MODULE 1- The internet and the Web
WEB 2.0
ICT trend
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
Arpanet (1969)
• experimental communication system
funded by the U.S. Department of
Defense
• Arpanet's first international links were
established in 1973
Early Commercial Networks
Telenet
• by BBN (Bold, Beranek and Newman)
• BBN sold Telenet Communication Corp.
EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN INTERNET
• 1980s were the Internet's most defining
years
• early 1980s Arpanet had adopted the
TCP/IP communications standards that
would become commonplace on the
Internet
• National Science Foundation's NSFNET,
which came online in the mid-1980s to
link several supercomputing
laboratories with U.S
• From just 213 host computers on
Arpanet in 1981, the Internet had
burgeoned to include some 10,000 hosts
by 1987, and topped 300,000 by 1990,
World Wide Web
• 1989 proposal at the Swiss physics lab
CERN
• Tim Berners-Lee
• Standards
1. hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
2. hypertext mark up language (HTML)
3. uniform resource locator (URL)
• By 1990, Berners-Lee had likewise
created the first Web browser and
server software to feed information to
the browser.
• early 1994 established Netscape
Communications Corp. with Silicon
Valley titan Jim Barksdale
WEB 1.0
• read-only web
• the read-write
• YouTube and MySpace
• requires users can interact or contribute
content.
WEB 3.0
• read-write-execute
• consider semantic markup and web
services
• refers to the communication gap
between humans and computerized
applications
• formatting data to be understood
by software agents
BUSINESS USES OF THE INTERNET
Information Exchange
• e-mail and other person-to-person
communications, e.g., computer
conferencing
• online marketing and brand building
• employee recruitment
• investor and public relations information
distribution
• intranets for employee knowledge
sharing and collaboration
• extranets to enable outsourcing and
supply-chain integration
E-COMMERCE
• preparing customers for the sale
• facilitating the actual transaction
• managing any follow-up to the sale
EMERGING TRENDS IN INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY FOR 2020-2021
Artificial intelligence
• Predictive Sales/Lead Scoring
• CRM/Service Delivery Optimization
• Chatbots/Digital Assistants
• Cybersecurity Threat Detection
• Marketing Automation
• Advanced Coding Languages
• Big Data Analytics
• Blockchain
 • Computer Vision • prepare students for the workplaces,
• Customer Data Platforms improvement of educational systems
• Cybersecurity Mesh and attainment along with how people
• Serverless Computing access and process information
• Cloud Computing • promote a quality education and
• Digital Health effective teaching- learning atmosphere
• Digital Twin for both a student and teacher
• Edge Computing • provides educational opportunities and
• IoB (Internet of Behaviors) environmental readiness for classroom
• IoT (The Internet of Things), or IoT, instruction
1. Asset Tracking • ICT plays a greater role in generating of
2. Industrial Monitoring knowledge and processing information
3. Smart Badges for problem solving and further
4. Fleet Management exploration
5. Smart Buildings • powerful instrument that enables
6. Low-Code Technology practical environment and assists new
7. Quantum Computing ways of teaching and learning
8. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
9. Spatial Computing Manipulative factors
10. Total Experience • beliefs
11. 5G in Everyday Life • skills and commitment of teachers
• Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality • ICT knowledge
(AR/VR) • availability of ICT resources
• Smart Home Technology
Non-manipulative factors
• Open-Source Solutions
• age
Module 2- ICT for Education: • gender
• religion
Integration of ICT in teaching and
• educational experience
Learning • computer experience
• Governments are more conscious more • national policy and external supports
than ever about the importance of ICT • ICT integration is not dependent on one
• ICT in schools is crucial for the factor
development of economic and social • ICT resources does not guarantee
change worldwide effective implementation
• ICT plays a major role in the developing • A continuous teachers’ professional
countries to go through economic, development on the use of ICT is far
political, social and cultural important as a tool for enhancing an
development effective instruction
What can ICT provide?
Issues that affect the application of ICT
• opportunities to stimulate learning • broken and collapsed economy,
• increase motivation that enables • lack of qualified teachers,
teachers and students to interact • inadequacy of teachers’ funding for
productively salary,
Potential of ICT • poor working conditions,
• high student enrollment and
 • the failure of experts to integrate ICT • there is a clear-cut difference between
into curricula teachers who use ICT to facilitate
• Outdated and scarce of infrastructure learning for understanding a particular
and information resources topic and those who use resource only
for presenting the topic without direct
Importance of ICT into classroom instruction application
• support, facilitate and make easier • Several studies reveal that teacher’s
teaching-learning process characteristics play a greater role on the
• helps students and teachers to facilitate use of ICT
and handle complex problems • educational level,
• stimulates a new atmosphere where • teaching and computer
teachers and students could interact and experiences,
collaborate to learn new skills • age,
• gender, and
3 objectives in education • financial position
•
• ICT as an object of study Factors Preventing the use of ICT
• discipline organization • inadequacy of technological
• medium of teaching and learning infrastructure,
• hardware
The teachers factor in ICT Integration
• software
• Teacher attitude and competence • limited internet access
ensure ICT implementation and • poor bandwidth
guarantee further ICT innovation. • sporadic electricity
• to promote • political conflict,
1. approaches, • geographical factors
2. standards and harmonization of ICT • demographic factors
tasks • poverty,
3. the awareness for ICT equity • lack of teachers’ participation in
4. and maintenance of ICT curriculum development and evaluation,
5. implementation of ICT training • poor school vision, mission and
6. assessment and evaluation of leadership
development of ICT
MODULE 3 - Impact of ICT
ICT Integration

• teachers should prepare students for the Social Business

knowledge in order to acquire the • utilize technology for good
competency of ICT use to process
information Benefit of Social Business with ICT
• Effective application of ICT into • Affordability
classroom heavily relies on the • Scalability
• availability of technological • Community
resources
• qualified and confident teacher ICT on PEOPLE
and Positive
• other internal and external • Access to information
factors that directly or indirectly • Improved access to education
affect teachers’ welfare and • New tools, new opportunities
morale.

Negative
• Jobless
• Reduced personal interaction
• Reduced physical activity
ICT in Organization
Positive
• Communication
• Information management: Security
Negative
• Cost
• Competition
• Security
General Societal Impact
• Educational Opportunity
• Improve Communication
• People Participation and Empowerment
The Digital Justice Initiatives
• DIGITAL refers to data that is converted
into digital format - ones and zeroes
• JUSTICE is our call when we seek
fairness, equity, accountability, and
inclusivity.
Issues brought by Digital Revolution
• Almost everything is becoming digital
• inaccessibility and the digital divide
• gardens of proprietary platforms and
knowledge
• hyper-surveillance
• lack of regulation
• Cybercrime
• fake news
• hijacked democracies
Philippine Digital Issues
Hijacked Democracies
• (2018) private data of some 1.2 million
Filipino Facebook users were harvested
by Cambridge Analytica
Reports showed SCL operating through local
proxies with clients such as President
Duterte and Bongbong Marcos.
PH Digital Justice Initiative
• equity and social justice
• look at how digitalization, datafication,
platformization and intelligencification
• Philippine democracy, human rights,
labor, agriculture, education, poverty
and inequality, and social
movements.
MODULE 5 – (FOSS) Free and Open-
Source Software
What is FOSS?
OSS/FS programs are programs whose
licenses give users the freedom
to run the program for any purpose, to study
and modify the program, and to redistribute
copies of either the original or modified
program (without having to pay royalties to
previous developers) - David Wheeler
FOSS Philosophy (FSF)
• The freedom to run a program, for any
purpose;
• The freedom to study how a program
works and adapt it to a person’s needs.
Access to the source code is a
precondition for this;
• The freedom to redistribute copies so
that you can help your neighbor;
• The freedom to improve a program and
release your improvements to the
public, so that the whole community
benefits. Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
FOSS Philosophy (OSI)
• focused on the technical values of
making powerful, reliable software, and
is more business-friendly than the FSF
Advantage of FOSS Development

• Reduced duplication of effort

• Building upon the work of others

• Better quality control

• Reduced maintenance costs

History

The free/open source software movement

began in the “hacker” culture of U.S. computer
science laboratories (Stanford, Berkeley,
Carnegie Mellon, and MIT) in the 1960’s and
1970’s

• William H. Gates III - 3 rd February 1976

• Symbolics
• Richard Stallman -> GNU -> 1984
• Linus Torvalds -> Linux -> 1991
1997 Linux exploded into the press limelight

• 1998 -> Open Source Initiatives (OSI)

• 1999 -> Red Hat gave it a market
capitalization
Why FOSS Is FOSS free?

• No

Why FOSS Benefits?

• Security
• Reliability/Stability
• Open standards and vendor
independence
• Reduced reliance on imports
• Developing local software capacity
• Piracy, IPR, and WTO
Localization

Why FOSS Shortcomings?

• Lack of business applications

• Interoperability with proprietary
systems
• Documentation and “polish”
Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing

• The GNU General Public License (GPL)

• BSD-style Licenses
• Can FOSS be combined with proprietary
software?