1 Quadratic Equations

1. (b) Given equation is 3x 2 + 8x + 2 = 0

Let P(x ) = 3x 2 + 8x + 2 5. (a) Let the number be x.
On putting x = - 8 in P(x ), we get A square of number = x 2
P(- 8) = 3(- 8)2 + 8(- 8) + 2 As the sum of number and twice of its square is 21.
= 3 ´ 64 + (- 64) + 2 \ 2 x 2 + x = 21.
= 192 - 64 + 2 = 130 ¹ 0 6. (i) (c) Given equation is x 2 - 10 x + 21 = 0
Hence, - 8 is not a solution of the given equation. On comparing with ax 2 + bx + c , we get
a = 1, b = - 10 and c = 21
2. (a) The given quadratic equation is x 2 - 14x + 24 = 0.
Here, ac = 1 ´ 21 = 21and b = - 10
On comparing with standard form of quadratic
\ p = - 3 and q = - 7
equation i.e. ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 1, b = -14 and c = 24 \ x 2 - 10 x + 21 = 0
Here, ac = 1 ´ 24 = 24 Þ x - 3x - 7 x + 21 = 0
2

So, factors of 24 are 12 and 2. Þ x (x - 3) - 7 (x - 3) = 0

\ x 2 - (12 + 2 )x + 24 = 0 Þ (x - 7 ) (x - 3) = 0
Þ x 2 - 12 x - 2 x + 24 = 0 Þ x = 7 or x = 3
Þ x(x - 12 ) - 2(x - 12 ) = 0 (ii) (d) Given equation is 15 y 2 - 41y + 14 = 0
Þ (x - 2 ) (x - 12 ) = 0 On comparing with ax 2 + by + c = 0, we get
Þ (x - 2 ) = 0 or (x - 12 ) = 0 a = 15, b = - 41 and c = 14
Þ x =2 Here, ac = 210 and b = - 41
or x = 12 So, p = - 35 and q = - 6
Hence, roots of the equation x 2 - 14x + 24 are 2 \ 15 y 2 - 41y + 14 = 0
and 12.
Þ 15 y 2 - 35 y - 6 + 14 = 0
3. (b) Given equation is Þ 5 y (3 y - 7 ) - 2 (3 y - 7 ) = 0
2x 2 + 5 2x + 5 = 0
Þ (5 y - 2 ) (3 y - 7 ) = 0
On comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
2 7
a = 2, b = 5 2 and c = 5 Þ y= ,
5 3
By using quadratic formula, 1
(iii) (b) Given equation is 21x 2 - 2 x + =0
- b ± b2 - 4ac 21
x=
2a On comparing with ax + bx + c = 0, we get
2

-5 2 ± (5 2 ) - 4 ´ 2 ´ 5 1
= a = 21, b = - 2 and c =
2 ´2 21
1
-5 2 ± 50 - 40 Here, ac = 21 ´ = 1and b = - 2
= 21
4
-5 2 ± 10 So, p = - 1and q = - 1
= 1
4 \ 21x 2 - 2 x + =0
21
-5 2 ± 10
= 1
4 Þ 21x 2 - x - x + =0
21
4. (c) Given quadratic equation is 7 y 2 - 4 y + 5 = 0 1
Þ x (21x - 1) - (21x - 1) = 0
On comparing with ay 2 + by + c = 0, we get 21
a = 7, b = - 4 and c = 5 æ 1ö
Þ ç x - ÷ (21x - 1) = 0
Now, D = b2 - 4ac = (-4)2 - 4(7 ) (5) è 21ø
= 16 - 140 = - 124 < 0 1
Þ x=
Since, D < 0, so given quadratic equation has no real 21
root. 1
or x=
Hence, it has imaginary roots. 21
 (iv) (a) Given equation is 6x 2 - 31x + 40 = 0
On comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 6, b = - 31 and c = 40
Here, ac = 240 and b = - 31
So, p = - 16 and q = - 15
\ 6x 2 - 31x + 40 = 0
Þ 6x 2 - 16x - 15x + 40 = 0
Þ 2 x (3x - 8) - 5 (3x - 8) = 0
Þ (2 x - 5) (3x - 8) = 0
5 8
Þ x= ,
2 3
(v) (d) Given equation is 3x 2 + 2 5x - 5 = 0
On comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 3, b = 2 5 and c = - 5
Here, ac = - 15 and b = 2 5
So, p = - 5 and q = 3 5
\ 3x 2 + 2 5x - 5 = 0
Þ 3x 2 - 5x + 3 5x - 5 = 0
Þ x (3x - 5 ) + 5 (3x - 5 ) = 0
Þ (x + 5 ) (3x - 5 ) = 0
5
Þ x = - 5,
3
7. Given quadratic equation is
x 2 + 182 = 27 x
Þ x 2 - 27 x + 182 = 0
Þ x - (14 + 13)x + 182 = 0
2
Þ x 2 - 14x - 13x + 182 = 0
Þ x(x - 14) - 13(x - 14) = 0
Þ (x - 13)(x - 14) = 0 Þ x = 13, 14
8. Given that,
a2 b2 x 2 + b2x - a2 x - 1 = 0
Þ b2x (a2x + 1) - 1 (a2x + 1) = 0
Þ (b2x - 1) (a2x + 1) = 0
1 1
Þ x = 2,- 2
b a
9. Given, x 2 + 2cx + ab = 0
and x - 2 (a + b) x + a + b + 2c = 0
2 2 2 2
Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of Eqs. (i) and (ii),
respectively . Then,
D1 = (2c )2 - 4 ´ 1 ´ ab [Q D = b2 - 4ac ]
and D2 = { - 2 (a + b)} - 4 ´ 1 ´ (a + b2 + 2c 2 )
2 2
Þ D2 = 4(a2 + b2 + 2 ab) - 4(a2 + b2 + 2c 2 )
= 8 ab - 8 c 2 = -8 (c 2 - ab)
Since, the roots of Eq. (i) are real and unequal.
\ D1 > 0
Þ 4(c 2 - ab) > 0
Þ -8 (c 2 - ab) < 0 [Q A > 0 Þ - A < 0 ]
Þ D2 < 0
Hence, roots of Eq. (ii) are not real. Hence proved.
10. Given equation is 2 x 2 + px - 15 = 0
Since, x = - 5 is a root of the given equation, so it will
satisfy the equation.
On putting x = - 5 in the equation, we get
2 (- 5)2 + p (-5) - 15 = 0
Þ 50 - 5 p - 15 = 0
Þ - 5 p + 35 = 0
Þ p=7
Now, putting p = 7 in equation
p (x 2 + x ) + k = 0, we get
7 (x 2 + x ) + k = 0
Þ 7x 2 + 7x + k = 0
On comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 7, b = 7 and c = k
\ D = b2 - 4ac = 7 2 - 4 ´ 7 ´ k = 49 - 28k
Since, the roots are equal.
\ D=0
Þ 49 - 28k = 0
Þ 28k = 49
49 7
Þ k= =
28 4
11. Let breadth of rectangular park = x m
Then, length of rectangular park = (x + 3) m
Now, area of rectangular park = x(x + 3)
= (x 2 + 3x ) m2
[Q area = length ´ breadth]
Given, base of triangular park = Breadth of the
rectangular park
\ Base of triangular park = x m
and also it is given that altitude of triangular park
= 12 m
1
\ Area of triangular park = ´ x ´ 12 = 6x m 2
2
1
[Q area of triangle = ´ base ´ altitude]
2
According to the question,
…(i) Area of rectangular park = 4 + Area of triangular park
…(ii) ⇒ x 2 + 3x = 4 + 6x
⇒ x 2 + 3x - 6x - 4 = 0
⇒ x 2 - 3x - 4 = 0
Þ x - 4x + x - 4 = 0
2
[by factorisation]
Þ x(x - 4) + 1(x - 4) = 0
Þ (x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
Þ x - 4 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
Þ x = 4 or x = -1
Since, breadth cannot be negative, so neglect x = - 1.
\ x=4
Hence, breadth of the rectangular park = 4 m
and length of the rectangular park
= x + 3= 4+ 3=7m