Population growth :

Absolute increase in global human population per year

Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Global
human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global
population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9 billion in 2020. The UN projected population to keep
growing, and estimates have put the total population at 8.6 billion by mid-2030, 9.8 billion by mid-2050 and
11.2 billion by 2100. However, some academics outside the UN have increasingly developed human
population models that account for additional downward pressures on population growth; in such a scenario
population would peak before 2100.

World human population has been growing since the end of the Black Death, around the year
1350. A mix of technological advancement that improved agricultural productivity and sanitation and
medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has
slowed through the process called the demographic transition, where many nations with high standards of
living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This is in direct contrast with less developed
contexts, where population growth is still happening. Globally, the rate of population growth has declined
from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963. The global human population is projected to peak during the mid-21st
century and decline by 2100.

Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns, such

as biodiversity loss and climate change, due to resources utilised in human development.[10] International
policy focused on mitigating the impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable
Development Goals which seek to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of
society on the environment.

Population[11]
Pop.
Year
Years (billions)
passed

– 1800 1

127 1927 2

33 1960 3
 14 1974 4

13 1987 5

12 1999 6

12 2011 7

12 2023* 8

14 2037* 9

18 2055* 10

33 2088* 11

*World Population Prospects 2017

(United Nations Population Division)

Contents :

 1History
o 1.1Haber process
o 1.2Thomas McKeown hypotheses
 2Growth rate models
o 2.1Logistic equation
 3Population growth rate
 4Growth by country
 5Future population
 6See also
 7References
 8External links

World human population estimates from 1800 to 2100, with estimated range of future population
after 2020 based on "high" and "low" scenarios. Data from the United Nations projections in 2019.

World population has been rising continuously since the end of the Black Death, around the year
1350. Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution. The most
significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical
advancements and increases in agricultural productivity.

Haber process :

Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process, named after one of
its inventors, the German chemist Fritz Haber, served as the "detonator of the population explosion",
enabling the global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019.

Thomas McKeown hypotheses :

Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population" were particularly investigated by the British health
scientist Thomas McKeown (1912-1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the
population growth:

1. McKeown stated that the growth in Western population, particularly surging in the 19th century, was
not so much caused by an increase in fertility, but largely by a decline of mortality particularly of
childhood mortality followed by infant mortality,
2. The decline of mortality could largely be attributed to rising standards of living, whereby McKeown
put most emphasis on improved nutritional status,
3. His most controversial idea, or at least his most disputed idea, was that he questioned the
effectiveness of public health measures, including sanitary reforms, vaccination and quarantine,[18]
4. The sometimes fierce disputes that his publication provoked around the "McKeown thesis" have
overshadowed his more important and largely unchallenged argument that curative
medicine measures played little role in mortality decline, not only prior to the mid-20th century but
also until well into the 20th century.

Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his
ideas.[ His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and
medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists
and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered
McKeown as "the founder of social medicine".
Growth rate models :

The "population growth rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases
in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate
refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of
individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for a
sufficiently small time interval:

A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates
that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of
individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are
significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the
two times.

A related measure is the net reproduction rate. In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of
more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than
one (sub-replacement fertility) indicates that the population of females is decreasing.

Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model. Once the population
has reached its carrying capacity, it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the
carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources. In the
world human population, growth has been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades.

The logistic growth of a population.

Logistic equation[edit]

The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation

where

  = the population after time t;

  = time a population grows;

  = the relative growth rate coefficient;

  = the carrying capacity of the population; defined by ecologists as the maximum

population size that a particular environment can sustain.[23]

As it is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing

a logistic function:

where   and   is the initial population at time 0.

Population growth rate[edit]

Further information: Total fertility rate, Estimates of historical world population, and Population

dynamics

See also: Human overpopulation and Overshoot (population)

A world map showing global variations in fertility rate per woman according to the CIA
World Factbook's 2016 data

  7–8   5–6   3–4   1–2

children children children children
  6–7   4–5   2–3   0–1
children children children children
 Estimates of population evolution in different continents between 1950 and 2050 according
to the United Nations. The vertical axis is logarithmic and is in millions of people. (2011)

World population growth rates between 1950 and 2050

The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined.
 In 2017, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.[25] The CIA World Factbook gives the
[8]

world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively.
[26]
 The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical
advances, lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by
the Green Revolution.[27]

The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly
declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the
human population increased by 83 million.[25] Generally, developed nations have seen a decline
in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some
countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia,
and Latin America.[28]

In some countries the population is declining, especially in Eastern Europe, mainly due to

low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to
the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience
population decline.[29] Japan's population began decreasing in 2005.[30]

The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by the

end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global
population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. [9] A 2014 study
in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance
of continued growth into the 22nd century.[31][32] The German Foundation for World
Population reported in December 2019 that the global human population grows by 2.6 people
every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023.[33][34]

Growth by country[edit]

Main article: List of countries by population growth rate

According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or

1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010.[35] In number of people the increase was highest in
India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in
the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%).[35]

Growth rates of the world's most populous countries

Population Annual Growth (%)

Rank Country
2020 (est.) 1990– 2010–
1990 2010 [36]
2010 2020

6,895,889,00
World 5,306,425,000 7,503,828,180 1.3% 0.8%
0

1,341,335,00
1 1,139,060,000 1,384,688,986 0.8% 0.3%
 China 0

1,224,614,00
2 873,785,000 1,296,834,042 1.7% 0.6%
 India 0

3 253,339,000 310,384,000 329,256,465 1.0% 0.6%

 Unite
Growth rates of the world's most populous countries

Population Annual Growth (%)

Rank Country
2020 (est.) 1990– 2010–
1990 2010 [36]
2010 2020

d States

4  Indon 184,346,000 239,871,000 262,787,403 1.3% 0.9%

esia

5 149,650,000 194,946,000 208,846,892 1.3% 0.7%

 Brazil

6  Pakist 111,845,000 173,593,000 207,862,518 2.2% 1.8%

an

7  Nigeri 97,552,000 158,423,000 203,452,505 2.5% 2.5%

a

8  Bangl 105,256,000 148,692,000 159,453,001 1.7% 0.7%

adesh

9 148,244,000 142,958,000 142,122,776 -0.2% −0.1%

 Russia

10 122,251,000 128,057,000 126,168,156 0.2% −0.1%

 Japan
Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South
Asia and South East Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War.
The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food
supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For
example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in
2009,[37] further straining its resources. Vietnam, Mexico, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, and
the DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population.

The following table gives some example countries or territories:

Population in Total
popul
Life ation
expec growt
tancy h
Country/
in from
territory
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008 years 1960
(2008 s
) to
2007-
2011

 Eri N/A* 3,437,000[38 2,236,5

N/A* 4,298,269 5,673,520[39] 61[40]
trea*
]
20

 Et 23,457,0 50,974,00 54,939,000[ 67,673,031 55,764,

79,221,000[43] 55[40]
hiopia* 00*[41] 0* [42] 38]
(2003) 000

 Su 14,355,0 25,204,00 27,361,000 38,114,160 42,272,000†[3 27,917,

50†[40]
dan 00†[41] 0† [42] †[38] (2003)† 9]
000

3,410,00 5,679,000 6,183,000[38 9,253,493( 10,329,208 6,919,2

 Ch 47[40]
0[41] [42] ]
2003) (2009)[37] 05
ad
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
3,546,00 7,732,000 8,846,000[38 10,790,352 15,306,252 11,760,
 Nig 44[40]
0[41] [42] ]
(2001) (2009)[44] 252
er

 Ni 61,450,0 88,500,00 108,467,00 129,934,91 158,259,000[3 96,809,

47[40]
geria 00[41] 0[42] 0[38] 1 9]
000

4,745,00 8,156,000 10,462,000[ 14,517,176(2 9,772,1

 M 11,340,480 50[40]
0[41] [42] 38]
010)[45] 76
ali

1,050,00 2,025,000  2,211,000[38 2,667,859 3,291,000 2,241,0

 M 54[40]
0[41] [42] ]
(2003) (2009)[37] 00
auritania

3,607,00 7,327,000 8,102,000[38 13,711,597 10,104,

 Se 9,967,215 57[40]
0[41] [42] ]
(2009)[46] 597
negal

343,000[ 861,000[42 1,081,000[38 1,367,124 1,362,0

 Ga 1,705,000[39] 55[40]
41] ] ]
(2000) 00
mbia

11,833,1
25,012,00 27,325,000  32,818,500 34,895,000[43] 23,061,
 Al 26 74[40]
0[42] [38]
(2003) [47]
874
geria (1966) [41]

16,353,0 35,562,00 42,552,000[ 55,225,478 70,916,439 [43 54,563,

 The 54[40]
00[41] 0[42] 38]
(2003) ][48]
439
DRC/Zaire
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
30,083,4
53,153,00 58,326,000[ 70,712,345 79,089,650 [43 49,006,
 Eg 19 72[40]
0[42] 38]
(2003) ][49]
231
ypt (1966) [41]

 Ré
union 418,000[ 720,934 827,000 409,00
N/A[42] N/A[38] N/A[40]
(overseas 41]
(2003) (2009) [39] 0
region of
France)

 Fal
kland
Islands 2,967 3,140(2010)
2,500[41] N/A[42] N/A[38] N/A[40] 640
(British (2003) [50]

Overseas
Territory)

8,935,50 13,173,00 13,994,000[ 17,224,200 8,288,7

 Ch 15,116,435 77[40]
0[41] 0[42] 38]
(2011) 00
ile

19,191,0 32,987,00 34,520,000[ 45,925,397 26,734,

 Co 41,088,227 73[40]
00[41] 0[42] 38]
(2010)[51] 397
lombia

85,655,0 150,368,0 153,725,00 174,468,57 190,732,694 105,07

 Br 72[40]
00[41] 00[42] 0[38] 5 (2000) (2010) [52] 7,694
azil
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h

 M 45,671,0 86,154,00 93,008,000[ 103,400,16 112,322,757 66,651,

76[40]
exico 00[41] 0[42] 38]
5 (2000) (2010)[53] 757

 Fij 476,727 765,000[42 844,330 849,000[47] (2 372,27

771,000[38] 70[40]
i (1966)[41] ]
(2001) 010) 3

 Na 6,050 10,000[42] N/A[38] 12,329

9,322 (2011)
N/A[40] 3,272
uru (1966) [41] [54]

 Ja 1,876,00 2,420,000 2,429,000[38 2,695,867 2,847,232[55] 971,23

74[40]
maica 0[41] [42] ]
(2003) (2010) 2

11,540,7
 Au 64 17,086,00 17,843,000[ 19,546,792 26,310,893[56]  10,066,
82[40]
stralia 0[42] 38]
(2003) (2010) 508
(1964) [41]

1,965,50 2,986,952
3,250,000 3,414,000[38 1,021,4
 Al 0 (1964) 3,510,484 (July 2010 78[40]
[42] ]
52
bania [41]
est.)[37][57]

 Po 31,944,0 38,180,00 38,554,000[ 38,626,349 38,192,000 6,248,0

75[40]
00[41] 0[42] 38]
(2001) (2010)[58] 00
land

10,212,0 10,553,00 10,261,000[ 10,106,017 9,979,000 73[40] -

 Hu
00[41] 0[42] 38]
(2010)[59] 142,00
ngary
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
0

8,226,56 -
 Bu 4 (1965) 8,980,000 8,443,000[38 7,707,495( 7,351,234
73[40] 875,33
[42] ]
2000) (2011) [60]
lgaria [41]
0

 Un 55,068,0 57,411,00 58,091,000[ 62,008,048 7,020,0

ited 00 58,789,194 79[40]
0[42] 38]
(2010)[61] 48
Kingdom (1966) [41]

2,884,00
 Ire 3,503,000 3,571,000[38 3,840,838 4,470,700[62] ( 1,586,6
2 (1966) 78[40]
land
[42] ]
(2000) 2010) 98
[41]

 Pe
720,000, 1,139,060 1,208,841,0 1,286,975, 1,339,724,85 619,72
ople's 73[40]
000[41] ,000[42] 00[38] 468 (2004) 2 (2010)[63] 4,852
Republic
of China

98,274,9
123,537,0 124,961,00 127,333,00 127,420,000 28,123,
 Ja 61 82[40]
00[42] 0[38] 2 (2010)[64] 865
pan‡ (1965) [41]

511,115, 843,931,0 918,570,00 1,028,610, 1,210,193,42 699,07

 In 69[40]
000[41] 00[42] 0[38] 328 (2001) 2 (2011)[65] 8,422
dia#
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
1,956,00 82
3,003,000 2,930,000 4,452,732 5,076,700 3,120,7
 Si 0 (1967) (2008)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2002) (2010)[66] 00
ngapore [41] [40]

24,000 29,000 N/A (1994) 31,842 35,586[67] (20 (2008)

 Mo 11,586
(1967)[41] (1990) [42] [38]
(2000) 10) [40]
naco

8,716,00 10,123,00 N/A

10,426,000 10,964,020 11,305,118 2,589,1
 Gr 0 (1967) 0 (2008)
(1994)[38] (2001)[68] (2011)[69] 18
eece [41]
(1990)  [42] [40]

 Far
N/A
oe Islands 38,000 N/A N/A (1994) 46,345 48,917
(2008) 18,917
(Danish (1967)[41] (1990) [42] [38]
(2000) (2010) [70] [40]
dependenc
y)

20,000 29,000 N/A (1994) 33,307 35,789 (2008)

 Li 15,789
(2000)
echtenstein (1967) (1990) [42] (2009)[71]
[41] [38] [40]

29,207,8 42,793,00
44,453,000 48,324,000 48,875,000 (2008) 19,667,
 So 56 0
(1994)[38] (2003) (2010) [72] [40]
144
uth Korea (1966)[41] (1990) [42]

12,700,0 21,773,00 23,483,000 22,224,195 24,051,218 (2008) 11,351,

 No
00 0 (1994)[38] (2002) (2010)[73] [40]
218
rth Korea
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
(1967) [41]
(1990)  [42]

76
 Br 107,200 266,000 280,000 332,844 401,890 306,60
(2008)
unei (1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2001) (2011)[74] [40]
9

10,671,0 17,861,00
 M 19,489,000 21,793,293 27,565,821 (2008) 16,894,
00 0
alaysia (1994)[38] (2002) (2010)[75] [40]
821
(1967) [41]
(1990)  [42]

32,680,0 57,196,00
59,396,000 60,606,947 63,878,267 (2008) 31,198,
 Th 00 0
(1994)[38] (2000)[76] (2011)[77] [40]
267
ailand (1967)[41] (1990) [42]

2,520,00
2,701,000 2,915,000 3,727,703[7 4,224,000[39] ( - (2008)
 Le 0 (1967)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38]  (2003)
8]
2009) [40]
banon [41]

5,600,00 12,116,00
13,844,000 17,585,540 22,457,763 -(2008)
 Sy 0 (1967) 0
(1994)[38] (2003) (2011)[79] [40]
ria [41]
(1990)  [42]

75
182,00 503,000 549,000 667,238 1,234,596[80] (
 Ba (2008)
(1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2003) 2010)
hrain [40]

11,741,0 16,993,00 17,685,000 19,607,519 20,238,000[47]  - (2008)

 Sri
00 0 (1994)[38] (2002) (2009) [40]

(1967)[41] (1990) [42]
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
Lanka

6,050,00
6.712,000 6,994,000 7,261,200 7,866,500[81] ( - (2008)
 Swi 0 (1967)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2002) 2010) [40]
tzerland [41]

335,000 381,000 401,000 439,539 511,840 - (2008)

 Lu
(1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2001) (2011)[82] [40]
xembourg

19,105,0 23,200,00
22,736,000 21,680,974 21,466,174[83]  - (2008)
 Ro 56 0 (1990)
(1994)[38] (2002) (2011) [40]
mania (1966) [41] [42]

 Ni
ue N/A
(associated 1,900 N/A N/A (1994) 2,134 1,398 (2009)
(2008) -502
state of (1966)[41] (1990)[42] [38]
(2002) [84]
[40]

New
Zealand)

 To
kelau N/A
5,194 N/A N/A (1994) 1,445
(New 1,416 (2009) (2008) -3,778
(1966)[41] (1990)[42] [38]
(2001) [40]
Zealand
territory)

1,876,00 2,420,000 2,429,000 2,695,867 2,847,232[55] ( 74 971,23

 Ja
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
0 (1967) (2008)
maica (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2003) 2010) 2
[41] [40]

32,031,0 32,322,00 74
34,180,000 37,812,817 40,091,359 8,060,3
 Ar 00 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2002) (2010) 59
gentina (1967) [41] [42] [40]

49,890,6 56,440,00 81
57,747,000 59,551,000 63,136,180
 Fr 60 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2001) (2011)[85]
ance (1967)[41] [42] [40]

52,334,0 57,662,00 80
57,193,000 56,995,744 60,605,053[86] 
 Ita 00 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2002) (2011)
ly (1967)[41] [42] [40]

75
774,000 1,075,000 1,104,000 1,179,137 1,288,000 514,00
 M (2008)
(1967)[41] (1990)[42] (1994)[38] (2000) (2009)[47] 0
auritius [40]

4,717,00 70
9,197,000 10,322,000 12,974,361 13,276,517 8,559,5
 Gu 0 (1967) (2008)
(1990)[42] (1994)[38] (2000) (2009) 17
atemala [41] [40]

8,033,00 10,609,00 77
 Cu 0 (1967) 10,960,000 11,177,743 11,239,363
0 (1990) (2008)
ba (1994)[38] (2002) (2009)[87]
[41] [42] [40]

246,000 255,000 261,000 250,012 284,589 73 18,589

 Ba
(1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2001) (2010)[37] (2008)
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
rbados [40]

N/A
 Sa 131,377 164,000 164,000 178,173 179,000
(2008)
moa (1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2003) (2009)[39] [40]

7,765,98 81
8,559,000 8,794,000 8,920,705 9,354,462
 Sw 1 (1967) (2008)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2002) (2009)
eden [41] [40]

4,664,00 N/A
4,986,000 5,095,000 5,175,783 5,374,781
 Fi 0 (1967) (2008)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2002) (2010)
nland [41] [40]

9,440,00 10,525,00 N/A

9,830,000 10,355,824 10,647,763[88] 
 Po 0 (1967) 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2001) (2011)
rtugal [41] [42] [40]

7,323,98 N/A
7,712,000 8,031,000 8,032,926 8,404,252
 Au 1 (1967) (2008)
(1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2001) (2011)
stria [41] [40]

1,738,00 77
 Li 4,545,000 5,225,000(1 5,499,074 6,420,000
0 (1967) (2008)
bya (1990)[42] 994)[38] (2002) (2009)[39]
[41] [40]

12,385,0 21,550,00 23,080,000( 27,949,639 29,496,000 70

 Pe
00 0 (1990) 1994)[38] (2002) (2010) (2008)
(1967)[41] [42] [40]
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
ru

 Gu 528,000 48
965,000 1,050,000 1,345,479 1,647,000[39] (
inea (2008)
(1967)[41] (1990) [42] (1994)[38] (2002) 2009) [40]
Bissau

5,203,06 10,020,00 38
10,674,000 10,766,500 18,498,000[47]
 An 6 (1967) 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2003)  (2009)
[89]
gola [41] [42] [40]

61
 Eq 277,000 348,000 389,000 474,214 676,000
(2008)
uatorial (1967)[41] (1990)[42] (1994)[38] (2000) (2009)[47] [40]
Guinea

2,505,00 59
4,736,000 5,246,000 8,500,500 8,791,832
 Be 0 (1967) (2008)
(1990)[42] (1994)[38] (2002) (2009)
nin [41] [40]

2,770,00 56
4,139,000 4,742,000 5,635,967 6,800,000[90] (
 La 0 (1967) (2008)
(1990)[42] (1994)[38] (2002) 2011)
os [41] [40]

10,500,0 18,961,00
21,360,000 25,284,463 29,331,000[47]  - (2008)
 Nep 00 0 (1990)
(1994)[38] (2002) (2009) [40]
al (1967)[41] [42]

25,781,0 54,608,00 59,778,000 66,622,704 75,330,000 71 49,548,

 Ira
 Population in Life Total
Country/ expec popul
territory tancy ation
1967 1990 1994 2002 2008
in growt
years h
90 0 (1990) (2008)
n (1994)[38] (2002) (2010)[91] 910
(1966)[41] [42] [40]

20,014,8 26,603,00 81
 Ca 29,248,000( 31,081,900 32,623,490
80 0 (1990) (2008)
nada 1994)[38] (2001) (2011)[92]
(1966)[41] [42] [40]

199,118, 249,995,0 78
 Un 000 260,650,00( 281,421,90 308,745,538
00 (1990) (2008)
ited States (1967)[41] [42] 1994)[38] 6 (2000) (2010)[93] [40]

7,931,00 18,795,00 52
20,621,000 24,227,297 32,369,558
 Ug 0 (1967) 0 (1990) (2008)
(1994)[38] (2002) (2009)
anda [41] [42] [40]

Notes
* Eritrea left Ethiopia in 1991.
† Split into the nations of Sudan and South Sudan during 2011.
‡ Japan and the Ryukyu Islands merged in 1972.
# India and Sikkim merged in 1975.

Population growth 1990–2012 (%)[94]

Africa 73.3%

Middle East 68.2%

Asia (excl. China) 42.8%

 China 19.0%

OECD Americas 27.9%

Non-OECD Americas 36.6%

OECD Europe 11.5%

OECD Asia Oceania 11.1%

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia -0.8%

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The
capital, Dhaka, bustles around Nilkhet Mor.

Future population[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Projections of population growth.[edit]

World population growth 1700–2100

Population projections are attempts to show how the human population statistics

might change in the future.[95] These projections are an important input
to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-
being.[96] Models of population growth take trends in human development, and
apply projections into the future.[97] These models use trend-based-assumptions
about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces
to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality, and thus population
growth.[97]

The 2019 projections from the United Nations Population Division show that
annual world population growth peaked at 2.1% in 1968, has since dropped to
1.1%, and could drop even further to 0.1% by 2100, which would be a growth
rate not seen since pre-industrial revolution days.[98] Based on this, the UN
Population Division projects the world population, which is 7.8 billion as of
2020, to level out around 2100 at 10.9 billion (the median line),[99][100] assuming a
continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per
woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.9 in 2095–2100, according to the
medium-variant projection.[101] A 2014 projection has the population continuing
to grow into the next century.[102]

However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative
models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful
implementation of education and family planning goals in the Sustainable
Development Goals) which could result in peak population during the 2060-
2070 period rather than later.[97][103]

According to the UN, about two-thirds of the predicted growth in population

between 2020 and 2050 will take place in Africa.[104] It is projected that 50% of
births in the 5-year period 2095-2100 will be in Africa.[105] Other organizations
project lower levels of population growth in Africa based particularly on
improvement in women's education and successfully implementing family
planning.[106]

By 2100, the UN projects the population in Sub-Saharan Africa will reach 3.8

billion, IHME projects 3.1 billion, and IIASA is the lowest at 2.6 billion. In
contrast to the UN projections, the models of fertility developed by IHME and
IIASA incorporate women's educational attainment, and in the case of IHME,
also assume successful implementation of family planning.[107]
 World population prospects, 2022

Because of population momentum the global population will continue to grow,

although at a steadily slower rate, for the remainder of this century, but the main
driver of long-term future population growth will be the evolution of the global
average fertility rate.[101]

Estimated size of human population from 10,000 BCE to 2000 CE.

The majority of world population growth today is occurring in less

developed countries.

See also[edit]

 List of countries by population growth rate

 Demographic history
 Demographic transition
 Density dependence
 Epidemiological transition
 Human population planning
 Irruptive growth
 Population decline
 Population density
 World population
 Estimates of historical world population

References[edit]

1. ^ "Absolute increase in global population per