Spanish Colonization

4
Spanish
Colonization
This
lesson focuses on how the Philippines was
discovered. The many expeditions sent to
the Philippines,
the discovery of the Philippines,
the settling of the Spaniards and the
political
and economic
set
-
up established during the Spanish reign in the
Philippines.
Learning Outcome:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1.
n
arrate the settling of the Spaniards in the
Philippines
2.
describe the political structure during the Spanish
occupation
3. discuss the economic set during this time
Spanish expedition to the
Philippines
Magellan Expedition

Ferdinand Magellan, a
Portuguese
,
who served the Spanish
royalty
,
headed five
ships
with 235 men
in search of spices.

Magellan and his men reached
Philippines on March 17, 1521.

He tried to conquer Mactan in
April 1521, but he was
killed by
Lapulapu, the chieftain of Mactan.
He
was named the first Filipino hero after
that incident.

Only one ship, the Victoria,
completed the voyage back to Spain in
1522 headed by Juan Sebastian del
Cano.
Spanish Colonization
Significance of Magellan’s Journey
To the world
-
Established that the world is round
-
Circumnavigated of the world
To the Philippines
-
Th
e first mass was held
-
Locating the Philipp
ine archipelago in European and W
orld Map
-
Introduction of Christianity
Saavedra Expedition

In 1527
, another expedition of
three sh
i
ps and a crew of 115 men were
sent to
the Philippines under the command of Alonzo
de Saavedra Ceron.

They reached Lanuza Bay, overlooking Surigao
del Sur in
February 1528.

They reported to Spain that Northern Mindanao
was rich in gold, coconuts and
domestic fowls.

They did blood
-
brotherhood ceremonies with the people of Minda
nao. They also
recognized
Si
k
atuna as their chief.
Saavedra failed to return to Spain because he
died on the high seas.
Villalobos Expedition
.

Six ships and 370 crew of men under the
leadership of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
reached the eastern coast of Mindanao early of
1543.

They settled in Sarangani Island where his men
plowed and planted corn.

Because of the scarcity of food in Saranga
ni Island
, the expedition left t
he
Philippines.

Villalobos Expedit
i
on’
s greatest contribution
was
the naming of
Tandaya or
Kandaya (Leyte) as Las
Islas de Filipinas
in honor of
King
Philip
II of Spain.
Legazpi Expedition
.

The Legazpi expedition was
composed of four ships with 350 men under the
command of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
and they
reached Cebu in February 1565.

He had blood compact with Sikatuna at Sigala in
Bohol.
In April 1565, Ciudad
del Santisimo
Nombre de Jesus
became the first Spanish t
own established in the
Philippines after Santo Nino
of Cebu was discovered.

In June 1571, Martin de Goiti, Legazpi’s nephew,
conquered Manila and defeated
Rajah Soliman. When Manila and Cebu were
named as capital of the Spanish
government
, the name
Philippines was applied in the entire archipelago.
Spanish Colonization

The arrival of the ship San Geronimo
in October 1566, Legazpi learned that King
Philip II was satisfied with the feedback about the
Philippines and also the king’s
determination to access the Philippine te
rritory.
Political Institutions
.

Philippine society was administered by the ministry
of colonies.

Spain delegated their
Governor
–
General
, empowered to perform the executive,
le
gislative and judicial functions

T
he
Alcalde
-
ma
yor
(governor) in the provinces were appointed by the
governor
-
general
o
Alcalde M
ayor
had the power to execute function in the province.
His primary
role is to collect taxes
, maintain peace and order i
n the province, and administer
over
prison cell
s
.
o
Goberna
do
r
cillo
administered the municipality. He collected taxes
and
maintained peace and order in the municipality or
city.
o
Cabeza de Barangay
was the former datu, sultan or raja. They were
appointed by
the Spanish authorities. They are respected
by the native
s and
enjoyed the
privilege as member
s
of the mi
ddle class. They do not receive
salary, but they are
exempted to pay tax.
Economic Policies.

Tax was
a compulsory contribution in terms of money levied
by the state to
people and property

I
t serve
s
as the lifeblood of the government.
The Filipinos
from the early times
paid
community tax
and
bandala
. The payment of taxes made them not to improve
their production because the bigger
part
of their income goes to tax.

Force
d
labor (polo y servicio
) requi
red
all men aged 16
-
6
0 to render service to the
government for 40 days in a year.

The Filipinos were
forced to work in the construction of bridges,
roads, schools
and schools and ship yards. Many of them worked
more
than
eight hours a day.

Encomienda
were
referred to as vast tracks
of land given to the favorites of the
government in return
of loyal services rendered. T
he owners were called
encomiendero
.
Spanish Colonization
Spanish Influences
. The government and economic policies
introduced by Spain in the
Philippines grea
tly influenced the culture and values of the Filipino
people.

Religious influences: Catholicism, baptism,
fiestas, Christmas, Sta. Cruzan and
Semana Santa are traditions associated with
religion.

Filipino Surnames: Filipinos were ordered to adopt
the Sp
anish family names
during the leadership of Governor
-
General Narciso Claveria in November 11,
1849.
Colonization of the Philippines
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
(1502
–
1572)
He came from a noble family. He was a lawyer and
a soldier. He worked as a councilor
in
his town. He was a leader of the financial
government and civil governor of Mexico.
He established the first colony in the Philippines in
1565.
Legazpi’s Achievements

Peace accord with local leaders
through blood c
ompacts

Conquest and establishment of
Cebu as the oldest Spanish City

Conquest of Panay and other islands

Founding of the city of Manila
Reasons for Colonization: 3
G
s
1.
GOD
–
the conversion of the natives to Christianity
2.
GOLD
–
accumulation of gold and wealth
3.
GLORY
–
supremacy of Spain over Po
rtugal as a Superpower
The political context of colonization was
the union of the church and State
.
The
Petronato Real de las Indias
was a combination of laws and Jurisprudence that
governed the delicate relationship between the
Catholic
Church
and Spanish Crown.
O
bligations of Church and Civil
Authority under the Petronato Real
The Church was in charge of the
:
a. evangelization of the natives
b. recog
nizing the right of Spaniards to
colonization
Spanish Civil Authority
, on the other ha
nd:
a.
Promote
s
and maintain
s
social order
b.
Promote
s
, maintain
s
and defend
s
Catholic Religion
Spanish Colonization
c.
Extract
s
tribute/stipend and finance cost of missionary work
References:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990). History of the
Philippines. Garo Tech Books Inc.: Quezon
City
Malabuyoc, Edwin (2008). Philippine History. Jimsy
Publishing House: Malabon City