer?

If your answers are correct you can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

17
 Assessment

Do it on your own.

A. Illustrates whether the two ratios are equal or not using cross the
products. Write your answer on the attached activity sheets.

8 4 12 4
1. , 2. ,
10 6 15 5

B. Find the value of N in each of the following proportions.

18 21
3. = 28
n

12 n
4. =
16 64

C. Read the problems below and solve. Write your answer on the attached
activity sheet.

5. Mary solved six out of ten problem correctly in Mathematics. What is the
ratio of the number of correct answers to the number of wrong answers?

6. In a basketball game, Jun made 5 shots in 7 tries. At this rate, how many
shots can he make in 14 tries?

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again illustrative examples above and answer the problems below
.

If your answers are correct you can now proceed to the next activity.

Congratulations

18
 19
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
What’s More from Page 8 What I have Learned from Page 17
Do this ( Enrichment Activities) Exercises
1. 13 / 72 A. 1. equal
2. 1 / 6 2. not equal
3. 3:1 B. 3. n = 84
What I have Learned from Page 9 4. n = 24
Exercises C. 5. n = 24 min.
1. 1 / 3 or 1:3 Assessment From Page 18
2. 1 / 2 or 1:2 A. 1. not equal
3. a. 1 / 2 2. equal
b. 2 / 3 B. 3. n = 24
c. 1 / 3 4. n = 48
Assessment from Page 10 C. 5. 6 : 4
A. Colon Fraction 6. n = 10
1. 1 : 3 1/3
2. 15 : 13 15 / 13
B. 3. 52 : 1
4. 46 : 1
C. 5. 1/3
Appendices

Worksheets

Number 1
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

Number 2
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

20
Number 3
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

Number 4
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________
Number 5
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

Number 6
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________
Number 7
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

Number 8
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________
Number 9
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________

Number 10
Name:________________________________ Grade: ____________
School:_______________________________
Teacher:______________________________
 Assessment
Worksheet Lesson 1

A. Express the ratio of the following in colon form and fraction form.

Colon Fraction
1. In Hillary’s flower garden, she has 5 variety
of snake plants and 15 variety of orchids.
What is the ratio of snake plants to orchids? __________ __________

2. There are 65 Mathematics books and 75

Science books in the mini library. What is the
Ratio of Science books to Math books? ___________ __________

B. Express each rate in lowest terms.

3. The ratio of 468 students to 9 classrooms

4. The ratio of 368 students to 8 buses

C. Read and solve. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet .

5. There are 312 freshmen students enrolled in Algebra class, one hundred
four have chosen to take the removal examination in Algebra. What fraction
of the class will be taking the removal examination in Algebra
 Assessment
Worksheet Lesson 2

A. Illustrates whether the two ratios are equal or not using cross the products.

8 4
1. , =
10 6

12 4
2. , =
15 5

B. Find the value of N in each of the following proportions.

18 21
3. =
n 28

12 n
4. =
16 64

C. Read the problems below and solve.

5. Mary solved six out of ten problem correctly in Mathematics. What is the
ratio of the number of correct answers to the number of wrong answers?

6. In a basketball game, Jun made 5 shots in 7 tries. At this rate, how many
shots can he make in 14 tries?
References
 DepEd Portal
 Perez, H., Placer, D., Burgos, R., Dimaranan S.(2016) 21st Century
MATHletes. Vibal Group Inc.

21
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tangub City

Anecito St., Mantic, Tangub City

Telefax: (088) 395 – 3372
Website: www.depedtangub.net