10/13/2022 Connected Cars

Assignment
BY Shlok Dixit(202018bt270)

Application of Connected Vehicles in

Autonomous Driving

Shlok Dixit
BITS PILANI WILP DIVISION
Automated and connected vehicle technologies are among the most heavily researched automotive technologies.
The vehicle technologies currently available are only a fraction of what is being developed for the future. The
technologies for autonomous cars, connected cars, and advanced driver assistance systems overlap, below is an
overview of the technologies, definitions, benefits and challenges of this emerging sector

Levels of Automation
Fully automated, autonomous, or “self-driving” vehicles are defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation's
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) as “those in which operation of the vehicle occurs
without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is
not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving mode.” There have been multiple
definitions for various levels of automation, for the sake of standardization, and to aid clarity and consistency,
NHTSA has adopted the SAE International definitions for levels of automation. These definitions divide vehicles
into levels based on “who does what, when.”

Connected Vehicles
Connected vehicles are vehicles that use any of a number of different communication technologies to
communicate with the driver, other cars on the road (vehicle-to-vehicle [V2V]), roadside infrastructure (vehicle-to-
infrastructure [V2I]), and the “Cloud” [V2C]. This technology can be used to not only improve vehicle safety, but
also to improve vehicle efficiency and commute times. Listed below are the types of communicaton, with links to
more information, and some of the benefits of connected vehicles:

Benefits
In 2016, motor vehicle-related crashes on U.S. highways claimed 37,461 lives. US Dept of Transportation
research shows that 94% of serious crashes are due to human error. Some of the benefits of connected and
automated vehicles include:

Crash Elimination: Crash-free driving and improved vehicle safety, a vehicle can monitor the environment
continuously, making up for lapses in driver attention.

Reduced Need for New Infrastructure: By managing traffic flow, self-driving can reduce the need for building
new infrastructure and reduce maintenance costs

Travel Time Dependability: V2V, V2C, and V2I can substantially reduce uncertainty in travel times via real-time,
predictive assessment of travel times on all routes

Productivity Improvements: A reduction in driving tasks will allow travelers to use travel time more productively

Improved Energy Efficiency: Reduced energy consumption in at least three ways: more efficient driving; lighter,
more fuel-efficient vehicles; and efficient infrastructure.

Challenges
Although adding connectivity to vehicles has its benefits, it also has challenges. By adding connectivity, there can
be issues with security, privacy, and data analytics and aggregation due to the large volume of information being
accessed and shared.

The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office of the US Department of Transportation
(USDOT) conducts research, development, and education activities to facilitate the adoption of intelligent
vehicles, intelligent infrastructure, and the integration of an intelligent transportation system.

The ITS Standards Program, established in 1996, develops standards based on open, non-proprietary
technology, and fosters interoperable vehicle communication systems. Working with public and private
organizations, companies, and agencies, the program has published 91 standards to accelerate connected
vehicle development.

Early examples of vehicle connectivity are GPS systems, General Motor’s OnStar, Ford’s Sync, and Chrysler’s
Uconnect. Android Auto, Apple CarPlay, and Amazon Alexa are combining that earlier technology with lessons
from the smart-phone industry to increase connectivity and integrate information across devices.

Connected Vehicle Trade Association

The CAAT is proud to be a member of the Connected Vehicle

Trade Association (CVTA), a non-profit business league established to facilitate the interaction, and advance the
interests, of the entities involved in the vehicle communication environment. The Connected Vehicle Trade
Association enables the collaboration of companies, organizations, and governmental bodies engaged in
developing bidirectional vehicle communications. Membership is open to any corporation, public entities,
standards and specification organizations and educational institutions.

CVTA offers an annual summit on The Future of the Connected Vehicle. CAAT Director, Bob Feldmaier, attended
the 9 annual CVTA Summit, held October 3-4, 2018, in Novi, MI, and presented a session on Creating the
th

Educational Pipeline. See presentation #21 in the link above download the presentation from the CAAT’s
free resource library.

In addition, CVTA’s Connected Vehicle Professional™ (CVP) Credentialing Program offers a comprehensive
education and certification curriculum collaboratively launched between SAE International (a CAAT partner), the
Connected Vehicle Trade Association (CVTA) and The Next Education. The CVP Credentialing Program helps
professionals build a valuable skill set and increases professional credibility in the Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS) Community. The CVP is a vendor-neutral credentialing program that signifies that an individual has
the requisite foundational understanding necessary to perform tasks involving connected vehicle and intelligent
transportation best practices, in-vehicle safety, infrastructure, communication protocols, security and more.