21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and

the World
Quarter 1 – Module
GRADE -11
SHS
English – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mae Christine S. Diana, Norelyn H. Data, Anna Ruth G. Tamundong, Amalia V.
Manlapao, Jesucito Jupia, Razielle Cecilia Felicitas T. Fajardo, Pemi A. Lloce, Ormon A.
Andes

Editor: Mae Christine S. Diana

Reviewers: Mae Christine S. Diana
Illustrator: Mycah Bongabong

Layout Artist: Mae Christine S. Diana

Management Team: Dr. Annabelle H. Nava

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 SHS
21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the
World
Quarter 1 – Module
GRADE -11

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

1
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM): 21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the World!
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st-century skills while considering their needs and circumstances.

To the parents:
As parents, you play a vital role in educating your child's life; hence, you may also help
provide the support and stimuli that your child needs to make sense of the world. Since we are
currently facing the coronavirus pandemic, now is the perfect time for you to make your home a
school and act as a teacher to your child.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents
of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The module is based on the following Most Essential Learning Competency Skills:
• Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and adapting these
require from the learner the ability to identify:
a. the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from pre-colonial to the contemporary
b. representative texts and authors from each region (e.g., engage in oral
history research with a focus on key personalities from the students'
region/province/town
• Compare and contrast the Various 21st Century Literary Genres (EN12Lit-ld-25)
• Discuss how different contexts enhance the text's meaning and enrich the reader's
understanding
• Produce a creative representation of a literary text by applying multimedia
• Do a self–assessment of the creative adaptation of literary text based on rationalized
criteria before the presentation (ENLit-11 Ii-31.3)
The module is divided into eight lessons:
• Lesson 1 – Close analysis and critical interpretation of Literature
• Lesson 2 – Critical interpretation of Philippine Literature
2
 • Lesson 3 – Literary Forms and Genres of Literature
• Lesson 4 – Various 21st-Century Literary Genres of Philippine Literature
• Lesson 5 – Contextual Interpretation and Reading Approaches
• Lesson 6 – Contextual Interpretation to assess Philippine Literature
• Lesson 7 – Using Multimedia and ICT Skills to Adapt Literary Pieces
• Lesson 8 – Adapted Literary Outputs: Self and Peer Assessment

In this module, you are expected to:

• define literary analysis.
• distinguish the elements and procedures involved in conducting a close reading
and critical interpretation of a literary piece.
• create a critical analysis of a Philippine written text.
• identify literary genres from the past and their characteristics.
• determine the twenty-first-century literary genres and forms.
• juxtapose the numerous literary genres of the twenty-first century with those of
the past.
• differentiate the different contextual ways one may evaluate a literary text.
• analyze literary texts of various contexts using different contextual strategies.
• determine and employ an appropriate multimedia format in interpreting the
literary text.
• apply ICT skills in crafting an adaptation of a literary text.
• differentiate self-assessment and peer-assessment.
• use proper assessment in literary texts translated into a multimedia format
using ICT skills.

3
 Lesson Close analysis and Critical
1 Interpretation of Literature

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

When you are interpreting a literary work, you are filling in the gaps in the story
a little more. You delve further into the environment, characters, and narrative
while also considering the author's style and language. In this session, we will look
at the processes involved in doing a fundamental literature analysis.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
• define literary analysis.
• distinguish the elements and procedures involved in conducting a close
reading and critical interpretation of a literary piece.

WHAT IS IT

In writing close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts or any

specific text, you need to strengthen your discussion if you offer specific passages
from the text as evidence. In other words, we can all read the same story or poem
(or watch the same movie or listen to the same song) and come up with different, even conflicting,
interpretations about what the piece means. Indeed, the mighty works of Literature invoke multiple
readings.

WHAT'S MORE

A literary critical analysis employs interpretations to understand a piece of

fiction, poetry, or theater. The objective of a literary analysis (like any other kind of
analysis) is to extend and deepen your comprehension of a piece of Literature. Close reading and
critical interpretation of literary texts necessitate two phases in writing: critical reading and critical
writing.
While Close Critical reading is a literary analysis technique that focuses on the elements of a
passage of text to uncover hidden meaning, the reader's understanding of the passage or text is
formed from the careful reading. It tends to operate on the assumption that no details appear in a
text by "accident." Because unconscious layers of meaning or even biases can be sublimated into
literary works, the author's conscious intentions in writing are often irrelevant. Whether an author
develops a specific meaning in work deliberately or unconsciously, if details exist supporting that
interpretation, it is legitimate.
After reading the work the first time, ask yourself the following questions:
1. What is the geographical, historical, and social setting? How do these affect the literary text?
2. Who is (are) the main character(s)? Who are the secondary characters, and how are they related to
the main character/s?
3. Does the main character change? If so, how and why? If not, why not?
4. What is the conflict? How does the resolution develop?
4
 5. Who is the narrator/persona? How does he/she affect the story/poem?
6. In poetry, what is the pattern of rhyme and meter?
7. Do you notice any figurative language? What are those? What imagery have you perceived? How do
these literary devices affect the passage? (e.g., do they add emphasis or connect key ideas?)
8. What words are being used here? Are there any words being repeated? Are any two (or more) words
used in this passage connected in some way?
9. Is the speaker straightforward, factual, or open? Is he or she taking a less direct route toward his or
her meaning? Does the voice state any emotion?
Now that you can discern the concept of doing close reading and critical analysis answer the activity
below.
Arrange the letters in parenthesis toform the word that will complete the following sentences.
1. refers to the person who wrote the text or piece. (HOTRAU)
2. is a detailed examination of anything complex to understand its nature or to
determine its essential features. (SANYASIL)
3. is an individual response that addresses meaning (PETNERTARTINO).
4. is the concern in writing, study, or content of Literature, especially of the kind
valued forquality of form. (RALITEYR)
5. is analyzed at different levels. This is the piece written by the writer. (XTET)

WHAT I CAN DO
Task 1. Read the following statements about possible steps in writing a close and
critical interpretation of the literary text and arrange them by putting letters (A-J).
________1. Draft a context for the passage without offering too much summary.
________2. Organize ideas, like setting, characters, and plot for short stories or imageries for the poem.
________3. Read or reread the text with specific questions in mind.
________4. Think through your personal reaction to the literary piece.
________5. Propose a thesis or topic sentence implying observation or assertion of literary piece.
________6. Discuss what happens in the literary piece and why it is important to the work as a
whole.
________7. Identify and consider most important ideas.
________8. Return to the text to locate specific evidence and passages related to the major ideas.
________9. Cite the passage (using correct format).
_______10. Repeat the process of context, quotation, and analysis with additional support for your
thesis or topic sentence.
Task 2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to summarize your learning from this lesson.
parts, close, author, meaning, analyzing, impression, critical
Literary analysis involves examining all the1. ________ of a novel, play, short story, or poem—elements
such as character, setting, tone, and imagery—and thinking about how the 2. _________uses those
elements to create certain effects. To begin to find the 3. _________of the text, you must first start to
analyze it.4. _________begins before you start to read. You should spend time asking yourself what you
already know about the author, looking through any introductory notes, and then skimming the material for
the first 5. ________.

5
Lesson Critical interpretation of Philippine
2 Literature

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

In interpreting a literary work, you are filling in the story's gaps a little bit more.
You dive deeper into the setting, characters, and story, as well as the author's manner
and language. We will look at the steps involved in doing a basic literature review in this session.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

• define literary analysis.
• distinguish the elements and procedures involved in conducting a close
reading and critical interpretation of a literary piece.

WHAT IS IT
When you use sections from the text as proof in your close study and critical
interpretation of literary texts or any other text, your argument will be strengthened. To
put it another way, we may all read the same tale or poetry (or watch the same movie
or listen to the same song) and come up with various, often contradictory,
interpretations of what the piece means. The great works of Literature, after all, demand many
readings.

WHAT'S MORE
An interpretation is an individual response that addresses meaning. An in-
depth examination of a text develops them. An interpretation often will be the thesis
of your paper.

Guidelines for Writing a Literary Critical Interpretation

• Avoid introducing your ideas by stating, "I think" or "in my opinion."
• Always introduce the work.
• Other questions to consider:
o Is there a controversy surrounding either the passage or the subject which it concerns?
o What about the subject matter is of current interest?
o What is the overall value of the passage?
o What are its strengths and weaknesses?
• Support your thesis with detailed evidence from the text examined. Do not forget to document quotes and
paraphrases.
• Remember that the purpose of a critical analysis is not merely to inform but also to evaluate the worth, utility,
excellence, distinction, truth, validity, beauty, or goodness of something.
• Even though you set the standards as a writer, you should be open-minded, well-informed, and fair.
• You can express your opinions, but you should also back them up with evidence.
• The review should provide information, interpretation, and evaluation.
6
 Now that you can discern the concept of doing close reading and critical analysis answer the activity
below.
Analyze the following sentences and express whether you agree or not. Put a check in the column
of your response.

AGREE DISAGREE
1.One step in analyzing literary text you only read once.
2. In doing a close writing analysis, it is necessary to read or reread the text
with specific questions in mind.
3. A literary analysis essay is a type of essay, which includes an
argumentative analysis of a piece of Literature.
4. Various foreign occupations in the Philippines did not affect and influence
the features and themes of its Literature.
5. Making a literary analysis outline is an integral part of the writing process.

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1 Apply your perception about literary critical analysis. Read the short passage story
entitled "Footnote to Youth" by Jose Garcia Villa. Answer the chart and write a 15-20
sentence literary analysis. You may use another sheet if necessary.

7
 Setting/
Exposition

Climax Falling
Rising Action Resolution/
Action
Denoument

Characters

Theme

8
Task 2. Apply your perception about literary critical analysis. Read the short passage story entitled.
"Footnote to Youth" by Jose Garcia Villa. Write a 20-25 sentence literary analysis. You may use another
sheet if necessary.

9
Lesson Literary Forms and Genres of
3 Literature

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

It is essential to follow the evolution of Literature at pivotal eras in our history
that shaped our national identities. The selections are representative of the various
types of literary genres – prose and poetry. In this lesson, you will have a glimpse of the Philippines'
rich and unique literary heritage.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
• identify literary genres from the past and their characteristics.
• Determine the twenty-first-century literary genres and forms.
WHAT IS IT
Literature is a type of content that is used to communicate or express a message. It
can take the shape of prose or poetry, depending on the creator's preference.
A literary genre, on the other hand, is a type or classification of literary works.
Poetry, drama, and prose are three subgenres of the literary genre. Prose and poetry
are the two primary categories of Literature.

WHAT'S MORE

POETRY evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a

specific emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning,
sound, and rhythm. At the same time, PROSE is any writing that does not have a metrical structure and
rhythmical pattern like poetry. It is composed of sentences and paragraphs instead of lines and
stanzas.

10
Source: http://www.answers.com/Q/General_types_of_philippine_lierature

Try to complete the exercise below now that you have learned about literary forms and genres.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is FALSE, change the word that make it
false. Write your answer on the line provided before each number.
____________1. Epics are stories popular in the country which highlights the assumed origin of a thing.
____________2. Through language chosen and organized for its meaning, tone, and rhythm, poetry
generates a concentrated imaginative awareness of reality or a specific emotional reaction.
____________3. Short stories should be read in one sitting and should strive for unity and effect.
____________4. A literary genre is a disorganization of literary works.
____________5. A novel is longer and more complex than a short story.

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Read and analyze the following statements, box the letter of the best answer.

1. It is the new literary work created within the last decade, which deals with current themes and
reflects technological culture.
A. Scientific Literature C. 21st Century Literature
B. Contemporary Literature D. Review of Related Literature
2. This form of Literature is known to have free flow of sentences arranged in paragraphs.
A. Prose B. Poetry C. Drama D. Play
3. It addresses issues of modern womanhood often humorously and light-heartedly.
A. WattPad Lit B. Chick Lit C. Pink Lit D. Children's Lit
4. Most stories fall into this genre, which means that the text is made-up or a product of theimagination.
A. Fiction B. Non-Fiction C. Genre Fiction D. Digi-Fiction
5. A story that involves a detective or puzzle or scenario that needs to be solved.
A. Mystery B. Crime C. Fantasy D. Romance
6. Stories about significant human encounters which are intended to be performed onstage.
A. film B. drama C. prose D. poetry
7. These are stories with aliens, advanced technology, or futuristic weaponry.
A. Historical Fiction C. Realistic Fiction
B. Literary Fiction D. Science Fiction
8. A true story about a real person's life and it is written by someone else.
A. Autobiography B. Journal C. Biography D. Blog
9. This type of writing often uses rhyme and rhythm to convey a message.
A. Drama B. Prose C. Play D. Poetry
10. When someone writes their own life story, it falls into this genre:
A.Historical Fiction B. Realistic Fiction C. Biography D. Autobiography

11
Task 2. Make a chart with the concepts you have learned from the lesson and the information you may
gather through one's research about Literature. You may make some alterations with chart. Use another
sheet of paper for your answer if necessary.

LITERATURE

12
 Lesson Various 21st Century Literary
Forms and Genres of
4 Philippine Literature

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

New literary work generated in the recent decade is referred to as 21st Century
Literature. It is written by modern authors and reflects a technology society. It may
deal with current themes/issues. It frequently defies established literary conventions.
This section of the curriculum will teach you about contemporary literary genres employed by writers
in the twenty-first century.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
• determine the twenty-first century literary genres and forms.
• juxtapose the numerous literary genres of the twenty-first century with those of
the past.

WHAT IS IT
Anything produced and published in the 2000s is considered 21st century
literature. The traditional literary genres have been rediscovered by you It is a little
early to provide a definitive and detailed assessment of 21st-century Literature in the
Philippines and throughout the world. However, modern writing may be viewed as a reaction to and
conversation with current forms of expressive culture. As we get increasingly engrossed in
technology, we develop and discover new kinds of expressive culture.

WHAT'S MORE
The term "21st century literature" refers to Literature created in the twenty-first
century across the world. For the purposes of this article, the measure of years is
Literature published from (approximately) 2001 to the present. Literature in the
twenty-first century is still being created. Nonetheless, Literature from the twenty-first
century is essential because it may help us better comprehend our current reality and the major
issues that are being debated right now.
Genres of 21st Century Literature
1. Poetry
➢ Hyperpoetry- this genre is also called cyberpoetry as well as other names, has many
definitions and, like hyperfiction, is difficult to categorize.
➢ Textula-mobile phone poetry, using short traditional formal like tanaga which has a 7777
syllable count with rhyme scheme aabb,abab,abba
➢ Holopoetry refers to 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUAL ART that combines words with images using
HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE.
13
 ➢ PHOTO POEM – This uses real-life images or electronically generated images as
representation of the textual poem.
2. Prose
➢ Digi-fiction-is a literacy experience that combines three media: book/movie, video, and
internet website.
➢ Flash fiction- fictional literature or fiction of extreme brevity. Sometimes called "six-word"
short stories. It could be stories of 1,000 words or less.
➢ Fan Fiction or fanfic-is an emerging literary genre that is popular on social media,
especially for people who follow television shows and movies. Its name from its creators, the
fans.
➢ Metafiction- is a "fiction about a fiction," the author, the narrator, or the main character
directly speaks to the reader. The reader also plays a part in the story.
➢ Slipstream- the fiction of strangeness," or a non-realistic fiction that crosses science fiction
and fantasy or mainstream literary fiction.
➢ Doodle Fiction- is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing and
drawings, and handwritten graphics in place of traditional font.
➢ Blogs- stories told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges.
➢ Chick/Chic lit- addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and light-
heartedly.
❖ Graphic Literature, also called sequential storytelling, is Literature in the form of comics.
The term "graphic literature" has come to encompass not just works of fiction but
also autobiographical narratives, nonfiction, and even poetry.
❖ Japanese manga is an example of graphic Literature that has many followers
❖ Illustrated/Graphic novels are narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader
using comic form, encompassing non-fiction works and thematically linked short stories as
well as fictional stories across several genres.
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/386237500/21st-Century-Literary-Genres
st
Now that you know all about 21 century literature genre, try to answer the activity below.
Write IKR (I KNOW RIGHT) if the statement is TRUE and if the statement is FALSE, write IDK
(I DO NOT KNOW).

1. Metafiction is a “nonfiction about a fiction.” ___________

2. Flash fiction is the collective term for stories or narratives that have almost 1,000 words or more.
___________
3. The fan fiction genre got its name from its creators, the fans. ____________
4. Digi- Fiction are narrative work which stories are expressed using comic form. ___________
5. Textula or mobile phone poetry, using short traditional formal like tanaga. ___________

WHAT I CAN DO
Task 1. Read and analyze the following statements, write the letter of the
best answer.

1. A fictional narrative generally focusing on one climactic event and usually developing only a
single character in depth.
A. Novel B. Epic C. Short Story D. Essay
2. These are stories combined through text and embellished images.
A. Graphic Novels B. Digital Novels C. Illustrated Novels D. Text-Talk Novels
3. It is a literary composition intended to amuse the viewing crowd.
A. Tragedy B. Play C. Tragicomedy D. Comedy

14
 4. It is a literary "super genre," which encompasses several different genres of fiction that are based
on conjecture and do not exist in the real world
A. Science Fiction B. Popular Fiction C. Realistic Fiction D. Speculative Fiction
5. It depicts and talks about life and all its miseries and glories.
A. Stories B. Parables C. Letters D. Literature
6. This involves the triple media literature: book, movie or video, and internet or website.
A. Speculative Fiction B. Doodle Fiction C. Digital Fiction D. Flash Fiction
7. It is considered as an artistic and storytelling style for comic books and graphic novels originated
from Japan.
A. Manga B. Haiku C. Kanji D. Textula
8. It is a mobile phone poetry, which uses short traditional formal verses like tanaga.
A. Holopoetry B. Textula C. Hyper Poetry. D. Haiku
9. This type of writing often uses rhyme and rhythm to convey a message.
A. Drama B. Prose C. Play D. Poetry
10. When someone writes their own life story, it falls into this genre:
A. Historical Fiction B. Realistic Fiction C. Biography D. Autobiography

Task 2. Examine the constructs below then organize them using a Venn Diagram, to show the
similarities and differences among prose, poetry, and new emerging forms of Literature or 21st century
literature form
use of creative language, source of learning, iregular, measured and controlled
,free flow of sentences, sentences and paragraphs resemble to everyday speech
trendier than before, non-linear, animated, the target market of novels are teenagers,
captures the glimpse of humanity, used ingenious modes of
expression, electronic form, used to reveal inner thoughts and feelings
aesthetic quality, didactic, lines and stanza, use of limited words, patterns,
unmeasured,conservative, figurative language, not visually appealing,
classic, foundational more liberated than before,,manifestation of imaginative
thinking

Traditional 21st Century

Literary Genre Literary Genre
and Forms and Forms

15
 Lesson Contextual Interpretation and
5 Reading Approaches

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

When writers produce literary pieces, it is unavoidable that their linguistic
culture, background, and society will be prominently displayed. You have your own
language, culture, and society as readers. This class will present you with a variety of literary works
to help you improve your reading abilities. You will discover how your personal experiences, culture,
language, and society may help you properly absorb, understand, and interpret the various literary
writings.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
• differentiate the different contextual ways one may evaluate a literary text.
• analyze literary texts of various contexts using different contextual strategies.

WHAT IS IT

Text refers to the words which are written, while context is the
surroundings of the text, whether it is created within the text or describing the
situation of the author's life in which the text was written.
Context is the background, environment, setting, framework, or surroundings of
events or occurrences. Simply, context means circumstances forming a background of an event,
idea, or statement, in such a way as to enable readers to understand the narrative or a literary
piece. It is necessary in writing to provide information, new concepts, and words to develop
thoughts.

WHAT'S MORE

Literary context is knowledge or circumstances that you offer to explain why

something is happening; it may also be a character's past, which you provide to
explain their conduct and personality. The lives, beliefs, education, culture, and other aspects of an
author's biography are explored in Literary Biographical Context. This aids the reader in visualizing
and interpreting the composition. The possibilities of having a supplement of words are the focus of
Literary Linguistic Context. As a result, the reader will have an easier time understanding the next
words in the same paragraph like of the Structuralism, Formalism, New Formalism and Post
Structuralism. The historical and sociocultural functional base of an individual is referred to as
Literary Sociocultural Context such as Marxism, Feminism, Queer Theory, Historicism, Post-
Colonialism, and New Historicism
16
 Literature Critical Reading Strategies
1. Getting a sneak peek. Before you begin reading the content, gather vital information about it
as a preview. Previewing helps you mentally prepare for the onslaught of information that will hit you
when you start reading.
2. Making notes. Annotating a manuscript is highlighting or adding notes on key concepts.
Contextualizing is the third step. When you contextualize a text, you consider the work's
historical, cultural, or personal background. Determine how the text's context varies from your own by
identifying the context(s) in which it was written.
4. Creating an outline and a summary Outlining and summarizing the text might assist you in
identifying the book's major points and concepts.
5. Examining. Analyzing a book entails evaluating the data given to support the author's point
of view (s). You examine the evidence, sources, and author bias while evaluating a work (es).
6. Read it again. Rereading is examining the material again to increase your understanding
and find concepts that you may not have seen during your first reading.
7. Reacting. You are now ready to react to the material once you have gained a thorough
comprehension of it. Responding to the text entails extracting meaning from what you have read and
writing it down or discussing it with others

Now that you understand the literary context, try to answer the activity below.
Complete the idea of what you have learned from the lesson.

It is important to identify the relationship of the context with the text because …
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Identify the type of Contextual Reading Approach / strategy based on the given
guide questions. Choose the letter of your answer from the choices below:

A. Biographical Context B. Linguistic Context C. Sociological Context

1.________ Does the story uphold these customs and traditions or question them?
2. ________Does the text explicitly address issues of gender, race, or class?
3.________ Is there anything significant that happened in the author's life during this time?
4.________What is the relationship between the characters or the speakers in the text and their
society?
5._________ Are the sentences in the usual order of subject-predicate?
6._________ what can you infer about the text based on the title?
7._________ Are the images used stand for anything aside from their literal meaning?

17
 8.________ Does money or finances play a large role in the narrative?
9._________ Are there characters and situations in the text that could be representative of or are
like the ones in the author's life?
10.________ What does this say about the country and its inhabitants?

Task 2. Determine whether each of the given literary text is biographical, sociocultural, or linguistic in
context. Explain your answer in the blank lines provided.

1. Many times in life men do not think that women can do the same things that they can, whether it's picking
up boxes or being president. There will always be that "macho man" thought of the man being stronger than
the woman.
___________________

Explanation: _________________________________________________________

2. In 1892 when Rizal returned to the Philippines, he formed La Liga Filipina, a non-violent reform society of
patriotic citizen and a forum for Filipinos to express their hopes for reform, to promote progress through
commerce, industry and agriculture and freedom from the oppressive Spanish colonial administration.
____________________

Explanation: _________________________________________________________

8. "Efren Sison was afflicted with an intense case of inferiority—he was poor…"
"You want progress in the Dantes empire? Do what the old man tells you to do, or what you think he wants
you to do! Kiss his ass like me!" -Knowledge by F. Sionil Jose

_______________________

Explanation: _________________________________________________________

4. Can a person be gay and Catholic?

Is homosexuality inborn or learned?
Are there gays in the military?
Was Rizal a homosexual?
What should a beginning gay writer do?
Why do fathers beat up their swishy sons?
Why are there no happy gay stories?
Are all gays inborn volleybelles?
How do gays feel about growing old?
Why are gays promiscuous?
Closet Queries by Neil Garcia
______________________

Explanation: _________________________________________________________

5. Sabina" is a one-act play whose main character is a young farm girl who gets involved with and then gets
pregnant by an American trader in spite of the warnings of her family. Mr. George is perceived as the
outsider, as one who comes from the center, one with power which, except for Sabina, the family views with
doubt, with disdain. by Severino Montana
___________________________

Explanation: _________________________________________________________
18
 Lesson Contextual Approach to assess
6 Philippine Literature

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Authors' linguistic culture, upbringing, and society are all intricately mirrored
in their writings. As readers, you have your own culture, language, and society. This
lesson will show you how to fully absorb, analyze, and interpret diverse literary works
by drawing on your own experiences, culture, language, and society as a reader. You'll learn more
about each of them throughout this lesson.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

• differentiate the different contextual ways one may evaluate a literary text.
• analyze literary texts of various contexts using different contextual strategies.

WHAT IS IT

The text refers to the words which are written, while context is the
surroundings of the text, whether it is created within the text or describing the
situation of the author's life in which the text was written.
Whenever writers use a quote or a fact from some source, it becomes necessary to provide
their readers some information about the source to give context to its use. This piece of information
is called context. It illuminates the meaning and relevance of the text and maybe something
biographical, sociocultural, and linguistic.

WHAT'S MORE
Making contextual approaches to the literary text requires critical reading.
Usually, critical readers read the text once more and repeatedly examine the whole
text or passage structure. Thus, it is necessary to know the literary elements,
literary devices, and even literary techniques used by the author to draw out meaning and context.

The Elements of Poetry

1. Speaker-The poem's speaker is the person who is addressing the reader.
2. Content- Content is the subject of the poem. What is the poem all about?
3. Theme- The theme of the poem is the meaning of the poem. It is sometimes
called the main idea of the poem.
4. Shape and Form- Refer to the poem's structure, whether it is a free verse
or structured. The structured poem has patterns: rhyme, rhythm, line length, and stanza.
5. Mood or Tone- The mood or tone of a poem is the feeling that the poet
creates and that the reader senses through the poet's choice of words.
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 6. Imagery- Imagery refers to the "pictures" which we perceive with our mind's
eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.
In terms of structure, a poetic line is a collection of words that make up a single poem line. A poem's
stanza is called by the number of lines it includes. When there is no written or natural stop at the conclusion
of a poetry line, the word flow continues to the following line; this is known as enjambment. The placement of
words and poetic lines on the page of a poem is referred to as placement. In traditional poetry, a verse is a
meter-written line. Capitalization and punctuation are not usually strictly adhered to; instead, they serve the
poet's creative vision.
When it comes to sound, the meter is a unit of measurement for the number of syllables in a line.
Tetrameter, for example, is four feet. At the conclusion of poetry lines, rhyme is the repeating of similar or
identical sounds. The rhyme system in a poem is the pattern of rhymes at the conclusion of each line or
stanza. The recurrence of vowel sounds inside syllables in a line is known as assonance. The recurrence of
consonant sounds inside words in a line is known as consonance. The repeating of consonant sounds at the
beginning of words is known as alliteration. Onomatopoeia is a term that has the same pronunciation as its
meaning. Buzz, swish, hiss, and gulp are some examples. A collection of sounds, words, or phrases that are
repeated to enhance emphasis or generate rhythm is referred to as repetition. Repetition in the form of
parallelism is a type of repetition. In a poem or song, a refrain is a line or stanza repeated repeatedly. The
term "wordplay" refers to the practice of experimenting with the sounds and meanings of actual or created
words. Imagist poetry is another name for imagery. The use of precise language to describe a person, place,
thing, or action that appeals to one or more of the five senses is precise.

The Elements of Short Stories

1. Theme- The central idea of the story.
2. Plot- A series of related events that the author uses to develop the theme of a story.
*Exposition- the beginning of the story.
*Rising Action- the struggle starts
*Climax- the turning point in the story
*Falling Action- the events that lead to the resolution
*Resolution- the final stage of the story
3. Characters- The action of the story is centered around the characters in the story.
4. Setting- It refers to the place where the story happened and the time when the story happened.
5. Point of View- It tells the perspective of the narrator.
6. Conflict- It refers to the struggle experienced by the main character. Man vs. Man,
Man vs. Himself, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Society

Prose techniques and devices

Flashback, Prolepsis or Flash Foreshadowing, En Medias Res Frame Story, Tone: Mood: Style:
Figurative Language
Simile, Metaphor, Personification Symbolism, Hyperbole Verbal irony or sarcasm Situational irony.
Pun, Allusion, and Idioms

Now that you understand the literary context try to answer the activity below.
Wrap Up the concept of what you have learned from the lesson.

It is crucial to figure out the text's structure since...

___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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 WHAT I CAN DO
Task 1. Complete the sentences with the words that will make them meaningful.
Choose your answer inside the box.

1. One of the things that make a poem interesting is the use of _________________.
2. The most exciting part of the story is called the ____________.
3. The _____________ is analyzing characters and situations in the text that could be representative of or
are like the author's life.
4. I could hardly write the _________________ of the story because it was lengthy and full of twists.
5. “The Sun was like a large ball of butter” is an example of _____________.
6. The ______________ angle from which the story is told.
7. The _____________is the clash of interests in order for the events to progress.
8. The literary theory of _____________ examines how the female character maybe empowered when
discriminated against.
9. The underlying meaning or main idea of a story is called the ______________.
10. The _____________ is the time and location in which a story takes place.
Task 2. Most of the time author's significant experiences are reflected in their writings. In the
space provided. Recall a significant event in your life and what did this event teach you. You may include
people, things, place which you think played essential roles in this experience.

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 Lesson Using Multimedia and ICT
7 Skills to Adapt Literary Pieces

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

People in this age are exposed to a wide range of technology and social media.
Checking alerts on various social media sites is the first thing you do in the morning.
You may use this page to post, update your status, search, submit movies, and
record moments, among other things. You may connect with your loved ones, especially those who live
in foreign countries, with only a few clicks. The days of people penning letters and mailing them to our
mailboxes are long gone.
In this lesson, you will enhance your ICT skills and utilize them in creating literary texts. Also,
you will extend your knowledge about the relationship between ICT to Literature.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

• determine and employ an appropriate multimedia format in interpreting the literary text.
• apply ICT skills in crafting an adaptation of a literary text.

WHAT IS IT

Multimedia is the information accessed by a computer that can be represented through

text, graphics, audio, and video. There is an integration of text, graphics – drawings and
animation, audio or music, and videos. Students and teachers can navigate, interact, create, and
communicate through multimedia.

WHAT'S MORE

Multimedia is utilized as a source of information in teaching and learning in

education. Students can look for data on a range of themes and subjects in the form of
texts, pictures, audio, and videos. Teachers might utilize animations to emphasize or
demonstrate essential topics in multimedia presentations to make classes more entertaining.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia
1) Texts – are characters used to create words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
2) Graphics – is a representation of non-text information such as drawing, illustration, animation,
charts, and photographs that are made digital.
3) Audio – is the sound system or music that can be added to pictures to enhance multimedia.
4) Videos - photographic images that are played back at speeds of 15 to 30 frames a second and
provide the appearance of full motion.
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 Now that you learned more about multimedia skills write TRUE if the underlined word is
correct. If FALSE, write the correct word.

________1. Joshua is reading the poem entitled "Isa Dalawa Tatlo" by Hannah A Minah. While
reading, he clicked a link about its line and symbolism. This is an example of textual.
________2. Ezekiel is writing his draft about his business blog. However, he noticed that the content
is dull. He adds a video to attract his audience to buy his product.
________3. It is important to plan a blog by choosing first a topic.
________4. Videos are photographic images that are played back at speeds of 15 to 30 frames a
second and provide the appearance of full motion.
________5. Chic Lit refers to works about a man's contemporary life and struggles.

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1 Create a blog (draft) of your choice; it can be about travel, food,
inspiration, or a fashion blog. Read it intensively and complete the chart below. (Please wait
for the Teacher's instructions as to when and where this blog (draft) will be crafted upon
using a particular ICT application on the internet).

Word Chart: Context and Connection

What is it about?

Examples given:

BLOG BY:
____________

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The most important lesson I learned in the blog is:

Task 2 Do you monitor your time when using your gadgets? How much time do you take when
using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.? Aside from social media, what are the other multimedia
you already know? Find five (5) words that are related to multimedia skills.

Elements of Multimedia: MULTIMEDIA, GRAPHICS, TEXT, AUDIO, VIDEO

N O A Z U E A Z V Q Q O J S

L Z Q R B X I D B V M F C L

T Y W M I E D M N Q R R E K

E V C H C J E Z V K K J S G

X N L O O W M Y I L O I D K

T D D R N Z I T O A O W G S

L G H B D T T F H I R U R T

I W J O C O L N L G A N A R

P R C A P O U T P R B K P J

B V W L V Z M E O Q F F H A

J I K C T Y J Q F U A E I U

Z R E S O Q W S N Y C Y C D

M K R R G B O E D I V R S I

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 Lesson Adapted Literary Outputs: Self
8 and Peer Assessment

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

You will have the opportunity to express your own thoughts, sentiments,
creativity, and judgment by adapting a literary work utilizing multimedia and ICT
abilities as you go through this subject. You will also learn how to examine and
evaluate literary adaptations.
Before the presentation, you will be able to perform self-and/or peer-assessment of a
creative adaptation of a literary work using logical criteria.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

• differentiate self-assessment and peer-assessment.
• use proper assessment in literary texts translated into a multimedia format using ICT
skills.

WHAT IS IT

Gone are the times when your literary instructor would let you read a novel and then
quiz you on the story's aspects like characters, locations, plot, conflict, and even
lessons learned. Multimedia or Information Communication Technology (ICT) abilities are being
incorporated into reading and understanding literary works because of ubiquitous technology. The
design of your depiction of Literature in these exercises must also be assessed to know if there is
learning and if those adaptations of literary pieces are authentic and out of creativity.
There are different multimedia skills you can use:
a. Powerpoint presentation – is software from Microsoft Office to create series of slides. With this,
you can add fonts, pictures, shapes, symbols, and effects.
b. Graphics – relate to a visual art such as drawing or illustration
c. Audio – is a term to describe an audible sound or music
d. Motion Pictures or Video – is a series of pictures or photographs on a film that the audience can
view. This is also called a film or movie.
e. Digital storytelling – is one way to tell stories with the use of technology. Readers are more
interested if they can view pictures or videos, animation, narration, and dialogues.

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 WHAT'S MORE

The adaptation of a literary source (e.g., a novel, short story, or poetry) to another
genre or media, such as a film, stage play, or video game, is known as literary adaptation.
As educators, our objective is to instill in you critical, fair, and evaluative skills.
Peer and self-assessment are tools developed to let students offer and receive
constructive criticism from their peers, which can help them better understand the subject material and
get meaningful insight into their own efforts.

Self-assessments are more commonly utilized as a part of a formative rather than a summative
evaluation procedure. Peer Evaluation is a type of assessment that allows students to evaluate each
other's work.

Benefits of self-evaluation include:

• Encourages students to critically reflect on their learning progress and performance
• Encourages students to take more responsibility for their learning
• Assists students in becoming autonomous learners
• Assists students in becoming more aware of their own weaknesses and strengths •
Assists students in developing judgmental skills

Self-drawbacks evaluations include:

• Self-evaluation can be subjective since students may not be honest with themselves and may even
exaggerate their performance.
• It takes time for students.
• Students may not be familiar with the assessment criteria.

Now that you know all about literary adaption and its assessment try to answer the activity
below.

1. How important self-assessment is?

________________________________________________________________
2. What about peer assessment? Is it of any use? What made you say that?
________________________________________________________________
3. Is it necessary to establish a set of assessment criteria?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4.-5. Do you believe that adapting a literary text allows you to have a better comprehension of the
work? Why? Explain your response.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Choose your favorite poem. Using a camera, create a video of yourself while
reading the poem with proper pronunciation, pitch, and intonation. Then, use this rubric to do a self-
assessment of your literary adaptation

Source: https://www.readwritethink.org/sites/default/files/resources/31072_self.pdf

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 Task 2. Create your own storyboard about your favorite story. (See example below). Then have it
assessed by a classmate (via any social media platform, text message) using the given feedback
form for the peer assessment. You may use another sheet of paper if necessary for the storyboard.
Sample

Source: https://www.deviantart.com/chubbochucko/art/How-My-Brother-Le on-Brought-Home-a-Wife-Page-6-367546166

Digital Story Feedback For (Name): Date:

Story Title:

Criteria Assessment/Feedback
Outstanding Satisfactory Poor Why? (Include Suggestions for Improvement)
Has A Point
(of View)
- purpose
- stance

Engaging
- interesting
- surprising
- thought-provoking

Quality drawing
- neat
- good pacing
- cohesion

Use of Images/
-drawing in the
comics
- visual flow

Source; Adapted from: https://teaching.yale-nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2016/04/PS138-Storyboard-Grading-Rubric-.pdf

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