NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY

Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
General Santos Drive, City of Koronadal 9506

LESSON NOTES
Week 1: Phonology

References:
 International Phonetics Alphabet. (n.d.). IPA chart. IPA Chart. https://www.ipachart.com/.

INTERNATIONAL PHONETICS ALPHABET (IPA)

Note: The symbol double back slash (//) is called virgule. All sounds are placed inside the virgules to
represents how words are to be read based on its transcription.

Vowels- these are vowel sounds used in English language.

/i/ - lead, read, feel, deal, heel, team, keen
/ɪ/ - lid, rid, fill, dill, hill, Tim, kin, sin, tin, live
/e/ - mate, bait, Kate, rate, date, late, fate
/Ɛ/ - met, bet, kept, rent, dent, Lent,
/æ/ - bad, lad, Pam, cam, carry, Barry
/a/ - bard, lard, palm, calm, car, bar
/Ɔ/ - saw, law, raw, lawn, drawn,
/O/ - so, low, row, lone, drone, close
/U/ - fool, pool, womb, food, Luke, tooth, shoot
/u/ - full, pull, woman, took, should
/Ə/ - mud, nut, but, must, bust, bus, Russ

Dipthongs- are combinations of two vowel sounds.

/aɪ/ - buy, bite, dine, time, grind, mice
/au/ - bough, bout, down, town, gown, pound, mouse
/ƆI/ - boy, boil, Doyle, toy, oil, groin, point, moist

Consonants- these are sample words and their consonant sounds

/b/ - baby, best, buy, bring
/s/ - center, cellar, cigarette, cinema,
/k/ - cake, come, cucumber, clean, cry,
/d/ - day, dear, die, door, duty, admire
/f/ - fast, female, five, forest, fund, fry
/g/ - game, gap, get, go, gun, global
/h/ - hair, help, history, home, hunt
/dǯ/- jacket. jar, jaguar
/k/ - Kate, kind, kill, kilogram
/l/ - late, let, live, alone, close
/m/ - make, men, mind, mother, must
/n/- napkin, never, night, no,
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 NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
General Santos Drive, City of Koronadal 9506

/p/ - paper, person, pick, pour,

/r/ - rain, red, read, real
/t/ - task, tell, time, tone, tune, hotel, /v/ - vast, vein, vivid, voice, review
/w/ - wall, water, wore, wear
/j/ - yellow, boy, May
/z/ - Xerox, Xenon, xenophobia, xylophone

Special Consonants- these are combinations of consonant sounds

/ŋ/ - sing, ring, ding, bing
/ʃ/ - ship, sheep, shepherd, shield
/ʧ/ - chip, cheap, chill, choice, cheer
/Ө/ - thought, think, thin, thine, thieves
/ᶞ/ - breathe, bathe, brother, clothing
/ǯ/ - mirage, garage, beige, rouge

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