FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

ALCOHOLICS & DRUG These are persons who subject themselves to an

ADDICTS intense artificial stimulants such as alcohol or
narcotics and are most prone to commit crimes
ALLAN PINKERTON America’s most famous private investigator. He
was the founder of American criminal
investigation system.
ANALYSIS It is the study of an unknown evidence or item
found in the crime scene to determine its
essential characteristics
ANXIETY APPROACH Using this strategy would create an emotional
confusion on the part of the subject which will
disturb & distract him and in turn would
hamper his ability to answer untruthfully.
BAG CLIPPER These are those who cut the strap by which the
bag is suspended, removes its contents and
throw it away.
BAG OPENER This refers to those who surreptitiously open
the bag suspended from a person's arm and gets
its contents particularly the wallet, cell phone
and other valuable items
CADAVERIC SPASM This is the instantaneous rigidity of a group of
muscles at the time of death due to extreme
nervous tension, exhaustion or injury to the
nervous system. It is frequently common with
violent deaths.
CASING THE JOB The stage where the robber before executing the
robbery, conducts a reconnaissance to study
their target.
CHAIN OF CUSTODY This pertains to the number of persons who
handles physical evidence from the time of its
collection from the crime scene up to the
disposition of the case.
CHECK KITTING It is a method of operation in which several
checking accounts based on non- existent funds
are opened into attempt to withdraw funds.
CHOPPING METHOD The chop job is crude but effective. The
operator simply turns the safe upside down so
that the bottom is exposed.
CLOSE TAIL It is also known as tight tail, this refers to the
method employed when the subject is moving
but is kept on constant view. This is conducted
 with more precaution than any other kind of
tailing and constant surveillance is needed so as
not to lose the subject.
COMPARISON The process of examining how the
characteristics of the evidence gathered
compared with established properties of known
items
COMPASS DIRECTION This refers to a standard arrow designating the
north to facilitate proper sketch orientation
CORPUS DELICTI This refers to facts which prove the body of the
crime. This would establish that a crime was
committed.
CRIME LAB It is where the techniques and principles of
natural and physical sciences are applied and
protected to the analysis of crime scene
evidence.
CRIME SCENE Refers to the use of physical evidence,
RECONSTRUCTION scientific method, deductive reasoning and their
interrelationship to acquire definite & clear
knowledge of the series of events and
circumstances that surrounds d commission of d
crime.
CRIMINALS’ BAD LUCK These are unconscious or sublime act aiming at
self-betrayal also known as
"VEBRECHERPECH"
DEGREE OF
DECOMPOSITION OF THE It is the rate of decay of dead bodies n tropical
BODY climate
DESCRIPTION It is a narration of the subject matter of issues
which depicts the size, colour, design, quality,
character, location and shape of thing to b
described.
DETAILED SEARCH It is the search for physical evidence which is
done using the accepted methods of search
depending upon the actual location to be
searched.
DOUBLE CROSSER It gives information to the investigators in the
INFORMANTS attempt to gather for himself the facts related to
the case.
EUGENE 'FRANÇOIS' A former convict who became a paris
VIDOCG investigator who introduced the "Trade
Protection Policy" which became the forerunner
of the credit card system.
 FALSE IN4MANTS This refers to those persons who give
information which are concocted out of thin air.
They give facts which are fictitious w the
attempt to divert police efforts of investigation
from himself or any of his associates.
FEAR Suffering under apprehension of anger and has
become suspicious of associates and the
criminal enterprise, this is a motive of
informants who worry of their own safety and
that of their family.
FINAL SURVEY It is a final review of the crime scene to
determine whether or not the processing has
been completed. Usually undertaken by the
team leader of the SOCO unit.
FINISHED SKETCH This is the draft of the crime scene made for
courtroom presentation where proper scale &
proportion should be detailed.
FLOOR SEARCH The subject is in prone position; face down
touching the ground, with arms extended over
head. The investigator crouches at the side of
the subject at the region of the waist of the
subject.
FOOTPRINT Vestigium
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPH In this method the investigator shows variety of
METHOD facial types that may not necessarily/directly
represent the face of the criminal. The
photograph shown to the witness only
represents different features of the face.
HANS GROSS One of the proponents of the modern day
criminal investigation said that the basis and
goal of any form of investigation is to search or
discover the truth and that the truth is the
fundamental requirement in giving justice.
HANS GROSS He coined the term “Criminalistics”.
HENRY FIELDING He wrote the novel "Tom Jones" and “Bow
Street Runners”
INDIVIDUALIZATION This refers to the uniqueness of some item of
evidence made possible by d fact that no two
items occurring in nature are exactly the same.
INFORMANTS It is also known as assets, stool pigeons and
they are referred to as someone who provides
information to police investigators.
INFORMATION The most important tool in investigation
 INTENT It refers to the particular means to affect a
result. This must be proven. It is always
presumed from the commission of the unlawful
act. It assumes the exercise of freedom and the
use of intelligence.
INTER-COUNTRY
ADOPTION LAW RA 8043
INTERROGATION It is a skilful and thorough questioning of a
reluctant person who may be a suspect in a
particular crime.
INTERVIEW It refers to the questioning of a cooperative
subject, usually witnesses to a crime.
JONATHAN WILD The act of employing a thief to catch a thief.
KATE WAYNE The first woman detective hired by the
Pinkerton agency
KNOWN CRIMINALS This refers to persons with criminal record and
whose identity and profile are available from
the police file or database.
LEGEND The explanation of symbols used to identify
objects in a sketch
LOOSE TAIL The method employed when subject is moving
and is not constantly kept within view. It is a
type of shadowing wherein the habit, general
impression and associates of the target must be
ascertained.
MAIL-ORDER BRIDES
LEGISLATION RA 6955
MAPP VS. OHIO This case is established the doctrine of
poisonous tree.
MERCENARY INFORMANT This refers to those informants who give
information for valuable consideration.
MIGRANT WORKERS AND
OVERSEAS FILIPINO ACT RA 8042
MODUS OPERANDI This refers to the characteristic or distinct way a
criminal commits a specific type of crime. It
was devised by Maj. Gen. Lewely Atcherly and
it operates under the theory "that it is human
nature that personal habits and mannerism do
not change easily but remains with the
individual for year"
MOTIVE It refers to the reason that induces a person to
commit a crime. It is the moving power which
compels one to act for a specific and definite
 result. It is regarded as an essential element of a
cime.
NARRATIVE TYPE It is a kind of interrogation which is utilized for
subjects who are willing to talk and cooperate
with the investigators.
OPPORTUNITY It is the physical possibility that allows a
criminal to commit an act.
ORDINARY INFORMANT These are people who furnish police officers
their communicated knowledge on matters and
are directly and indirectly involved with
criminals. Their identity and the crimes that
they commit usually of the anonymous type, in
dealing with such persons it is a must for the
investigator not to reveal facts which are
already at the disposal of the police.
PANTS POCKET WORKER These are thieves who extract wallet from a
man's pocket without the knowledge of the
victim.
PATRICK COLQUHOUN A prominent London resident proposed the
unique idea of creating a sizable uniformed
force to police the city of London in order to
remedy the public outcry concerning the
alarming increase in criminality during the
early 1800s.
PEPOL VS. GALIT The right to counsel maybe waived, but the
waiver to be valid must be made with assistance
of a counsel.
PHILIPPINE PASSPORT
ACT OF 1996 RA 8239
POLICE RESTRAINT It is a means employed by the investigators to
temporarily deprive liberty of a person by
taking him into custody.
PRELIMINARY SEARCHES This is ordinarily made at the time and scene of
OF PERSON an arrest. Its primary purpose is to discover
concealed weapons and seizure of incriminating
evidence which might be destroyed.
PUNCH JOB In doing this, the dial is first knocked off the
safe with hammer. The punch is then held
against spindle of the safe and hit sharply with a
mallet or hammer.
Q & A TYPE It is a kind of interrogation in which questions
are asked and the subject supplies answer. This
would entail knowledge of the investigator
 regarding d crime committed.
RAID A surprise invasion of a building area. It is an
attack on small scale of a limited territory.
RAPE VICTIM ASSISTANCE
AND PROTECTION ACT OF
1988 RA 8505
REMUNERATION It is a moving cause for a person to reveal
information 2to authorities in exchange for a
reward or money.
RIP-JOB It refers to the greatest number of safe breaker
employed with the rip technique. The required
tools include an electric drill & crowbar.
ROPING It is also known as undercover assignment, it is
a method of investigation in which the
investigator assumes different and unofficial
identity to locate criminals and obtain
information.
ROUGH SHADOWING This is conducted with less special caution
since the subject or target knows that he is
being followed by the police for his protection.
ROUGH SKETCH It is prepared for indicating the actual
measurement of things with scale and
proportion observed and oriented to the north
pole. All necessary information are placed in
the sketch.
SCOTLAND YARD 1833 They employed the first undercover officer.
SEARCH OF A PERSON. It is conducted to discover weapons or
evidences to determine identity.
SHADOWING It is also called as tailing.
SKETCH It refers to the simplest but most effective way
of showing actual measurement and of
identifying significant physical evidences in
their location at the crime scene.
SPECIFIC EVENT It is a type of reconstruction to deduce the
RECONSTRUCTION consequence, direction, condition, relation &
identity.
SPECIFIC INCIDENT It is used to detail what transpired in a
RECONSTRUCTION homicide, traffic accident & bombing cases.
SPLIT-PAIR METHOD It is also known as bluff method and is utilized
when there are two or more culprits and stating
to the subject that the others have already
confessed and directly linked him/her with the
commission of the crime.
 STAINS THE SUBJECT’S
SKIN Tracer preparations
SURVEILLANCE It is the disguised observation of places,
persons and vehicles for the purpose of
obtaining information which concerns the
identities or d activities of the subject.
SYMPATHETIC APPROACH It is also known as emotional appeal, it is a
technique wherein the investigator acts as a
psychologist who would listen to the problem,
provide counselling and create in the mind of
the subject that the police are willing to help
and understands the situation which lead to the
commission of the crime. This would in turn
develop trust and confidence of the subject to
the investigator and would aide in obtaining a
confession.
TEXAS RANGERS The first LEA with state-wide investigative
authority the forerunner of FBI.
THE COMMERCE ACT OF
2000 RA 8792
THE FIRST BANK HOLD-
UP. CLAY COUNTRY
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION
FIRST VICTIM. Jesse James gang
THERMAL BOMBS It is found exceedingly difficult to control. The
main body of the bomb consisted of powdered
aluminum & titanium oxide.
TRACING EVIDENCE This refers to physical evidences which assist
police investigators to locate the suspect
UNKNOWN CRIMINAL It refers to those criminals whose description &
identity are provided by witnesses.
VERBAL DESCRIPTION It refers to the method of identification of
criminals by description of persons who has
perceived or witnessed the commission of the
crime.
VOLUNTARY INFORMANTS These are persons who give information to shed
light to a particular case. It is also referred to as
legitimate informants. They usually refer to
operators of known businesses who do not want
their establishments associated with criminal
elements.
WEEKS VS. USA. .. Exclusionary rule
WHEELMAN He undertakes the problems regarding
transportation to and from the scene of the
bank. He usually steals a car & provides
another license plate on it.