NAME:

REG NO;
COURSE CODE: 6500
SEMESTER : Spring 2022
 Assignment No.1
QUESTION NO 1

What is Education and how can it develop the Man? What should
be the aims of education in global perspective?

Answer:

The man started thinking with logic and reason and develops more ways of effective learning. He
becomes able to break the shackles of the social evils and started exploring positive ways. An

educated mind is very necessary for the removal of social evils and prejudices

schooling is a social science that encompasses coaching and gaining knowledge of specific
talents. working towards instructors in the subject of training use a selection of methods and
substances of their preparation to impart a curriculum. The goal of schooling is the increase of
college students in order that they grow to be productive residents of a dynamic, ever converting,
society. basically, the supplying of subculture from technology to generation promotes a greater
recognition and responsiveness thru social maturity to the desires of an increasingly various
society. education is the important thing to social exchange in preferred, and a sustainable
destiny mainly. simple education nowadays is considered the ones capabilities that are necessary
to feature in society.

It reflects the range of the disciplines that make up our college community, the myriad
pedagogical philosophies we deliver to the classroom each day, and the strengths of our training
and training. faculty are vested with the number one responsibility for the improvement of new
publications and applications and the revision of existing guides and packages. The college’s
direction outlines and diploma and certificates packages replicate our very own academic
assignment and philosophy. each outline and program has been rigorously reviewed to make
certain it meets the standards set forth within the nation academic Code and in addition to the
standards for excellence that we've got established as an educational organization. crucial to the
curriculum of the network university is the course outline of document. The course outline serves
a number of purposes: It paperwork the premise for a settlement most of the pupil, teacher, and
institution, identifying the expectancies if you want to serve as the idea of the pupil’s grade and
giving the fundamental required components of the direction which the pupil is assured to get
hold of from the instructor and institution. it's far a file with described prison standing that is
examine via many extra eyes than just the ones of the trainer and student.

The curriculum is dynamic as the adjustments that arise in society are the components of
curriculum. In its slim feel, curriculum is viewed simply as a list of challenge to be taught in
school in these days. however i am very hopeful that if we focus on 3 facets of curriculum which
can be desires and functions of training, evaluation of merchandise and procedure of curriculum,
our curriculum can change the prevailing social shape or institutes for the reason that the
determinants of a curriculum are simple wishes, social elements, cultural elements, individual

every child can learn and each toddler should study with inclusive pedagogy through
accessibility of education. If it isn't, i'm decide to make it become on hand via any way small or
large.

Sharing questioning with Ben Carson, I “think massive”; I accept as true with that I may be the
trade and with braveness and resolution i'm the change. a hundred% numeracy and literacy is my
all time aim and i'm able to attain because I consider. If a toddler can't learn the manner I educate
then i'm able to train the way the child learns. My goal is not to be a sage on the stage but a
manual via the side. regarding inclusive pedagogy in my private education will permit me to
achieve my desires. I impart know-how, I manual studying, I channel ideas, I create
opportunities, I effect lives, I train!

what is inclusive pedagogy you are making ask and the way will this grow to be viable?
incredible questions! retain analyzing and see the effective causes i have in expounding on my
philosophy.
Inclusive Pedagogy is a term used to describe an rising body of literature that advocates coaching
practices that include the complete pupil inside the mastering manner (Tuitt, 2001, p. 243).
unlike the traditional strategies including chalk- and- talk and the whole banking machine which
deprive college students of being whole highbrow beings.

the lecturers want to apprehend the instructional designs and a way to observe those. In
executing this efficaciously the mastering technique ought to disclose the usage of theoretical
frameworks, pupil centered gaining knowledge of, collaboration, culturally healthy (diversity),
focus of different mastering patterns and reflective practices

Overcome social prejudices:

This is probably the most important benefit of education. Social evils and belief can really hold
back the growth and development of a society, and a country. So, to overcome this and
understand and explain things with logic and reasoning, educated minds and very essential. One
enlightened mind can lit up a thousand more. Education, used in the proper way also helps to
reduce crime and restore law and order.

Nurture talent and pursue dreams:

Every human has dreams and aspirations. So, education is a medium to pursue and fulfill them. It
increases the knowledge of a person in different fields of studies. It helps to determine a path to
follow and express your talent to the world.

Enhance creativity and imagination:

Education opens up new ways and ideas to ponder. It cultivates a young mind to think out-of-
the-box and explore different things in life. Education also helps to know about things and stay
healthy, fit and follow a productive lifestyle.
Contribute to a bigger growth:

Education is a way of academic excellence and paves the path for economic growth of the
country. Research and development in sectors like technology, medicine, and others,
breakthrough innovation and progressive mindset – all of this are fruits of education, which takes
a nation and its people forward. Educated people contribute towards advancement in every
sector.

Knowledge, wisdom and exposure:

Education opens up every channel of knowledge and wisdom. It exposes us to a whole new
world of information, invent new things and know how we can make our surroundings a better
place to live and out our lives to a greater, and better use.

As Nelson Mandela said, “Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change
the world.”  When the world is busy getting equipped with deadly weapons and machinery, it is
very important to understand that education is the real asset that can develop an individual as
well as a nation. People and leaders across the world should join hands to make education, not
only a fundamental right for all, but also the guiding light, which can take mankind ahead
through any phase of darkness.
Education Overcomes Social Prejudices
The most important change that Education can bring in our lives is to remove social prejudices.
The man started thinking with logic and reason and develops more ways of effective learning. He
becomes able to break the shackles of the social evils and started exploring positive ways. An
educated mind is very necessary for the removal of social evils and prejudices.

Education Provides Knowledge and Wisdom

There is no wonder that education opens up the door of wisdom and knowledge. It introduces a
completely different and new world to us. It enables a person to eradicate social evils and make
efforts to make his society a better place to live.

As Nelson Mandela has rightly said that,

“Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change the world”.

Education Nurtures Talents

Sometimes, people become blind to their own talents and capabilities and as a result, lose their
worth. Education helps a person in acknowledging his talents and to discover the brighter side of
his life.

Education can enhance creativity and imagination

Education helps a person in pondering over the positive situation by enhancing his creativity and
imagination. An educated mind can think out of the box and can act more wisely as well as
effectively.

Education helps in character development

Education plays a vital part in the character development of a person. An educated person thinks
with logic and reason and never settle for less. He knows his worth. An educated mind is always
searching for more opportunities in life.
 QUESTION NO 2

Compare the basic philosophies e.g. Ontology, Epistemology and

Axiology? Apply these philosophies to the field of education.

Answer:
Epistemology, Ontology and Axiology can be considered as the skeleton of education,
research and all the academic discourses. This paper highlights the basic orientation of
philosophies in education along with their application in curricular planning and
classroom implications. Giving a brief overview of the branches of philosophy it talks
about its role in education and planning.

Overview of Educational Philosophies

Education is an aim-oriented action by its nature (Acar, 2019). The question of aims is
usually associated with the ontological and metaphysical conceptions, especially with
the thought of temporality. The ontological and metaphysical questions of education
are, however, considered monotonous, even useless from the perspective of forward-
oriented life-long learning. The majority of activity has always been concerned with
epistemology (questions of knowing) and ethics (questions of right action).

Traditionally, much of this work, particularly in epistemology, has had a highly

individualistic tendency. (Stables & Andrew, 2017). However, the tendency has been
changed and has become a common task to implement in learning behaviour.
Epistemology doesn't only concern itself with knowledge intrinsically. While studying
epistemology, we select an angle to start out. We might use logic as an entrance point
to review knowledge by researching certain elements of data for its logic in reference
to good or bad reasoning for itself.
Traditional epistemology cares with knowledge, with what we all know, as something
explanatory belief. Or, allow us to put it like this: We believe that once we know what
we all know, it's true. Why would we call it knowledge if it is verified not faithful to
the bones? That is knowledge as justified true belief. Of course, an epistemological
challenge is to work out how we will justify or, nice is good, validate the true belief.

The way we teach in education is going to be driven primarily by our beliefs or maybe
more importantly, by the commonly agreed consensus within a tutorial discipline
about what constitutes valid knowledge in the subject area. The nature of data centres
on the question of how we all know what we all know. What is the reason that we
should believe something is ‘true’? Questions of this kind are epistemological in
nature. Epistemology is a philosophy concerned with the character and validation of
data.

Most of the school level teachers in the schools are familiar with the main theories of
learning, but because instructors in secondary education are hired primarily for their
subject experience, or research or vocational skills, it's essential to introduce and
discuss, if only briefly, these main theories (Stables & Andrew, 2017). In practice,
even without formal training or knowledge of various theories of learning, all teachers
and instructors will approach teaching within one of these main theoretical
approaches, whether or not they're conscious of the lesson terminology adjacent to
these methodologies.

An important part of education is aimed toward developing students’ understanding,

within a specific discipline, of the standards and values that support the academic
study of that discipline, and these include questions of what establishes valid
knowledge therein discipline. For many experts in a particular field, these norms are
often so strong and embedded that the experts might not even be openly aware of
them unless challenged. But for novices, such as students, it often takes a great deal of
time to fully understand the fundamental value systems that drive the choice of
content and methods of teaching.

Epistemology in Education

Introduction

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge especially with regards to its methods

validity and scope and the distinctions between justified belief (Audi, 2010) In this
regard the belief system we have developed has been validated by the past experience
we have had in our lifetime. For Example, if we believe the firer get us hurt: the belief
has been validated or justified from our past experience or the literature we
encountered in our study.

The belief we developed from the experience tends to be stronger or more justified
than the belief we construct from the previous literature.  The obtained beliefs/
knowledge are validated from different experiments for the sustainable knowledge
system. The epistemological question involves the theory of knowledge, evidence
reason for believing, justification probability and what one ought to believe and any
other concepts that can only be understood through one or more of the above.

The term “epistemology” comes from the Greek words “episteme” and “logos”.
“Episteme” can be translated as “knowledge” or “understanding” or “acquaintance”,
while “logos” can be translated as “account” or “argument” or “reason”. Just as each
of these different translations captures some facet of the meaning of these Greek
terms, so too does each translation capture a different facet of epistemology itself.
Although the term “epistemology” is no more than a couple of centuries-old, the field
of epistemology is at least as old as any in philosophy. In different parts of its
extensive history, different facets of epistemology have attracted attention.
Plato’s epistemology was an attempt to understand what it was to know, and how
knowledge (unlike mere true opinion) is good for the knower. Locke’s epistemology
was an attempt to understand the operations of human understanding, Kant’s
epistemology was an attempt to understand the conditions of the possibility of human
understanding, and Russell’s epistemology was an attempt to understand how modern
science could be justified by appeal to sensory experience.

Much recent work in formal epistemology is an attempt to understand how our

degrees of confidence are rationally constrained by our evidence, and much recent
work in feminist epistemology is an attempt to understand the ways in which interests
affect our evidence and affect our rational constraints more generally. In all these
cases, epistemology seeks to understand one or another kind of cognitive success (or,
correspondingly, cognitive failure). This entry investigates the varieties of cognitive
success, and some recent efforts to understand some of those varieties. (Steup, 2005)

Epistemology talks about the method hoe do we acquire knowledge. There are various
methods of knowledge acquisition. There is a Nepali proverb like ' ki parera janinxa ki
padhera' the proverb also talks about experience knowledge and theoretically acquired
knowledge. The word padhera refers to reading previous literature whereas parera
refers to the experience. So epistemology exists in every activity we do for knowledge
acquisition.

As it is said epistemology is the theory of knowledge it investigates all the variables

of knowledge and its systems like methods process, origin nature, the limit of human
knowledge, and justification.

Educational Implication in Nepalese Contexts

Epistemological questions are open-ended and more philosophical where the freedom
of a wide range of knowledge exists. Education is a process as well as validation of
experiential and theoretical knowledge. For knowledge validation, different tools are
being used in educational contexts. In school level education questions are designed
on the basis of curriculum and desired outcome. However, epistemology studies that
how obtained knowledge is tested/ evaluated

QUESTION NO3

Elaborate the Islamic philosophy of education and its application in

the present education system.

Answer:
ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION

Islam has presented the concept of accountability of deeds in hereafter and the universal
philosophy of life. Islam is the discipline or religion created by Allah. It is the religion of nature.
Accordingly men being the creation of Allah are free from all kind of defects and faults. Islamic
philosophy lays down the most precious and valuable principles of Islamic way of life including
the doctrines of unicity of Allah and the prophet hood of the Holy Prophet peace be upon him.
They can be regarded as the guiding principles of Islamic concept of philosophy. The holy
prophet peace be upon him preached that
Acquisition of knowledge is obligatory upon both Muslims male and female
He also acknowledge the importance of travelling to far off place to enhance the experience
Acquire knowledge even if you have to travel to china
Islamic philosophy of education envisages “righteous thinking and action” to make the
individual aware about his purpose of creation and to identify him self and to have cognizance of
Allah.
Islamic concept of philosophy preaches that the purpose of life is “achievement of pleasure of
Allah.” This pleasure does not restrict the human activities to mere worships of Allah but it
educates the people to realize the system of rights of all the living creatures and also the non
living things which are the requirements to establish an exemplary worth living society.

ISALAMIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION IN THE LIGHTS OF HOLY QURAN:

Surah 96 is said to be the very first chapter to be revealed of the Holy Quran. It starts with the
word “read”. It says “read in the name of the Preserver, who created, who created man from a
clot of blood. Read and thy Preserver is the greatest Benefactor: he taught through the pen. He
taught man what he did not know.”
From this already, we see a strong bias in Islam in favour of Education. This book was revealed
when reading and writing was well known, unlike other Scared Books, which were revealed
before the art of reading and writing was current.
Surah-i-Baqar emphasizes Study and Observation of the Universe and Nature, for these “are the
signs of Allah for those who use their brains.”
In surah 3 verse 16, god mentions himself first, angels second, and then men of knowledge third,
showing how much honour they are held by Him: “Allah bears witness that there is not God but
He, and the angels, and men endued with knowledge, established in righteousness”. In surah 58
verse 12 Allah says: “Allah will raise in rank those of you who believe, as well as those who are
given knowledge”.
In surah 2, verse 123, Allah says “teach them “the book” and wisdom. The above verses from the
Holy Quran show the importance of education according to Islamic point of view.

ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH:

Holy prophet peace be upon him laid great stressed on acquisition of education and here are
some hadith which would enlighten the importance of education according to the sayings of Holy
Prophet:
Acquire knowledge from the cradle to the grave.
Whoever honours a scholar honours me (The Prophet).
The ink of the scholar is holier than the blood of Martyrs.
Learned people are the heirs of the Prophets.
The passing away of a whole tribe is more tolerable than the death of one learned man.
The Prophet peace be upon him asked Gabriel what the supreme authority was and he answered:
The Intellect.
Increase in learning, and thou wilt draw nearer to God.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION:

The following are some of the characteristics of Islamic concept of education
· UNIVERSAL RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY:
Islamic philosophy of education is unique and universal in nature in comparison to the
philosophies of education of other countries and as well as philosophy of Idealism, realism,
naturalism and pragmatism. This is the philosophy created by Allah for the guidance of human
minds.
· ALLAH IS THE CHIEF RESOURCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE:
According to the Islamic concept of educational philosophy Allah is the chief source and centre
of knowledge. It is Allah who is like possessor of all the informations of the universes and He is
the only source of authentic knowledge through his revelations the prophet has also been
provided knowledge. According to Islamic preaching acquiring of knowledge is compulsory for
every Muslim and it is the modest desirable activity of human beings in the sight of Allah.
· SUPPORTS TO MAKE KNOWLEDGE PURPOSEFUL:
Islam supports to make knowledge purposeful. According to the Islamic educationists Islamic
concept of education is not only theoretical or imaginary but it almost adopts the shape of a
regular and practical aspects. Apart from acquiring pleasure of Allah by having education man
can get other benefits also which include
a) Universality of education
b) Progress in literature
c) Progress in science
d) The know how about religious education
e) The know how of ethical and moral principles
f) Feelings
g) Citizen’s right and duties leadership in political principles
h) Use of natural resources
· THE PURPOSE OF LIFE ITSELF IN THE AIM OF KNOWLEDGE:
According to the Islamic philosophy the purpose of life and the purpose of knowledge are both
same purpose. Hence the purpose for which Allah has created the man is same as the purpose of
acquiring knowledge as the creation of man is for acquiring the pleasure of Allah and this can
not be fulfilled by only worship. Islam does not allow man to lead the life of hermit. Therefore to
ensure the pleasure of Allah along with all the prayers the believers have to participate in social
and political affairs of the society which have been entrusted by Allah to all the Muslims.
· FULFILMENT OF HUMAN NEEDS:
Islam clearly makes it followers to understand the ascent of humanitarianism and provide
complete opportunities to meet the needs of life. According to the principles of Islamic education
the complete and versatile development of human being becomes possible. Equal attention is
paid to spiritual, emotional and moral growth on one hand and to economical and social growth
on the other hand. As such none of the human needs escape from being encompassed by the
Islamic concept of education.
· IN FAVOUR OF PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINE AND SKILLS:
In the modern time acquiring of skills and professional education have become very popular. It is
also said that these aspects are the creation of modern man’s thinking. But it is evident from the
Islamic history that Islam has always provided whole hearted support and favoured the adoption
of various professions such as agriculture, medicine, science etc, to which Muslims had made
large contributions.
· IT CONTRADICTS NARROW MINDEDNESS:
Islamic concept of education does not favour narrow mindedness because Islam has a broad out
look about life. Right from the early period Islam acquired the service of non Muslims and
showed great interest in learning the languages of non Muslims and their other discipline. Many
Greek disciplines are translated into Arabic. Muslim educationists said that “knowledge has no
boundaries”. The basic concept of education from centuries in Islam is that “knowledge is
regarded to be the lost inheritance of the believers and it has to acquire from all the available
sources”.
· IT BRINGS EDUCATION AND LIFE CLOSER:
Islam is the religion does not accept to escape from the realities of life. Hence its philosophy of
education emphasizes to acquire such education which may be helpful to solve the problems of
life. The Muslim experts of education have classified the discipline into two types:
a) Artificial
b) Intellectual
But they did not make a distinct demarcation between the two. The Islamic concept of education
is provision of such knowledge which makes the problems of human beings and their societies.

· ACQUIRING EDUCATION IS A JOINT RESPONSIBILITY:

Whereas Islam has made acquiring of education as compulsory it has also made it obligatory that
they should provide the light of knowledge to others who are still in the darkness of ignorance
and illiteracy. In Islam this is the responsibility of every educated person to part knowledge to
the possible extent to others who do not possess such knowledge. Thus propagation of
knowledge is a joint responsibility of Muslim society.
· IT IS A COLLECTIVE SYSTEM:
In Islam concept of education is not fulfilled by reading few text books and participation in some
educational activities. Islam presents a collective system of education based upon practical
training. Islamic philosophy of education is neither teacher centred nor students centred but it is a
collective system in which neither the teacher has to adopt punitive measures nor the students are
allowed to take undue advantage of the teachers’ soft attitude.

CONCLUSION:
Islam is a complete code of life therefore the concept of philosophy of education which Islam
present is complete to develop human beings spiritually, emotionally, morally, ethically, socially
as well as economically. To help the the Muslims lead their lives according to the teaching of
Holy Quran and Sunnah to achieve success in life here and after death.
 QUESTION NO 4

Elaborate the philosophy of idealism in the context of Metaphysics.

Determine the relationship of idealism with aims and processes of
education.

Answer:

Self Realization:

The aim is to enable each child to realize soul, recognize his real form and proceed

towards self knowledge. Self realization means full knowledge of the self or the soul.

Man has a soul. Beyond soul there is supreme soul. Human soul is a part of this soul.

Man achieves perfection when he realizes self. So that idealist philosophers have

advocated that liberation or nirvana or mukti is the ultimate aim of life.

Idealism: Aim # 2.

Spiritual Development:
Man converts his original nature to spiritual nature where man can realize spiritual

values like truth, beauty and goodness in life. One has to enjoy intellectual, aesthetic and

moral values through spiritual development of mind.

Idealism: Aim # 3.

Cultivation of Moral Values:

Moral values enable one to achieve perfection in life. One has to express his moral

values through all activities in life. Intellectual values solve all human problems what he

faces in life time. So that idealism cultivates moral values in order to make life perfect,

noble one.

Idealism: Aim # 4.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Conservation, Promotion and Transmission of Culture:

According to idealism aim of education should be related to preserve, promote and

transmit culture from time to time, person to person and place to place. Moral,

intellectual and aesthetic activities of man help in preserving, promoting and

transmitting culture from generation to generation.

Cultural heritage of mankind should be preserved. In addition to this spiritual and

moral values not only contribute the human society by promoting culture but also

transmit the same to the oncoming generation.

Idealism: Aim # 5.

Development of Physical Health:

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Idealist philosophers advocate that education should be religious, moral, intellectual,

aesthetic and physical. Emphasis should be given on physical health i.e. sound health
through spiritual values. Education should aim at developing child into a complete man

with full mental, intellectual, moral and cultural uplift. So sound health provides sound

mind where creative values are produced for the well being of human society.

Question No 5
Discuss the fundamental principles of the four traditional
philosophies of education and highlight the aims of education of
each philosophy.

Answer:
Plato is quite possibly the earliest scholar to examine what may be named vision.
Normally Plato alluded to as Platonic Realism. This is a direct result of his precept
depicts structures or universals. (Which are unquestionably non-material "standards"
from a wide perspective). Plato kept up with that these structures had their own
autonomous presence. That's what plato trusted "full reality" it is accomplished
exclusively through thought and could be portray as a non-emotional "supernatural"
optimist. The term mysticism in a real sense signifies "past the physical" This area of
Philosophy a spotlights on the idea of the real world. Mysticism endeavors to find
solidarity across the areas of encounters thought. At the time powerful level there are four
wide philosophical ways of thinking that apply to training today. They are vision,
authenticity, practicality (at times called experientialism and existentialism). Plato was a
romantic savant who established the primary school of reasoning in Athens. His work
shapes the underpinning of western way of thinking. His show of philosophical works as
"Exchanges" gave the universe of reasoning the logic. Plato took Socrates' proverb
"temperance is information" and extrapolated it into an intricate hypothesis of
information which visualized a degree of reality past that quickly accessible to the
faculties yet open to reason and mind. The understudies of Plato's foundation the primary
school of reasoning in Athens, were to go past the substantial universe of discernment
and come to grasp the widespread "thoughts" or structures which addressed a more
significant level of the real world. Plato's vision stretched out to the idea of an optimal
state as framed in his "Republic". This was a state governed by a scholarly first class of
rationalist rulers.

Essentialism

Defenders of this way of thinking accept that schools effectively promote a uniform and
shared information through thorough investigation of customary "fundamental" scholastic
substance, by and large showed through direct guidance. Such a way of thinking shows
itself in the Common Core State Standards, government sanctioned testing, perusing
writing commonly considered "works of art," the "five passage exposition," and the
investigation of conventional and departmentalized center subjects. Essentialism
addresses what has generally been viewed as the method for fostering a balanced
instructed populace.
Perennialism

Advocates of this way of thinking accept that schools effectively develop thinking, and
logical and decisive reasoning abilities through openness to the world's extraordinary
scholars like rationalists, researchers, critical strict figures, specialists, and other people
who have formed civilization. For the most part shown through a mix of direct guidance
and oral and composed conversation, perennialism has an objective of planning
understudies to add to the proceeding with scholarly and stylish improvement of
humanity. Such a way of thinking shows itself to extensive units of study,
interdisciplinary educational programs, and the improvement of "fundamental inquiries"
to be inspected over the long run.

Reformism

Advocates of this way of thinking accept that schools effectively promote social
obligation and popularity based values, and of "refining" training by setting the
necessities and interests of the understudies at the very front. By and by, this way of
thinking shows itself through a blend of short examples, involved exercises, bunch work,
project learning, administration learning, sympathy fabricating, and customized help.

Social Reconstructionism

Advocates of this way of thinking accept that schools effectively prepare understudies to
be basic experts of worldwide issues and issues and to become problem solvers to work
on the human condition. Practically speaking, this way of thinking shows itself in
perusing, expounding on, and talking about critical social issues, multicultural
examinations, local area based project learning, field review, and endeavors to carry the
world into the homeroom through projects and visitor moderators.