Republic of the Philippines

North Easthern Mindanao State University

Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
8300 Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph
MODULE 2
The Life Journey of Dr. Jose Rizal

Introduction
Heroes, according to a popular saying, are not born; they are made. Rizal and his contemporaries are product of their time.
They are molded by their environment and situations which constitute the call of history. They simple responded to this call at the cost
of ignoring their personal welfare and proceeded to put the nation toward its historical path.
This module has been written to provide useful tool toward a better understanding of the life, times, ideas and ideals of Jose
Rizal. It contains a brief story of Rizal’s life and outline of his journey in the Philippines and abroad. It answers issues regarding his life
and his place in the pantheon of heroes.
It is hope that this module can help the Filipino students develop values that instill the mind of patriotism, discipline, courage
and perseverance whom Rizal called “the fair hope of the motherland”. They will understand the different elements that came
together to create their history and culture as a group of people.
Through this module, the young readers will also acquire the ability to understand and analyze the present issues, decisions
and events in the country. It will enable them to see the wider picture beyond the personal life of Jose Rizal and understand why he
chose the path of martyrdom.
This module were outlined in the units which are accompanied by different lessons designed for a three-day activity. For each
unit, there is a set of questions intended to give students an overview of the events. It also contains exercises intended to develop
positive values based on Rizal’s experiences.
Utmost care and other methods were used in order to preserve the materials for the young students to understand. In this kind
of learning module that deals with a very broad topic, it is inevitable that there will be some weaknesses and /or deficiencies. Even so,
this work is a product of collective responsibility for important contributions especially in helping our students gain positive knowledge,
which are invaluable for the youth of the country today.

Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the course, students should be able to
1. Point out important landmarks in the life of Jose Rizal.
2. Describe the characteristics of Jose Rizal.
3. Develop critical and analytical skills on the complex life events of Rizal.
4. Analyze the context and perspective of a hero.
5. Effectively communicate, using historical analysis of a particular event that could help others understand various issues in the past.
6. Propose recommendations/solutions to present-day problems based on their understanding of root causes and their anticipation of
future scenarios.
7. Display the ability to work in a team and contribute to a group project.
8. Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and preserving our country's national patrimony and cultural heritage.

UNIT 1. RIZAL’S FAMILY BACKGROUND

A. Birth
1. Date: June 19, 1861
2. Place: Calamba, Laguna

B. Parents
1. Father: Francisco Mercado
2. Mother: Teodoro Alonso y Realonda

C. Siblings
1. Saturnina
2. Narcisa
3. Olympia
4. Lucia
5. Maria
6. Concepcion
7. Josefa
8. Trinidad
9. Soledad
10. Paciano

Summary
Family is considered to be the foundation of social life for most Filipinos. The family of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal has an
important factor that influence his values and characteristic as a person. Rizal depict a good example of a son to his parents and a
brother to his siblings. His family was one of his inspiration in showing courage and fidelity to fight for freedom and equality in the
country.

UNIT II. RIZALS’ EDUCATION

A. Early Childhood
1. First teachers hired by his father:
a. Lucas Padua
b. Leon Monroy
2. His mother, Dona Teodora
a. Reader used: El Amigo de los Ninos (The Children’s Friend)
b. Prominent lesson learned as a young boy was from :The story of the moth”

B. Influences From Other Members of His Family

1. Uncle Gregorio, who taught him the value of hard work, to think for himself, and to observe his surroundings keenly.
2. Uncle Jose, who encouraged him to sketch, paint, and make sculptures.
3. Uncle Manuel, who encourage him to pursue his physical development. He taught the young boy swimming, fencing, wrestling, and
other sports.
4. His yaya (nanny) who told stories that awakened the imagination and creativity of the young boy. She told stories of duwendes
(dwarves), ghosts, and aswangs (evil spirits), of the beautiful Mariang Makiling and other tales on the beautiful surroundings of his
hometown, Calamba.

C. Artistic Endeavors
1. Poems written:
a. “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”
b. “Un Recuerdo de Mi Pueblo” (“A Memory of my Town”, a poem about Calamba)
2. He made sculptures out of mud.
3. He drew things surrounding their house like trees, flowers, birds, butterflies, and anything he saw around him. He used charcoal and
juices of leaves and flowers for colors.

D. Formal Education
1. Place: Binan, Laguna
a. Teacher: Justiniano Aquino Cruz
b. Process used in teaching: He was quick to discipline his students for any infraction using a short, thin stick.
2. Injustice to the Rizal Family
a. Dona Teodora was accused as an accomplice of Jose Alberto of trying to poison his wife.
b. Dona Teodora tried to mediate between the spouses but she was accused of trying to poison the wife.
c. Dona Teodora was thrown to jail.
3. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877)
a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an eleven-year-old.
b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J. inspired the young student.
b.1 Some poems written under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez:
- “The Tragedy of St. Eustace”
- In the Memory of My Town”
- “Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education”
- “Through Education Motherland Receives Enlightenment”
b.2 He had excellent achievements and graduated highest in his class.
b.3 Other activities while in Ateneo:
b.3.1 He studied painting under Agustin Saez.
b.3.2 He studied sculpture under Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus.
b.3.3 He carved the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary on a batikuling wood.
b.3.4 He carved the image of the Sacred Heart.
b.3.5 He joined the organization Marian Congregation. His mentor was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
b.3.6 He was a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature.
b.3.7 He was a member of the Academy of natural Sciences.
B.3.8 Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J. encouraged him to pay attention also to the sciences and philosophy.

4. As a student of the University of Santo Tomas:

a. He enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters; majored in Philosophy, 1877-1878
b. In S.Y 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo and took up a course on land surveying which was offered then as a vocational course.
b.1 He completed the surveyor’s course and was awarded the title perito agrimensor.
b.2 He passed the final examination for the course.
b.3 He could not practice the surveyor’s profession since he was still underaged when he passed the course.
b.4 He was issued his certificate on November 25, 1881, at the age of 20.

c. He pursued medicine at the University of Santo Tomas.

c.1 Some of his grades were still excellent but he also had lower grades.

d. He submitted an entry in the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila in 1879, entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
d.1 He won first prize in the contest.
d.2 He was awarded a silver quill.
d.3 For the first time, he used the phrase “the youth, the fair hope of my country” (kabataan, pag-asa ng aking bayan”)

e. In 1880, literary contest was held by Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila. Jose Rizal submitted an entry entitled El Consejo de los
Dioses (Council of the Gods).
e.1 This was held in commemoration of the 400th death anniversary of Miguel de Cervantes, Spain;s national poet.
e.2 This poem was in praise of Cervantes and made him coequal with Homer and Virgil.
e.3 He was awarded the grand prize.
e.4 The award was a gold ring with an engraved bust of Cervantes.

f. Other literary works:

f.1 “Junto al Pasig” - This one-act play was requested by the Jesuits on the feast day of the Immaculate Conception. This was a satire
showing the good elements and bad elements. In the end, it was a victory for the good elements.
f.2 “A Filipinas”

g. He decided to discontinue his studies in the Philippines and continue in Spain:

g.1 To widen his knowledge;
g.2 To avail of more conducive conditions in Europe; and
g.3 He wanted to learn a cure on the worsening eye condition of his mother.

Summary:
For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest seat of glory and to develop the people’s mentality. Since
education is the foundation of society and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed that only through education could the
country be saved from domination. The life of Rizal as a student, from his childhood to his college days has been an example of
excellence and determination. Rizal portray impressive talents, abilities and skills and has proved himself in different literary
competitions however these brought him into more profound realization about the true condition of his country and fellow Filipinos.

UNIT III: RIZAL JOURNEY’S ABROAD

I. First Trip to Europe

A. Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882.
1. He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother Paciano and his uncle, Antonio Rivera.
2. He decided not to seek his parents’ blessing knowing they would never approve of his plan.
3. He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno.
4. He first stopped in Singapore; Colombo in Sri Lanka; Aden in Yemen; and crossed the entire length of the Suez Canal. They landed
at Port Said, Egypt; Naples in Italy; and disembarked in Marseilles, France.

B. Activities in Marseilles
1. Jose Rizal went to Chateau d’If, the venue of Alexandre Dumas’s novel, The Count of Monte Cristo.
2. He boarded in Portbou. He noticed the indifference of the Spanish immigration officers compared to the courteous French
counterparts.
C. He arrived in Spain
1. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of the Spanish province, Cataluna. According to him, the people were indifferent and he
arrived during the summer vacation of the students.
a. In this city, he found out that the people of the city enjoyed freedom and liberalism.
b. He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog.
b.1 “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country)
b.2 “Los Viajes” (Travels)
b.3 “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid)
c. He met his classmates from Ateneo at the Plaza de Cataluna.

2. Madrid
a. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He enrolled in the following courses:
a.1 Medicine
a.2 Philosophy and Letters

b. He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos

b.1 Painting and Sculpture
b.2 Languages: French, German, and English

c. He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell

c.1 Shooting
c.2 Fencing

d. Important people he met:

d.1 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and self-determination. Students from South America hailed him as their champion. He
joined his students and other supporters to this end.
d.2 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal who used to live in the Philippines.

e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino

e.1 It was a social organization where the members talked on the reforms needed in the Philippines.
e.2 This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos who were the exiles of 1872.
e.3 It held informal programs which included poetry reading and debates.

f. He joined freemasonry
f.1 He became a member and his masonic name was “Dimasalang”
f.2 Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by the Catholic Church because its beliefs are contrary to the doctrines of the
Church.
f.3 A mason’s outlook in life and adapted their view that knowledge should be achieved by the light of reason and universal
brotherhood of men.
f.4 Masonry attacked the Church for what they believed its because they believed it promoted of religious superstition and
obscurantism, hiding truth behind the veil of religion.

g. He was an avid book collector. He scrimped on food and clothes and lived in modest accommodations but he bought books.
Important books collected:
1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
2. Works of Alexander Dumas
3. The Wandering Jew written by Eugene Sue
4. Lives of the Presidents of the United States
5. The Complete Works of Horace

h. Events on June 25, 1884

1. Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting Spoliarium while Felipe Resurreccion Hidalgo took the second place for his
painting Virgines Christianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Population)
2. The Filipino painters joined the National Exposition of Fine Arts
3. Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public audience saying that Luna an Hidalgo were the pride of the Filipino people; that genuis is not a
monopoly of any race and their prizes were products of both the Philippines and Spain. He voiced the hope that, someday, Spain will
grant the reforms needed by Filipinos.
4. This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal. This reached the Philippines and there were elements in the Philippines who
were not pleased with this development.

i. Completion of His Studies

1. He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 21, 1884. He did not have his Doctorate in Medicine because he did not present
the thesis required for graduation. He can practice medicine with the acquisition of this degree but he cannot teach medicine.
2. He finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters and obtained the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the rating of
sobresaliente.

j. He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he was still a student at the Central University of Madrid.
1. He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is about the trial and hardship of the
black slaves and awakened in him his inherent love and concern for the afflicted.
2. On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriates had a meeting at the house of the Paterno brothers. It was during this meeting that the
Filipinos who attended agreed to write a novel about the Philippines. These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo Paterno, Antonio Paterno,
Gracia Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente. Valentin Diaz, and Jose Rizal.
3. The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left to write the novel. He started writing in Madrid and he continued to write while he
was in France and Germany. Final revisions were made in Berlin.
4. He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend, Maximo Viola. He lent Jose 300 Php, the needed amount for the
first 2,000 copies of the novel.
5. On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin. The first recipients of the novel were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marino Ponce, and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
6. As a way of showing his appreciation, he gave the original manuscript of the Noli Me Tangere and a complimentary copy to Maximo
Viola.
7. Jose Rizal explained the title “Noli Me Tangere” means “Touch Me Not.” This was from the bible, from the Gospel of St. John.
8. The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his fatherland.

D. Paris, France
1. He arrived in Paris on November 1885.
2. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
3. He found time to be with his friends, Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
4. He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
5. Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion”

E. Germany
1. On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg. An old university town.
a. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker at the University Eye Hospital.
b. He listened to the lectures of Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne.
c. He wrote the poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg.”
d. He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld where he lived with protestant Pastor Karl Ulmer to perfect his ability to speak
German.
e. He started his cerrespondence with Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, the Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. He sent a book to Prof.
Blumentritt, Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar.

2. On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig.

a. He met Prof. Friedrich ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer who wrote a book on the Philippines.
b. He translated Schiller’s William Tell to Tagalog. The book narrates how the Swiss attained their independence in a peaceful manner.
c. He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Tagalog for his nephews and nieces.

3. On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden.

a. He saw the painting of Raphael, the Sistine Madonna.
b. At the Zoological, Anthropological and Ethnographic Museum, he saw the collection on the Philippines.

4. Berlin
a. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote Travels in the Philippines.
b. He met Dr. Rudolf and his son, Hans Virchow, two known German anthropologists; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a
known opthalmologist.

c. He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic Society.
c.1 His paper entitled Tagalische Verkunst was delivered before the members.
c.2 He was accepted and became a very respected member.
d. He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On March 29, 1887, the novel was finally printed.

5. He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus.

6. In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose Rizal parted ways. Viola returned to Spain while Rizal continued to Rome, Italy, then
Marseilles, France where he boarded Djemnah to Saigon and finally, Manila.

F. Jose Rizal Returned to Calamba.

1. He established a clinic and his first patient was his mother.
2. He successfully removed the double cataract on his mother’s eyes.
3. He worked as a town physician.
4. He was called to Malacanang by Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero due to the controversy raised by Noli Me Tangere. The first copies had
arrived in Manila.
5. Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch over Jose Rizal.
6. After a review of the Noli Me Tangere, it was found out that the book was heretic, impious, unpatriotic, subversive, and injurious to
the government of Spain in the Philippines. It was recommended that the importation, reproduction, and distribution of the book should
be prohibited.
7. Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave the country.
8. Investigation on the Calamba problem.
9. Before leaving the Philippines, he wrote the poem “Hymn to Labor”, to commemorate the elevation of Lipa, Batangas into a villa.

II. Second Leg of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe

A. He travelled through Asia.

1. In Hong Kong
a. He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who were exiled due to the secularization issue of 1872.
b. He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and theater, Chinese cultures and Chinese values.
c. He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.

2. He visited Japan
a. He stayed in Yokohama.
b. He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture, theaters, martial arts, and he visited shrines.
c. On the way to the United States, on board a ship, he met Tetcho Suehiro.
c.1 Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In this book, he described his travel from Japan to the U.S and his association with Jose
Rizal.
c.2 He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea. This is said to be similar to Rizal;s Noli Me Tangere.

B. In the United States of America

1. The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San Francisco on April 28, 1888. The reason given was because the boat came
from a land where cholera was rampant. In reality, it was because the boat carried several Chinese coolies and laborers who accepted
cheap labor, displacing the American laborers. This situation was resolved and the passengers were allowed to disembark safely.
2. He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Chicago, Albany, and New York City.
3. His comments on America:
a. The United States was a progressive and prosperous country.
b. There was lack of racial equality because there was racial prejudice against the blacks.
c. America was a land of fairness and justice but only for the whites.

C. He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. Immediately after his arrival, he left for London.
1. He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. He practiced law in London.
2. Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England. He was also an authority
on Malay languages and customs.
3. His objectives for choosing to live in London:
a. To do research on Philippine history; and
b. To analyze Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare Philippine history book available at the British Museum.

4. Works of Jose Rizal

a. Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February 1889) in Tagalog as requested by M.H. del Pilar. This letter was to honor the
young ladies of Malolos who, inspite of the opposition of the parish priest, requested Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler to give his permission
to this endeavor. He finaly consented to the opening of a night school for women.
b. Specimen of Tagal Folklore (published in the Asian Studies journal Trubner’s Record on May 1889). This article consisted of Filipino
proverbs and puzzles.
c. An article on two eastern fables which compared the Filipino fable “Monkey and Turtle” with the Japanese fable “Monkey and the
Crab.”
d. He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the La Solidaridad, a fortnightly periodical of the Propaganda.
d.1 When Marcelo H. del Pilar arrived in Barcelona, Spain, he took over as the editor.
d.2 He wrote articles for the periodical from 1889 to 1890.
d.3 He used the pen name “Laong Laan.”

5. Sculptural works:
a. Prometheus Bound
b. Triumph of Death over Life
c. Triumph of Science over Death

D. He transferred to Paris.
1. He continued his research on Philippine history at the Bibliotheque Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
2. He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He published his annotated version.
3. He studied the French language.
4. He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students of the French language may use as a textbook or workbook.
5. He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos. These social clubs which aimed to prove that the Filipinos could excel
intellectually and physically.
6. He published Por Telefono. This answered Fr. Salvation Font, a Spanish friar who attacked the Noli Me Tangere.

E. His Activities in Brussels

1. He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second novel.
2. He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad.
a. “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth for All People”
b. “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
c. “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
d. “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos” or “The Philippines A Century Hence”
e. “Sin Nombre” or “Without Name”
f. “Sobre La Nueva”
g. “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos”
3. Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money was very scarce and it was financed by Valentin Ventura.
4. He received the news that the members of his family were deported to different places. They also lost the agrarian case in Calamba.
5. Publication of El Filibusterismo

F. The Decision to Transfer to Madrid

1. The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme Court in Madrid. Rizal wanted to pay attention to the case. The Calamba residents
were forced to leave the town, their houses were burned and more people were exiled, including the entire Rizal family.
2. He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” (“To My Muse”)
3. Rivalry between Jose Rizal and M.H. del Pilar

a. Another group of Filipinos was being formed in Madrid. This was composed of disgruntled students who viewed that the members of
Circulo Hispano Filipino were more inclined to accomodation, moderation, and politeness toward the Spaniards than actually fighting
for reforms in the Philippines.

b. Another organization was formed. This was the Asosacion Hispano Filipino. It was headed by Dr. Miguel Morayta, a Spanish
professor and a Mason Grandmaster. In a meeting to decide where the direction of the Propaganda was going, the group started with
an election of the leader. There were 90 Filipino members. An election was held and it was a contest between Jose Rizal and M.H del
Pilar. For two canvassings, del Pilar lead the votes but there was no majority. Finally, on the third attempt, Jose Rizal won but Jose
chose to leave than divide the Filipinos in Madrid.

4. Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to the Philippines but he compromised that Jose can return to the East, near
enough for his parents and relatives to visit him but he cannot be disturbed by the Spaniards. He left for Hong Kong.

G. His Prodcutive Life in Hong Kong

1. Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
2. With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided to leave the political life in Europe and concentrate on his endeavors.
3. He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and this was granted.
4. He had a reunion with his siblings and his parents. He supported them in Hong Kong.
5. His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his practice in Hong Kong.
6. He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for displaced Calamba farmers.
7. Writings
a. He translated The Rights of Man written in French to Tagalog, Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao.
8. Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of a organized group of Filipinos toward the attainment of the liberty of the people of the
Philippines.
a. Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization called La Liga Filipina.
9. Return to the Philippines
a. He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the fate of his North Borneo project since the governor general remained
silent on Jose Rizal’s petition.
b. Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and returned to Manila.

UNIT IV: RIZAL’S LAST DAYS

H. The End Part of His Life

1. On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano,
and other patriots. They met in Ilaya Street and formed the La Liga Filipina (The Filipino League).
2. He took a train in Tutuban and visited Malolos, Bulacan; San fernando, Pampanga; Tarlac; and Bacoor, Pampanga.
3. Handbills were found in Lucia’s pillows entitled Pobres Frailes. Jose Rizal was ordered arrested by Despujol.
4. He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.

a. The prisoner was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carcinero, the political military governor of Dapitan, an isolated Spanish outpost in
northern Mindanao.
b. One of the passenger was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
c. He won in a lottery with Captain Carnicero and Francisco Equilor. He bought land in Talisay. He constructed his house, a clinic, and
a school.
d. He continued to correspond and sent various species of plants, animals, and insects to other European scientists.
e. Animals species named after Jose Rizal:
- “Rhacophurus rizali, a frog”
- “Apogonia rizali, a beetle”
f. He constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao at the town plaza with the help of Fr. Sanchez.
g. He helped in the livelihood of the people.
- He modeled an invention on a Belgian example of making bricks.
- He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure they have an income from buying and selling abaca and its products.
h. Poems written while he was in Dapitan:
- “El Canto del Viajero”
- “A Ricardo Carnicero”
i. He did an operation on his mother’s eyes.
j. He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan so he could prescribe these to his patients.
k. Mr. George Tauffer was brought to him in Dapitan with Josephine Bracken.
l. Revolution broke out in Manila in 1896. Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan with a blind man, Raymundo Mata. Dr. Valenzuela
imparted to Jose Rizal the intents of the revolution.
m. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world events. He suggested that Riza volunteer his services to the Spanish
government and join forces as a doctor in Cuba as a means to end his exile.
n.
o. Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanc granted Jose Rizal’s request. On July 30, 1896, he was granted a safe conduct pass. Rizal returned to
Manila on board the steamer Espana.
I. His Last Trip to Europe
1. While on board the steamer Espana, awaiting another ship that will transport him to Spain and eventually to Cuba, Philippine
Revolution broke out.
2. He was transferred to another ship and left for Spain.
3. He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea. He was imprisoned in Barcelona, Spain and was immediately deported back
to Manila.
4. In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was tried on the charges of sedition, rebellion, and illegal association.
5. He was found guilty and was sentenced to death through a firing squad on December 30, 1896.