ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

SCENE 1: INTRODUCTION TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

NARRATOR: PEOPLE SELDOMLY REALIZE THAT THEIR SOURCE OF

ENERGY IS A MAJOR FACTOR OF EARTH’S INCREASING

TEMPERATURE. MOST OF US MERELY DEPENDS ENERGY

SOURCE ON NON-RENEWABLE ONES. BUT THE QUESTION

IS, IS THERE ANY ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY THAT

DON’T CONTRIBUTE TO THE EARTH’S DETERIORATING

CLIMATE? THE ANSWER IS, A BIG YES. YOU WILL LEARN

MORE ABOUT THAT TODAY. LET’S START!

SCENE 2: DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

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NARRATOR: ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY THAT WE CAN HAVE

IN OUR NATURAL RESOURCES AND CAUSE NO HARM FOR

OUR ENVIRONMENT. IT IS THE ENERGY SOURCE THAT

DIDN'T REQUIRE ANY FOSSIL FUELS SUCH AS GASOLINE,

COAL AND NATURAL GAS. THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES

THAT HAVE BEEN USING SINCE OUR OLD TIMES ARE SOLAR,
WIND, GEOTHERMAL, HYDROELECTRIC, TIDAL, BIOMASS

AND HYDROGEN.

SINCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS USED BY MANY

COUNTRIES, HERE ARE SOME USEFUL ALTERNATIVE

ENERGIES: HYDRO POWER IS MADE BY THE MECHANICAL

ENERGY OF FLOWING WATER BY FORCING IT THROUGH

PIPING CALLED A PENSTOCK, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE

ELECTRICITY THIS ENERGY SHOULD TURN INTO

GENERATORS. HYDRO ENERGY WAS THE ENERGY

PRODUCED FROM THE MOVEMENT OF THE OCEAN. SOLAR

ENERGY IS THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN LIGHT. OF IS THE

MOST ABUNDANT RENEWABLE ENERGY BECAUSE OF THE

ENERGY WAS HARVESTED FROM THE SUN. WIND POWER IS

ONE OF THE COMMON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY THAT WE ARE

USING TODAY AND THIS ALSO HAVE THE EASIEST

PROCESS. A WIND TURBINE CONVERTS THE KINETIC

ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY THAT IS USED TO

GENERATE ELECTRICITY THEN THE ENERGY THAT GOES

THRU THE GENERATOR, CONVERTED AGAIN INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND FED INTO THE GRID TO BE

TRANSMITTED TO BE A POWER AGAIN.

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SCENE 3: BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

NARRATOR: AFTER LEARNING WHAT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS LET’S

PROCEED DISCUSSING ITS BENEFITS. THE MAIN GOAL

FROM THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS TO PROTECT OUR

ENVIRONMENT.

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NARRATOR: THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY REDUCED RELIANCE ON

IMPORTED FUELS, IT INCREASED ENERGY SECURITY,

DECREASED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT COMPARED TO

FOSSIL FUEL AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. IN USING

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY THERE IS NO GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS (EXCEPT BIOMASS AND BIOGAS) OR TOXIC

WASTE, IT IS COMPETITIVE COSTS (WHICH ARE STILL

DECREASING) COMPARED TO MANY CONVENTIONAL

TECHNOLOGIES AND NO FUEL COSTS (EXCEPT BIOMASS

AND BIOGAS). ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS NON-POLLUTING,

DOES NOT CREATE GREENHOUSE GASES, SUCH AS OIL-

BASED ENERGY DOES, NOR DOES IT CREATE WASTE THAT

 MUST BE STORED AND VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE FUEL

SOURCES. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY THAT GENERATED ON

PUBLIC LANDS CAUSES IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO

OUR ECONOMY. THIS KIND OF ENERGY CAN ALSO BE PART

OF A STRATEGY TO HELP COMMUNITIES CURRENTLY

DEPENDENT ON FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION CAN CHANGE

THEIR ECONOMIES. SOLAR, WIND, AND GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY ALSO REDUCE OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL

FUELS, WHICH PROTECTS OUR CLEAN AIR AND WATER AND

HELPS ADDRESS THE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGE. THE

BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND

PRODUCTION ARE SIGNIFICANT AND NUMEROUS. IN

ADDITION TO THE KEY ECONOMIC BENEFITS DETAILED IN

THIS REPORT, ENERGY PRODUCED FROM ALTERNATIVE

SOURCES ALSO HELPS PROTECT OUR SHARED

ENVIRONMENT AND PRESERVE OTHER ECOSYSTEM

SERVICES, INCLUDING REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS WHICH HELPS ADDRESS THE THREAT OF

CLIMATE CHANGE.

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SCENE 4: ENDING OF DISCUSSION

NARRATOR: NOW YOU HAVE AN OVERVIEW WHAT ALTERNATIVE

ENERGY IS AND THE BENEFITS THAT HUMAN AND MOTHER

EARTH CAN OBTAIN FROM ALTERNATIVE ENERGY.

LET’S EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ALTERNATIVE

ENERGY BY CITING ITS DIFFERENT TYPES. ARE YOU

READY? IF YES, LET’S GO TO ANOTHER SEGMENT OF OUR

DISCUSSION.
 SOLAR ENERGY

SCENE 1: DEFINITION OF SOLAR ENERGY

NARRATOR: DID YOU KNOW THAT THE SUN CAN USED AS OUR SOURCE

OF ENERGY? BY THE WAY, WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY?

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NARRATOR: THE CLEANEST AND MOST ABUNDANT RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCE AVAILABLE IN THE WORLD IS SOLAR ENERGY. IT IS

A SOURCE OF SUN-GENERATED ENERGY THAT CAN BE

TRANSFORMED INTO THERMAL OR ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

WE USE THE PRESERVED ENERGY FROM THE SUN TO

ILLUMINATE AND HEAT OUR HOMES AND TO BRIGHTEN OUR

HIGHWAYS, BUSINESS GOALS, ETC. SOME PEOPLE REFER

TO IT AS SOLAR ELECTRICITY, WHICH HAS THE SAME

SIGNIFICANCE.

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SCENE 2: COUNTRIES THAT SUCCESSFULLY GRASPS THE BENEFITS

OF SOLAR ENERGY

NARRATOR: THERE ARE FEW COUNTRIES THAT SUCCESSFULLY GRASPS

THE BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY. WHICH ARE THEY? HOW

DID THEY UTILIZE SOLAR ENERGY AS THEIR SOURCE OF

ENERGY?

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NARRATOR: THE RECORD HOLDER FOR THE LARGEST OPERATIONAL

SOLAR PROJECT TO BE BUILT IS NO OTHER THAN CHINA.

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NARRATOR: JAPAN HAS BEEN THE FASTEST-GROWING NATION IN THE

MARKET FOR SOLAR POWER.

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NARRATOR: INTRESTINGLY, 80% GERMANY’S PROGRESSION IS

ATTRIBUTED WITH THEIR UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY.

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NARRATOR: WOW!! USA IS ENTITLED TO BE THE SITE OF THE WORLD'S

OLDEST SOLAR POWER PLANT.

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NARRATOR: LASTLY, ITALY MOBILIZES SOLAR ENERGY FOR PUBLIC USE.

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SCENE 3: HOW SOLAR ENERGY WORKS?

NARRATOR: UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY PANELS UNDERGOES

SEVERAL PROCESSES. LET ME ENUMERATE IT TO YOU.

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STEP 1 FADE IN

NARRATOR: STEP 1: SUNLIGHT ACTIVATES THE PANELS

A LAYER OF SILICON CELLS, A METAL FRAME, A GLASS

HOUSING SURROUNDED BY A SPECIAL FILM, AND WIRING

ARE BUILT ON EACH PLATE. THE PANELS ARE CLUSTERED

TOGETHER INTO 'ARRAYS' FOR OPTIMUM IMPACT (AND

POSITIONED ON ROOFTOPS OR IN LARGE OUTDOOR

SPACES. DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS, SOLAR CELLS, WHICH

ARE ALSO CALLED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, CAPTURE

SUNLIGHT.

STEP 1 FADE OUT

STEP 2 FADE IN

NARRATOR: STEP 2: THE CELLS PRODUCE ELECTRICAL CURRENT

 A THIN SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER MADE FROM TWO LAYERS

OF SILICON IS WITHIN EACH SOLAR CELL. ONE LAYER IS

CHARGED POSITIVELY, AND THE OTHER IS CHARGED

NEGATIVELY, CREATING AN ELECTRICAL FIELD. WHEN A

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELL IS STRUCK BY LIGHT ENERGY

FROM THE SUN, IT ENERGIZES THE CELL AND ALLOWS

ELECTRONS INSIDE THE SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER TO

'COME FREE' FROM ATOMS. THE ELECTRIC FIELD

SURROUNDING THE WAFER SETS THESE LOOSE

ELECTRONS INTO MOTION, AND THIS MOTION PRODUCES

AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT.

STEP 2 FADE OUT

STEP 3 FADE IN

NARRATOR: STEP 3: THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED

YOU NOW HAVE SOLAR PANELS WORKING EFFICIENTLY TO

TURN SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY, BUT THE ELECTRICITY

PRODUCED IS CALLED DIRECT CURRENT (OR DC)

ELECTRICITY, WHICH IS NOT THE TYPE OF ELECTRICITY

THAT POWERS MOST HOMES, WHICH IS ELECTRICITY (OR

AC) ALTERNATING CURRENT. FORTUNATELY, THROUGH A

DEVICE CALLED AN INVERTER, DC ELECTRICITY CAN BE

QUICKLY CONVERTED INTO AC ELECTRICITY. THESE

 INVERTERS CAN BE MOUNTED AS A SINGLE INVERTER FOR

THE ENTIRE SYSTEM OR AS INDIVIDUAL MICROINVERTERS

IN MODERN SOLAR SYSTEMS.

STEP 3 FADE OUT

STEP 4 FADE IN

NARRATOR: STEP 4: THE CONVERTED ELECTRICITY POWERS YOUR

HOME

IT RUNS THROUGH YOUR ELECTRICAL PANEL AND IS

DISTRIBUTED INSIDE THE HOME TO POWER YOUR

APPLIANCES UNTIL THE SOLAR ENERGY HAS BEEN

CONVERTED FROM DC TO AC ELECTRICITY. IT FUNCTIONS

THE SAME AS YOUR ELECTRIC UTILITY COMPANY'S

ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATED THROUGH THE GRID, SO

NOTHING NEEDS TO CHANGE INSIDE THE HOME.

STEP 4 FADE OUT

STEP 5 FADE IN

NARRATOR: STEP 5: A NET METER MEASURES USAGE

YOUR SOLAR SHINGLES OR PANELS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO

ABSORB AMPLE SUNLIGHT TO USE FOR ENERGY ON

CLOUDY DAYS AND OVERNIGHT; CONVERSELY, THEY MAY

GATHER SURPLUS ENERGY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DAY

 WHILE NOBODY IS HOME, MORE THAN YOU NEED TO RUN

YOUR HOME. THAT'S WHY A METER IS USED TO MEASURE

THE ELECTRICITY FLOWING FROM AND TO YOUR HOME IN

BOTH DIRECTIONS. YOUR UTILITY COMPANY WILL OFTEN

PROVIDE CREDITS FOR ANY SURPLUS ELECTRICITY YOU

RETURN TO THE GRID. THIS IS REFERRED TO AS NET

METERING.

STEP 5 FADE OUT

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SCENE 4: BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY

NARRATOR: AFTER LEARNING THE PROCESSES OF INSTALLATION OF

SOLAR PANEL, LET’S EXPLORE THE BENEFITS OF SOLAR

ENERGY. ARE YOU READY?

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NARRATOR: IN CONTRAST TO ANY OTHER FORM OF ENERGY, SOLAR

ENERGY HAS THE LEAST NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE

CLIMATE. IT DOES NOT CREATE GREENHOUSE GASES AND

WATER IS NOT CONTAMINATED. FOR ITS MAINTENANCE, IT

ALSO NEEDS VERY LITTLE WATER, UNLIKE NUCLEAR

POWER PLANTS, FOR EXAMPLE, WHICH NEED 20 TIMES

 MORE WATER. THE GENERATION OF SOLAR ENERGY DOES

NOT PRODUCE ANY NOISE, WHICH IS A MAJOR ADVANTAGE,

SINCE MANY SOLAR INSTALLATIONS, SUCH AS RESIDENTIAL

SOLAR PANELS, ARE LOCATED IN URBAN AREAS.

SOLAR ENERGY CAN BE DEPLOYED ANYWHERE AS LONG

AS THERE IS SUNLIGHT. FOR REMOTE REGIONS WITH NO

ACCESS TO ANY OTHER SOURCE OF ENERGY, THIS IS

ESPECIALLY USEFUL. THERE ARE A LARGE NUMBER OF

PEOPLE WITH NO ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AROUND THE

WORLD. IN OTHER COUNTRIES, INDEPENDENT SOLAR

SYSTEMS COULD BE INSTALLED AND IMPROVE THE LIVES

OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE. ALSO, SOLAR POWER IS USEFUL

IN PRODUCING POWER FOR SPACECRAFT AND VESSELS.

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NARRATOR: IF MULTIPLE POWER PLANTS ARE SPREAD OUT THE GRID IS

LESS VULNERABLE TO BLACKOUTS. THERE ARE

THOUSANDS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION CENTERS THAT ARE

WIDELY SPREAD OUT ON A GRID WITH HIGH SOLAR ENERGY

 PENETRATION. THIS STRENGTHENS THE SAFETY OF THE

GRID IN THE EVENT OF NATURAL OR HUMAN DISASTERS.

SOLAR ENERGY CREATES MANY JOB OPPORTUNITIES. THE

INSTALLATION OF THE PANELS ACCOUNTS FOR A

SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE EXPENSE ASSOCIATED WITH

SOLAR SYSTEMS. IT LEADS TO LOCAL JOB GROWTH. THE

USE OF SOLAR SYSTEMS IMPROVES THE ECONOMY AND

HAS A POSITIVE EFFECT ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY.

NARRATOR: FROM THE SUN, NOW, LET’S EXPLORE HOW WATER CAN BE

A SOURCE OF ENERGY.
 HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

SCENE 1: DEFINITION OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

NARRATOR: DID YOU KNOW THAT WATER CAN BE USED AS OUR

SOURCE OF ENERGY? HOW IS IT POSSIBLE? YOU WILL

LEARN MORE ABOUT THAT TODAY. LET’S START.

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NARRATOR: HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY ALSO CALLED HYDROELECTRIC

POWER IS ONE OF THE MOST SUSTAINABLE AND CLEAN

ENERGY SOURCE. IT IS A TYPE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

THAT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY USING THE POWER OF

MOVING WATER. TYPICALLY, HYDRO ENERGY IS CREATED

BY FLOWING WATER FROM ELEVATED TO LOWER LEVELS

WHICH THE WATER PASSED THROUGH THE DAMS WITHOUT

CONSIDERING WHETHER IRRIGATION IS NECESSARY OR

 NOT. HYDROPOWER IS THE RATE IN WHICH THE HYDRAULIC

ENERGY IS DERIVED FROM A PARTICULAR VOLUME OF

FALLING WATER BECAUSE OF BOTH SPEED AND POSITION.

MICRO HYDROPOWER REFERS TO ELECTRICAL POWER

FROM THE FLOWING WATER FORCE USED TO POWER A

HOUSEHOLD OR SMALL VILLAGE.

HYDROPOWER IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM

TURBINE-DRIVEN GENERATORS THAT TRANSFORM THE

POTENTIAL ENERGY OF FALLING OR FAST-FLOWING WATER

INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY). IN AREAS WITH HEAVY

RAINFALL AND WITH HILLY OR MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

THAT ARE RELATIVELY CLOSE TO THE MAIN LOAD

CENTERS, HYDROELECTRIC POWER IS A PREFERRED

ENERGY SOURCE.

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SCENE 2: HOW HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY WORKS?

NARRATOR: HOW DOES HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY WORKS? I’M SURE

YOU ARE CURIOUS ABOUT THAT.

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NARRATOR: IN ORDER TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY, HYDROPOWER

PLANTS CAPTURE THE STRENGTH OF FALLING WATER. A

TURBINE TRANSFORMS FALLING WATER'S KINETIC ENERGY

INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY. THEN A GENERATOR

TRANSFORMS THE TURBINE'S MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THERE ARE FOUR PARTS OF HYDRO

ELECTRIC PLANT INCLUDING THE DAM, TURBINE,

GENERATOR, AND TRANSMISSION LINE. IN ORDER TO

PRODUCE FALLING WATER, THE DAM INCREASES THE

WATER LEVEL OF THE RIVER. IT ALSO REGULATES WATER

FLOW. IN FACT, STORED ENERGY IS THE RESERVOIR THAT

IS PRODUCED. AFTERWARDS, THE FORCE OF FALLING

WATER PRESSING AGAINST THE BLADES OF THE TURBINE

INDUCES THE SPIN OF THE TURBINE AND THEN IT

TRANSFORMS FALLING WATER'S KINETIC ENERGY INTO

MECHANICAL ENERGY. WHEN THE TURBINE SPIN, THE

GENERATOR SPIN ALSO. THUS, THE MECHANICAL ENERGY

FROM THE TURBINE INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY. LASTLY, THE

TRANSMISSION LINES CARRIED THE ELECTRICITY FROM

THE HYDROPOWER PLANT TO HOMES AND BUSINESS.

THERE ARE FACTORS THAT THE HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS

DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT IT PRODUCES. THIS INCLUDES

THE HOW FAR THE WATER FALLS AND THE AMOUNT OF

 WATER FALLS. THE GREATER THE AMOUNT OF WATER FALL

INTO THE TURBINES, THE MORE IT PRODUCES POWER.

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SCENE 3: BENEFITS OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

NARRATOR: HYDROPOWER IS USED BECAUSE OF ITS RESILIENCE AND

STORAGE CAPACITY THAT ALLOWS GRID RELIABILITY TO BE

ENHANCED AND ANOTHER INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE

ENERGY RESOURCES SUCH AS WIND AND SOLAR, TO BE

DEPLOYED AND NOT ONLY OF ITS CLEAN AND RELIABLE

SOURCE OF ENERGY.

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NARRATOR: IN POORLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, SMALL SCALE HYDRO

POWER, OR MICRO HYDRO, IS ONE OF THE MOST

ECONOMICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES TO BE REGARDED

AS RURAL ELECTRIFICATION. THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING

A HYDROPOWER PLANT ARE THE POTENTIAL TO PROMOTE

 SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENHANCE THE

QUALITY OF LIFE. SIMILARLY, HYDROPOWER IS

PREDICTABLE, IT IS SIMPLE TO CHANGE SMALL START-UP

TIME AND PRODUCTION TIME, MORE EFFICIENT, LOW

OPERATING COSTS, LONG LASTING TECHNOLOGY AND HAS

NO EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT. RENEWABLE ENERGY

WILL HELP END THE EXISTING RELATIONSHIP THAT

CORRELATES ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH CARBON

EMISSIONS IN DEVELOPING AND EMERGING COUNTRIES

AND IT CAN BE USED BOTH TO OPERATE THE MACHINERY

OR TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. FOR A WELL-OPERATED

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, THE ENERGY

CONVERSION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY CAN BE ABOUT 85

PERCENT, WHILE THE SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FOR THERMAL

POWER PLANTS IS LESS THAN 50 PERCENT

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NARRATOR: I’M SURE YOUR MIND IS BOMBARDED WITH NEW

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES.

LET’S JUMP INTO THE NEXT SEGMENT OF OUR DISCUSSION

IN WHICH IT WILL DISCUSS WIND ENERGY.

 WIND ENERGY

SCENE 1: INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY

NARRATOR: DO YOU KNOW THAT WIND ENERGY IS ONE OF THE

FASTEST- GROWING ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD? BY

THE WAY, WHAT IS THIS WIND ENERGY? HOW THIS WORKS?

AND WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF IT IN OUR LIVES?

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NARRATOR: WIND ENERGY IS ONE OF THE RENEWABLE SOURCES THAT

HELP OUR ENVIRONMENT TO REDUCE THE USE OF OTHER

POWER PLANTS. IT ONE OF THE CLEAREST AND SAFEST

METHODS OF GENERATING RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY.

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WIND TURBINES TAKE THE WIND’S KINETIC ENERGY AND

CONVERT IT INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY. FOR EXAMPLE,

WIND MILLS PRODUCE MECHANICAL ENERGY, ENABLE

SAILS TO MOVE BOATS AND GENERATE ELECTRICITY. WIND

FARMS CAN BE CREATED TO TRAP WIND ENERGY BY

PLACING MULTIPLE WIND TURBINES IN THE SAME LOCATION

FOR THE PURPOSE OF GENERATING LARGE AMOUNTS OF

ELECTRIC POWER.

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SCENE 3: HOW WIND ENERGY WORKS?

NARRATOR: SO HOW DOES IT WORKS?

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NARRATOR: FIRST, THE WIND PASSES OVER THE BLADES AND MAKES

THEM TURN INTO KINETIC ENERGY. SECOND, THE BLADES

TURN A SHIFT WITHIN THE NACELLE (THE BOX AT THE TOP

 OF TURBINE). THIRD, THE SHAFT TURNS A GENERATOR

WHICH CONVERTS THE KINETIC ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL

ENERGY. FOURTH, A TRANSFORMER CONVERTS THE

ELECTRICITY TO THE RIGHT VOLTAGE FOR THE LOCAL

NETWORK. LASTLY, THE ELECTRICITY IS EXPORTED TO THE

ELECTRICITY GRID.

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SCENE 4: BENEFITS OF WIND ENERGY

NARRATOR: THIS WIND ENERGY MAKES OUR LIFESTYLE TO BECOME

BETTER BECAUSE THE WIND TURBINES DO NOT CONSUME

WATER.

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NARRATOR: MOST ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS REQUIRE WATER TO

OPERATE, BUT PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM THE WIND

DOES NOT REQUIRE WATER.

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NARRATOR: ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY WIND TURBINES DOES NOT

POLLUTE THE WATER WE DRINK OR THE AIR WE BREATHE,

SO WIND ENERGY MEANS LESS SMOG, LESS ACID RAIN,

AND FEWER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.

NARRATOR: IT IS UNLIMITED, FREE, RENEWABLE RESOURCE, ECONONIC

VALUE, MAINTENANCE COST, AND PLACEMENT OF WIND

HARVESTING FACILITIES. THIS WIND ENERGY IS FAR MORE

ECO-FRIENDLY THAN THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR

ELECTRICITY.

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NARRATOR: WINDMILLS HAVE BEEN IN USE SINCE 200 B.C AND WERE

FIRST DEVELOPED IN PERSIA AND CHINA. ANCIENT

MARINES SAILED TO DISTANT LANDS BY MAKING USE OF

 WINDS. AND TODAY THE MOST POPULAR USE OF WIND

ENERGY IS CONVERTING IT TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO

MEET THE CRITICAL ENERGY NEEDS OF THE PLANET.

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

SCENE 1: INTRODUCTION TO GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

NARRATOR: IF YOU WERE TO DIG A GIANT HOLE STRAIGHT DOWN INTO

THE WORLD, YOU’D NOTICE THE TEMPERATURE GETTING

WARMER THE DEEPER YOU GO. THAT’S BECAUSE THE

WITHIN OF THE WORLD IS STUFFED WITH HEAT. AND WE

CAN GET ELECTRICITY THROUGH THE GEOTHERMAL

POWER PLANT CALLED GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.

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NARRATOR: THERE ARE TWO SYSTEM TO GENERATE GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY WHICH ARE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS THAT

USE HEAT FROM DEEP INSIDE THE WORLD TO GET STEAM

 TO FORM ELECTRICITY AND THE GEOTHERMAL HEAT

PUMPS TAP INTO HEAT NEAR THE SURFACE TO HEAT

WATER OR PROVIDE HEAT FOR BUILDINGS.

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NARRATOR: HOW DOES THE GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS WORK?

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FIRST, THE WATER OR A REFRIGERANT MOVES THROUGH A

LOOP OF PIPES. SECOND, WHEN THE WEATHER IS COLD,

THE WATER OR REFIGERANT HEATS UP AS IT TRAVELS

THROUGH THE PART OF THE LOOP THAT’S BURIED

UNDERGROUND. THIRD, ONCE IT GETS BACK ABOVE

GROUND, THE WARMED WATER OR REFRIGERANT

TRANSFERS HEAT INTO BUILDING. FOURTH, ONCE WATER

OR REFRIGERANT COOLS DOWN AFTER ITS HEAT IS

TRANSFERRED. IT IS PUMPED BACK UNDERGROUND WHERE

IT HEATS UP ONCE MORE, STARTING THE PROCESS AGAIN.

 AND LASTLY, ON A HOT DAY, THE SYSTEM CAN RUN IN

REVERSE. THE WATER OR REFRIGERANT COOLS THE

BUILDING AND THEN IS PUMPED UNDERGROUND WHERE

EXTRA HEAT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE GROUND.

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NARRATOR: ON THE OTHER HAND, THE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

WORKS WHEN HOT WATER IS PUMPED FROM DEEP

UNDERGROUND THROUGH A WELL UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.

AFTER THAT WHEN THE WATER REACHES THE SURFACE,

THE PRESSUEE IS DROPPED, WHICH CAUSES THE WATER

TO TURN INTO STEAM. THEN THE STEAM SPINS A TURBINE,

WHICH OS CONNECTED TO A GENERATOE THAT PRODUCES

ELECTRICITY. THE STEAM COOLS OFF IN A COOLING TOWER

AND CONDENCES BACK TO WATER. LASTLY, THE COOLED

WATER IS PUMPED BACK ONTO THE EARTH TO BEGIN THE

PROCESS AGAIN.

NARRATOR: THERE ARE SEVERAL ATTRIBUTES THAT USING

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY MAKE IT A GOOD SOURCE OF

ENERGY.
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NARRATOR: THIS ENERGY IS CLEAN BECAUSE IT CAN BE EXTRACTED

WITHOUT BURNING A FOSSIL FUEL SUCH AS COAL, GAS OR

OIL. WITHOUT PURCHASING FUEL, GEOTHERMAL

RESOURCES CAN BE USED FOR RENEWABLE POWER

BECAUSE ENERGY IS ALREADY COVERED WORLDWIDE, AND

IT IS ONE THAT PEOPLE NEED IN THEIR DAILY ACTIVITIES.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS AVAILABLE 24 HOURS A DAY, 365

DAYS A YEAR. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS HAVE

AVERAGE AVAILABILITIES OF 90% OR HIGHER, COMPARED

TO ABOUT 75% FOR COAL PLANTS. AND LASTLY,

GEOTHERMAL POWER IS HOMEGROWN, REDUCING OUR

INDEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL.

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NARRATOR: THERE YOU HAVE IT! YOU’VE LEARNED THE FACTS BEHIND

WIND AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. NOW LET’S PROCEED TO

BIOMASS ENERGY
 BIOMASS ENERGY

SCENE 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOMASS ENERGY

NARRATOR: THERE ARE SEVERAL RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE

SOURCES OF ENERGY BUT ONLY ONE IS ENTITLED TO

BEING THE ORIGINAL RENEWABLE ENERGY. IT IS

CONNECTED TO ALMOST ALL THINGS AROUND US. BIOMASS

IS THE ORIGINAL RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY THAT IS

ALREADY PREVALENT SINCE OUR ANCESTOR LEARNED TO

CONTROL FIRE IN FACT, IT MADE POSSIBLE BY THE SUN

WHOSE ENERGY IS ABSORB BY TREES AND PLANTS AND

THEN RELEASE WHEN THE ORGANIC MATTER IS BURN OR

DECOMPOSES. THE ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT IS A

PROCESS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

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NARRATOR: WOOD, CROPS, YARD, AND EVEN ANIMAL WASTE. THESE

ARE THE MOST COMMON BIOMASS MATERIALS USED FOR

GENERATING ENERGY. THESE ARE CALLED FEEDSTOCKS

FOR BIOMASS.

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NARRATOR: ARE YOU WONDERING ON HOW CAN WE OBTAIN ENERGY

FROM WASTE MATERIALS? WE WILL DIG DEEPER ABOUT

THAT QUESTION ON THIS SECTION. LET’S GO.

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NARRATOR: BIOMASS ENERGY CAN BE OBTAINED BY BURNING WOODS.

WHEN WE BURN WOOD IN A FIREPLACE, YOU CAN GET

BIOMASS IN A FORM OF HEAT. THIS IS A PROCESS WHICH IS

ALSO KNOWN AS COMBUSTION.

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NARRATOR: WE ALSO OBTAIN BIOMASS ENERGY USING A

FERMENTATION PROCESS. WHEN SUGAR IS CONVERTED TO

ALCOHOL SEALED IN CONTAINERS UNDER BACTERIAL

ACTIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, WE CAN GET

BIOFUELS IN THE FORM OF ETHANOL.

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NARRATOR: SOME OF US MAY NOT KNOW THE BENEFITS OF BIOMASS

ENERGY BUT NOW I WILL TELL YOU SOME OF THEM.

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NARRATOR: BIOMASS ENERGY IS A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY

WHICH MEANS WE CAN USE IT AGAIN AND AGAIN. IT IS AN

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SOURCE OF ENERGY. IT

DOESN'T PRODUCE POLLUTANT GASES LIKE NITROGEN

DIOXIDE. IT CAN BE USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO

PETROLEUM, WE CAN RUN OUR CARS BY JUST USING

BIOMASS ENERGY. IT ONLY REQUIRES LITTLE INITIAL

 INVESTMENT AND LASTLY, BIOMASS IS AVAILABLE

THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

NARRATOR: BIOMASS ENERGY IS SOMETHING BIGGER THAN WE

EXPECTED. IT DOESN'T ONLY EXIST BUT EXISTS WITH

REASONS AND GOOD BENEFITS FOR US. ASIDE FROM

BIOMASS ENERGY, THERE IS ALSO RENEWABLE ENERGY

CALLED TIDAL ENERGY.

TIDAL ENERGY

SCENE 1: INTRODUCTION TO TIDAL ENERGY

NARRATOR: THIS IS THE LAST PART OF OUR SEGMENT. I HOPE YOU ARE

THERE LISTENING TO ME. OK?

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NARRATOR: TIDAL ENERGY IS RENEWABLE ENERGY CREATED BY THE

RISE AND FALL OF OCEAN TIDE AND CURRENT. WHEREIN

THE INTENSITY OF THE WATER CREATED BY THE RISE AND

FALL OF TIDES IS A FORM OF KINETIC ENERGY.

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NARRATOR: TIDAL ENERGY ALSO HAVE PROCESSES BEFORE IT

BECOMES ELECTRICITY. STAY THERE AND I WILL

ENUMERATE IT TO YOU.

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NARRATOR: WELL, TIDAL ENERGY IS CREATED WITH THE USE OF TIDAL

ENERGY GENERATORS CALLED UNDERWATER TURBINES.

THESE TURBINES ARE BEING PLACED IN AREAS WITH HIGH

TIDAL MOVEMENTS THAT ALLOW THEM TO CAPTURE THE

KINETIC MOTION OF THE EBBING AND SURGING OF THE

OCEAN TIDES WHICH ENABLE THEM TO CREATE

ELECTRICITY.

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NARRATOR: WELL, TIDAL ENERGY DAWNED MANY BENEFITS TO

MANKIND AND NATURE. WHAT ARE THOSE? HERE IT COMES.

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NARRATOR: TIDAL ENERGY OFFERS BENEFITS SINCE TIDES ARE EASILY

PREDICTABLE SO IT IS EASY TO KNOW WHERE TO PUT

UNDERWATER TURBINES AND CAPTURE KINETIC MOTION. IT

IS ALSO A RELIABLE AND RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY.

WHICH DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO MAKING GREENHOUSE

GASSES AND OTHER WASTE. TIDAL TURBINES ARE OVER

80% EFFICIENT, WHICH IS HIGHER COMPARED TO WIND

ENERGY GENERATORS AND BARRAGES REDUCE THE

DAMAGE OF HIGH TIDAL SURGES ON THE LAND. TIDAL

ENERGY IS IMPORTANT MAINLY BECAUSE IT IS A NON-

POLLUTING, RELIABLE SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

AND PREDICTABLE MAKING IT EASIER TO CREATE

ELECTRICITY.

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NARRATOR: GUYS, I HOPE YOU LEARNED A LOT FROM THE TOPICS THAT

WE DISCUSS. LET US ADVOCATE RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCES IN ORDER TO SAVE OUR PLANET. THANK YOU.