TYPES OF OXYGEN MASKS

SIMPLE FACEMASK
-

this is the most common style of oxygen masks. It allows 40% oxygen to be delivered to the wearer but the only problem of this style is that the oxygen is diluted because of poor sealing.

VENTURE MASK this uses a mechanical vent, which increases the rate at which the oxygen flows into the mask. The only problem here is that it delivers only up to 28% oxygen.

PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK this is a style that allows almost 60% oxygen to be delivered to the person wearing it and it looks like a non-breather mask, but it is not.

MEDICAL PLASTIC OXYGEN MASK

-

these are made of plastic and mostly used by Doctors or other medical care provides for the purpose of oxygen therapy. These plastic masks are disposable and quite cost effective. They are lightweight and transparent and ideal for those who do not want to wear uncomfortable oxygen masks.

SILICONE AND RUBBER OXYGEN MASK these masks are heavier than plastic but are designed so as to prevent the leakage of oxygen while being worn for long periods of time. These masks are worn by aviators, medical researchers and patients who have suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning and also worn by those in the hyperbaric chamber. These are ideal for 100% inhalation of oxygen.

AVIATION PASSENGER OXYGEN MASKS all commercial airplanes are fitted with oxygen masks in case of emergency situations, for higher altitudes and also for when the cabin pressurization system isnt working too well. These masks will automatically drop from overhead compartments when the oxygen levels drop below safe levels and these are used to prevent hypoxia.
-

SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS

-

these types of masks are used by firefighter and Emergency Medical care workers. These are full-face masks and provide oxygen to the lungs along with protecting the eyes and the face. These masks are attached to an oxygen storage tank, which can be carried as a backpack.

SPECIALIZED OXYGEN MASKS FOR DIVERS AND ASTRONAUTS

-

these are special full face masks which supply oxygen and other breathing gases to astronauts and divers and can aid in removing nitrogen from the bloodstream before space walks or underwater decompression.

HIGH ALTITUDE OXYGEN MASKS

-

these are special oxygen masks used for those who climb mountains of extreme height like the Mt. Everest or the Himalayas. These oxygen tanks are like bottles of lightweight high strength metal and are filled with oxygen under high pressures. The high-pressure process allows the oxygen to last longer.

CHEST TUBE

A chest tube (chest drain or tube thoracostomy in British medicine or intercostal drain)
-

is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the side of the chest into the pleural space. It is used to remove air (pneumothorax) or fluid (pleural effusion, blood, chyle), or pus (empyema) from the intrathoracic space. It is also known as a

Blau drain or an intercostal catheter.

MECHANICAL VENTILATOR

Mechanical Ventilation
-

is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing.

This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a physician or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows. Traditionally divided into negative-pressure ventilation, where air is essentially sucked into the lungs, or positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea. It can be used as a short term measure, for example during an operation or critical illness (often in the setting of anintensive care unit). It may be used at home or in a nursing or rehabilitation institution if patients have chronic illnesses that require long-term ventilatory assistance. Owing to the anatomy of the human pharynx, larynx, and esophagus and the circumstances for which ventilation is required then additional measures are often required to "secure" the airway during positive pressure ventilation to allow unimpeded passage of air into the trachea and avoid air passing into the esophagus and stomach. Commonly this is by insertion of a tube into the trachea which provides a clear route for the air. This can be either an endotracheal tube, inserted through the natural openings of mouth or nose or a tracheostomy inserted through an artificial opening in the neck. In other circumstances simple airway maneuvres, an oropharyngeal airway or laryngeal mask airway may be employed. If the patient is able to protect their own airway such as in non-invasive ventilation or negative-pressure ventilation then no airway adjunct may be needed. Mechanical ventilation is often a life-saving intervention, but carries many potential complications includingpneumothorax, airway injury, alveolar damage, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

TYPES OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

X-Ray
-

is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

BONE SCAN is a nuclear scanning test to find certain abnormalities in bone which are triggering the bone's attempts to heal. It is primarily used to help diagnose a number of conditions relating to bones, including: cancer of the bone or cancers that have spread (metastasized) to the bone, locating some sources of bone inflammation (e.g. bone pain such as lower back pain due to a fracture), the diagnosis of fractures that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images, and the detection of damage to bones due to certain infections and other problems.

MRI SCAN
-

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures. MRI makes use of the property of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to image nuclei of atoms inside the body.

CT-SCAN
-

is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a threedimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of twodimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.