CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5

CẤU TẠO TỪ - WORD FORMS

I. Danh từ
1. Chức năng
Làm chủ ngữ The children have gone to bed
Tân ngữ trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp
+ Tân ngữ trực tiếp I saw the thief
+ Tân ngữ gián tiếp The policeman asked the thief a lot of questions
Tân ngữ của giới từ He is listening to music
Danh từ nào đi sau giới từ cũng đều làm tân ngữ cho
giới từ đó.
Bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ He is my closet
Bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ được dùng sau động từ be và các
động từ liên kết become, seem, feel,…
Bổ ngữ của tân ngữ They elected him president of the club

2. Vị trí
Sau mạo từ a/an/the I met a girl at the bus stop
Lưu ý: a/an/the + adj + N I met a beautiful girl at the bus stop
Sau các từ sở hữu
+ Sau sở hữu cách I really like Linda’s dress
+ Tính từ sở hữu This is my new computer
Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/that/these/ those) + N. This machine has been out of order.
Sau some/any/many/much + N. There are many people waiting for the last bus.
Sau giới từ (in, on, at, of, for, ……) I am interested in books

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Danh từ có thể được nhận biết qua các hậu tố sau đây:
− ance: importance, finance, performance…
− ence: independence, difference, reference,  …
− sion: discussion, decision, explosion, …
− tion: information, production, distribution, …
− ment: environment, development, agreement,  …
− dom: freedom, wisdom, kingdom,…
− ship: friendship, hardship, scholarship, …
− ness: happiness, sadness, willingness, …
− ity: ability, possibility, responsibility, activity,  …
− ing: writing, speaking, listening, building, …
− ism: tourism, journalism, Buddhism, …
− age: advantage, village, marriage…
− al: refusal, removal, proposal…

II. Tính từ
1. Chức năng
Làm tính từ I want a new laptop
Làm bổ nghĩa cho câu The weather becomes cold and wet

2. Vị trí
Trước danh từ new car, black hat, beautiful girl,
Sau động từ to be Mary is beautiful
Sau V tri giác The food tastes delicious.
V (tri giác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel...
Sau look, seem, get, become, find, make… + adj. She looks happier than yesterday.
Sau đại từ bất định I found something great
(somebody, something, everything...)

3. Nhận biết
− “-able”: comfortable, capable, considerable.…
− “-ible”: possible, flexible, responsible…
− “-ous”: dangerous, humorous, poisonous…
− “-ive”: attractive, decisive, positive…
− “-ent”: confident, dependent, different…
− “-ful”: stressful, harmful, beautiful …
− “-less”: careless, harmless, useless …
− “-ant”: important, brilliant, significant…
− “-ic”: economic, specific, iconic…
− “-ly”: friendly, lovely, costly… (lưu ý: những từ này không phải trạng từ tiếng anh)
− “-y”: rainy, sunny, windy …
− “-al”: political, historical, physical …
− “-ing”: interesting, exciting, boring…
− “-ed”: excited, interested, bored…
III. Trạng từ
1. Chức năng
Bổ nghĩa cho động từ They often get up at 6am

Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ She is very nice.

Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ khác The teacher speaks really quickly

Bổ nghĩa cho cả câu Luckily, I went to school on time

2. Vị trí
Đầu câu Last month, Lucy met him.
trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ chỉ quan điểm, nhận xét, Personally, I think she was very hard-working
bình luận, hoặc nhấn mạnh những gì sắp nói đến. for practice.

Giữa câu She is always cook breakfast herself

Trạng từ chỉ tần số không xác định, trạng từ chỉ mức độ, My brother often travels to Thailand in summer.
khả năng có thể xảy ra sẽ đứng ở giữa câu.

Cuối câu I have to go out now.

TT tập trung chỉ thời gian và tần số có xác định, trạng từ She plays guitar well.
chỉ cách thức, nơi chốn thường được đặt ở cuối câu.

3. Nhận biết
- Adj + ly: slowly, loudly,..
*Lưu ý:
Hard (adj) - Hard (adv): chăm chỉ, khó khăn, vất vả
Hardly (adv): "hầu như không có" hay "chỉ mới"
Late (adj) - late (adv): muộn
Lately: gần đây
Fast (adj) - fast (adv): nhanh
Good (adj) - well (adv)
Một số từ tận cùng là -ly nhưng là tính từ: friendly, likey, lonely, lovey, silly, ugly
BÀI TẬP

1.How many ___________ took part in the 22nd A. attractive

SEA Games?
B. attraction
A. competitors
C. attractiveness
B. Competitive
D. attractively
C. competes
5. He can’t hear because of his ___________
D. competitions
A. deaf
2. Boys often enjoy doing things in a ___________
B. deafness
way.

C. deafen
A. create

D. deafened
B. creative

6. These countries are ___________ in exporting

C. creativity
shrimps.
D. creatively
A. prefer
3. The problem of ________ among young people
B. preference
is hard to solve.

C. preferential
A. employment

D. preferentially
B. employees

7. The children ___________ high grade at school.

C. employers

A. achieve
D. unemployment

B. achievement
4. Some people are concerned with
physical___________ when choosing a wife or C. achievable
husband.
D. achieving
8. His pronunciation causes me a lot of ________. D. considering

A. difficulties 12. Some species of rare animals are in ________

of extinction.
B. difficult
A. danger
C. difficulty
B. dangerous
D. difficultly
C. dangerously
9 . She was the first in her family to enjoy the
privilege of a university ________. D. endanger

A. educated 13. Electronic music is a kind of music in which

sounds are produced __________ .
B. educational
A. electron
C. educating
B. electric
D. education
C. electronic
10. Buckingham Palace is a major tourist ________
in London. D. electronically

A. attract 14. He has been very interested in doing research

on _______ since he was at high school.
B. attraction
A. biology
C. attractive
B. biological
D. attractiveness
C. biologist
11. Is pointing at someone ________ rude in your
country? D. biologically

A. consider 15. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than
girls?
B. to consider
A. act
C. considered
B. active
C. action C. enthusiast

D. activity D. enthusiastically

16. These quick and easy _______ can be effective 20. Don’t forget to say goodbye to the
in the short term, but they have a cost. ___________ before leaving the office.

A. solve A. interviewer

B. solvable B. interviewing

C. solutions C. interviewee

D. solvability D. interview

17. Can you tell me about the ________ process to 21. Working as an astronaut require
tertiary study in Vietnam? high___________ knowledge.

A. apply A. technique

B. applicable B. technical

C. application C. technically

D. applicant D. technician

18. Housework is ________ shared between them. 22. My grandmother is very _______ in history.

A. equally A. interest

B. equal B. interests

C. equality C. interested

D. equalizing D. interesting

19. Tam has never lost her _________ for teaching. 23. Vietnamese athletes performed_______ and
won a lot of gold medals.
A. enthusiastic
A. excellent
B. enthusiasm
B. excellently 27. The Games really became a festival that
impressed sports___________
C. excellence
A. enthusiasts
D. excel
B. enthusiasm
24. WHO’s main activities are carrying out research
on medical _______ and improving international C. enthuse
health care.
D. enthusiastic
A. develop
28. Did you remember anything ……..at the party?
B. developing
A. interested
C. development
B. interesting
D. develops
C. interests
25. Scientific progress supplies us with
D. to interest
____________.

29 . In rainy seasons, roads in the village are always

A. conveniences
___________
B. convenient A. mud

C. inconvenience B. mudded

D. inconveniences C. mudding

26. The panda’s __________ habitat is the bamboo D. muddy

forest.
30 .Linda likes wearing ___________ clothes.
A. nature
A. colour
B. natural
B. colourfully
C. naturally
C. colourful
D. natured
D. colourless
31.. Her own mistakes made her very ___________ 35. Life here is very _____.
of the faults of others.
A. peacefull
A. tolerable

B. peaceful
B. tolerant

C. peace
C. tolerate

D. peacefulness
D. tolerated

36. Women usually don’t shake hands when being

32 . All the teachers work on an entirely-
_____.
___________ basis.
A. volunteer A. introducing

B. volunteered B. introduction

C. voluntary C. introduced

D. voluntarily D. introducer

33 . Books are still a cheap way to get information 37. He was so _____ that he had an accident.
and ___________
A. entertainment A. caring

B. entertain B. careless

C. entertaining C. careful

D. entertainer D. carefully

34 . To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone 38. Farmers can enrich the soil by using ______.

about age, ___________. and salary.

A. fertile
A. marry

B. fertility
B. married

C. fertilize
C. marriage

D. fertilizers
D. marrying
39. Nowadays, chemicals are ______ into some 43. All of the students appreciate the ______ of
fruits to reduce decay. English learning.

A. injection A. import

B. injecting B. important

C. inject C. importantly

D. injected D. importance

40. What’s your _______? – I’m Vietnamese. 44. We can enjoy live programmes through
_______ satellites.
A. nation
A. communicate
B. national
B. communication
C. nationality
C. communicative
D. international
D. communicable
41. In this course, students receive _______ in the
basic English grammar. 45. All of my students appreciate the___________
of English learning
A. instruct
A. import
B. instructional
B. important
C. instruction
C. importantly
D. instructive
D. importance
42. I _____ him for his honesty.
46. She is ___________ in asking for bigger salary.
A. respective
She worked hard

B. respectful
A. reason

C. respectable
B. reasonable

D. respect
C. unreasonable
D. unreasonably C. society

47. Are you ___________ of the danger that you D. socialism

are facing?

A. sense

B. sensible

C. senseless

D. sensation

48. This book is interesting. It’s also

well-.___________

A. illustrating

B. illustrated

C. illustration

D. illustrate

49. My brother is studying___________

engineering

A. electronic

B. electric

C. electrical

D. electrified

50. Communist is the highest form of___________

A. social

B. socialist